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3. Lamourouxia brachyantha Greenman. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 248. 1906[1905]. Type:— MEXICO. State of Mexico: Rocky hills, Lecheria, Valley of Mexico, 2285 m, 1 July 1904, C.G. Pringle 8815 (Holotype: GH00078567!; isotypes: BM000953403!, C10018960!, CAS0003141!, CM214042!, E00394554!, E00394555!, E00394556!, F V0072502F!, F V0072503F!, G00356762!, G00356763!, G00356764!, GOET011025!, HBG511946!, JE00019795, K000533715!, MEXU00527654!, MEXU00031629!, MIN1359267!, MO-525344!, NY00090601!, P02976334!, PH00016825!, S-G-3535!, US 01108432!, US00125694!, VT UVMVT026726!) Figure 5 A–C. Herbs 50–100 cm tall, stems solitary or rarely branched at base, erect, herbaceous, glandular-pubescent. Leaves sessile, ovate, 18–35 × 8–18 mm, margin dentate, 9–22 teeth per side, teeth 1–2 mm long; apex acute, base rarely, truncate to cordate or slightly auriculate; coriaceous, glandular-pubescent. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–4 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, ovate, 7.7–11 × 4.3–9.3 mm, margin dentate, 7–8 teeth per side, teeth up to 2.5 mm long, apex acute, base truncate to cordate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 5–12.3 × 5–7 mm, lobes triangular to ovate, 3–6 × 4–5 mm, margin dentate, 3–4 teeth per side, teeth up to 3 mm long, apex acute, glandular-pubescent. Corolla funnelform remarkably galeate, 15–22 × 8–11 mm, upper lip 5–9 mm long, lower lip 8.4–9.5 × 4.5–6.3 mm, lobes 3–5.8 × 1.8–3 mm; whitish or pink to purple, glandular-pubescent. Stamens included 4, filaments ca. 18 mm long, anthers ca. 1.8 mm long. Style 11–21 mm long. Stigma capitate, 1–1.5 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 8.7–12 × 8 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The specific epithet means short or little flower. Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia brachyantha is distributed in the central and western states of Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Jalisco, and Querétaro (Fig. 5C). The species is found in grassy slopes, grasslands, xerophytic scrubs (Prosopis Linnaeus (1767: 282, 293) and Acacia Miller (1754: s.n.), chaparral (Quamoclit Miller (1754: s.n.), Bacopa Aublet (1775: 128–130), and Milla biflora Cavanilles (1793: 76), and rarely in scrubs (Yucca Linnaeus (1753: 319) at elevations of 2050 to 2680 m. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting from May to October. Frequently collected from July to September. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Ciudad de México: Gustavo A. Madero, La Armella, a 3230 m en LR en dirección SO de Picacho El Fraile, 2680 m, 14 September 2005, Espinosa et al. 196 (MEXU!); Cerro Chiluca, Sierra de Guadalupe, cerca de Ayucan, August 1952, Paray 146 (ENCB!); Cerro Cuautepec, Sierra de Guadalupe, 15 July 1951, Matuda 21218 (MEXU!); Sierra de Guadalupe, 2600 m, 12 September 1997, E. Martínez & J. Martínez 28523 (MEXU!), 30 September 1950, Matuda & Paray 21346 (MEXU!), 11August 1940, Miranda 586 (MEXU!), September 1953, Paray 1173 (ENCB!). Estado de México: Atizapán de Zaragoza, 5 km al N, 12 September 1965, Rzedowski 20915 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Huehuetoca, Cerro Sincoque, 2400 m, 17 October 1976, Acosta 44 (IBUG!); 6 Km al N de Tepotzotlán, 2300 m, 12 October 1980, Alva 54 (ENCB!); Cerros al N de Huehuetoca, 2300–2470 m, 12 August 1951, Gold & Kherborle 21768 (MEXU!). Ixtapaluca, ladera SW del Cerro del Pino, 03 October 1976, Vega 103 (ENCB!). Polotitlán, along Highway 57 ca. 70 miles NW of Mexico City, ca. 4 miles S of Encinillas, 2400 m, 25 August 1977, Croat 44070 (MEXU!). Temascalcingo, Ladera SE Cerro La Manga, 2400 m, 16 August 1980, Romero-Rojas 218 (ENCB!). Tenancingo de Degollado, Cercanía de Tenancingo, 23 August 1953, Matuda et al. 28973 (MEXU!). Tlalnepantla de Baz, Rancho “El Copal”, cerca de San Juan Ixhuatepec, 2350 m, 10 August 1970, Rzedowski 27445 (ENCB!). Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo, Lechería, 01 July 1904, Pringle 8815 (BM!, C!, CAS!, CM!, E!, F!, G!, GH!, GOET!, HBG!, J!, K!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!, PH!, S!, US!, VT!). Autopista México-Querétaro, 1 km antes de la salida a San Francisco y San Agustín, lado norte, 2412 m, 03 August 2001, Vibrans 7476 (MEXU!); Lomas de Atizapán y Chiluca, 2300 m, 07 September 1980, A. Ventura 3661 (MEXU!, XAL!); Sierra de Alcaparrosa, cerca de la estación de microondas, 2700 m, 21 September 1973, Rzedowski 31235 (ENCB!). Hidalgo: Tula de Allende, Cañón de las Ajuntas, Santa María Macuá, 2150 m, 10 July 2003, Romero & Rivera-Hernández 188 (MEXU!). Jalisco: Zapopan, Las Agujas, 07 May 1981, Mora-Gómez s.n. (IBUG!). Querétaro: Amealco de Bonfil, km 6.5 de la carretera a Huimilpan, 2050 m, 11 August 1990, Serrano 51 (MEXU!); Huimilpan, km 8 Huimilpan, Qro. y Los Cues, Méx., 2250 m, 20 July 1986, Argüelles 2582 (MEXU!); Área Natural Protegida El Tángano, 2175 m, 21 July 2004, Balderas 657 (MEXU!). San Juan del Río, 2 km al N de Cazadero, 2250 m, 26 August 1989, Rzedowski 48760 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MO, XAL!). San Miguel de Allende, camino a San Miguel de Allende, 2000 m, 20 July 1975, Argüelles 173 (MEXU!), km 8–9 aprox, no date, Argüelles 1426 (ENCB!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae. Vol. 2. Ed. 12. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 736 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 68927","Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary: fourth edition. John & James Rivington, London, 1582 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 79061","Aublet, F. (1775) Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Franc ¸ oise. Vol 1. P. F. Didot, London, 621 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 674","Cavanilles, A. J. (1793) Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum. Vol. 2. Ex Regia Typographia, Matriti [Madrid], 200 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669"]}

21. Lamourouxia smithii Robinson & Greenman. Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 3 50: 172. 1895. Type:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Mountains of Jayacatlan, 5000 ft., 13 August 1894, L.C. Smith 155 (Holotype: GH00078584!) Figure 14 A–C. Herbs up to 100 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, hirsute, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, ovate to triangular, 50–72 × 29–38 mm, margin dentate to serrate, sometimes doubly serrate, 12–17 teeth per side, teeth 2–6 mm long; apex acute, base cordate; apparently papyraceous, glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2.9–5.4 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, ovate to oblong, 13–25 × 7.7–10.6 mm, margin serrate, 8–11 teeth each side, apex acute, base cordate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 9.3–12.5 × 4.1–6 mm, lobes triangular to narrowly ovate or slightly subulate, 3.3–5.8 × 1.9–2.7 mm, margin entire, apex acute, pubescent, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 39–54 × 6.9–8.6 mm, upper lip 18–24 × 64– 7.4 mm, lower lip 14–19 × 2–2.6 mm, lobes 0.9–1.4 × 0.9–1.3 mm; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair ca. 40 mm long, anthers 3.6 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 44–52 mm, stigma bilobed, 1 mm long. Fruits and seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name honors L.C. Smith, collector of the type specimen. Distribution and Ecology: —The species is endemic from the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico (Fig. 14C). The species can be found in pine and oak forests, pine forests, and rarely in tropical deciduous forests, and xerophytic scrubs (Pseudosmodingium Engler (1881: 381), Bursera, Esenbeckia Kunth in Humboldt et al. (1825: 246–248) at elevations from 1240 to 1960 m. Phenology: —Flowering extends from June to January. Representative specimens: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Leonardo Bravo, 4 km al NE de El Naranjo, rumbo a Chichihualco, 1240 m, 30 October 1997, González 1762 (MEXU!). Malinaltepec, 1700 m, 15 January 1992, Wagenbreth 801 (MEXU!). Oaxaca: Ixtlán de Juárez, Sureste del río Natividad, cerca del puente de piedra, 1850 m, 14 August 2002, Figueroa & Guzmán 86 (MEXU!); Cerro El Campanario, a 3.6 km en LR (263º) de Kacaltianguis, 1929 m, 20 December 2009, Velasco & Juárez 4391 (MEXU!). San Bartolomé Quialana, Parte baja del cerro Yuubidan, a 0.5 km al lado E del paraje La Toma, 1961 m, 20 July 2013, Aragón-Parada 366 (MEXU!). San Lorenzo Albarradas, 6.2 km al NE de Mitla, carr. a Totontepec, 1690 m, 01 August 1983, Torres-Colín & Hernández 3390 (MEXU!). San Pedro y San Pablo Ayutla, 4.7 km al NE de San Bartolo Albarradas camino a Totontepec, 1600 m, 07 August 1985, TorresColín et al. 7022 (MEXU!). Santa Catarina Cuixtla, 5 km al SW de Miahuatlán, cerca de Cuixtla, 1900 m, 13 June 1985, Torres-Colín & García-Mendoza 6804 (MEXU!). Valerio Trujano, Tomellin Canyon, 17 July 1897, Pringle 6705 (MEXU!, US!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Engler, A. (1881) Uber die morphologischen Verhaltnisse und die geographische Verbreitung der Gattung Rhus, wie der mit ihr verwandten, lebenden und ausgestorbenen Anacardiaceae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 1: 365 - 426.","Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, K. S. (1825) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.). Vol. 7. Ex officina Christophori Plantini, Antverpiae, 479 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 640"]}

