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Este ensayo reflexiona sobre la representación de la figura del inmigrante subsahariano y del tránsito migratorio entre África y España en el imaginario colectivo español de la última década. Se analiza desde una perspectiva crítica la película Adú (Salvador Calvo, 2020) como ejemplo de contribución cultural que se enmarca en el discurso hegemónico de la representación de la otredad en el contexto español. En contraposición, se propone un estudio comparativo con relatos testimoniales que sirven de contraargumentación al discurso hegemónico: el texto Partir para contar: un clandestino africano rumbo a Europa (Pepitas de Calabaza, 2014) y el documental Samba, un nombre borrado (Mariano Agudo, 2017), ambos vinculados a la experiencia de Mahmud Traoré, un joven senegalés que llegó a Europa en 2005 tras saltar la valla de Ceuta. Estos relatos, ofrecen una representación alternativa de la experiencia migratoria que cuestiona el discurso oficial y se configuran como un caso paradigmático que rechaza el mensaje disuasorio predominante en los medios de comunicación y en los productos culturales para el público de masas, revirtiendo los códigos de representación basados en la victimización de los migrantes.

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Recently, population declines have been reported for many migratory birds. Because of complex life cycles, determining the causes for such declines is often difficult. Thus, migratory birds are of special conservation interest. We studied the migratory behavior of Hirundo rustica (Barn Swallow) tagged with solar geolocators and determined carryover effects during the entire annual cycle from one breeding season to the next. We used a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) to disentangle migratory and breeding events that occur in chronological order. In addition, we controlled for broad environmental conditions in the wintering grounds (NDVI and latitude) and the specific molting habitat (δ13C). We did not find a carryover effect from reproduction investment in the attachment year to breeding success in the subsequent year. Individuals that invested more in reproduction departed earlier from the breeding colonies, but this in turn did not affect the onset of autumn migration. Thus, the premigratory period should be acting as a buffer stage counteracting any previous carryover effects from reproduction investment. On the other hand, we found a long-lasting domino effect from the onset of autumn migration to subsequent breeding success, consistent with the notion of a migratory race. Specifically, individuals which started earlier in the autumn migration arrived earlier to the wintering grounds, started earlier in the spring migration arrived earlier to the breeding colonies, and had a higher breeding success. We highlight that the premigratory period (i.e. the time elapsed between departure from breeding areas and the onset of autumn migration) should be important for the life cycle of migratory species, but it has been frequently overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to illustrate how discrimination against migrants manifests itself in different areas in Spain. The areas selected, based on the economic, social and cultural rights recognized for all people, are education, health, housing, employment and social services. Finally, the text presents some conclusions and recommendations that could be considered by public institutions and civil society organizations, aimed at promoting good practices when addressing specific forms of discrimination that affect migrant persons. In this article, the term migrant is used to designate all people who have crossed an international border, regardless of their immigration status, including refugees, asylum seekers, and those who have been forced to move for other reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of misinformation has become a global challenge that impacts democratic systems, fosters citizen distrust of the media, and can also be used as a tool to promote and spread hate speech against different groups. Various studies have shown how this misinformation is used to perpetuate negative stereotypes and fuel hostility toward certain ethnic, religious, or social groups, such as migrants and refugees. This research focuses on the disinformation about migrants and refugees detected by the Spanish fact-checking platforms Newtral, Maldita, and Verificat. It utilizes a content analysis method to examine 570 checks from January 2017 to May 2023. The objective is to detect the main types of information disorders affecting migration, their preferred formats, the agents involved, and the main characteristics and themes these hoaxes feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on exploring the intergroup relationship between migrants and natives through their use of public spaces. To comprehend these intergroup dynamics in a place, two case studies were analysed: an urban context in Belgium and Portugal. Through a systematic observation method, behavioural maps were collected to comprehend the distribution of natives and migrants in those areas, at different times of the day and their types of behaviours. Results showed that in the Belgian urban area, there is a sharing of the public space but with different behaviours, while in Portugal, we found a distribution of apparently migrant groups in space. In sum, the systematic observation of people in the public space provides a first assessment of the intergroup relations between migrants and natives in the urban context. It presents evidence to plan and design public space, promote social cohesion and comprehend what elements are relevant to maintain and adjust these groups' place identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the school system, social inequality and capitalist, patriarchal, and colonialist violence are reproduced when the causes of precariousness are made invisible, and the myth of meritocracy is reinforced. These inequalities are accentuated throughout the educational path, generating a "Matthew effect". That is, while the upper social classes have an initial advantage and tend to benefit more and more as time goes by, those who are at a disadvantage from the beginning experience an accumulation of inconveniences. Through the specific case of the deficient educational attention received by Migrant Agricultural Day Laborers (MADL) in Mexico, this article analyzes how school institutions have become intertwined with these contexts of violence. In addition, it examines how, since the implementation of neoliberal policies, the exclusion of the most vulnerable population, which is considered cheap and easily replaceable labor, has increased. Likewise, the proposal of intersectionality is taken up again to reconstruct the different aspects that generate discrimination against JAM