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The burgeoning need for extensive data processing has sparked enthusiasm for the development of a novel optical logic gate platform. In this study, junction field‐effect phototransistors based on molybdenum disulfide/Germanium (MoS2/Ge) heterojunctions are constructed as optical logic units. This device demonstrates a positive photoresponse that is attributed to the photoconductivity effect occurring upon irradiation with visible (Vis) light. Under the illumination of near‐infrared (NIR) optics with wavelengths within the communication band, the device shows a negative photoresponse, which is associated with the interlayer Coulomb interactions. The current state of the device can be effectively modulated as different logical states by precisely tuning the wavelength and power density of the optical. Within a 3 × 3 MoS2/Ge phototransistor array, five essentially all‐optical logic gates ("AND," "OR," "NAND," "NOT," and "NOR") can be achieved in every signal unit. Furthermore, three complex all‐optical logical operations are demonstrated by integrating two MoS2/Ge phototransistors in series. Compared to electronic designs, these all‐optical logic devices offer a significant reduction in transistor number, with savings of 50–94% when implementing the above‐mentioned functions. These results present opportunities for the development of photonic chips with low power consumption, high fidelity, and large volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital rib deformity is a common thoracic deformity that has a potentially far-reaching impact on the growth and lung function development of young children. Early diagnosis and accurate assessment of congenital rib deformity is of great importance. This study was to retrospectively analyze the number, location, and types of deformities, imaging features as well as clinical symptoms of children with congenital rib deformities. Methods: Children who were diagnosed with congenital rib deformities between October 2019 and October 2021 in our hospital were included in this study. The rib deformities were analyzed according to the imaging results of chest X-ray and 3D volume rendering multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: A total of 472 male and 186 female children with rib deformities were detected in this study, with a male to female ratio of approximately 2.54:1. Of the deformed ribs, 417 (63.4%) were located on the right side, usually single and unilateral. The most common type of the detected rib deformity were bifid ribs (95.14%). Rib deformity was most common in the fourth rib (46.62%). The majority (76.16%, n = 428) of rib deformities were incidental findings and asymptomatic. Conclusions: Congenital rib deformities in pediatric patients included in our hospital were more frequently observed in males than females, more frequently detected on the right than on the left side. The most common type of rib deformity is the bifid rib. MDCT examination are of great value in the diagnosis of rib deformity and can help guide clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital true diphallia, complete duplicate bladder, bladder exstrophy, and anorectal malformation in a child are uncommon. Here, we present the case of a 3-year-old boy with multiple genitourinary malformation, including true diphallia, complete duplicate bladder, bladder exstrophy, epispadias, and anorectal malformation. Multi-departmental collaborative treatment for complex conditions ultimately achieved an ideal appearance for this patient. All vital signs were stable after the surgery and they remained consistent during follow-up. In such cases, surgical correction is individualized to achieve adequate urinary continence and erection with adequate esthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a physics-based ANN assisting method for extracting transient properties of extrinsically triggering photoconductive semiconductor switches (ET-PCSSs) is proposed. It exploits the nonlinear mapping of ANN between transient current (input) and doping concentration (output). According to the basic laws of photoelectric device operating, two types of ANN models are constructed by gaussian and polynomial fitting. The mean absolute error (MAE) of forecasting transient photocurrent can be less than 10 A under low triggering optical powers, which verifies the feasibility of ANN assisting TCAD applied to PCSSs. The results are comparable to computation by Mixed-Mode simulation, yet even thousands of seconds of CPU runtime cost are saved in every period. To improve the robustness of the Poly-ANN predictor, Bayesian optimization (BO) is implemented for minimizing the curl deviation of photocurrent-time curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haixin Bridge in Guangzhou is a half-through inclined arch bridge with a main span of 198 m. A curved girder with a standard deck width of 15 m is used, making this bridge the largest and most complex of its kind in the world. Since its opening on 25 June 2021, Haixin Bridge, with minimalistic geometric curves, has created a multi-purpose urban public space with distinctive features of regional traditional culture amidst the mushrooming modern buildings in the central business district (CBD) of Guangzhou. Now it is a popular place much favored and recognized by local citizens, primarily attributable to the structural design of the bridge, which aims not merely at optimal structure and minimal cost, but more importantly at the unity of function, aesthetics and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contradiction between the high number of visually handicapped people and the scarcity of guide dogs has stimulated the demand for electronic guide dogs (EGDs). Here, we demonstrate an EGD by leveraging piezoresistors on a MoS2/Ge heterostructure for simultaneous pressure-sensing and optical-sensing functions. The device has excellent gating capability and exhibits large positive and negative photoresponses under visible (532 nm, 182 A/W) and infrared (1550 nm, 37 A/W) illumination. These characteristics allow the device to efficiently classify different obstacles at all times of day using pressure and light signals. The device reaches nearly 100% accuracy after 48 training sessions when used to classify frequent scenes. The device adopts passive and active detection modes during the day and night, respectively, which improves the battery life of the EGD. This work provides a significant reference for the future design of EGDs, which may help a greater number of visually impaired people by reducing the cost of such devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-precision, continuous analog comparators are widely used in signal detection, alarm protection, and other fields. An auto offset calibration method for high-resolution continuous CMOS comparators (CMPs) was proposed. On the basis of the first output of the short-input format CMP, calibration logic will select the proper routine to calculate the best fix trim bit. Two calibration codes are added and averaged to obtain the actual code. This mainly takes into account the fact that there may be a certain delay in comparator flipping, which leads to deviations from the optimal calibration code. This part of the search error can be counteracted by averaging the results of searching from low to high and from high to low. According to different design needs, different trim step sizes can be obtained by adjusting the relative ratio of the smallest calibratio N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) to the main input pair. Circuit implementation is based on the 110 nm flash process with a 5 V IO device. Analysis and simulation results show that a less than 1 mV offset can be easily achieved, which is suitable for commercial use. The proposed auto offset calibration method does not increase current consumption and can be easily shifted to other advanced technology processes, which make it promising for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]