24. Lamourouxia viscosa Kunth. Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 338. 1817[1818]. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 49):— MEXICO, crescit in litore Mexicano Oceani Pacifi prope Acapulco, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (Lectotype: P00670478!) = Lamourouxia cordata Schlechtendal & Chamisso. Linnaea 5: 103. 1830. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO, inter Tenestepeque et Quantotalapa, September 1828, C.J.W. Schiede & F. Deppe 161 [547] (Lectotype: HAL0098537!). = Lamourouxia viejensis Oersted in Bentham & Oersted. Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1853(1–2): 28. 1854. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 49):— NICARAGUA, Med Blomst i Novmber paa Vulkanen Viejo i Nicaragua, A.S. Oersted 9401 (Lectotype: C10018963!; isolectotype: MO-1499903!). = Lamourouxia coccinea Gray.Proc.Amer.Acad.Arts 21:404.1886. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Chihuahua:rocky hills near the city of Chihuahua, C.G. Pringle 656 (Lectotype: GH00078568!; isolectotypes:AC00320441!, BM000953400!, BR0000008427984!, CAS0003142!, CINC-V-0008751!, CORD00004410!, CORD00004411!, F0072504F!, F0072505F!, G00356747!, GOET011026!, JE00019794!, K000533711!, NY00090602!, NY00090603!, PH00016827!, PH 00016828!, RSA0006026!, US 00125695!, US01080409!). = Galvezia sessilis Jones. Contr. W. Bot. 18: 51. 1933. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Jalisco: La Barranca, Guadalajara, M.E. Jones 27410 (Lectotype: NY 04112026!; isolectotypes: BM000953399!, GH00078419!). Figure 15. Herbs 80–200 cm tall, frequently solitary or branched at base, sometimes branched along the plant, erect, lignified at base, glandular-pubescent. Leaves sessile, broadly ovate to triangular, rarely orbicular, 17–110 × 7.5–40 mm, margin dentate to serrate, 5–21 teeth per side, teeth 0.5–4.5 mm long; apex obtuse to acute, base rounded to prominently auriculate; strongly coriaceous, glandular-tomentose. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–7 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, ovate to lanceolate, 6–18 × 3–13 mm, margin entire to dentate, up to 16 teeth per side, teeth ca. 1 mm long, apex obtuse or acute, base rounded to auriculate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 10–15 × 4.5–5.5 mm, lobes triangular to narrowly ovate, 3–5.5 × 3 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glandularpubescent. Corolla tubular, 35–55 × 3–7 mm, upper lip 11–20 × 10 mm, lower lip 13–17 × 5 mm, lobes 2 mm long; pink to red, glandular-pubescent. Style 43–49 mm long, anthers ca. 3.5 mm long. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair 30–38 mm long, anthers 3.5 mm long, filaments of upper pair 27–28 mm long, anthers absent. Style 43–50 mm long, stigma bilobed, 0.5 mm long. Capsule globose, 9–14 × 5–7 mm. Seeds 1–1.4 mm long, rectangular to rhomboid, with reticulate coat. Etymology: —The epithet refers to the sticky excretion of the plant. It can be appreciated during the process of drying by the presence of yellow marks on the paper. Common name: —Chupamiel, Chiltotl (Puebla), Guizh-dzòng (Zapoteco language, Oaxaca), Tzotzotz chenek’ (Tzeltal language, Chiapas). Uses: —Medicinal: in skin wounds, the roasted leaves are placed four times a day for three days (Santíz-Cruz 264, MEXU). Distribution and Ecology: —This is the most widely distributed species of the genus. It spreads from northern Mexico, crossing all the countries of Central America. In Mexico, Lamourouxia viscosa is distributed in the states of Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Zacatecas (Fig. 15H). The species was photographed in the state of Tlaxcala by J. Carlos López-Domínguez (www.naturalista.mx/observations/2172833), but no specimens were found in the revised herbaria. The species is common on roads and cleared areas of tropical semideciduous forests (Cordia elaeagnoides Candolle (1845: 474), deciduous forests (Bursera), scrubs (Yucca, Brahea dulcis, Juniperus flaccida, Bursera galeottiana), oak forests (Q. magnoliifolia, Q. pinceana), pine and oak forests Pinus pseudostrobus with Quercus acutifolia; P. oocarpa with Q. salicifolia Née (1801: 265); P. oocarpa with Q. peduncularis Née (1801: 270), and rarely on cloud forest (Liquidambar styracyflua Linnaeus (1753: 999) or crops, at elevations from 200 to 2400 m. Ernst (1972) included in his work the unpublished observations of D.E. Breedlove of the hummingbird species Amazilia beryllina, Hylocaris leucotis and Selasphorus rufus visiting L. viscosa. Only one herbarium specimen mentions the breeding of hummingbirds from the flowers of Lamourouxia viscosa (Hunn OAX242, MEXU). The species can be found in wide variety of colors, from whitish or pinkish to red or purple. Nomenclatural notes: —The specimen Schiede & Deppe 161 in W was cited by Ernst (1972) as the type of L. cordata. For this study, the specimen was searched in the online database of W herbarium with no specimen in this collection, but it was found another specimen in HAL, designated here as lectotype. Lamourouxia coccinea was published by Gray (1886) citing the collection Pringle 656 with no herbaria data. Later, Ernst (1972) cited eight duplicates in separate herbaria, no typifying and selecting a lectotype. However, the specimen stored in GH was labeled as “presumed holotype ” but because it was not effectively published it did not achieve a designation of type. Following the intention of Ernst (1972) to define an holotype, the GH specimen designed by him, is effectively published here (Art. 7.11, Turland et al. 2018). In the case of Galvezia sessilis the availability of the NY specimen in the public database of the same herbarium is the reason for selecting it as a lectotype. Phenology: —The flowering and fruiting season is throughout the year. Peak of collected specimens spreads from September to January (270 of 325 collections). Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Amatenango del Valle, km 5.3 de la carr. El Carmen-Villa Las Rosas, cerro Catomhuitz, 1915 m, 13 November 1995, Mejía & Luna 950 (MEXU, XAL). Arriaga, a 6.6 km al N de Arriaga camino a Tierra y Libertad, 12 July 2004, Martínez & Aguilar 37023 (MEXU!, MO). Berriozábal, 6–8 km north of Berriozabal along road to Pozo Turipache and Finca El Suspiro, 24 July 1972, Breedlove 26359 (ENCB!, MO); sitio de construcción de la subestación, 01 December 2000, Palestina 2312 (XAL!). Chalchihuitán, 2.7 km al nororiente de la cabecera, camino a Canech, 1630 m, 21 November 1995, Mejía & Luna 975 (ENCB!). Chiapa de Corzo, Mexican highway 190 in the Zinacantán parade of Muktajok, 26 September 1972, Breedlove 27994 (ENCB!); en la barranca El Chorreadero, 25 km al E de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, sobre la carretera a San Cristóbal de las Casas, 06 October 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 5906 (MEXU!). Cintalapa, Las Torres-Las Minas, 887 m, 01 April 2002, Meléndez 144 (MEXU!); torre de microondas, cerca de la fábrica La Providencia, 790 m, 15 October 2003, Reyes et al. 6051 (MEXU!); Ejido Niños Héroes, 880 m, 10 July 2004, Reyes et al. 7026 (MEXU!). Comitán de Domínguez, a los lados de la carretera, alrededores de Comitán, 10 December 1980, Ramamoorthy et al. 1424 (MEXU!); hills 3 mi NW of Comitan, 10 August 1962, Webster et al. 12911 (MEXU!, MO). Frontera Comalapa, 6–8 km east of Frontera Comalapa along road to Ciudad Cuauthemoc, 23 October 1974, Breedlove 39036 (MEXU!). Ixtapa, Ejido Atztlán, km 39 carretera Tuxtla Gutiérrez a San Cristóbal, 1100 m, 28 February 1985, Castillo-Campos & Acevedo 4232 (XAL!). Jiquipilas, a 4 km SW del poblado Tierra y Libertad, carr. Tierra y Libertad-Arriaga, 675 m, 10 October 2003, FloresFranco et al. 5048 (MEXU!). Larráinzar, paraje Shulumbo, 15 November 1994, Chamé & Luna 638 (MEXU!). La Trinitaria, along Mexican highway 190, 3 miles south of La Trinitaria, 15 August 1965, Breedlove 11770 (ENCB!). Ocosingo, Laguna Ocotal, senda por Antonio Escobar, 10 February 1986, Calzada 12066 (MEXU!); Laguna Ocotal Grande, reserva Montes Azules, 07 December 1987, Martínez 21868 (MEXU!). Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Camino de Bajada del Macho, para el rancho La Cruz, Reserva del Ocote, 500 m, 08 May 1983, Calzada et al. 10090 (XAL!); 6.5 km al N de Ocozocoautla, Mesa de Ocozocoautla, 25 June 1991, González-Villareal et al. 3833 (IBUG!); La Roblada, 07 June 1972, MacDougall H493 (ENCB!). Oxchuc, carretera de San Cristóbal a Ocosingo, 32 km al SW de Ocosingo, 02 December 1973, Koch et al. 73126 (ENCB!). San Cristóbal de las Casas, 3 km al S del Barrio de María Auxiliadora, rumbo a Rancho Nuevo, 2300 m, 15 August 1991, González et al. 1531 (XAL!); Cerro San Cristóbal, 05 July 1946, Laughlin 1005 (ENCB!, US!); Col. Kaltic, 1 km al norte de ECOSUR, 2120 m, 27 July 1995, Mejía & Luna 581 (ENCB!, XAL!); Cerro de Santa Cruz al E de San Cristóbal, 10 September 1984, Méndez 7905 (MEXU!, MO); Arroyo del Rancho Pellizi, al E de San Cristóbal, 15 July 1985, Méndez 8435 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!); Los Sumideros, 8 km al SW de San Cristóbal, 29 September 1994, Ramírez et al. 535 (ENCB!, MEXU!). San Juan Cancuc, Tzajal Ok’och, 6 km del pueblo de Cancuc, 25 November 1987, Sántiz 264 (MEXU!). San Juan Chamula, Chiotik, 19 September 1988, Sántiz 1056 (ENCB!). Soyaló, 5 km north of Soyaló along road to Bochil, 26 October 1971, Breedlove & Thorne 21299 (MEXU!, MO). Tenejapa, Barrio of Chana’, paraje of Kulak’tik, 24 November 1964, Breedlove 7530 (ENCB!, US!); Barrio de San Antonio, paraje of Mahben Chauk, 28 November 1964, Breedlove 7750 (ENCB!). Teopisca, a 2 km antes de la comunidad Nuevo León, 16 November 1994, Chamé & Luna 677 (ENCB!, MEXU!); a 1 km al SE de Belén, o a 24 km al SE de San Cristóbal, 15 November 1984, Téllez et al. 7923 (MO, XAL!). Tuxtla Gutiérrez, 11 miles by road from El Sumidero on road to Tuxtla Gutierrez, 24 January 1970, W.R. Anderson & C. Anderson 5554 (ENCB!); 18 km al N de Tuxtla Gutiérrez sobre el camino al parque natural El Sumidero, 03 December 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 5973 (MEXU!, MO); 31 km al O de Tuxtla Gutiérrez y a 13 km al NE de Chiapa de Corzo, 1050 m, 11 October 1989, Soto 13344 (MEXU!). Unión Juárez, Volcán Tacaná, 17–23 March 1939, Matuda 2757 (MEXU!); Talquián, 1670 m, 07 October 1985, E. Ventura & López 2536 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!); Talquián 8 km al noreste, 25 November 1986, E. Ventura & López 4168 (XAL!); El Talquián Nuevo, 1600 m, 23 January 1992, E. Ventura & López 10100 (XAL!). Villaflores, cercanías del Rancho Alejandra, 750 m, 21 October 2002, AlvaradoCárdenas & Reyes 666 (MEXU!, MO). Yajalón, Arroyo del banco del Crava, 700 m, 25 August 1983, Méndez 6517 (ENCB!, MO, XAL!). Zinacantán, Campamento Ibigel, camino Tuxtla-San Cristóbal de las Casas, 2100 m, 14 December 1987, Martínez et al. 22059 (MEXU!); Las Granadillas, a mitad de la carretera San Cristóbal de las Casas a Tuxtla, 20 November 1985, Méndez 8605 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Chihuahua: Batopilas, near the crest of the Barranca de Batopilas south of Quirire, 10 October 1973, Bye 5385 (MEXU!); Barranca de La Bufa 141 km al SW del entronque con la carr. Guachochi-Creel, Torres & Tenorio 3743 (MEXU!, MO). Guachochi, Napuchi, near Quirire, on road from Creel to La Bufa, 07 October 1975, Bye 6946 (ASU!). Hidalgo del Parral, north-facing slope of mountain, Minas Nuevas [Villas Escobedo], about 8 mi, NW of Parral, 02 October 1959, Correll & Gentry 22729 (ENCB!, MO). Madera, Sierra Madre near Chuichupa, 13 September 1899, Townsend & Barber 417 (MEXU!, US!). Moris, 29 October 1985, Tenorio et al. 10063 (MEXU!). Ocampo, at the top and along the E side of Cascada de Baseseachi, 13 October 1980, Bye 9845 (MEXU!); Cascada de Basaseachic, 04 October 1982, Tenorio & Romero 1953 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Santa Isabel, 0.4 mile south of Mexico highway 16, along a dirt road to Lago de Jacales, about 4.5 miles east of Gran Morelos, 10 September 1972, Reveal & Hess 3001 (MEXU!, MO). Temósachi, Nabogame, 29 August 1987, Laferriére 1013 (MEXU!). Durango: Canelas, 20 km al S de Canelas, 10 January 1986, Vizcarra 191 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!). Mezquital, 14 km del Mezquital, rumbo a Temoaya, 1970 m, 22 October 1984, Herrera 488 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!). Topia, Sianori, 800 m, no date, González-Ortega 5345 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!, US!). Pueblo Nuevo, carretera Dgo.-Mazatlán km 195, 2150 m, 05 January 1980, Vega 733 (IBUG!). Estado de México: Coatepec Harinas, carretera San Luis, 30 October 2011, Dorantes et al. 345 (MEXU!). Ixtapan de la Sal, November 1950, Paray 175 (ENCB!); along Mexico Highway 55 at La Calderon [Puente Calderón], 6 miles north of Ixtapan de la Sal, on steep slopes above the river, 14 October 1975, Reveal & Harley 4161 (MEXU!, US!). Malinalco, cañada San Miguel, paraje El Rincón de San Miguel, barrio Santa Mónica, 1880 m, 11 December 2013, López 207 (MEXU!). Sultepec, Tepechuca [Pepechuca], cerca de Sultepec, 31 December 1962, Paray 3371 (ENCB!). Tejupilco, 1300 m, 28 December 1932, Matuda 27863 (MEXU!); Ocotepec, 1650 m, 10 December 1967, Rzedowski 25288 (ENCB!). Temascaltepec, Rincón del Carmen, 1340 m, 23 November 1932, Hinton 2696 (MEXU!, US!). Valle de Bravo, Cerrito de Peña, 1850 m, 01 February 1953, Matuda 28048 (MEXU!). Guanajuato: San Luis de la Paz, El Bernalejo, por Mesas de Jesús, 1500 m, 15 November 1991, E. Ventura & López 9809 (MEXU!, XAL!). San Miguel Allende, 16 km SO, Cañada de la Virgen, 08 August 1978, Kishler 310 (MEXU!). Xichú, más menos 5 km de El Huizache, por la brecha a Atarjea, 2300 m, 05 October 1995, Pérez-Cálix 3201 (MEXU!, XAL!); La Sábila, 1700 m, 30 September 1987, Santillán 362 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Cerro de Llano Grande, 12 km al NE de Xichú, 2000 m, 03 November 1988, E. Ventura & López 6258 (XAL, ENCB!). Guerrero: Ahuacuotzingo, Ajuatetla, reserva campesina, 19 November 1996, Hernández 86 (MEXU!). Atlixtac, 31 km al E de Chilapa, 06 November 1983, Tenorio et al. 4885 (MEXU!). Atoyac de Álvarez, 9 km al NE de Atomic, en Las Parotas, camino Atoyac-Paraíso-Puerto del Gallo, 28 March 1983, Martínez & Soto 3734 (ENCB!). Canuto A. Neri, Acapetlahuaya, Plan de Ayala, km 90 carr. Iguala-Ciudad Altamirano, 10 February 1983, Tenorio et al. 3256 (MEXU!). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, camino a El Tejocote, 9 km al O del entronque con carr. Chilpancingo-Acapulco (17 km al S de Chilpancingo), 15 November 1983, Koch & Fryxell 83270 (ENCB!); falda este de Cerro Alquitrán, 07 October 1968, Kruse 2042 (MEXU!); al N en el km 6 de la carretera a Chichihualco, 01 November 1968, Kruse 2170 (MEXU!); a 12 km al NW de Chilpancingo, sobre la carr. que va a Chichihualco, 19 October 1977, Ladd et al. 155 (MEXU!); 3 km al S de Amojileca, 03 December 1966, Rzedowski 23553 (ENCB!); 1 km al S de El Miraval, September 2000, Maldonado 620 (ENCB!); 21 km al NW, brecha Chilpancingo-Omiltemi-Las Joyas, 1750 m, 11 November 1982, Tenorio & Romero 2563 (MEXU!, US!, XAL!); Cerro del Naranjo, 18 October 2005, Victoriano 3044 (MEXU!). Coahuayutla de Guerrero, El Aguacate, 2.72 km al N, 13 February 1999, Soto 13574 (MEXU!). Eduardo Neri, Cerro El Ocotal, 1.4 km al SE de Amatitlán, 1740 m, 11 August 1994, Monroy 401 (MEXU!), a 3 km al SW de Xochilapa, carr. a Filo de Caballo, 17 October 1983, Soto & Martínez 5590 (ENCB!). General Heliodoro Castillo, 12.3 km al S de Huautla, 06 December 1998, Soto 12300 (MEXU!); 9.91 km al N de Verde Rico, 08 December 1998, Soto 12561 (MEXU!). Huitzuco de los Figueroa, 2.5 km al NO de San Francisco Ozomatlán, 1130 m, 19 September 1989, Vargas 95 (MEXU!). Leonardo Bravo, 2 km al SO de El Miraval, 07 December 1997, Soto 6532 (MEXU!). Metlatónoc, 7 km al N, 15 November 1982, Tenorio 2693 (MEXU!). Petatlán, En La Florida, 4 km al SO de El Porvenir, 850 m, 06 February 1986, Soto 12298 (MEXU!). Tlapa de Comonfort, 64 km al S de Tlapa, camino a Igualita, 19 August 1990, Calzada & Toledo 16222 (MEXU!). Teloloapan, above Los Ranchos (Rancho Viejo), 15 miles west of Teloloapan, 17 December 1963, Porter 1353 (MEXU!); km 54 junto a Teloloapan, 23 February 1978, Sánchez et al. 2930 (MEXU!). Pilcaya, ca. 15 mi SE of Tonatico, 03 November 1970, Webster & Breckon 16186 (MEXU!, US!). Xalpatláhuac, 1.2 km al N de Zacatipa, 1700 m, 26 October 1990, Toledo & Landa 506 (ENCB!). Xochihuehuetlán, Cañada Las Pozas, 2.5 km al NO de Jilotepec, Cerro Xilotzin, 1360 m, 06 November 1993, Moreno et al 710 (MEXU!). Zitlala, Topiltepec, reserva campesina, 1200 m, 25 August 1997, Cuaxinque 170 (MEXU!), 09 July 1997, Miranda 232 (MEXU!). 2 km E of Rancho Nuevo, 6 km W of El Pochote, 23 November 1971, Iltis & Cochrane 58 (ENCB!); along the road between Atoyac and San Andrés de la Cruz, 01 February 1983, Miller & Tenorio 580 (ENCB!; MEXU!). Hidalgo: Xochicoatlán, 1250 m, 21 September 1968, Puig 3014 (ENCB!). Jalisco: Ahualulco de Mercado, 13 km al SE, 500 m al S de El Carmen en el Cerrito de los Coyotes, Sandoval s.n. (IBUG!). Amatitán, camino al predio Ravelero, cerca del camino a Los Encinos, 26 November 2020, Ortiz-Brunel 1031 (IBUG!). Ameca, 47 km al W de Ameca, 1600 m, 03 October 1982, Hernández-Magaña et al. 9046 (MEXU!). Atenguillo, carretera Ameca-Mascota, pasando Atenguillo, 01 November 2020, Ortiz-Brunel & Ruiz-Sánchez 1023 (IBUG!). Atotonilco El Alto, rancho Sta. Elena, a 8 km al sur de Atotonilco El Alto, 1800 m, 04 October 1982, Curiel 16 (IBUG!). Autlán de Navarro, Los Mazos, 17 February 1978, R. Hernández s.n. (IBUG!); 2 km S of El Chante, Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","De Candolle, A. (1845) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Vol. 9. Treuttel et Wu ¨ rtz, Paris, 573 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286","Nee, D. L. (1801) Descripcion de varias especies nuevas de Encina (Quercus de Linneo). Anales de Ciencias Naturales 3: 260 - 278.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Gray, A. (1886) Contributions to American Botany. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 21: 363 - 413.","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten, Koeltz Botanical Books. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

12. Lamourouxia microphylla Martens & Galeotti. Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(2): 31. 1845. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca, bois de l’O d’Oaxaca, 1840, H. Galeotti 1005 (Lectotype: K000533709!; isolectotypes: BR0000005423378!, BR0000005423705!, G00356756!, K000533710!, P02976340!, P02976341!) = Lamourouxia parvifolia Bentham. Prodr. 10: 542. 1846. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca, bois de l’O d’Oaxaca, 1840, H. Galeotti 1005 (Lectotype: K000533709!; isolectotypes: BR0000005423378!, BR0000005423705!, G00356756!, K000533710!, P02976340!, P02976341!). Figure 9 F–H. Herbs up to 100 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, glabrescent non-glandular. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petioles up to 1 mm long, linear to oblanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm, minutely crenate, 1–6 teeth each side, teeth up to 1 mm long; apex obtuse to rounded, base attenuate; apparently membranous, glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–5.7 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2.1–5.8 × 0.6–1 mm, sometimes with one lobe per side, up to 1 mm long, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, four-lobed, lobes very reduced, triangular, 1–3 × 1 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, glabrous. Corolla tubular, 35–41 × 5–6 mm, bilabiate, upper lip 15–18 × 4–5 mm, lower lip 10–16.1 × 2.3–7 mm, apex three-lobed, lobes 1.6–2.4 × 0.9 mm; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments not seen, anthers 3 mm long. Style 29.3–29.7 mm long, stigma 1 mm long. Fruit a capsule, spheric, 5–6 mm diameter, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of the species refers to its small leaves. Distribution and habitat: —This is an endemic species from Mexico. It is distributed in the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca (Fig. 9H). The species is present in pine forests and pine and oaks forests. The elevation recorded for this species is 1830–2290 m. Nomenclatural notes: —The original description of Lamourouxia microphylla (Martens & Galeotti 1845) cited the collections Galeotti 1005 with no herbarium location. Ernst (1972) cited five specimens, one in G, two in BR and K. Here, the specimen K000533709 with a branched stem, numerous small leaves, and open flowers has the best representation of the diagnostic features of the species. Other specimens have a few flowers and leaves. Phenology: —The flowering and fruiting season of Lamourouxia microphylla is from August to November. The flowers were mainly collected in October. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Chilapa, 24 km al E de Chilapa, 06 November 1983, Tenorio & Ramamoorthy 4868 (MEXU!). Leonardo Bravo, Carrizal de Bravo, 6 km después, camino a Chichihualco, 2200 m, 24 August 1997, Cruz-Durán 1484 (MEXU!). Oaxaca: San Jerónimo Coatlán, Campamento San Mateo, 14 km al oeste de san Jerónimo, Hernández-Magaña et al. 5146 (MEXU!, MO). San Pablo Cuatro Venados, 15 km northwest of Zaachila on road to San Miguel Peras, 11 November 1983, Breedlove & Almeda 60114 (ENCB!, IBUG!). Zimatlán, Paraje Tierra Blanca, 8 km al SE de La Cofradía, comunidad de San Pedro El Alto, 2360 m, 27 October 1998, Miranda & Hernández 522 (MEXU!); base of Sierra de Clavellinas, 19 October 1894, Pringle 6000 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO, P!, US!).