girls, boys, and adolescents who, although they share the same root and based on the dominant power structure, have various edges that make these minors a particularly vulnerable segment of the population. The evidence shows that the government's capacity to care for the population in vulnerable situations has been exceeded, and questions arise as to whether current programs can meet specific needs or whether new public policies are required in line with reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal work, labor that is otherwise legal but is not protected by the standard labor laws and social insurance programs that cover other work, is widespread in the United States, and informalization, which means shifting of employment toward informality, even more so. Recent estimates of participation in "off the books" work run as high as 36% of the adult population, and two-thirds of a sample of low-wage workers had experienced employment law violations in the previous week. Informal employment over-represents transnational migrants. Actions by multiple actors contribute to informal employment. U. S. employers engage in informalization via the "fissuring" of jobs, splitting them into less protected statuses. The country's national, regional, and local states help shape the degree of informalization by their implementation (or not) of employment law, policies on migration, and other actions. Vulnerable groups of workers pursue informal employment or self-employment as a survival strategy, whereas better-off workers self-employ to gain autonomy, flexibility, or fulfillment. Collective, organizing responses by groups of workers, primarily through civil society organizations known as "worker centers", have been growing. This article offers a comprehensive review and a conceptual discussion of what we know about informal work in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In keeping with the principles of positive parenting, understood as parental actions based on the best interests of children and aimed at their overall development, self-determination theory (SDT) posits that it is the family that must satisfy three basic psychological needs: autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Owing to migratory movement, the wide range of cultures present in Spain, and the fact that the family is the preferred place to experience human relationships, this context seems to be an ideal setting for testing the apparent universality of SDT. Hence, the main objective of this study was to examine the parenting dimensions: autonomy (autonomy support vs psychological control), relatedness (warmth vs rejection), and competence (structure vs chaos) and their influence on children's behaviors in families from a wide range of international backgrounds. The sample comprised a total of 3428 parents and 1785 children attending primary education (7-13 years old) in eight autonomous communities in Spain. Information was collected using three standardized questionnaires, adapted and validated for the Spanish context. The results show that, regardless of family origin, there were higher scores in positive parenting dimensions (autonomy support, warmth, and structure) than negative dimensions (psychological control, rejection and chaos). The findings also indicate that warmth had a positive effect on children's behaviors while psychological control had a negative effect, as well as that there were some differences between certain geographical zones in warmth, structure, and chaos. Our study provides confirmation of the universality of the precepts of SDT and positive parenting in families from a wide range of geographical and cultural backgrounds in the Spanish context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This monograph investigates the visual construction of migration on the U.S. southern border by the U.S. news industry. This study employs a quantitative (N = 1,050) and qualitative (N = 21) social semiotic analysis to illuminate the pervasive patterns of visual representation by three news agencies: The Associated Press, Getty Images, and Reuters. The analysis reveals levels of symbolic annihilation, social separation, and asymmetrical power dynamics that contribute to the symbolic othering of migrants. In-depth interviews with 21 photojournalists and field observation of an additional five photojournalists on the U.S.-Mexico border in Texas were conducted to analyze the factors that influence the production of images. Photojournalists are subject to myriad physical, social, and ideological influences from politicians, law enforcement, news organizations, non-governmental organizations, drug cartels, and border residents that constrain the depiction of migration. These complex conditions of production are marked by a scarcity of time, money, and autonomy that ultimately result in conventionalized imagery. The findings suggest that more comprehensive, nuanced, and humanizing accounts of migration can occur when external entities do not intercede in the interaction between photographers and migrants. Unconventional imagery, however, is no guarantee of empathetic reception from audiences who are steeped in hegemonic migration discourses produced by institutions that profoundly profit from a perpetual migration "crisis." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Universitas, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La llegada de niñas, niños y adolescentes migrantes no acompañados (NNAMNA) supone un desafío para los países de tránsito y destino debido a que su doble condición -como NNA y migrantes en situación irregular- ocasiona un conflicto de intereses contrapuestos entre dos sistemas normativos distintos y, por tanto, dos formas de ser tratados: como sujetos de protección especial y titulares de derechos versus migrantes y extranjeros objetos de control y expulsión. Esta ambivalencia en el modo de entender la infancia y adolescencia migrante no acompañada es especialmente visible en aquellos contextos de localización de los sujetos donde en ocasiones prima la necesidad de tomar una resolución migratoria inmediata en detrimento de una solución más duradera. Este artículo parte de las similitudes entre Cádiz (España) y Tapachula (México) como contextos principales de localización de NNMNA para ahondar en las diferencias que asume el proceso de intervención gubernamental con respecto a este colectivo a partir de dos ejes analíticos: la integralidad jurídica de los derechos de los NNA en el marco normativo que regula el accionar de las autoridades con respecto a este colectivo y la adecuación de la respuesta institucional a dicho marco. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre las características que integran dicho accionar en cada uno de los contextos y que vienen a configurar dos propuestas de modelos de intervención distintas: modelo tutelar proteccionista y un modelo regulatorio y asistencial.