14. Lamourouxia nelsonii Robinson & Greenman. Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 3, 50: 174. 1895. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 49):— MEXICO. Oaxaca, 6 miles above Dominguillo, 4500–5000 ft., 30 October 1894, E.W. Nelson 1833 (Lectotype: US566389!; isolectotype: GH00078582!) Figure 10 D–H. Shrubs or sub-shrubs up to 160 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, sometimes reclining, woody, glandularpubescent. Leaves sessile, narrowly ovate to linear-lanceolate, 20–75 × 6–15 mm, margin dentate to serrate rarely crenate, 5–14 teeth by side, teeth up to 3 mm long, apex acute, base attenuate to cuneate; membranous, glandularpubescent. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 1.5–9 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, broadly ovate to linear-lanceolate, 8–39 × 6–15 mm, margin dentate, 4–10 teeth per side, teeth 0.4–0.9 mm long, apex acute, base cuneate to rounded. Calyx tubular without dots on the surface, 8–18 × 4–7 mm, lobes triangular to narrowly lanceolate, 6.3–8.2 × 2.1–2.5 mm, margin entire, very rarely lacerate, apex acute, glandular-pubescent. Corolla tubular, 42–63 × 5–9 mm, upper lip 12–23 × 4.2–6.4 mm, lower lip 16–19 × 2.6–4.2 mm, lobes 2–4 mm; salmon or orange to bright red, glandular-pubescent. Stamens exserted 2, up to 42 mm long, filaments of lower pair 10–46 mm long, anthers and filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 50–65 mm, stigma bilobed, 1.2 × 0.6–0.9 mm. Capsule ovoid, 7–17 × 5–8 mm. Seeds ca. 1 mm long, with reticulate coat. Etymology: —The name honors E.W. Nelson, collector of the type specimen. Common name: —Flor de lumbre. Distribution and habitat: —This species is endemic to Mexico. It is distributed in the states of Guerrero, México, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Querétaro (Fig. 10H). The species was found at elevation from 868 to 2990 m in xerophytic scrubs (Agave angustiarum Trelease in Standley (1920: 139), Opuntia Miller (1754: s.n.), Myrtillocactus Console (1897: 8), Rhus Linnaeus (1753: 265), Schinus molle Linnaeus (1753: 388–389), Yucca periculosa, Beaucarnea Lemaire (1861: 57, 59), Dasylirion Zuccarini (1838: 258), Bursera galeottiana Engler (1880: 43–44), tropical deciduous forests, oak forests (Q. castanea, Q. laeta Liebmann in Forchhamer (1854: 179 [–180]), and rarely in pine and oak forests and cloud forests. Phenology: —Specimens with flowers and fruits were collected throughout the year except for February, October, and December. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Ciudad de México: Autopista México-Cuernavaca, km 53, 2050 m, 12 July 1959, Espinosa 147 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Estado de México: Ixtapaluca, ca. 5 mi W of Río Frío, 05 July 1982, Spooner & Triplehorn 2102 (MEXU!). Guerrero: Teloloapan, Xalostoc, 30 km al NW de Iguala, 1420 m, 25 August 1982, Tenorio et al. 1507 (MEXU!). Tlapa de Comonfort, en el puente El Salado, a 8 km al N de Tlapa, 990 m, 25 August 1982, Martínez et al. 2692 (MEXU!, US!). Morelos: Cuernavaca, lava beds near Cuernavaca, 26 June 1896, Pringle 6331 (MEXU!, MO, US!). Tlayacapan, Ca. Tlayacapan, sobre la carretera hasta Oaxtepec, ca. 1.5 km del cruce con la carretera Totolapan-Yautepec, 1660 m, 20 June 1980, Lott 244 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Oaxaca: Huajuapan de León, Route 15, at km 376, ca. 13.5 km northwest of Tamazulapan, 2260 m, 21 July 1966, Cruden 1095 (MEXU!); 4 km al NW sobre la carretera de Huajuapan de León, 2100 m, 30 May 1973, Rzedowski 30702 (MEXU!); 7 km NW of Huajuapan de Leon on hwy 190, 20 July 1993, Seigler et al. DS13979 (MEXU!); 10 km al N de Huajuapan de León o 2 km al N de Luz Nagore carr. Huajuapan-Tehuacán, 1170 m, 17 July 1982, Torres-Colín 780 (MEXU!); La Reforma entre Huajuapan de León y Tamazulapan, 06 June 1985, Torres-Colín & García-Mendoza 6654 (MEXU!, MO). San Jerónimo Sosola, 1500 m, 24 July 1993, Salinas & Flores 7329 (MEXU!). San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán, La Mantecosera, San José El Chillar, 868 m, 14 August 2002, Cruz & San-Pedro 1048 (MEXU!); Barraca de las Guacamayas, San José El Chilar, 1107 m, 15 August 2002, Cruz & San-Pedro 1074 (MEXU!), 1187 m, 29 September 2002, Soto et al. 23974 (MEXU!); San Juan Coyula, 1049 m, 20 June 2002, García et al. 869 (MEXU!). San Juan Mixtepec, 4 km al NO, 1780 m, 08 July 1988, Reyes-Santiago 314 (MEXU!). San Martín Toxpalan, 1 km al SE, 29 July 1983, Chiang et al. 2381 (MEXU!, MO!). San Pedro Nopala, 6 km al N, Cerro Pericón, 2700 m, 16 April 1990, García-Mendoza & Reyes-Santiago 4581 (MEXU!). Santiago Chazumba, Agua del Coyote, ca. 1.5 km al O de Olleras de Bustamante, 1670 m, 29 April 2010, Carrillo-Reyes & Cabrera-Toledo 6054 (MEXU!). Santa Catarina Zapoquila, La Garabatera, abajo del Rincón del Chicamole, 2400 m, Tenorio 19055 (MEXU!). Teotitlán de Flores Magón, 3 km delante de Teotitlán del Camino, por la carretera a Huautla de Jiménez, 1300 m, 29 June 1987 Salinas et al. 4099 (MEXU!). Tlacotepec de Mejía, C. Peña Agujerada, 2300 m, 12 July 1971, Cabrera s.n. (ENCB!). Zapotitlán Palmas, 2 mi E of Oaxaca border, 9.6 mi NW of Huajuapan, along hwy 190, 20 July 1979, Case et al. 101 (ENCB!); Frontera Puebla-Oaxaca, carr. Acatlán-Huajuapan de León, 2050 m, 06 June 1985, Torres-Colín & García-Mendoza 6651 (MEXU!, MO). 16 km al SE de Dominguillo, 11 km al NW de Tonaltepec, entre Cuicatlán y Telixtlahuaca, 1500 m, 05 May 1980, González-Medrano et al. F1097 (MEXU!). Puebla: Amozoc, Parque estatal Gral. Lázaro Cárdenas, 2240 m, 20 May 1993, Martínez 825 (MEXU!). Atexcal, carretera Pino Suárez-San Juan Ixcaquixtla, 22 June 2015, Castañeda MCZ1071 (MEXU!). Atlixco, 23 March 1941, Miranda 1433 (MEXU!). Caltepec, 10 July 1980, González-Medrano et al. 11630 (MEXU!); a 2 km de la entrada de Caltepec, al SW del poblado, 1750 m, 08 July 2002, Alvarado-Cárdenas et al. 126 (MEXU!); Barranca de los Membrillos, 1860 m, Tenorio 3798 (MEXU!); cerro El Gavilán, al SE de Caltepec, 05 May 1983, Tenorio et al. 3718 (MEXU!), 14 July 1986, Tenorio et al. 11778 (MEXU!); ladera N de la Mesa de Pala, al SE de Acatepec, 2180 m, 14 August 1984, Tenorio & Romero 6879 (MEXU!); roca al SE de Cruz Chica, Acatitlán, 2137 m, 14 April 2001, Tenorio 20070 (MEXU!). Chalchicomula, Sierra de Chalchi, June 1945, Miranda 3568 (MEXU!). Chapulco, a 5 km al NO de Azumbilla, 2300 m, 26 June 1987, Martínez 21667 (MEXU!, MO). Huehuetlán El Grande, carretera de Valsequillo al Aguacate, 5 km antes de llegar al Aguacate, 16 July 1994, Rodríguez 899 (MEXU!). Jolalpan, Cerro El Jumil, al NW de Zacacuautla, 1700 m, 17 July 1984, Guízar 1397 (MEXU!). Santiago Miahuatlán, 1941 m, 26 July 2014, Castañeda MCZ834 (MEXU!). Santo Tomás Hueyotlipan, 3 km al sur de San Miguel Zacaola, 2000 m, 27 June 1982, González-Medrano et al. 12632 (MEXU!). Tehuacán, Cerro El Tepechante, Magdalena Cuayucatepec, 1808 m, 01 January 2015, Castañeda MCZ984 (MEXU!); 2 km al O, 1750 m, 23 July 1979, Chiang-Cabrera et al. 25 (MEXU!, MO); 24 km al NW, en la estación de microondas, rumbo a Tecamachalco, 27 July 1983, Chiang-Cabrera et al. 2328 (MEXU!); 3 miles NE, along road to Veracruz, 04 August 1963, Gentry et al. 20245 (MEXU!, US!), 2.2 mi NE of San Antonio Texcala, 2010 m, 17 July 1978, Pennell et al. 188 (ASU!, MEXU!); Meseta de San Lorenzo, 27 June 1987, Salinas et al. 4030 (MEXU!); on La Mesa above El Riego, July 1961, Smith Jr. et al. 3773 (MEXU!, US!); near Cerro Colorado beyond Santa Cruz, July 1961, Smith Jr. et al. 4065 (MEXU!, US!). Tepanco de López, 0.5 mi N of Cacaloapan on Rte 150 libre to Puebla, 26 May 1986, Luckow 3183 (MEXU!); 6 km al SW de San Andrés Cacaloapan, 1694 m, 11 May 2007, Rosas et al. 2978 (MEXU!); 2.5–3.5 mi NW of Cacalopan, 06 July 1972, Webster et al. 17236 (MEXU!). Zapotitlán Salinas, Cerro La Flor al O de La Estanzuela, 2300 m, 12 July 1986, Salinas et al. F3415 (MEXU!); 1 km al SW de Zapotitlán Salinas, 1700 m, 29 June 1991, Valiente et al. 908 (MEXU!). Querétaro: Pinal de Amoles, La Cuesta, 3 km al S de Escanelilla, 1100 m, 14 July 1983, Fernández & Acosta 2151 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Standley, P. C. (1920) Trees and shrubs of Mexico (Gleicheniaceae-Betulaceae). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 (1): 1 - 1681.","Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary: fourth edition. John & James Rivington, London, 1582 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 79061","Console, M. (1897) Myrtillocactus, Nuovo genere di Cactaceae. Bolletino del R. Orto Botanico di Palermo 1: 8 - 10.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Lemaire, C. A. (1861) Genre nouveau de la familie des Asparagacees: Beaucarnea. L'Illustration Horticole 8 (Misc.): 57 - 62.","Zuccarini, J. G (1838) Ileber eine neue Gattung aus der familie der Bromeliaceae nebft Bemerfungen uber einige merifaniche Agaven. Allgemeine Gartenzeitung 6 (33): 257 - 259.","Engler, A. (1880) Diagnosen neuer Bruseraceae und Anacardiaceae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 1: 41 - 47.","Forchhamer, G. (1854) M ˆ det den 19 de Mai. Oversigt over det kongelige danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger og dets medlemmers arbeider 1854: 159 - 191."]}

2. Lamourouxia barbata (Bertoloni) MacVean, Cristofoloni, Daniel & Baldini. Phytotaxa 420(3): 205. 2019. Basionym: Justicia barbata Bertoloni in Alessandrini. Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. 1(1): 410. 1838. Type:— GUATEMALA. Antigua Guatimalae, 1836, D. Vellasquez [Velásquez] s.n. (Holotype: BOLO0507985!) = Lamourouxia lanceolata Bentham. Prodr. 10: 542. 1846. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Chiapas, In Mexici prov. Chiapas ad Amatenango, 1839, J.J. Linden 198 (Lectotype: K000533705!; isolectotypes: F [IRN:219874 photo!], K000533707!). Figure 4 E–H. Herbs up to 300 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, reclining, woody, glabrescent non-glandular. Leaves opposite, sessile, narrowly lanceolate, rarely ovate, 19–57 × 7–14 mm, margin serrate, 4–11 teeth each side, teeth up to 0.5 mm long; apex acute, base attenuate; papyraceous, glabrous or glabrescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme with inverted flowers, arching forward, pedicels thin, 1–14 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate, 14–34 × 4–7 mm, 4–7 teeth per side, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 10–18 × 4–6 mm, four-lobed, lobes oblanceolate to narrowly triangular, 6–15 × 1.3–3.8 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrous or glabrescent, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 32–37 × 5–8 mm, bilabiate, upper lip 8–20 mm long, lower lip 7.9–14.6 × 4 mm, apex three-lobed, lobes 2–3 mm long; orange to red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments 31–34 mm long. Anthers 2.9–4 mm long, lanose with white non-glandular trichomes. Style 31–39 mm long. Stigma bilobed, 1.3–2.2 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 9–12 × 6–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species refers to the appearance of the anthers’ indumentum. Common name: —Kaka’an wamal, Tzajal nich (Tzeltal language, Chiapas). Uses: —Macerated leaves are used in showers three times a day to relieve body pain (López-Pérez 196, MEXU). Leaves in cold water once a day in shower are used for headaches (López-Pérez 237, MEXU). Distribution and Ecology: —This species spreads from southern Mexico to Costa Rica. In Mexico, the species is distributed in the state of Chiapas (Fig. 4H). It is reported from pine and oak forests (Quercus Linnaeus (1753: 994) and Pinus Linnaeus (1753: 1000) with Dendropanax Decaisne & Planchon (1854: 107), Saurauia Willdenow (1801: 407), pine forests, tropical deciduous forests, seasonal evergreen forest (Calycophyllum Candolle (1830: 367), Zanthoxylum Linnaeus (1753: 270), cloud forest (Oecopetalum Greenman & Thompson (1915: 408–409), Magnolia Linnaeus (1753: 535), Podocarpus L’Héritier ex Persoon (1807: 580), and corn crops in an elevation range of 1350–2800 m. Phenology: —The flowering season of this species is from November to March, with the peaks of collections in January and February (26 of 36 examined collections). Discussion: —Williams (1972) proposed to include the taxon under the species Lamourouxia longiflora but no morphological characters were defined and only it was separated by its geographical distribution, specified as “Distributed from southern Mexico, through Guatemala to El Salvador and Costa Rica ” with no enough evidence to segregate it to infraspecific rank. Nomenclatural notes:— Baldini et al. (2019), proposed the priority of the name Lamourouxia barbata (Bertoloni 1838: 410) MacVean, Cristofolini, Daniel & Baldini (2019: 205) instead of L. lanceolata. They argued that the name L. barbata was given by Bertolini (1838) to one species of Justicia (Acanthaceae), and referred to the similarity of the type specimen of J. barbata with L. lanceolata. They indicated the specimen BOLO 0507985 as holotype. The specimen was requested to the BOLO herbarium and it was received a high resolution image of it. Certainly, the specimen described as J. barbata corresponds to a specimen of L. lanceolata. Applying the priority of names (Chapter II, Section 3 of the Shenzhen Code, Turland et al. 2018), the correct name of the species is L. barbata. Thus, the name L. lanceolata now is treated as a synonym. The original description of Lamourouxia lanceolata (Bentham 1846) cited one specimen (Linden 198) in Herbarium Hook (K). Later, Ernst (1972) referred to type specimens in G and K. The search of the type collection in GBIF (revealed two specimens in K, one of them (K000533707!) includes two different collections with the plant of taxonomic importance confined to the corner of it. The other specimen (K000533705!) contains only the collection of L. lanceolata, because of it, it was designed as the lectotype. Also, were found two photographs from the Field museum photo negatives collection (Grant & Niezgoda 2020a) taken from one specimen in G. The online database of type specimens of the G herbarium (http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/chg/result.php?type_search=simple&lang =en&criteria= Lamourouxia &mode=tout) does not include any specimen of the type collection. The existence of the specimen in G is unknown, because Ernst (1972) did not argue if the specimen or its photograph were revised. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Amatenango del Valle, highway 190, Las Rosas-Teopisca 3.2 mi S of junction with highway 190, 27 January 1979, Croat 46498 (MO); Kampor, 4 km al sur de la cabecera municipal, 1670 m, 16 December 1987, Gómez 218 (ENCB!); Ti’Tontikil, 2 km al sur de la cabecera, López 196 (MEXU!); Siol, 3 km este de la cabecera, 1645 m, 14 January 1988, López 237 (ENCB!, MEXU!); near the center of Amatenango del Valle, 05 January 1967, Shilom 1837 (ENCB!, US!). Bochil, 5 km north of Soyalo along road to Bochil, 19 December 1971, Breedlove 23332 (ENCB!, MO); along highway 195 between Chiapa de Corzo and Pichucalco, 14 miles north of Ixtapa, 22.7 miles south of Pemex station in Bochil, 25 January 1979, Croat 46326 (MEXU!); along highway 195 between Chiapa de Corzo and Pichucalco, 5–7 mi S of Bochil, 17 February 1987, Croat & Hannon 65052 (MEXU!); 5 miles northeast of Soyalo on road to Bochil, 23 January 1975, Raven & Breedlove 19777 (ENCB!, US!). Chiapa de Corzo, Cerro El Escopetazo, 10 January 1995, Chamé & Luna 935 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Comitán de Domínguez, 3.4 miles by road northwest of Comitan, 17 January 1970, W.R. Anderson & C. Anderson 5485 (ENCB!); 3 km al sureste de Comitán, 19 December 1979, González-Medrano & Hiriart 11527 (MEXU!); NO de Comitán, 22 December 1948, Miranda 5004 (MEXU!). Escuintla, Monte Ovando, February 1939, Matuda 2647 (MEXU!). La Trinitaria, Zapaluta Cave, 3 km south of La Trinitaria, 29 January 1981, Breedlove 49648 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO); a 15 km al este de Tziscao, sobre el camino a Santa Elena, 05 December 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 6107 (MEXU!); Hidalgo, cerca de la carretera, Ramamoorthy et al. 1880 (MEXU!, XAL!). Las Rosas, 4 miles northwest of Pinola, 28 January 1965, Raven & Breedlove 20116 (ENCB!). Motozintla, 45–50 km of northeast of Huixtla along road to Motozintla, 28 December 1972, Breedlove & Thorne 31095 (MEXU!, MO). Rayón, La Selva Negra, 13 November 1964, MacDougall s.n. (MEXU!). San Juan Chamula, Paraje Chiotik 1 km, 2070 m, 14 January 1988, Santíz-Ruiz 550 (ENCB!, MO). Siltepec, camino Ejido Santa María a El Bejucal, polígono zona núcleo 2, 25 March 2006, Martínez 1236 (MEXU!, MO). Siltepec, cascada near Siltepec, 03 March 1945, Matuda 5048 (MEXU!). Tuxtla Gutiérrez, El Sumidero, 22 km al north of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, 01 January 1981, Breedlove 49059 (MEXU!); a 10 km al norte de Tuxtla Gutiérrez sobre el camino a Parque Nacional Cañón del Sumidero, 03 December 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 5961 (ENCB!, MEXU!); El Sumidero, 23 November 1970, MacDougall s.n. (ENCB!); Cañón del Sumidero, en el último mirador, 14 November 1984, Martínez et al. 8604 (MEXU!). Unión Juárez, on the southeast side of Volcán Tacaná above Talquián, 16 January 1973, Breedlove & Smith 31642 (MEXU!, MO); en el camino de Talquián a Chiquihuite, 03 February 1987, Martínez et al. 19319 (MEXU!); Chiquihuite, Volcán Tacaná, 27 March 1939, Matuda 2842 (MEXU!, MO); Talquián, 1550 m, 22 January 1986, E. Ventura & López 3133 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!); la línea divisoria, 8 km al sur de Unión Juárez, 12 January 1988, E. Ventura & López 5013 (XAL!); El Berral por el Tacaná, 21 January 1992, E. Ventura & López 10026 (MEXU!, XAL!). Venustiano Carranza, 1 km northwest of Aguacatenango, 15 December 1964, Breedlove 7879 (ENCB!, US!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Decaisne, J. & Planchon, J. E. (1854) Esquisse d'une monographie des Araliacees. Revue Horticole (Paris), ser. 4, 3 (6): 104 - 109.","Willdenow, C. L. (1801) Drei neue pflanzen-gattungen. Der Gesellsschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, neue Schriften 3: 403 - 413.","De Candolle, A. (1830) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Vol. 4. Treuttel et Wu ¨ rtz, Paris, 683 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286","Greenman, J. M. & Thompson, C. H. (1915) Diagnoses of flowering plants, chiefly from the Southwestern United States and Mexico. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1 (4): 405 - 418.","Persoon, C. H. (1807) Synopsis plantarum, seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum. Vol. 2. Bibliopolas Treuttel et Wu ¨ rtz, Paris, 656 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 638","Baldini, R. M., MacVean, A. L., Cristofolini, G., Daniel, T. F., Managlia, A. & Galloni, M. (2019) Synopsis and typification of the names published by Antonio Bertoloni in Florula Guatimalensis and in preceding publications. Phytotaxa 420 (3): 199 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 420.3.1","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashutten, Koeltz Botanical Books. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Bentham, G. (1846) Lamourouxia. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 10: 539 - 542.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Grant, S. & Niezgoda, C. (2020 a) Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) Seed Plant Collection. Version 11.12. Field Museum. https: // doi. org / 10.15468 / nxnqzf"]}