Hoy día, en tiempos en que se intensifica la movilidad migratoria en todo el mundo, y con ello, se multiplican y diversifican las lenguas habladas en las comunidades que habitamos y en sus márgenes, compartir una lengua es algo que cada vez se debe dar menos por supuesto. En este artículo, examino las prácticas de hablar unos con otros en condiciones de ausencia de lengua común, esto es, situaciones en las que no se dan las bases para la comunicación verbal, ni tampoco una comunicación translingüística que use la proximidad de las lenguas, así como el habla con intermediarios. Desde una aproximación teórica, me baso en la fenomenología del lenguaje de Merleau-Ponty y en las reflexiones existenciales y políticas de Hannah Arendt sobre el habla.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las características del empleo al que acceden los inmigrantes en Sayulita, Nayarit, un destino de playa en México, así como la utilización en el territorio, de mecanismos de necropolítica que afectan sus condiciones laborales y de vida. Los resultados de investigación cualitativa obtenidos evidencian la precariedad, marginación, exclusión social y discriminación que padecen, aunque también la capacidad de agencia desarrollada para subsistir en un contexto de globalización y neoliberalismo exacerbado.

La trata de personas, una forma moderna de esclavitud, afecta a millones en todo el mundo, violando derechos fundamentales. Esta investigación se centró en analizar la lucha por los derechos humanos y la justicia en la protección de la vulnerabilidad humana frente a la trata de personas. Se utilizó un enfoque de revisión y el análisis de contenido, se recuperaron 101 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron 25 que abordaban directamente la trata desde una perspectiva socio-jurídica. Las categorías emergentes incluyeron "Trata de personas y explotación: La vulnerabilidad humana", "Migración y fronteras: La complejidad e impacto humano de la migración", y "Derechos humanos y delitos: La justicia y la reparación en la lucha contra la trata y la explotación de personas". Los resultados sugieren que abordar la trata de personas requiere un enfoque multidisciplinario y colaborativo, destacando la necesidad de medidas de protección, prevención, y estrategias de cooperación entre gobiernos, organizaciones, empresas y la comunidad internacional. Se concluye que la lucha contra esta práctica demanda esfuerzos constantes y coordinados para prevenir y combatir eficazmente la trata de personas.