19. Lamourouxia pringlei Robinson & Greenman. Gard. & Forest 8(385): 273, 275. 1895. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: San Felipe, found growing on the rocky and wooded summit ridges of San Felipe, 1894, C.G. Pringle 4927 (Lectotype: MO-155211!; isolectotypes:AC00320443!, BKL00004274!, BR0000008428080!, CM2010, E00394558!, ENCB0003598!, F0072506F!, G00356751!, G00356752!, GH00078583!, GOET011028! HBG511949!, JE00019793!, K000533731!, MEXU00031624!, MEXU00031626!, MSC, NDG50289!, NY00090608!, P02995395!, P02995396!, PH00016833!, RSA 0006028!, S-G-3537!, US00125707!, US 00125708!, VT UVMVT026730!, WIS v0256296WIS!). Not Lamourouxia pringlei Gandoyer. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66(5–6): 217. 1919. Figure 13 A–C. Shrubs or sub-shrubs 40–200 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, glandular-puberulous. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to elliptic, rarely narrowly spatulate, 5–19 × 2–5 mm, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse, base cuneate to rounded; membranous, glandular-pubescent. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–5 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate to elliptic, 4–9 × 3–4 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, base cuneate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 7–11 × 5–7 mm, lobes lanceolate to triangular, 1.8–6.5 × 2–4 mm, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse, rarely acuminate, glandular-pubescent. Corolla funnelform, 29–37 × 6–10 mm, upper lip 7–10 × 5–6 mm, lower lip 4–8 × 3–5 mm, lobes 2.2–3 mm × 1.4–2.2 mm; red, glandular-pubescent. Stamens exserted 4, 14–25 mm long, anthers 2.4–3.9 mm. Style 23–34 × 0.4–0.8 mm, stigma bilobed, 0.7 × 1 mm. Capsule ovoid, 11–14 × 6–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species honors C.G. Pringle, collector of the type specimen. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is endemic from the states of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz (Fig. 13C). Collections are from xerophytic scrubs (Acacia, Brahea dulcis (Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth 1815 [1816]: 300) Martius (1838: 244), oak forests (Quercus acutifolia Née (1801: 267), Q. rugosa with Arbutus, Juniperus flaccida, and Rhus), pine forests, Pseudotsuga menziesii forests, and pine-oak forests, at elevations of 2000–3048 m. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting occur from August to March. Discussion: —Please see L. paneroi to know more about the similarity with L. pringlei. Nomenclatural notes: —The type collection of Lamourouxia pringlei has numerous duplicates in several herbariums widely distributed. It was selected as lectotype the specimen MO-155211! because it exhibits the branching pattern with open inflorescences and mature flowers. Other specimens consist mostly of two stems not branched. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Oaxaca: Chilapa de Díaz, 1 km de San Marcos Monte de León, a 4 km de Chilapa de Díaz sobre la carretera de terracería a Chilapa de Díaz, 2150 m, 24 December 2002, Calzada 23686 (MEXU!). Cristóbal Suchixtlahuaca, 7 km al SO-S de Suchixtlahuaca, por la terracería rumbo a Santiago Tenejupan, 2250 m, 20 November 1985, Salinas & Dorado F-3036 (MEXU!). Nochixtlán, Mixteca Alta, 600 m antes de la desviación a Jaltepec, antes de Nochixtlán, 2330 m, 06 February 1993, Cházaro et al. 7064 (MEXU!, XAL!); Cerros de Nochixtlán, 2250 m, 17 October 1921, Conzatti 4298 (MEXU); 12 km al NE de Nochixtlán camino a Huautla y 2 km al S de Fortín Alto, 2310 m, 23 January 1986, García-Mendoza et al. 2079 (XAL!). Rojas de Cuauhtémoc, a unos 20 km al NNE de Tlacolula, km 575 de la carr. Mex-Oax., 3000 m, 30 January 1966, Delgadillo 186 (MEXU!, US!). San Bartolomé Quialana, Alrededores del mirador en la parte más alta del cerro Yuubldan a 4 km de la población, 2850 m, 23 November 2013, Aragón-Parada 938, 939 (MEXU!). San Juan Mixtepec, near town, 2100 m, 19 December 1996, Hunn OAX-641 (MEXU!, MO). San Juan Teposcolula, Cerro Yucudaá, torre de microondas, 2700 m, 19 October 1990, A. García-Mendoza & Reyes-Santiago 4963 (MEXU!); 1 km al N de Teposcolula, 2390 m, 22 February 1982, García-Mendoza 886 (MEXU!); Yucudá, por las torres de microondas, a 1.5 km al NO de la desviación a Teposcolula, 2700 m, 19 October 1990, Reyes-Santiago & García-Mendoza 2464 (MEXU!). San Miguel Chicahua, 8.6 km al NO de Amatlán camino a Apoala, 2438 m, 10 November 2001, García-Mendoza & Solano 7331 (MEXU!). San Pedro y San Pablo Teposcolula, Ladera N del cerro de Pueblo Viejo, 2350 m, 05 November 2005, García-Mendoza et al. 8168 (MEXU!). Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, Paraje “Peña Prieta”, 15 km al norte de la Ciudad de Oaxaca y a 3 km al noroeste del poblado “El Estudiante”, 2700 m, 23 August 1997, Acevedo 26 (MEXU!). Tepelmeme Villa de Morelos, Cañada Otates, brecha a Hijadedoaria, 2092 m, 02 March 2001, Tenorio 19958 (MEXU!). Villa de Tamazulápam del Progreso, 4.5 km al sureste de Tamazulápan, 22 October 1977, González-Medrano & Hiriart 10611 (MEXU!); 7 km al SW de Tamazulápan sobre la carretera a Chilapa, 2350 m, 12 December 1981, Rzedowski 37688 (MEXU!). Villa Díaz Ordaz, a 16 km al NE de Díaz Ordaz, 2780 m, 08 December 1982, Cedillo 1932 (MEXU!); about 11 miles north of Tlacolula above Valley of Diaz Ordaz, 3000 m, 30 January 1966, Ernst & Delgadillo 2384 (MEXU!, P!, US!). Cerro cercano al entronque de la carretera Yucudaá-Pinotepa, 2270 m, 02 november 1981, García-Mendoza 808 (MEXU!, MO). Puebla: Ajalpan, 1 km al S de San Luis del Pino, 02 December 1991, Salinas & Martínez 6407 (MEXU!). Caltepec, al SE, Cerro El Castillo, Tenorio 15379 (MEXU). Chapulco, 2 km antes de llegar a Nicolás Bravo, carretera Azumbilla-Lagunas de San Bernardino, 2300 m, 28 September 1989, Cházaro et al. 6095 (XAL!). Coxcatlán, Carretera de Coyomeapan a Zoquitlán, ranchería Pala, 2446 m, 06 February 2015, Salazar et al. 9421 (MEXU!); 4 km al E de Pala, brecha a Zoquitlán, 2490 m, 28 September 1984, Tenorio et al. 7467 (MEXU!). Nicolás Bravo, Volcán Otzelotzi, a un lado de las lagunas de San Bernardino, 2750 m, 20 October 1996, Cházaro et al. 7673 (MEXU!). Palmar de Bravo, Cerro Tepoxtla de San Martín Esperilla, 2700 m, 31 October 1991, Tenorio et al. 17965 (MEXU!). Tepanco de López, Teontepec, 1 km al W de Nopala, brecha a Atexcal, 2100 m, 27 September 1984, Tenorio et al. 7454 (MEXU!). Tlacotepec de Benito Juárez, San Marcos Tlacoyalco, Carretera Cuacnopalan-Esperilla, aproximadamente 2 km al N de Esperilla, 2000 m, 07 September 1995, Panero et al. 5801 (MEXU!). Veracruz: Perote, cerro de Tenextepec, 2500 m, 27 October 1997, Castillo-Campos et al. 16499, 16513 (XAL!); 19 February 1998, Castillo-Campos et al. 16591 (XAL!); Hacienda de San Agustín, al SE, 2560 m, 04 November 1998, Castillo-Campos et al. 18725 (XAL!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, K. S. (1815 [1816]) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.). Vol. 1. Ex officina Christophori Plantini, Antverpiae, 375 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 640","Martius, K. F. P. (1838) Historia naturalis palmarum: opus tripartium. Vol. 3. T. O. Weigel, Lipsiae, 260 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 506","Nee, D. L. (1801) Descripcion de varias especies nuevas de Encina (Quercus de Linneo). Anales de Ciencias Naturales 3: 260 - 278."]}

7. Lamourouxia gracilis Robinson & Greenman. Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 3, 50: 174. 1895 Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Guerrero: Summit of Sierra Madre near Chilpancingo, 9000–12000 ft, 24 December 1894, E.W. Nelson 2234 (Lectotype: US00125700!; isolectotype: GH00078575!) Figure 7 A–E. Herbs 25–60 cm tall, stems branched at base, reclining, woody, glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, elliptic to obovate, 15–28 × 3–10 mm, margin serrate to crenate slightly revolute, 5–7 teeth each side, teeth 0.5–1 mm long; apex obtuse, base attenuate; membranous, glabrous to glabrescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels claviform, 6–12 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear-spatulate to elliptic, 4–10 × 3–5 mm, margin serrate to crenate, 4–7 teeth per side in the upper half, apex obtuse, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 5–10 × 3–6 mm, lobes elliptic to oblanceolate, 2–5 × 2–3 mm, margin crenate to crenulate, 2–5 teeth each side, apex obtuse, narrow at base, glabrous. Corolla tubular, 35–50 × 8–10 mm, upper lip 14–22 mm, lower lip 10–20 mm long, lobes 3–4 × 1.5–2 mm; brilliant fuchsia, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair 30–45 mm, anthers 2 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 30–35 mm long. Stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid to globose, 10–12 mm long, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The epithet gracilis means thin. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is endemic from Mexico and is distributed in the states of Guerrero and Morelos (Fig. 7E). It was collected in the transition and border of cloud forests and pine forests, at elevations from 1980 to 2170 m. This species is difficult to locate in the herbaceous substrate; the tiny leaves are easily camouflaged with other species. The brilliant fuchsia color of the flowers helps to identify it (Fig. 7D). Phenology: —Flowers and fruit can be found from September to December. Most collected specimens are reported from September (three of five collections). Nomenclatural notes: —The original description of Lamourouxia gracilis (Robinson & Greenman 1895) cited the specimen Nelson 2234 without herbarium location. Ernst (1972) cited duplicates of this collection in GH and US as type specimens. Because of this, lectotype and isolectotype were designated here. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Chilpancingo, 1400 m, 24 December 1894, Nelson 2234 (US!, GH!). Morelos: Cuernavaca, Carretera de subida a Chalma, 2172 m, 12 October 2019, Francisco-Gutiérrez & RamírezMartínez 256 (IBUG!, MEXU!, XAL!); Lomas de Atzingo, August–September 1950, Lyonnet 5008000028 (MEXU!); mossy cliffs of wet barranca above Cuernavaca, 18 September 1986, Pringle 6510 (BR, CAS, ENCB!, F, G, GH, K, MEXU!, MO!, MSC, P!, PH, UC, US!, W); barranca La Tilapeña, junto a la antigua vía del tren y el túnel, 2036 m, 10 September 2016, Zamudio et al. 17150 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Robinson, B. J. & Greenman, J. M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus Lamourouxia. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, 50: 169 - 174.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63."]}

8. Lamourouxia integerrima Smith. Bot. Gaz. 13(7): 189–190. 1888. Lectotype designated here:— GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: Pansamalá, 4000 ft, January 1887, H. von Tuerckheim 1112 (Lectotype: US0012570!; isolectotypes: GH00356761!, GH00078577!, K000533708!, NY00090606!, P02976356!, PH 00016832!, US00125703!, US 00125704!, US00125705!) = Lamourouxia longiflora var. integerrima (Smith) Williams in Standley and Williams (1972: 121). Basionym: L. integerrima. Figure 7 F–H. Herbs up to 250 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, reclining, woody, glabrous. Leaves sessile, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 20–42 × 3–8 mm, margin entire, apex acute, base attenuate; membranous, glabrous to glabrescent, nonglandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 4–8 × 1 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate, 15–35 × 8 mm, margin entire, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 7–10 × 3–5 mm, lobes linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 2.7–7 × 1–1.5 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrous to glabrate, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 43–51 × 9–11 mm, upper lip 14–19 mm long, lower lip 7–12 mm long, lobes 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm; brilliant red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments, anthers, and style not seen. Stigma bilobed. Capsule ovoid, 10–14 × 7–8 mm. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The epithet integerrima means entire or untoothed in reference to the margin entire of the leaves. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is distributed from Mexico to Guatemala. In Mexico, the species is distributed in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca (Fig. 7H). The species was frequently collected in cloud forests and rarely in grassy flats at elevations between 1100 and 1700 m. Phenology: — In Mexico, flowers of this species were collected from October to January and only one specimen with fruits is known from July. Most of the collections were made in December. Discussion: —The taxon was classified as a variety of Lamourouxia longiflora by Williams in Standley & Williams (1972), regarding its broader and triangular calyx lobes, with the commentary “but probably not really distinct. Only known from Guatemala ”. No specimens were indicated as revised, and no other distinctive characters were given. Lamourouxia integerrima is a separate species from L. longiflora by many morphological characters and ecological features. Lamourouxia integerrima belongs to the section Hemispadon, while L. longiflora pertains to the section Lamourouxia, which denotes differences in the development of stamens and anthers and the shape of the corolla (see key for sections). The distribution of L. integerrima is recorded from cloud forests in the southern states of Chiapas and Oaxaca; L. longiflora frequently inhabits pine and oak forests of the northern states of Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, and Zacatecas. Nomenclatural notes:— The original description of Lamourouxia integerrima (Smith 1888) included the text “Ex Pl. cit. 1112” in the protologue. Ernst (1972) cited one specimen in G, GH, PH, and three in US. Because a holotype was not indicated, a lectotype is here designated. Examined specimens:— MEXICO: Chiapas: Larráinzar, near summit of Chuchil Ton, northeast of Bochil, 17 October 1972, Breedlove 29232 (MEXU!). La Trinitaria, 15 km east on road to Montebello, 04 December 1976, Breedlove 42086 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Lagunas de Montebello National Park along road to Cinco Lagunas, 29 January 1981, Breedlove 49696 (MEXU!). Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán, in the Selva Negra 10 km above Rayón Mezcalapa along road to Jitotol, 12 December 1971, Breedlove 23115, 25 November 1972, Breedlove & Dressler 29806 (ENCB!, MEXU!); La Selva Negra, 13 November 1964, MacDougall s.n. (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tziscao, 15 km al este sobre el camino a Santa Elena, 05 December 1983, Cabrera & de Cabrera 6107 (ENCB!, IBUG!). Oaxaca: Huautla de Jiménez, a 6.3 km del Puente de Fierro, por la terracería a Sta. María Chilchotla, 04 July 2001, Munn et al. 1317 (XAL!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Standley, P. C. & Williams, L. O. (1972) Scrophulariaceae. Flora of Guatemala Part IX No. 4. Fieldiana, Botany 24: 319 - 416.","Smith, J. D. (1888) Undescribed plants from Guatemala. Botanical Gazette 13: 188 - 190.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63."]}

1. Lamourouxia avendanoi Francisco-Gutiérrez. Phytotaxa 549(1): 54. 2022. Type:— MEXICO. Nayarit: Nayar [Zacatecas: Valparaíso], 50 km al NE de Jesús María, carr. a Huejuquilla, 2000–2230 m, 13 September 1989, P. Tenorio-Lezama & G. Flores-Franco 16022 (Holotype: MEXU000520487!) Figure 4 A–D. Herbs 40–60 cm tall, stems solitary, erect, woody, hirsute, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, elliptic, broadly elliptic to oblong, 24–56 × 17–29 mm, margin dentate to crenate, 6–16 teeth per side, teeth 0.5–3.3 mm long; apex acute to obtuse, sometimes short-acuminate, base rounded; coriaceous, pilose with non-glandular trichomes. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 0.8–3.3 × 1 mm. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, obovate to ovate, 8–25 × 3–20 mm, margin dentate, up to 7 teeth per side, teeth 0.5–2 mm long, apex acute, base rounded. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 4.3–13 × 3.9–6 mm, lobes triangular, 2.6–7 × 1.1–4.4 mm, margin entire, apex acute, pubescent with non-glandular trichomes. Corolla tubular, 27–54 × 6–10 mm, upper lip 14–30 mm long, lower lip 7–24 × 2 mm, lobes 1.1–3.3 × 0.9 mm; pink or red, pubescent to shortly hirsute, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair 35–38 mm long, anthers ca. 3.4 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 37–47 mm long. Stigma capitate, 1–1.4 × 0.9 mm. Capsule ovoid, 8.3–9.8 × 5.4–6 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The epithet honors Sergio Avendaño-Reyes, a Mexican botanist. Distribution and Ecology: —The species is restricted to tropical deciduous forests, oak, and pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental at elevations from 1325 to 2450 m. It is distributed in the states of Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, and Zacatecas (Fig. 4E). Associated with Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega 1798: 66) Sargent (1892: 29), Acacia angustissima (Miller 1768: s.n.) Kuntze (1898: 47), Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schlechtendal (1838: 491–492), Calliandra houstoniana (Miller 1768: s.n.) Standley (1922: 386), and Bursera Jacquin ex Linnaeus (1762: 471) spp. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting from July to October. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Durango: El Salto, Pie de Cuesta 4 km al S de Pueblo Nuevo, 1860 m, 02 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6169 (MEXU!, US!); Mezquital, Aprox. 4 km de La Guajolota, 11 September 1985, Solís 257 (MEXU!); Pueblo Nuevo, La Yerbabuena, comunidad San Bernardino de Milpillas, 2280 m, 26 September 1981, Pérez 797 (ENCB!); Toyaltita, Carboneras 54 km al SW de San Miguel de Cruces, brecha a Toyaltita, 1800 m, 06 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6246 (MEXU!, US!). Jalisco: Bolaños, cañada 1.5 km al O de Las Berenjenas, 2 a 3 km al W de Las Berenjenas o de 7 a 8 km al W del crucero, 1800–2000 m, 02 July 1996, Calónico-Soto & Flores-Franco 2470 (IBUG!, MEXU!); camino crucero de Banderitas-Tuxpan de Bolaños, Sierra de Bolaños, 2450 m, 06 July 1996, Calónico-Soto & Flores-Franco 2505 (MEXU!, IBUG!), 29 October 2020, Ortiz-Brunel et al. 995, 996 (IBUG!). Nayarit: El Nayar, Arroyo de La Taberna northwest of Mesa del Nayar, 1325 m, 13 August 1980, Breedlove & Almeda 45556 (MEXU!). Zacatecas: [ Valparaíso] 31 km al NE de Jesús María, camino Jesús María-Huejuquilla, 1430 m, 27 July 1990, FloresFranco et al. 2103 (MEXU!); 50 km al NE de Jesús María, carr. a Huejuquilla, 2000–2230 m, 13 September 1989, Tenorio & Flores-Franco 16022 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ortega, C. G. (1798) Noviarum, aut Rariorum, Plantarum Horti Reg. Botan. Matrit. Descriptionum Decades, cum nonnullarum iconibus.; Decas quinta, et sexta. Ex Typographia Ibarriana, Matriti, 80 pp.","Sargent, C. S. (1892) Eysenhardtia. The Silva of North America 3: 29 - 32.","Miller, P. (1768) The Gardeners Dictionary: eighth edition. John & Francis Rivington, London, 1344 pp.","Kuntze, C. E. O. (1898) Revisio Generum Plantarum 3. A. Felix, Leipzig, 555 pp.","Schlechtendal, D. (1838) Vorlaufige Nachricht uber mexicanischen Coniferen, vom Herausgeber. Linnaea 12: 486 - 496.","Standley, P. C. (1922) Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 (2): 171 - 515.","Linnaeus, C. (1762) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 2. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 784 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11179"]}

9. Lamourouxia jaliscana Ernst & Baad. Madroño 20: 344. 1970[1971]. Type:— MEXICO. Jalisco: Sierra de Caule [Cuale], Southwest of Talpa de Allende, Southwest of Piedra Rajada, 1800–2250 m, 19–21 November 1952, R. McVaugh & J. Sooby Jr. 14250 (Holotype: MICH1108006!) Figure 8 A–C. Sub-shrubs up to 1.5 m tall, stems branched along the plant, probably reclining, woody, glabrescent non-glandular. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petioles up to 1.5 mm, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 50–80 × 6–10 mm, margin serrate, 10–22 teeth each side, teeth 0.5–1.5 mm long, apex acute very attenuate, base attenuate; possibly membranous, pubescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 5–8 mm long, one bract per flower. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, 13.4–26.6 × 1.5–2.6 mm, margin dentate, 4–11 teeth per side, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 14–16 × 5 mm, four-lobed, lobes narrowly subulate, 10–12 × 2–3.7 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glandular-pubescent. Corolla tubular, 56–63 × 9–10, bilabiate, upper lip 14–27 mm long, lower lip 19.6–27 × 3.2–3.4 mm, apex three-lobed, lobes 4.3–9 × 0.7–1.6 mm; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments not seen, anthers 4.3–4.9 mm long. Style 55–65 mm long. Fruit a capsule, ovoid, 12–13 × 7–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species is dedicated to the state of Jalisco, where the species was collected. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is endemic from Mexico and is only known from the state of Jalisco (Fig. 8C). Lamourouxia jaliscana is exclusive from the northern portion of the Sierra Madre del Sur province. The holotype reports it was collected in a pine forest between 1700 and 2250 m. The second known specimen has the annotation of “headwaters of the branch of Rio de Talpa (Talpa River) ”. Phenology: —Flowers of two known specimens were collected in November. Fruits are unknown. Notes: —The species was searched in November 2019, but it was not found. The type locality is a remote site at the summit of one of the mountains surrounding the municipality of Talpa, Jalisco. The flowering season coincides with the hurricane season in the Pacific Ocean, where unpaved roads are considerably damaged by the rain making the access difficult. It is recommended the use of 4×4 vehicles or specialized equipment to carry out long botanical expeditions in quest of Lamourouxia jaliscana. Representative specimens:— MEXICO. Jalisco: Talpa de Allende, Sierra de Caule [Cuale], southwest of Talpa de Allende, southwest of Piedra Rajada, 1800–2250 m, 19–21 November 1952, R. McVaugh & J. Sooby Jr. 14250 (MICH!); 11–12 miles south of Talpa de Allende, headwaters of west branch of Rio de Talpa, 1200–1700 m, 23–25 November 1960, McVaugh et al. 21325 (MICH!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060

10. Lamourouxia longiflora Bentham. Pl. Hartw. 22. 1839. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. In Mexico pr. Bolanos [Bolaños], K.T. Hartweg 188 (Lectotype: K000533733!; isolectotypes: BM000953406!, E00259257!, F [IRN:219876 photo!], GH00078579!, K000533734!, LD1216227!, P02976350!) = Lamourouxia hyssopifolia Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 404. 1886. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Chihuahua: at the Frailes in the mountains above Batopilas, E. Palmer 260 (Lectotype: GH00078576!; isolectotypes: BM000953405!, K000533732!, MEXU00031627!, NY00090605!, PH00016831!, US 00125701!, US00125702!). = Lamourouxia longiflora var. hyssopifolia (Gray) Reveal & Hess. Phytologia 25(3): 106. 1973. Basionym: L. hyssopifolia Gray. Figure 8 D–F. Herbs up to 150 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect or reclining, woody, glabrescent non-glandular. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to oblanceolate, 28–56 × 3–7 mm, margin entire or rarely 1–3 lobed, revolute, lobes 1–3 mm long; apex mucronulate, base attenuate; membranous, glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 2–5 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, 18–37 × 1.8–4 mm, margin entire, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 7–13 × 3–5 mm, lobes triangular to linear, 1.8–8 × 1–1.5 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrous. Corolla funnelform, 26–56 × 6–13 mm, upper lip 6–16 mm long, lower lip 15–20 × 1.2–2.7 mm, lobes 2–4.8 × 0.7–1.5 mm; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments 30.5–34.1 mm long, anthers 3.6–5.2 mm long. Style 25.4–43.4 mm long. Stigma bilobed, 0.7–0.8 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 7–1.3 × 5–7.5 mm, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of the species refers to its elongated flowers. Common name:— Huavuu pixa’ (Cora language). Distribution and habitat: — Lamourouxia longiflora is an endemic species to Mexico. The species can be found in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, and Zacatecas in western and northern Mexico (Fig. 8F). This taxon is reported in pine (Pinus lumholtzii Robinson & Fernald (1895: 122) and oak forests at 1920–2590 m. Phenology: —The flowering and fruiting season of Lamourouxia longiflora is from July to January. Collections were made principally from September to November. Nomenclatural notes and discussion: —The name Lamourouxia longiflora was published by Bentham (1839) with no reference to the type collection. Later, Bentham (1846: 540) reviewed the species of Lamourouxia and included the specimen Hartweg 188 without herbarium indication. The treatment of Ernst (1972) listed four type specimens distributed in BM, GH, K, and W. The revision of the type collection recovered six duplicates of the referred collection, of which, was selected as lectotype one specimen in K, with the best representation of the diagnostic characters defining the species. Also, a photograph of one specimen of W is stored in F (Grant & Niezgoda 2020b). Lamourouxia hyssopifolia was published by Gray (1886) based on the specimen Palmer 260 with no data of herbarium location. Later, Ernst (1972) cited five type specimens. For typification purposes, of the specimens available online, the specimen in GH possesses elongated and filiform calyx lobes and ventricose and short corollas as indicated in the protologue, was selected as a lectotype. Lamourouxia hyssopifolia was established by Reveal & Hess (1973) as a variety of L. longiflora. It was established based on three revised collections; one of them (with 30 duplicates) was performed by the same authors.After reviewing specimens from several herbaria for this treatment, the pattern of characters and measures belonging to this variety was not consistent, and it is considered a synonym. Few specimens do not exhibit “common” features such narrowly linear leaves, or lobed leaves, but the reduced number of specimens does not allow establishing distinct varieties. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chihuahua: Steep slope on edge of barranca 61 km S of Creel along road to Guachochic, 31 August 1984, Breedlove 61265 (MEXU!). Durango: Steep slopes at base of Espinosa del Diablo 4 km NW of Los Angeles along road between Mazatlan and Durango, 08 October 1983, Breedlove 35740 (ENCB!); Mezquital, 48 km west northwest of Huejuquilla El Alto, Jalisco on road to Canoas, Durango, 21 October 1983, Breedlove & Almeda 59029 (MEXU!); Santiago Papasquiaro, 20 air km WNW Santiago Papasquiaro, 3.3 mi by Topia rd. N of crest of Sierra from jct. with rd. to antenna, 25 August 1983, Corral & Worthington 11389 (COLO!); Mezquital, 19 km al SW de Charcos, camino a Santa María Ocotán, 2250 m, 05 October 1983, Fernández 1833 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Along the dirt road between Hidalgo del Parral and El Vergel, about 56 miles west of Parral and 20.6 miles west of Ojito, 14 September 1972, Reveal & Hess 3086 (ASU, COLO, MEXU!); along Mexico Highway 40, about 98.5 miles west of Durango and 103.5 miles east of Mazatlan, 0.9 mile west of La Ermita on el Espinazo del Diablo, 8.4 miles west of La Ciudad, 26 September 1973, Reveal & Atwood 3516 (MEXU!, US!); along Mexico Highway 40, about 98 miles east of Mazatlan and 104 miles west of Durango, 3.3 miles west of Los Bancos and 20.8 miles east of El Palmito, 27 September 1973, Reveal & Atwood 3560 (MEXU!, US!); El Salto, 3 km al E del poblado, La Ciudad, 2300 m, 09 July 1982, Tenorio & Romero 914 (MEXU!, MO); El Salto, Mesa de San Francisco a 24 km, al SE de El Salto, 2430 m, 10 September 1983, Tenorio et al. 4290 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Jalisco: Bolaños, Cerro del Gallo, predio “Las Berenjenas”, a 10 km al NO de Bolaños, 2000 m, 23 November 2002, Domínguez 7 (MEXU!), 29 November 2002, Roldán 37 (MEXU!); Bolaños, 5–8 km al SW del Crucero Tuxpan de Bolaños-Los Amoles, 2000 m, 28 September 1996, Flores-Franco & Soto 4757 (MEXU!); Bolaños, camino crucero de Banderitas-Tuxpan de Bolaños, Sierra de Bolaños, 31 October 2020, Ortiz-Brunel et al. 1021 (IBUG!). Zacatecas: Benito Juárez, Arroyo Las Ciruelillas, ca. 2.5 km en línea recta al SE de Los Campos, 2150 m, 16 January 2015, Carrillo-Reyes et al. 7635 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Robinson, B. L. & Fernald, M. L. (1895) New plants collected by Messrs. C. V. Hartman and C. E. Lloyd upon an archaeological expedition to Northwestern Mexico under the direction of Dr. Carl Lumholtz. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 30: 114 - 123.","Bentham, G. (1839) Plantas Hartwegianas imprimis Mexicanas. G. Pamplin, Londini, 393 pp.","Bentham, G. (1846) Lamourouxia. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 10: 539 - 542.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Grant, S. & Niezgoda, C. (2020 b) Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) Seed Plant Collection. Version 11.12. Field Museum. https: // doi. org / 10.15468 / nxnqzf","Gray, A. (1886) Contributions to American Botany. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 21: 363 - 413.","Reveal, J. L. & Hess, W. J. (1973) A new combination in Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae). Phytologia 25 (3): 105 - 106."]}

23. Lamourouxia tenuifolia Martens & Galeotti. Bull.Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(2): 32. 1845. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO, dans les bois de regions tempérees froides de la cordillère orientale d’Oaxaca (San Andreas, Roayaga, etc.), 6000 pieds, 1840, H. Galeotti 992 (Lectotype: BR0000005423712!; isolectotypes: F [IRN:219879 photo!], G00356750!) = Lamourouxia conzatti Greenman. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 35(16): 312. 1900. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cerro de Pápalo, camino de Cheve, Cuicatlan, 2500 m, 16–22 June 1898, V. González & C. Conzatti 760 (Lectotype: GH00022184!; isolectotypes: GH00022183!, US362792!, VT UVMVT026734!). Figure 14 F–H. Herbs up to ca. 100 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, glabrous or glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves opposite, sessile, linear to narrowly lanceolate or subulate, 10–32 × 1–1.3 mm, margin minutely serrate, 6–10 teeth per side, teeth up to 1 mm long: apex acute, base truncate; apparently membranous, glabrous to glabrescent, nonglandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 3.8–7.3 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear, 5–22 × 1.5 mm, margin generally entire, rarely serrate with three small teeth, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 5.8–12.2 × 4–6 mm, lobes triangular, 3–7.2 × 0.6–2.6 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrescent, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 45–55 × 9–13 mm, upper lip 11–19 × 9–13 mm, lower lip 5–12 × 5–10 mm, lobes 2–3 mm long; red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments not seen. Style 40–45 mm long, stigma bilobed, 1.6 × 0.7 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 8.4–12 × 5–8 mm. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The epithet of the species means thin leaves. Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia tenuifolia is endemic from the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca (Fig. 14H). The species inhabit oak forest and pine-oak forests at elevations from 1500 to 2931 m. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting seasons extend from January to October. Nomenclatural notes: — Lamourouxia tenuifolia was described by Martens & Galeotti (1845) citing the specimen Galeotti 992 with no herbarium. Robinson & Greenman (1895) mentioned that the species was collected by Galeotti, but no collection number was given. Ernst (1972) cited duplicates in BR, G, and W as “type specimens” omitting the corresponding lectotypification. Specimen in W was not located in the online database of this herbarium. Here, the specimen in BR was designated as lectotype because it is the best conserved, having a larger amount of leaves and two mature flowers, against few leaves and one mature flower and two immature flowers and two floral buds. Lamourouxia tenuifolia was described originally by Greenman (1900) citing two collections: V. González & C. Conzatti 760, and C. Conzatti 965. It was selected as lectotype the first collection due to it being the only with online access in GBIF for future consults. No data was found of the latter. Of the lectotype there are three specimens, having the GH00022184! specimen the largest flowers and largest amount of leaves. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Guerrero: Acatepec, along the Milpillas-Atoyac road via Puerto del Gallo about 56.5 miles southwest of Mexico Highway 95, about 19.5 miles southwest of Carrazal del Bravo and 3 miles north of Yerba Santa, 17 October 1975, Reveal et al. 4275 (MEXU!, US!). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, on road to San Vicente S of Omiltemi, 18 October 1984, Breedlove 61868 (MEXU!). Oaxaca: Comaltepec, S. de Comaltepec, 11 September 1988, López & Martin 272 (MEXU!, MO). Ixtlán de Juárez, June 1906, Conzatti s.n. (ENCB!). San Ildefonso Villa Alta, Cerro de Yalina, June 1899, Conzatti s.n. (GH!); Villa Alta, April 1949, Paray 122 (MEXU!). San Juan Quiotepec, Santa María Totomoxtla, a 1 km del crucero o a 5 km del pueblo, 2931 m, 19 June 2002, Torres-Colín 16459 (MEXU!). Santiago Laxopa, June 1842, Liebmann 9393 (L!, US!). Santiago Xiacuí, 9 east of Calpulalpam, 12 September 1980, Martin 161 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO). Along trail from San Pedro Nolasco to Llano Verde, 2000–2200 m, 22 July 1973, McPherson 812 (ENCB!); on mountains ridges between Teotitlán del Camino & Huautla de Jiménez, 08 July 1972, Webster et al. 17278 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Martens, M. & Galeotti, H. G. (1845) Enumeratio synoptica plantarum phanerogamicarum ab Henrico Galeotti in regionibus Mexicanis collectarum. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-lettres de Bruxelles 12: 15 - 36.","Robinson, B. J. & Greenman, J. M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus Lamourouxia. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, 50: 169 - 174.","Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Greenman, J. M. (1900) New species and varieties of Mexican plants. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 35 (16): 307 - 315."]}