Siendo la vivienda un elemento clave para la seguridad, así como el acceso a recursos y la integración de las personas migrantes, nos preguntamos por las formas de vulnerabilidad a las que estas están expuestas en el mercado de alquiler y los recursos usados (o no) para enfrentar dichas vulnerabilidades. Estudiamos el caso de Lima, la ciudad que ha recibido la mayor cantidad de migrantes venezolanos (1.1 millones) en los últimos años. Siendo un estudio exploratorio, recogimos 37 entrevistas a personas que alquilan vivienda (27 a migrantes venezolanos, 10 a peruanos). Analizamos los casos para cada grupo, buscando los problemas que son comunes y las formas de enfrentarlos. Encontramos que las personas venezolanas tienen problemas de búsqueda y de permanencia en la vivienda no solo por su ciudadanía recortada y sus empleos en el sector informal, sino por su poca disponibilidad de recursos sociales. Por este motivo, están más expuestos a eventos críticos que deben enfrentar por su propia cuenta. En consecuencia, su vulnerabilidad es mayor, y su permanencia en la vivienda es siempre inestable.

Este artículo busca mostrar cómo la población –en su mayoría indígena– radicada en la Mixteca Alta, ubicada en la provincia de Oaxaca en el virreinato de Nueva España, al igual que gran parte del vasto territorio, sufrió los embates de una meteorología extrema y adversa a través de sequías y heladas, a partir de la década de 1760 y hasta finalizar el siglo XVIII. Es de señalar que el empeoramiento de las condiciones meteorológicas coincide con el periodo 1760-1800, en el que se circunscribe la Oscilación Maldá, fluctuación identificada en la fachada del Mediterráneo, situación que pone de relieve la alteración del clima a nivel global. En este contexto global, resulta por demás interesante mostrar el impacto generado por los fenómenos naturales enunciados en una producción agrícola y ganadera –ambas escasas de por sí–, en una región carente de importancia económica no sólo para las autoridades asentadas en la capital novohispana, sino para Antequera, capital de provincia, debido a que no era un espacio de producción agrícola y tampoco mineral. Asimismo, se ponen al descubierto las problemáticas que dicho menoscabo implicó para los habitantes, así como las diferentes medidas o respuestas desplegadas por las autoridades civiles y el grueso de los afectados para paliar y combatir las contrariedades agrícolas y económicas que implicaban la pérdida de cosechas, la falta y la carestía de víveres, –principalmente maíz–, el hambre y las enfermedades Y, por último, la imposibilidad de los naturales para cubrir sus cargas fiscales, resultado de las pérdidas totales de sementeras.

El distrito de Villarino, se encuentra al sur de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y forma parte, en términos económicos, del circuito de producción y exportación de cebolla en fresco en la zona del Valle bonaerense del Rio Colorado. Esta región ha atraído desde la década del setenta predominantemente, considerables contingentes de trabajadores y trabajadoras del interior argentino y migrantes de países limítrofes como Chile y Bolivia. (Torrez, 2020:197). Este fenómeno ha traído aparejado variadas problemáticas socio económicas, así como de índole socio cultural, que hasta el día de hoy no han encontrado soluciones acertadas. En términos educativos (formales) las instituciones escolares, se han hecho eco de estas problemáticas, al verse sus matriculas caracterizadas por una fuerte diversidad cultural. En el presente artículo, nos proponemos reflexionar desde nuestro rol como docentes en torno a estas cuestiones que atraviesan la realidad escolar del Distrito.

Este artículo aborda las experiencias del territorio desde la perspectiva de jóvenes que forman parte de familias migrantes latinoamericanas y asisten a la escuela secundaria en el conurbano bonaerense (Argentina). Es el producto de una investigación colaborativa que se propuso subvertir el lugar de enunciación, abordando las formas juveniles de habitar, recorrer y producir territorios que se despliegan desde las calles y el barrio donde su escuela está ubicada hasta sus ciudades y pueblos natales, y los múltiples recorridos transitados a lo largo de su vida. En este ejercicio de indagación, otorgamos centralidad a la producción de cartografías propias, a la creación de sus propios mapas, ilustraciones y relatos. De este modo, buscamos abonar a una perspectiva biográfica y generacional, entendiendo esto último como condición indispensable para la apropiación y producción de saberes que logren desafiar las asimetrías constitutivas de la producción de conocimiento geográfico en la actualidad.