25. Lamourouxia xalapensis Kunth. Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 338–339. 1818. Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 42):— MEXICO, Crescit in declivitate orientali montium Mexicanorum prope urbem Xalapa, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland s.n. (Lectotype: P00670479!) = Lamourouxia spathacea Bentham. Prodr. 10: 539. 1846. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO, Pic d’Orizaba, 1838, J.J. Linden 226 pro parte (Lectotype: K000533716!; isolectotype: MICH1108007!). = Lamourouxia parviflora Bentham ex Hemsley. Biol. Centr. - Amer., Bot. 2(12): 465. 1882. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. no date, Tate s.n. (Lectotype: K000533719!). = Lamourouxia exserta Robinson & Greenman. Amer. J. Sci., ser. 4 50(296): 171. 1895. Lectotype designated here:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Rich ravines, Sierra de Clavellinas, 9000 ft, 18 October 1894, C.G. Pringle 4995 (Lectotype: MEXU00031628!; isolectotypes: BR0000005423385!, CAS0003143!, CM260460!, E00394557!, ENCB0003596!, G00356746!, GH00078571!, GOET011027!, JE00019792!, K000533721!, MSC0092236!, MIN1359268!, MO-1458734!, NY90604!, RSA0006027!, US 00125699!, US01095129!). Figure 16 A–E. Shrubs or sub-shrubs up to 400 cm long, stems branched along the plant, reclining or prostrate, woody, glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, stipulate, stipules 3–7 mm long, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 16–63 × 3–20 mm, margin serrate, 13–30 teeth per side, teeth 0.4–1 mm long; apex acute, base cuneate. Inflorescence a raceme with inverted flowers, arching forward, pedicels thin, sometimes curved or helicoidal, 2–12 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, lanceolate to narrowly rhomboid, 18–39 × 7–14 mm, margin serrate, apex acute, base attenuate. Calyx tubular without dots on the surface, 10–21 × 4–6 mm, lobes triangular to lanceolate, 1.5–7 × 1.5–2 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse, glabrous. Corolla funnelform, slightly curved, 28–48 × 5–11 mm, upper lip 7–16 mm long, lower lip 5–12 mm long, lobes 4–5 × 0.3–1 mm; orange to red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments 24– 44 mm long, anthers 3 mm long. Styles up to 60 mm long, stigma bilobed. Capsule ovoid, 9–16 × 4–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds square to rectangular, 2–3 × 0.2 mm with reticulate coat. Etymology: —The name of the species refers to the city of Xalapa, Mexico. Common name: —Chupamiel de montaña. Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia xalapensis is distributed in Mexico and Guatemala. In Mexico the species inhabits the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz. It was also reported for the state of Tlaxcala in the platform iNaturalist (www.naturalista.mx/ observations/2473294), but no herbarium specimens were found (Fig. 16A). The species is commonly found in cloud forests (Pinus, Alnus, Liquidambar styraciflua, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon), the edge of roads in pine and oak forests (Pinus pseudostrobus with Quercus laurina), pine forests (P. pseudostrobus), and deciduous forests at elevations from 1320 to 3300 m. Phenology: —The flowering season spreads from June to April, most collections were made from September to January. Fruits were generally collected in winter and spring. Nomenclatural notes: — Lamourouxia spathacea was originally described by Bentham (1846) citing two collections: Galeotti 1007 bis, and Linden 226. The collection Galeotti 1007 bis is not to be confused with Galeotti 1007, which is the lectotype of L. linearis, a synonym of L. dasyantha. To avoid nomenclatural confusion with the Galeotti’s collections, it was selected as lectotype the collection Linden 226. Regarding Linden 226, the plants of the lectotype (K000533716!) and isolectotype (MICH1108007!) belong to L. spathacea. The same collection includes a plant of Sisyrinchium scabrum Schlechtendal & Chamisso (1831: 57) (labeled with barcode K000363140!). The latter plant shares a gathering on the same sheet with other specimens of S. scabrum from different collectors (labeled with barcodes K000363137!, K000363138!, and K000363139!). For this reason, the duplicate K000363140! of Linden 226, can not be considered as isolectotype. Lamourouxia exserta was described by Robinson & Greenman (1895) including five collections: Bourgeau 986, Schaffner 367, Pringle 4995, Nelson 2216, and Nelson 2261, all with many duplicates. Ernst (1972) cited the same collections no lectotypifing and designing a lectotype. Here, the collection Pringle 4995 was selected as lectotype by having more specimens worldwide distributed. Lamourouxia parviflora was described by Hemsley (1882) with two collections: Mairet 56 and Tate 31 in K. Both specimens are stems with mature leaves and floral buds. Tate 31 was selected as lectotype because it has small fragments of calyx and flowers contained in the paper envelope of the specimen. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Chiapas: San Cristobal de las Casas, east side of Zonthehuitz near summit, 2800 m, 08 November 1971, Breedlove & Smith 22045 (ENCB!). Estado de México: Amecameca, cañada del Cerro Venacho, 8 km al E de Amecameca, 3000 m, 23 December 1976, García 271 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MO); carretera al Paso de Cortés, 13 km al E del entronque con la carretera Amecameca-Cuautla, Mor. 9.5 km al SE de Amecameca, 3120 m, 03 December 1976, Koch 76305 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO); 12 km al E de Amecameca, Rojas 132 (ENCB!). Atautla, km 75 de la carretera a Tlamacas, en las faldas del Popocatépetl, 2800 m, 22 November 1964, Rzedowski 19167 (MEXU!). Donato Guerra, Camino a Llano Redondo, ejido San Juan Xoconuxco, 2500 m, 26 December 2005, Cornejo-Tenorio et al. 1728 (MEXU!). Ocuilán, Laguna de Zempoala, 2955 m, 01 November 1987, Castañeda-Robles 885 (MEXU!); carr. Zempoala-Huitzilac km 4–11, 2890 m, 01 December 1987, Castañeda-Robles 991 (MEXU!). San José Villa de Allende, a 2.3 km al NE de Mesas Altas de Xoconusco, 2582 m, 05 November 14592, D. Álvarez 14592 (MEXU!, MO). Tlalmanalco, 4 km al E de San Rafael, 2750 m, 27 October 1974, Rzedowski 32459 (ENCB!, MEXU!); Colonia de San Rafael, 2700 m, 20 November 1980, A. Ventura 3777 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Guanajuato: Dolores Hidalgo, 13 km al ENE de Guanajuato, 2350 m, 07 September 1987, Galván & Galván 2783 (ENCB!). Guerrero: Atoyac de Álvarez, 2 km al NE del campamento El Gallo, estribaciones suroccidentales del Cerro Teotepec, 2650 m, 27–29 January 1965, Rzedowski & McVaugh 131 (ENCB!). Chichihualco, Asoleadero, about 15 km west of Camotla, 2650 m, 02 December 1963, Feddema 2860 (ENCB!). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, eastern slopes of Cerro Alquitrán, 5–7 km west-southwest of Mazatlán, 2540 m, 11 February 1970, W.R.Anderson & C. Anderson 5723 (ENCB!); Cerro Alquitrán, cerca de Mazatlán, 2600 m, 06 December 1966, Rzedowski 23669 (ENCB!). General Heliodoro Castillo, NE side of Cerro Teotepec along the road from Filo del Caballo to Puerto El Gallo, 2590 m, 20 October 1984, Breedlove 61930 (MEXU!); La Guitarra, 6.26 km al SO, camino a Puerto del Gallo, 3100 m, 01 November 1998, Cruz 3470 (MEXU!); 2 km al N de El Jilguero, 2610 m, 16 January 1999, Cruz 3538 (MEXU!). Leonardo Bravo, Puerto Soleare, aproximadamente 7 km delante de Carrizal de Bravo, 2550 m, 11 March 1998, Fonseca 2447A (MEXU!); 14 km al SE de Balsamar, Soto 7407 (MEXU!). Malinaltepec, Ojo de Agua de Cuauhtemoc, 26 December 2012, Cándido 125 (IBUG!). Metlatónoc, Xatu Yahta, al W de Coicoyán, terreno de Atzompa, 2700 m, 13 February 1988, Ávila 204 (MEXU!). Tlacotepec de Mejía, Cerro Teotepec, 40 km north of Coyuca de Benitez, 3200–3500 m, 05 December 1963, Feddema 2930 (ENCB!, MO); 19.5 km al NE de Puerto del Gallo, camino Atoyac-Filo de Caballo, 2900 m, 23 November 1983, Martínez & Barrie 5635 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!, XAL!); a 30 km al NE de Puerto del Gallo, camino Atoyac-Filo de Caballo, 2650 m, 23 November 1983, Martínez & Barrie 5667 (MEXU!, MO); Camino Filo de Caballo-Atoyac, 79 km al SO Filo de Caballo (22 km al SO de Higueros), 3080 m, 19 October 1982, Koch & Fryxell 82121 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Hidalgo: Tenango de Doria, 13 km al SSO, 2150 m, 19 November 1982, Acosta & Barrios 256 (MEXU!, ENCB!); camino de Tenango a Metepec, a 2 km al S, 1760 m, 10 November 1985, Lorence & HernándezMagaña 4934 (MEXU!, MO). Tianguistengo, 2 km al oeste, 1700 m, 08 November 1980, Hernández 5375 (MEXU!, US!); 5 km al oeste, 2000 m, 21 December 1981, Hernández-Magaña 6903 (MEXU!). Jalisco: Ciudad Guzmán, ladera de exposición N del Nevado de Colima, 3000 m, 14 October 1984, R. González s.n. (XAL!). Jocotepec, Cerro Viejo, paraje denominado el Chiflón, subiendo por la Barranca de Agua Fría frente a Zapotitlán de Hidalgo, 2600 m, 05 March 1989, Cházaro et al. 5867 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!, XAL!), 2780 m, 25 March 1990, Machuca 6265 (IBUG!). Tuxpan, Parque Nacional Nevado de Colima, brecha El Fresnito-El Nevado km 10, 2856 m, 16 November 2013, Quintero et al. 370 (IBUG!); 8 km al SO del Rancho Las Milanés, brecha al Parque Nacional El Nevado, 2510 m, 20 January 1990, Villa et al. 550 (IBUG!). Venustiano Carranza, Nevado de Colima, al NW de la microonda Las Víboras, 3000 m, 29 January 2006, Cházaro & Vázquez-García 8561 (IBUG!, MEXU!; XAL!). Villa de Purificación, predio Villas de Cacoma, 1362 m, 06 November 2009, Morales et al. 104 (IBUG!). Zapotitlán de Vadillo, subida al Parque Nacional Nevado de Colima, 3363 m, October 2008, J. González 207 (MEXU!). Michoacán: Angangueo, 2 km al SE, camino a El Rosario, 2700 m, 12 January 1984, Soto 6927 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Hidalgo, Mesa del Bosque, 2830 m, 13 December 2002, Madrigal et al. 67 (MEXU!); parte baja del cerro San Andrés, 3000 m, 05 November 2010, Aguilar & Zamudio 261 (MEXU!, XAL!). Queréndaro, alrededores del Puerto de Los Morillos, 2750 m, 07 December 1991, Rzedowski 51370 (IBUG!, MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Zinapécuaro, Laguna Los Azufres, 2900 m, 06 December 1986, Zamudio 5102 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!). Zitácuaro, 2.58 km al S del Llano Chivatl-Huacal, en comunidad indígena Carpinteros, 2770 m, 18 November 2004, D. Álvarez et al. 14701 (MEXU!); El Agua, Cerro El Cacique, 2840 m, 19 December 1978, Ibarra 270 (MEXU!). Morelos: Cuernavaca, La Pera, autopista MéxicoCuernavaca, 06 November 1980, Terán 462 (ENCB!). Oaxaca: Atoyac de Álvarez, 16.5 km al E de Nueva Delhi, la cual se encuentra a 84.6 km al E de Atoyac en el camino Atoyac-Puerto Gallo, 01 December 1985, Torres-Colín & Ramamoorthy 7776 (MEXU!). Calpulalpam de Méndez, noroeste del Río Natividad, brecha de Los Embudos, 2370 m, 01 October 2002, Figueroa & Guzmán 317 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Ixtlán de Juárez, mountains north of Ixtlan de Juarez, near road to Tuxtepec, 11 January 1970, Anderson & Anderson 5425 (ENCB!); Cerro Pelón, 43 km al W de Ixtlán, carretera Oaxaca-Tuxtepec, Campos et al. 5116 (MEXU!). Mazatlán Villa de Flores, San Pedro de los Encinos, 2328 m, 22 November 2001, Munn & Mendoza 1664 (XAL!). Mixistlán de la Reforma, 30 km al S de Totontepec, 2600 m, 10 November 1983, García-Mendoza et al. 1295 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). San Andrés Chicahuaxtla, near Chicahuaxtla, about 35 km southwest of Tlaxiaco, 07 February 1965, McVaugh 22322 (ENCB!). San Bartolomé Quialana, alrededores del mirador, en la parte más alta del cerro Yuubidan a 4 km de la población, 2850 m, 23 November 2014, AragónParada 931 (MEXU!); vereda que va hacia la segunda montaña hacia el paraje El Pocito al SO del municipio, 2307 m, 02 January 2014, Aragón-Parada 1003 (MEXU!); Cerro Yuubidan (Picacho), parte media del cerro, 3.5 km en línea recta al S de San Bartolomé Quialana, 2510 m, 25 January 2014, Carrillo-Reyes et al. 7216 (IBUG!). San Felipe Usila, 8 km en línea recta al S de Santa Cruz Tepetotutla, 2250 m, 20 November 1993, Gallardo et al. 816 (ENCB!, MO, XAL!), 2410 m, 21 December 1993, Gallardo et al. 866 (MEXU!). San Jerónimo Coatlán, 27.8 km al SE de C. de Honduras, brecha a San Jerónimo Coatlán, 2200 m, 28 November 1990, Campos 3416 (MEXU!). San Martín Peras, 25.5 km al SO de Tecomaxtlahuaca carr. a Coycoyan de las Flores, o 1 km de la desviación a San Juan Piñas, 2690 m, 06 Febrero 1993, Campos & Calzada 4931 (MEXU!, MO); después de la desviación a Zochiquilazala y antes de la Y a San Martín Peras y Coycoyán, 2740 m, 06 February 1993, Cházaro et al. 7095 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!). San Pablo Macuiltianguis, a 10 km de la entrada por la Puerta del Sol, 2600 m, 05 November 1978, Calzada 4893 (MEXU!, XAL!). Santa María Teopoxco, near Plan de Guadalupe, 35 km west of Huautla on road to Teotitlán, 2200 m, 17 January 1984, Solheim & Reisfield 1387 (MEXU!, XAL!). Santa María Zacatepec, 4 km al NE de la desviación a Zacatepec, 2410 m, 25 October 1987, Torres-Colín & Cortés 10285 (MEXU!, MO); Zacatepec, subida al Cerro Zempoaltepetl por el crucero a Zacatepec, 18 September 1988, Torres-Colín & Martínez 12469 (MEXU!). Santiago Comaltepec, Comaltepec, 18 April 1970, MacDougall s.n. (ENCB!); below Humo Chico, approximately 0.5 km along longging road which goes from highway 175 to Las Cascadas, 2400 m, 30 November 1991, Boyle & Boyle 702 (MEXU!); a 5 km del cerro Humo Chico, carr. a Ixtlán a Valle Nacional, 26 September 1982, Cedillo & Torres 1872 (MEXU!); 4.6 km al N del mirador, brecha 60 a la cascada o 5 km al N de Humo Chico, 26 August 1986, Torres-Colín & Cortés 8687 (MEXU!, MO, XAL!). Santiago Juxtlahuaca, más o menos 3 km de la desviación a San Martín Peras, camino a Coicoyán de las Flores, 2300–2450 m, 19 December 1994, Carranza 4844 (ENCB!; XAL!). Santiago Macuiltianguis, 4 km al N de Machín, desviación a Comaltepec hacia el camino a Valle Nacional, 1 km al S de Yalax, 26 September 1982, Cedillo & Torres-Colín 1860 (MEXU!, XAL!). Santiago Tetepec, ca. 2 mi N of Cerro Pelón, 3000 m, 30 September 1975, Webster et al. 20287 (MEXU!). Totontepec Villa de Morelos, 1900 m, 05 October 1986, Rivera 472 (MEXU!); Río Toro, a 3 km al N de Totontepec, 1860 m, 25 June 1986, Ramírez & Ramírez 293 (MEXU!), 20 December 1987, Ramírez 659 (MEXU!); 4 km al NW hacia Mitla, 2000 m, 15 December 1985, Torres-Colín et al. 7981 (MEXU!); 2 km al NO de la desviación a Villa Alta, la cual está 8 km al S de Totontepec, 2360 m, 18 January 1986, Torres-Colín & García-Mendoza 8123 (MEXU!, MO); rumbo a Villa Alta, 16 km al O de Totontepec, 1860 m, 14 September 1986, Ramirez & Ramírez 509 (MEXU!); 13 km al N de la desviación a Villa Alta, camino a Villa Alta, 2120 m, 17 September 1988, Torres-Colín & Martínez 12423 (MEXU!); Tepitongo, 1700 m, 05 September 1987, Velasco & Martin 82 (MEXU!). Zimatlán de Álvarez, El Tlacuache, San Pedro El Alto, 2420 m, 23 November 1998, Miranda & Hernández 708 (ENCB!). Upper slopes of Sierra Juarez, 27 km N of Ixtlán on road to Tuxtepec, 2500 m, 16–17 September 1965, Roe & Roe 1969 (ENCB!); 25 km al S de La Esperanza, 01 October 1979, Téllez & Martínez 1062 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Puebla: Coyomeapan, paredones 4 km al SE, 2430 m, 28 September 1984, Tenorio 7516 (MEXU!). Tecamachalco, El Ocotal, 2320 m, 10 July 1972, F. Ventura 5706 (ENCB!, US!). Teziutlán, Arroyo Frío, 1450 m, 02 August 1980, F. Ventura 17652 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tlatlauquitepec, La Unión, 12 km al NE de Tlatlauquitepec, carr. a Mazatepec, 1670 m, 22 October 1987, Tenorio et al. 14267 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Zacapoaxtla, Puente Porfirio Díaz, 1.5 km al S de Zacapoaxtla, 1750 m, 18 November 1985, Tenorio et al. 10660 (MEXU!). Veracruz: Acatlán, La Presita, 1650 m, 18 December 1982, F. Ventura 19842 (ENCB!, XAL!). Altotonga, Champilico, 1800 m, 19 November 1969, F. Ventura 59 (ENCB!); Taxacasco, 1750 m, 20 November 1969, F. Ventura 78 (ENCB!). Atzalan, La Florida, 1720 m, 08 December 1971, F. Ventura 4655 (ENCB!). Camerino Z. Mendoza, Ciudad Mendoza, De Palo Verde a la Roca del Águila, 4–5 km al N de Ciudad Mendoza, 26 October 1997, Cházaro et al. 7759 (IBUG!). Chiconquiaco, Rincón Grande spot, 5 km SE of Chinconquiaco towards Buenavista, 1950 m, 29 December 1989, Cházaro et al. 6152 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!); ladera E de Cerro La Totola, 21 November 1988, Gutiérrez 3367 (XAL!). Coatepec, Loma Alta, 1900 m, 11 December 1993, Luna 936 (XAL!). Jalacingo, Ocotepec, 1750 m, 07 September 1977, F. Ventura 14431 (ENCB!, MO, XAL!). Naolinco, cascada de La Ermita, 1650 m, 07 November 2015, Cházaro 10866 (XAL!). Tonayán, Congregación de Ixtapán, en la Sierra de Chiconquiaco, 1600 m, 28 November 1975, Calzada 2122 (ENCB!, US!, XAL!). Xico, cañada a un lado de Buenavista, 2200 m, 25 December 1987, Cházaro et al. 5261 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!); fondo de la barranca El Caracol, 2200 m, 20 April 1983, Narave & Vázquez 422 (XAL!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Bentham, G. (1846) Lamourouxia. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 10: 539 - 542.","Schlechtendal, D. & Chamisso, A. (1831) Plantarum mexicanarum Schiede et Deppe collectarum. Linnaea 6: 352 - 384.","Robinson, B. J. & Greenman, J. M. (1895) A synoptic revision of the genus Lamourouxia. American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, 50: 169 - 174.","Hemsley, W. B. (1882) Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Vol. II. R. H. Porter & Dulau & Co., London, 576 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 730"]}

4. Lamourouxia colimae Ernst & Baad. Madroño 20: 342. 1970[1971]. Type:— MEXICO. Colima: mountain summits near pass. ca. 11 miles south-southwest of Colima on Manzanillo Road, 500 m, 21 September 1958, R. McVaugh, H.F. Loveland & R.W. Pippen 18077 (Holotype: MICH1108003!) Figure 5 D–F. Shrubs or sub-shrubs up to 170 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, glabrescent, non-glandular. Leaves sessile, elliptic to lanceolate or ovate, 9–26 × 3–10 mm, margin dentate generally in the upper half, 3–6 teeth per side, teeth ca. 2 mm; apex acute or obtuse, base attenuate; membranous, glabrous to glabrescent, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 3–4 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, oblong to lanceolate, 2.5–9.6 × 2.3–3.4 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse to truncate, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 6–8.1 × 4–5.6 mm, lobes lanceolate to broadly triangular, 4–6 × 1.5–2.3 mm, margin entire, apex acute, glabrous or microscopically papillate. Corolla tubular, 26–35 × 5.7–8.4 mm, upper lip 12–16.5 mm, lower lip 13–15 mm long, lobes 1–1.2 × 1 mm; red scarlet, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair ca. 32 mm long, anthers ca. 3 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style ca. 30 mm long. Stigma apparently bilobed, ca. 1 mm long. Capsule ovoid, 7–11 mm long, glabrous. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name colimae refers to the city of Colima, located in the homonym state, where the holotype of the species was collected. Distribution and Ecology: —This species is distributed in tropical deciduous forests, a rare type of vegetation for the genus, and at lower elevations than the typically known for Lamourouxia species, ranging from 450 to 500 m. Lamourouxia colimae is only known from two close localities, which are located at the summit of calcareous mountains near the city of Colima, Mexico (Fig. 5F), where the vegetation is dominated by diverse legumes (Bursera and Cnidoscolus Pohl (1827: 56–63) spp. The species is very rare and only two specimens are known, one of them is in Mexico (IBUG). Phenology: —The holotype collected in September 1958 possesses mature flowers and floral buds with absence of fruits. The second known specimen, collected in October 1984, shows mature infructescences with few deciduous corollas. Notes: — The species has not been collected in the last three decades, and two specimens were stored in herbaria from the United States during this taxonomic revision. The species was looked for at the type locality in 2019, but it was not found. Examined specimens:— MEXICO. Colima: 18 km al SE de Colima, carr. Colima a Manzanillo, 450 m, 31 October 1984, Santana & Cervantes 900 (IBUG!, MEXU!). [Coquimatlán] mountain summits near pass. ca. 11 miles south-southwest of Colima on Manzanillo Road, 500 m, 21 September 1958, McVaugh et al. 18077 (MICH!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Pohl, J. B. E. (1827) Plantarum Brasiliae Icones et Descriptiones. Vol. 1. Antonii Strauss, Vindobonae [Vienna], 149 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 451"]}

Morphological keys based on reproductive characters for Lamourouxia sections present in Mexico (adapted from Ernst 1972) 1. Stamens almost equal in shape and length raising the apex of the corolla; four anthers fertile and similar in size, connivent near the apex of the corolla or exserted........................................................................................................................... Section Lamourouxia - Stamens strongly unequal, one pair of filaments near the apex of the corolla and other pair shorter near the half of the length of the corolla; two large anthers fertile near the apex of the corolla, two smaller included anthers rudimentary, fertile or sterile, deeply included or absent...............................................................................................................................................................................2 2. Fertile anthers four, the smaller pair rarely sterile.............................................................................................. Section Hemispadon - Fertile anthers two, the smaller pair rarely fertile or absent................................................................................ Section Adelphidion Morphological keys based on vegetative and reproductive characters to the Lamourouxia species present in Mexico Section Adelphidion Section with four species with disjunct distribution. Two species distributed in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Two endemic species from central Mexico: 1. Leaves linear to subulate, margin entire or minutely incised; calyx with black or brown dots on surface; calyx lobes with margin entire................................................................................................................................................................................ L. dasyantha - Leaves ovate, margin dentate; calyx without dots on surface; calyx lobes with margin dentate................................ L. brachyantha Section Hemispadon Section with 15 species distributed from northern Mexico to Panama. 14 species are distributed in Mexico, 11 of them are endemic. 1. Plants with inflorescences reclined and inverted flowers.................................................................................................... L. barbata - Plants with inflorescences erect and flowers not inverted..................................................................................................................2 2. Calyx lobes with margin dentate............................................................................................................................... L. rhinanthifolia - Calyx lobes with margin entire...........................................................................................................................................................3 3. Leaves coriaceous or strongly coriaceous..........................................................................................................................................4 - Leaves membranous or papyraceous..................................................................................................................................................5 4. Leaves pilose, non-glandular........................................................................................................................................... L. avendanoi - Leaves glandular-tomentose................................................................................................................................................. L. viscosa 5. Leaves 29–38 mm width....................................................................................................................................................... L. smithii - Leaves 2–25 mm width......................................................................................................................................................................6 6. Pedicels claviform............................................................................................................................................................... L. gracilis - Pedicels slender..................................................................................................................................................................................7 7. Leaves with margin entire............................................................................................................................................. L. integerrima - Leaves with margin crenate to dentate or serrate...............................................................................................................................8 8. Calyx lobes 10–12 mm long; lobes of the lower lip of the corolla 4.3–9 mm long.......................................................... L. jaliscana - Calyx lobes 1–8.2 mm long; lobes of the lower lip of the corolla 1–4 mm long...............................................................................9 9. Calyx tubular....................................................................................................................................................................................10 - Calyx campanulate...........................................................................................................................................................................11 10. Leaves with base attenuate to cuneate, one type of bracts along inflorescence.................................................................. L. nelsonii - Leaves with base truncate, two types of bracts along inflorescence................................................................................... L. pacifica 11. Leaves 6–10 mm long.................................................................................................................................................. L. microphylla - Leaves 10–32 mm long....................................................................................................................................................................12 12. Corolla 26–35 mm long....................................................................................................................................................... L. colimae - Corolla 40–55 mm long....................................................................................................................................................................13 13. Leaves 3–8 mm width, two types of bracts along inflorescence........................................................................................... L. dispar - Leaves 1–1.3 mm width, one type of bracts along inflorescence..................................................................................... L. tenuifolia Section Lamourouxia Section with 12 species distributed from northern Mexico to Guatemala. 11 species distributed in Mexico, eight of them are endemic. 1. Plants with inflorescences reclined and inverted flowers...................................................................................................................2 - Plants with Inflorescences erect and flowers not inverted.................................................................................................................3 2. Bracts orbicular to broadly elliptic.......................................................................................................................................... L. ovata - Bracts lanceolate to narrowly rhomboid.......................................................................................................................... L. xalapensis 3. Leaves deeply divided....................................................................................................................................................... L. multifida - Leaves entire.......................................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Pedicels 9–21 mm long......................................................................................................................................................................5 - Pedicels 1–7 mm long........................................................................................................................................................................6 5. Stems woody, pedicels s-shaped, leaves lanceolate to elliptic...................................................................................... L. stenoglossa - Stems herbaceous, pedicels arching forward, leaves broadly ovate............................................................................... L. macrantha 6. Leaves 28–56 mm long, plants restricted to northwestern Mexico................................................................................. L. longiflora - Leaves 7–25 mm long, plants distributed in central and southern Mexico........................................................................................7 7. Leaves with margin entire o crenulate around the leaf.......................................................................................................................8 - Leaves with margin crenate or dentate only in the upper half of the leaf..........................................................................................9 8. Leaves and fruits hispidulous non-glandular....................................................................................................................... L. paneroi - Leaves glandular-pubescent and fruits glabrous................................................................................................................. L. pringlei 9. Bracts 4–10 mm long, calyx campanulate........................................................................................................................ L. parayana - Bracts 10–20 mm long, calyx tubular............................................................................................................................... L. zimapana, Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63."]}

20. Lamourouxia rhinanthifolia Kunth. Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 337. 1817[1818]). Lectotype designated by Ernst (1972: 51):— MEXICO, Crescit locis temperatis Novae Hispaniae prope pagos Magdalena, Actopan et Sancta Rosa de la Sierra, alt. 1040–1300 hex, A. Humboldt & A. Bonpland 4274 (Lectotype: P00670476!) Figure 13 D–H. Herbs up to 150 cm tall, stems frequently solitary or branched at base, rarely branched along the plant, herbaceous, pubescent, non-glandular, rarely glandular. Leaves sessile, elliptic to narrowly ovate, 14–52 × 6–28 mm, margin serrate to dentate, 6–21 teeth per side, teeth 1–2.5 mm long; apex obtuse, base rounded to auriculate; papyraceous to membranous, glandular-pubescent to scarcely hirsute. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 1–6 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, elliptic to ovate, 16–28 × 7–16 mm, margin dentate, 8–21 teeth per side, teeth 0.9–12 mm long, apex obtuse, base auriculate to rounded. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 7–12 × 6–11 mm, lobes triangular to ovate, 3.5–5.5 × 3–4.5 mm, margin dentate or irregularly lacerate, 1–3 teeth each side, teeth 1.2–1.8 mm long, apex acute, pubescent, non-glandular. Corolla tubular, 38–68 × 8–12 mm, upper lip 15–26 mm long, lower lip 17–19 mm long, lobes 3–4 mm long; light pink or orange to red, pubescent, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 2, filaments of lower pair 25–42 mm long, anthers 4 mm long, filaments of upper pair not seen. Style 36–55 mm, stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid, 9–13 × 6–8 mm. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of the species refers to the similitude with the leaves of Rhinanthus Linnaeus (1753: 603). Common name: —Guiêe-dzóng, guizh-guiêe-dzong (Oaxaca, Zapoteco language). Distribution and Ecology: —This species is endemic from Mexico. It is distributed in the states of Aguascalientes, Ciudad de México, Chihuahua, Durango, Guerrero, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Estado de México, Michoacán, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Sinaloa, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, and Zacatecas (Fig. 13H). The habitats of Lamourouxia rhinanthifolia are oak forests (with Cupressus Linnaeus (1753: 1002), pine forests (Pinus lumholtzii), pine and oak forests (P. engelmanii with Quercus durifolia Seemen in Loesener (1900: 95); Arbutus, Yucca, and Dasylirion spp.), grasslands, and is rare in cloud forests or riparian vegetation (with Platanus Linnaeus (1753: 999). The elevational range of the taxon is from 1470 to 2900 m. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting season from January to October. Examined specimens:— MEXICO. Aguascalientes: Asientos, Hacienda Gallardo, El Llavero, 2500 m, 29 July 2016, Cházaro 11011 (XAL!, XALU!). Ciudad de México: Álvaro Obregón, Parque Ecológico La Loma, 2450 m, 19 July 2004, Rivera-Hernández & Espinosa 3912 (MEXU!). Gustavo A. Madero, La Armella, a 1880 m LR en dirección SO del Picacho El Fraile, 2660 m, 15 June 2006, Espinosa & Rivera-Hernández 337 (MEXU!); km 16. Carr. México-Ajusco, 04 August 1987, Jiménez et al. s.n. (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tlalpan, 4 km al E de Ajusco, 23 July 1967, Aguirre 43 (ENCB!), 2730 m, 23 June 1968, Núñez 82 (ENCB!); Reserva del Pedregal de San Ángel, 2300 m, 21 May 1997, Carrizosa & Saavedra 148 (MEXU!); a 300 m SE LR de la casa UNAM, 2600 m, 23 August 2005, Espinosa et al. 142 (MEXU!); cerca del cerro Conejo, al ENE de Ajusco, 23 July 1967, López-Guazo s.n. (ENCB!); Pedregal de San Ángel, al sur del km 37 de la vía del ferrocarril, 2600 m, 02 July 1952, Rzedowski 1269 (ENCB!). Chihuahua: Balleza, Mex. Highway 24 (road to El Vergel), 103.5 (74 airline) km southwest of Hidalgo del Parral, at a pass, 2500 m, 02 September 1975, Holmgren & Lowrey 8051 (MEXU!). Durango: Canatlán, Ejido Hermenegildo Galeana, 2580 m, 17 September 1981, Pérez 850 (ENCB!). Durango, north slope of canyon of the Rio Chico, 18 miles west of Durango route #40, 24 July 1958, Correll & Johnston 20068 (ASU!, MEXU!); 19 km SW of Durango along Highway 40 to Mazatlan, 2200 m, 22 August 1975, G. Davidse & J. Davidse 10030 (MEXU!); Ejido San José de Ánimas, Cordón del Indio, 2170 m, 23 August 2001, García 4067 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); Otinapa road, along railroad tracks, 15.8 km from El Pino, 22.5 km airline km west of Durango, 2330 m, 03 September 1975, Holmgren & Lowrey 8056 (COLO!, MEXU!); 2.3 mi NE El Soldado by Mex 40 Hwy, 26 August 1965, Kral 25728 (ENCB!); along Rte 40, 8 mi E of Los Mimbres, 26 July 1972, McGill et al. P9427 (ENCB!). Mezquital, 24 km al SE del Troncón, sobre camino a Temoaya, 2350 m, 24 October 1982, Fernández 1202 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!, MEXU!); camino Agua Zarca-Temoaya, 11 August 1982, González 461 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!); 3.5 km de la Laguna del Chivo por el camino a San Antonio, 2140 m, 30 July 1986, González & Galván 2009 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); 1 km de Temoaya, por el camino a El Mezquital, 1350 m, 02 October 1984, González et al. 2971 (ENCB!); 5 km de El Mezquital por el camino a Guadalajara, 1700 m, 03 October 1984, González et al. 3092 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!). Pueblo Nuevo, 10 km northeast of El Palmito along Mexican highway 40, 2250 m, 05 August 1980, Breedlove & Almeda 45035 (ENCB!); El Salto, a 11 km de la desv. hacia San Miguel de Cruces, 2200 m, 06 July 1982, Hernández-Magaña & Tenorio 7705 (MEXU!); Ejido Adolfo Ruiz C., 2050 m, June 1992, Martínez 444 (MEXU!); Cerro Chupadero, 45 miles south of El Salto and just west of Pueblo Nuevo, 25 July 1955, Maysilles 8199 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); along Mexico Highway 40, about 78 miles west of Durango and 124 miles east of Mazatlan, 5.3 miles west of El Salto, 26 September 1973, Reveal & Atwood 3475 (MEXU!, US!); 7–8 miles west of Buenos Aires on Mazatlan-Durango road, 2700 m, 05 August 1959, Straw & Forman 1789 (MEXU!); El Salto, Borbollones, al W de La Ciudad, 2400 m, 01 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6110 (MEXU!); 60 km from Durango on road to Mazatlan, Hwy 40, 15 August 1965, Weber 37 (ENCB!, MEXU!). San Dimas, Las Bufas, El Maguey, 1800 m, 25 July 2000, Alvarado 18 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); km 11 camino a San Miguel de Cruces o a 11 km al N del entronque del camino Durango-Mazatlán-San Miguel de Cruces, 04 August 1987, Téllez et al. 10646 (MEXU!). Súchil, Cañada de Nana Juana, Rancho La Cebolla, 11 August 1985, González 3199 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); Mesa El Burro, Reserva de la Biosfera La Michilía, 2700 m, 18 September 1985, González 3226 (CIIDIR!, IBUG!); km 31.9 del camino Súchil-San Juan de Michis, al SW de Súchil, 2040 m, 16 September 2005, Harker et al. 2874 (IBUG!). Tepehuanes, a 30 km, sobre el camino Tepehuanes-Guanacevi, 01 September 1989, Benítez 785 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); 3 km de Boleras, rumbo a La Candela, 2400 m, 01 September 1989, Bravo 181 (CIIDIR!, IBUG!, MEXU!); Mesa del Pino Triste, 24 km de Tepehuanes hacia El Huacal, Bravo 306 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!); Buenos Aires, 36 km al W de Tepehuanes por la brecha a Topia, 22 July 1982, Tenorio & Romero 1206 (MEXU!, MO). Santiago Papasquiaro, about 22 air km WNW Santiago Papasquiaro, 3.3. mi by Topia Rd. from Jct. rd. to antenna at E edge crest of Sierra, 25 August 1983, Corral & Worthington 694 (COLO!). Estado de México: Atizapán de Zaragoza, 3 km al NW, 05 June 1966, Cruz 639 (ENCB!). Huehuetoca, Carr. Jorobas-Tula km 4 lado E, 2300 m, 19 July 1981, Romero-Rojas 1504 (ENCB!). Isidro Fabela, 10 km al E de Santiago Tlazala, 20 June 1971, Jimenez 36 (ENCB!). Jilotzingo, Cerro Chiluca, cerca de Ayucan, August 1952, Paray 177 (ENCB!). Naucalpan de Juárez, colonia Lomas del Huizachal, 2400 m, 15 August 1966, Bolaños 29 (ENCB!); 5 km al W de Chimalpa, carretera México-Toluca vía Naucalpan, 2700 m, June 1967, Hidalgo & Anda s.n. (ENCB!). Nicolás Romero, 1 km al S de Cahuacán, 2600 m, 27 June 1963, Rzedowski 16823 (ENCB!); San Pedro, 2200 m, 12 August 1978, A. Ventura 3226 (MEXU!). Otumba, 20 km al NE de Texcoco, 2800 m, 09 June 1968, Brizuela 263 (ENCB!). Sultepec, Real de Abajo, 1700 m, 21 September 1953, Matuda 29187 (MEXU!). Tepetlaoxtoc, 19 km al E de Texcoco y 1 km al S de la carretera Texcoco-Calpulalpam, 2850 m, 28 October 1976, García 127 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tepotzotlán, presa de La Concepción, 07 August 1966, Quiñones s.n. (MEXU!); Tepotzotlán, cerca de la Presa de la Concepción, 2400 m, 07 August 1966, Rebolledo s.n. (ENCB!). Texcoco, lado sur de la Cañada de Aguas, 13.5 km al SE de Texcoco (11 km ESE de Coatlinchán), 2740 m, 05 August 1977, García 362 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MO). Several miles south of Ixtlahuaca on Mex Hwy 71, 21 July 1957, Straw & Gregory 995 (MEXU!). Guanajuato: Dolores Hidalgo, 7 km al NE de Santa Rosa, 2530 m, 11 September 1992, Galván & Galván 3999 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!); 13 km al ENE de Guanajuato, 2350 m, 07 September 1987, R. Galván & J.D. Galván 2783 (MEXU!). Guanajuato, 19.4 miles west of Dolores Hidalgo, at km 23, 2380 m, 07 August 1968, W.R. Anderson & C. Anderson 5060 (ENCB!); Sierra de Santa Rosa, +– 6 km de Santa Rosa camino a Dolores Hidalgo, 2600 m, 22 August 1996, Carranza & Zepeda 5016 (XAL!); 22 km E Guanajuato, 2320 m, 16 August 1965, Detling 9626 (ASU, ENCB!); Cañada de la Virgen, camino a Los Lirios saliendo del Agua Sabrosa, 10 August 1997, Martínez 458 (MEXU!); Carr. Guanajuato-Dolores Hgo. km 85, 2620 m, 23 August 1998, Martínez 998 (MEXU!); between Valenciana and Santa Rosa, km 17–18 on road from Guanajuato to Dolores Hidalgo, 19 August 1948, Moore Jr. & Wood Jr. 4779 (MEXU!). León, 22 km al NE, sobre la carretera a San Felipe, 2500 m, 28 August 1994, Rzedowski 52363 (MEXU!, XAL!). Ocampo, 4 km al SW de La Escondida, 2300 m, 30 July 1994, Rzedowski 52218 (ENCB!, XAL!). Victoria, Cerro El Rosario, por Joya Fría, 2200 m, 17 October 1991, E. Ventura & López 2705 (MEXU!); Los Sauces de Higueras, 2300 m, 09 August 1990, E. Ventura & López 8507 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Guerrero: Chichihualco, Filo de Caballo, 2250 m, 18 October 1983, Martínez et al. 4897 (ENCB!, MEXU!, MO). Eduardo Neri, Cerro El Ocotal, 1.4 km al SE de Amatitilán, 1740 m, 11 August 1994, Monroy 401 (MEXU!). Tlacotepec, 3 km al NE de Cruz de Ocote, 2040 m, 17 August 1985, Soto 10023 (MEXU!). Hidalgo: Ajacuba, “Rincón del Agua”, al SE del poblado de Ajacuba, vertiente N de la Sierra del Monte Alto de Temoaya, 2400 m, 08 August 1993, Díaz et al. 1262, 1263 (MEXU!). Pachuca, 6 km al W de Real del Monte, 2800 m, 04 August 1963, Galván s.n. (ENCB!); 6 km al N de Pachuca, entronque con la carretera que va a Parque Nacional El Chico, 2760 m, 07 August 1981, García 1457 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Real del Monte, Cerro Zumate, Parque Nacional El Chico, 1.5 km N of Hwy. 105, 11.5 km by road NE of Pachuca, 2800–2850 m, 02 July 1978, Cochrane et al. 8476 (ENCB!, IBUG!, MEXU!); 2 km al NE de Tezoantla, 2900 m, 10 August 1975, García 417 (ENCB!); 2 km al WSW de Real del Monte, 2800 m, 14 June 1975, Medina 381 (ENCB!). Tepeapulco, Cerro de Santa Ana, 28 August 1975, A. Ventura 184 (MEXU!), 25 September 1975, 323 (ASU, ENCB!, MEXU!), 27 July 1976, 1909 (MEXU!), 08 September 1976, 2078 (ENCB!, MEXU!), 13 October 1976, 2294 (ENCB!), 2950–3025 m, 19 June 1966, West B-12 (ENCB!). Jalisco: Huejuquilla El Alto, 15 km al NE de Huejuquilla, 2150 m, 22 August 1975, Puig 6532 (ENCB!). San Sebastián del Oeste, 20 km al SW del poblado, brecha Mascota-San Sebastián, 1500 m, 05 February 1985, Flores & Cervantes 184 (IBUG!). Zapopan, Los Guayabos, 1471 m, 27 March 2007, Hernández et al. 737 (IBUG!). Michoacán: Contepec, Cerro Altamirano, 2370 m, 16 September 2005, Cornejo-Tenorio & Salinas 1651 (IBUG!), 2590 m, 26 September 2005, Ibarra-Manríquez & Cornejo-Tenorio 4990 (MEXU!). Maravatío, 1 km de Santa Ana, camino a San Miguel, 2400 m, 21 August 1991, Díaz et al. 6842 (MEXU!); Cerro Gordo, 12 km carretera Maravatío-Contepec, 2600 m, 09August 1986, Santos 1588 (ENCB!, MEXU!, XAL!). Tlalpujahua de Rayón, cerro Peña Blanca, ejido San Francisco de los Reyes, 2850 m, 21 June 1986, Zamudio & García 3965 (ENCB!, IBUG!, XAL!). Nayarit: Nayar, 14.4 km al SW de Santa Teresa, camino a La Mesa del Nayar, 2240 m, 26 September 1989, Flores-Franco & Tenorio 1404 (MEXU!); 12 km al N de Linda Vista, camino a Santa Teresa, 2250 m, 03 August 1990, Flores-Franco et al. 2214 (MEXU!, MO). Nuevo León: Arramberri, Cerro El Viejo, 2100 m, 16 June 1993, Hinton 22927 (MEXU!). Galeana, Agua Blanca to San Miguel, 1985 m, 28 August 1991, Hinton et al. 21298 (GBH!). Zaragoza, Cerro El Viejo, 1900 m, 07 July 1992, Hinton et al. 22129 (GBH!). Lower San Francisco Canyon, 10 June 1934, C.H. Mueller & M.T. Mueller 765 (MEXU!); Sierra El Soldado, camino a San Antonio Peña Nevada-Puerto Pinos, 24 August 1989, Villareal et al. 4937 (MEXU!). Oaxaca: Ixtlán de Juárez, Sierra de Juárez, Rancho Vivero Teja a 3 km al N de Ixtlán, 2250 m, 28 July 1985, Lorence 4602 (MEXU!, MO); about 3 km east of Ixtlán de Juárez, on the road to Xiacui, 24 July 1983, Tucker 2183 (ENCB!). San Francisco Teopan, Cerro Pericón, 5 km al N de San Pedro Nopala, 2000 m, 06 July 1986, García-Mendoza et al. 2341 (MEXU!, MO). San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, 7.1 km al E de Río Blanco rumbo a Santa Catarina Ocotlán, 2467 m, 28 June 2007, Ayala et al. 2297 (MEXU!); Cerro Verde, 5 km al S de Coixtlahuaca, 07 July 1986, García-Mendoza et al. 2398 (MEXU!, MO). San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán, San Pedro Nodón, Loma de Enmedio, al SE de San Pedro Nodón, 08 May 1992, Tenorio 18313 (MEXU!). San Juan Mixtepec, 2 km SSW near C. Cruz family milpa, 2240 m, 07 September 1996, Hunn OAX-104 (MEXU!), 29 June 1997, Hunn OAX-1347 (MEXU!), 08 July 1997, Hunn OAX-1380 (MEXU!). San Juan Teposcolula, along Hwy 190 between Huajuapan de León and Oaxaca, 9 km by road NE of Yanhuitlán, 2150 m, 17 June 1986, Diggs et al. 3836 (MEXU!). San Pablo Villa de Mitla, laderas orientales de la Sierra de La Cumbre, cerca de Mitla, 21 July 1966, Schoenwetter JSOX-36 (ENCB!). Santa Catarina Ixtepeji, 5 km al NW de El Cerezal, carretera a Guelatao de Juárez a Las Ánimas, 2170 m, 29 July 1981, Cedillo et al. 864 (COLO, DES, MEXU!, MO); 10 km southwest of Guelatao de Juárez along Hwy. 175, 13 June 1982, Solheim & Powers 822 (XAL!). Santa María Ixcatlán, cerro de Rascatoro, 2367 m, 23 September 2011, Rangel 1198 (MEXU!); El Agua Fría, al NE de Santa María Ixcatlán, 2034 m, 06 September 2001, Tenorio et al. 20514 (MEXU!). Santiago Laxopa, 2000 m, 30 June 1986, Maldonado & Martin 22 (MEXU!, MO). Santiago Textitlán, El Algodón cerca de Río Humo, 2232 m, 27 June 2006, Jacob 100 (MEXU!); paraje Punta de Yunta, 18 July 2006, Sánchez et al. 1681 (MEXU!). Santo Domingo Tonaltepec, 3 km al N de La Cumbre por la carretera 175 Oaxaca-Tuxtepec, al NE de Oaxaca, 2600 m, 15 July 1991, González-Villareal et al. 4212 (MEXU!). Tepelmeme Villa de Morelos, aprox. 13 km al NE de El Rodeo, portezuelo Mole o Cerro Verde, 09 July 1986, Salinas et al. F-3367 (MEXU!, MO); Placas, Cerro Verde al N de Tepelmeme, 2840 m, 18 July 1985, Tenorio et al. 9289 (MEXU!). Tlahuitoltepec, Rancho Metate, subida al cerro Cempoaltépetl por el crucero Tlahuitoltepec-Zacatepec, 2598 m, 24 June 2004, García-Mendoza et al. 7665 (MEXU!); 1.5 km al N de Tlahuitoltepec, carr. Mitla-Totontepec, 2400 m, 08 August 1985, Torres-Colín et al. 7052 (MEXU!). Puebla: Chignahuapan, Barranca de Ocoxicuaya, 2300 m, 14 July 1975, Hernández-Magaña 2123 (MEXU!, US!). Tetela de Ocampo, Tilapa, 9 km al S de Tetela, 2000 m, 30 June 1987, Tenorio et al. 13750 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tlahuapan, La Venta, Puente del Emperador, 2530 m, 25 August 1944, Sharp 44548 (MEXU!, MO!). Querétaro: Amealco, Barranca de Amealco, 2150 m, 16 September 1978, Argüelles 1182 (MEXU!). Sinaloa: Concordia, El Carrizo a 74 km de Concordia por carretera Mazatlán-Durango, 2500 m, 07 August 1985, Vega 1639 (MEXU!). San Luis Potosí: San Nicolás Tolentino, 18–20 miles east of San Luis Potosí toward Rio Verde, 25 July 1978, Straw & Forman 1426 (MEXU!). Villa de Arriaga, 17 miles west of San Luis Potosí, 10 September 1960, Templeton 8773 (ENCB!, MO). Sierra de San Miguelito, 4 km E de San Francisco, 18 August 1971, Passini & Robert 54BIS (ENCB!). Tamaulipas: Miquihuana, on trail between Miquijuana and Hermosa, 07 July 1963, Molseed & Rice 198 (MEXU!). Tlaxcala: Españita, 8 km al S de Españita, sobre la carretera a Sn. Martin Texmelucan, 2510 m, 01 July 1990, Balderas & Aguilera FESZA2435 (MEXU!). Hueyotilpan, cañada a 500 m del poblado de Hueyotilpan, 2400 m, 06 July 1992, Ruiz 189 (MEXU!). Tlaxco, a 2 km al W de Españita, 2500 m, 26 August 1989, Balderas 32 (MEXU!). Veracruz: Acultzingo, near top of ridge overlooking valley, 4 km SW of Acultzingo on Hwy 150 at km 283, Roe et al. 1267 (MEXU!). Las Vigas de Ramírez, entre Las Vigas y Tatatila, cerca de El Bordo, 2200 m, 13 July 1986, Cházaro & Camarillo 3794 (IBUG!, XAL!). Perote, El Zaurinal, 2400 m, 20 July 1981, F. Ventura 18846 (ENCB!, MEXU!). Tonayán, cima de los cerros de la Sierra de Magdalena, 2450 m, June 1981, Cházaro 1561 (XAL!). Zacatecas: Jerez de García, Sierra de las Candelas, ejido Rio Florido, arroyo ubicado a 3 km al SE de La Barca, 2375 m, 13 September 2013, Balleza et al. 20132 (MEXU); 2719 m, 24 September 2013, 20193 (MEXU!). Pinos, Between San Luis Potosí and Ojuelos about 30 miles north of the latter, 5 miles west of highway toward Pinos, 08 August 1958, Straw & Forman 1482 (MEXU!). Saín Alto, ca. 20 miles NW of Fresnillo along highw, Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Ernst, W. R. (1972) Floral morphology and systematics of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae: Rhinanthoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 6: 1 - 63.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Vol. 1. Ed. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 669","Loesener, T. (1900) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora von Central-Amerika (einschliefslich Mexico) II. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 29 (1): 86 - 106."]}

17. Lamourouxia paneroi Turner. Phytologia 74(6): 465. 1993. Type:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: 7 km E of the turnoff to Santo Domingo Ozolotepec on road to San Juan Ozolotepec. 3700 m, 11 December 1992, J.L. Panero, Y. Kim & E. Manrique 3078 (Holotype: MEXU00638200!; isotypes: CTES0014346!, MSC0092237!, NY00008257!, TEX00372940!) Figure 12 A–D. Shrubs or sub-shrubs up to 150 cm tall, stems branched along the plant, erect, woody, shortly pilose, non-glandular. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petioles 0.5–1 mm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, 7–10 × 2–3 mm, margin crenulate, sometimes entire, lobes up to 1 mm long; apex rounded to obtuse, base attenuate to rounded; membranous, shortly hispid, non-glandular. Inflorescence a raceme, erect, pedicels thin, 1–3 mm long. Bracts equal along inflorescence, sessile, linear to narrowly subulate, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse, base attenuate. Calyx campanulate without dots on the surface, 9–10 × 4–5 mm, lobes triangular to narrowly ovate, 2–4 mm long, margin entire, apex aciculate to dentate, when dentate 1–4 teeth, shortly pilose, non-glandular. Corolla funnelform, 40–50 × 10–12 mm, upper lip 12–15 mm long, lower lip 9–12 mm long, lobes 2–3 mm long; bright red, hispidulous, non-glandular. Stamens exserted 4, filaments 43–53 mm long, anthers ca. 3 mm long. Style 45–55 cm, stigma not seen. Capsule ovoid, ca. 8 mm long, shortly hispidous, non-glandular. Seeds not seen. Etymology: —The name of this species honors J.L. Panero, who collected the type specimen. Distribution and Ecology: — Lamourouxia paneroi is endemic from the states of Oaxaca and Puebla (Fig. 12D). The species is reported from oak forests (with Juniperus flaccida Schlechtendal (1838: 495), and xerophytic scrubs (Agave marmorata Roezl (1883: 238), Arctostaphylos Adanson (1763: 165), Rhus sp.) at elevations from 2100 to 3700 m. Previously, the species was only known from the type collection. Phenology: —The species has a short season of flowering and fruiting from September to December. Discussion: — Turner (1993) established Lamourouxia paneroi based on the difference on the vestiture in the calyx and the stem with respect to L. pringlei. Lamourouxia pringlei presents vestiture glandular-puberulous, and L. paneroi possesses indument short pilosulous. The taxonomic determination of the taxa is difficult work if a microscope or magnifying glasses are not available. For this treatment, all the specimens determined as L. pringlei were studied with stereoscopic microscopes due their similitude on leaves, bracts, and flowers. One additional character detected during the revision of the specimens was the presence of short and non-glandular black trichomes in the fruits of L. paneroi, especially on the base of the fruit, in contrast with L. pringlei, whose fruits are entirely glabrous. Both species are distributed in the same areas in southern states of Mexico. Examined specimens: — MEXICO. Oaxaca: San Bartolomé Quialana, Cerro Yuubidan (Picacho), parte media del cerro, 3.5 km en línea recta al S de San Bartolomé Quialana, 2510 m, 25 January 2014, Carrillo-Reyes et al. 7216 (IBUG!). San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, Cerro Verde al NE de Marcos Pérez, 2700 m, 05 November 1986, Tenorio & Frame 12309 (MEXU!). Santa Catarina Zapoquila, cañada al W de Membrillos, camino al Arco, 2100 m, 14 September 1991, Tenorio 17478 (MEXU!). Villa Tejúpam de la Unión, 6.2 km del entronque para la carretera para Santiago Tejúpan-Coixtlahuaca, 2220 m, 27 September 2002, Calzada 23305 (MEXU!); 6 km al E de Tejúpan por la carretera a Suchixtlahuaca, 2300 m, 08 September 1990, Salinas et al. 5618 (MEXU!). Puebla: Asunción Nochixtlán, Cuesta Colorada, sobre la carretera Puebla-Oaxaca km 20, 2350 m, 19 December 1995, Flores 183 (MEXU!). Caltepec, Cerro Chicamole, al E de Membrillos, 2400 m, 08 November 1986, Tenorio & Frame 12345 (MEXU!). Chapulco, 4 km al E del entronque Tehuacán-Esperanza por la carretera a Orizaba, 2180–2250 m, 19 September 1990, Salinas et al. 5743 (MEXU!). Palmar de Bravo, Cuacnopalan, Cerro Filo Blanco, al S de Cuacnopalan, 2592 m, 29 September 2001, Tenorio & Kelly 21074 (MEXU!)., Published as part of Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores & Lira-Noriega, Andrés, 2023, Lamourouxia (Orobanchaceae) of Mexico, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 582 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.582.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7609060, {"references":["Schlechtendal, D. (1838) Vorlaufige Nachricht uber mexicanischen Coniferen, vom Herausgeber. Linnaea 12: 486 - 496.","Roezl, M. B. (1883) Notes sur les decouvertes botaniques les plus remarquables faites es Amerique. Belgique horticole 33: 221 - 239.","Adanson, M. (1763) Familles des plantes, Vol. 2. Vincent, Paris, 640 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 271","Turner, B. L. (1993) Two new species of Lamourouxia (Scrophulariaceae) from Mexico. Phytologia 74: 464 - 467."]}