El fenómeno de la migración ha tomado un interés relevante en la sociedad, y - a nivel mundial - las cifras de personas migrantes van en aumento. El creciente número de ciudadanos ingresando a un país, o en movilidad humana, conlleva un proceso de aceptación por parte de la ciudadanía; situación, que muchas veces se traduce en desconfianza, xenofobia, discriminación e intolerancia. En este sentido, los medios informativos, cumplen un rol importante, al narrar esas realidades. De manera que, el presente trabajo, se centra en la migración venezolana y el discurso de medios televisivos de la ciudad de Portoviejo. Para ello, el objetivo principal fue reconocer la estructura informativa de noticias sobre migración generada en los medios televisivos Televisión Manabita y Capital Televisión [Capital TV]. De manera, que se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, análisis de datos, análisis documental, entrevistas, datos obtenidos de libros y fuentes bibliográficas. Los resultados mostraron que es casi nula la cobertura que reciben los temas de migración en los medios. En cuanto a la estructura de la noticia, los medios de comunicación televisivos de Portoviejo han mantenido – mayoritariamente - un enfoque informativo positivo, para las noticias sobre migración venezolana, a pesar de que se han suscitados hechos delictivos y otras problemáticas, con el éxodo venezolano.

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Given that housing is a key element for security, access to resources, and the integration of migrant individuals, we inquire, concerning the rental market, about the forms of vulnerability to which they are exposed and the resources used (or not) to confront them. We present the case of Lima, the city that has received the largest number of Venezuelan migrants (1.1 million) in recent years. As an exploratory study, we conducted 37 interviews with tenants (27 Venezuelan migrants, 10 Peruvians). We analyzed the cases for each group, seeking common problems and strategies to address them. We found that Venezuelan individuals face challenges in searching for and staying in housing not only due to their restricted citizenship and employment in the informal sector, but also due to their limited access to social resources. As a result, they are more exposed to critical events and must confront them on their own. Consequently, their vulnerability is greater, and their housing tenure is always unstable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The period 2019-2023 has experienced an exponential increase in irregular migratory arrivals on the West African route to the Canary Islands, considered the deadliest route of entry into Europe. The present research focuses on the study of the mortality of this migratory route and the different reasons underlying the displacement. In this way, European securitizing border policies are pointed out as the main causes of such increase and it concludes on the need to comply with the commitments of the Global Compact for Migration to protect the human rights of migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the extractivist model in Argentina has numerous consequences for the territories and the human and non-human beings that inhabit them. Changes in land use, 'development' infrastructures, technological packages and land grabbing expel their inhabitants to other areas of the country, generally urban, where, far from finding better living conditions, they deepen existing inequalities. In this sense, we propose in this article to analyse those mobilities that involve members of indigenous peoples by describing the environmental scenarios from which they are expelled, mainly in the Chaco region, and the destination territories where these groups converge, focusing on the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires. This article is based on information obtained from previous research, fieldwork and field notes, in-depth interviews, analysis of statistical sources, cartographic data and specialised literature on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a chronic context of political crisis and violence (Antillano & Ávila, 2017; Antillano, 2023; Zubillaga & Llorens, 2023), Venezuela migration crisis of last years impacted on receptors countries such as Colombia and Perú (R4V, 2023). In particular, an exponential increase of foreign inmates in Peruvian prisons has triggered a renewed criminological discussion about migration and crime (Park et al., 1967; Brion, 1997). This article tackles an understudied aspect of this highly complex migration process: Venezuelans citizens facing pre-trial detention (74,5 %) or conviction sentences (25,5 %) in Peruvian prisons (INPE, 2024). Using a mixed methods approach we gathered statistics and conducted interviews of inmates and penitentiary agents to describe this new 'coexistence' in prisons. Furthermore, we discussed Venezuelan inmates' adaptation vis á vis Peruvian prison culture and whether criminal groups could expand or transplant their activities (Varese, 2011; Garzón & Olson, 2013) to receptors country such as Panamá, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia and Chile. Thus, we argue that cultural importation dynamics take place at Peruvian prisons and, moreover, conflict emerged between two prison cultures and convict codes (one of them involving an inmate self-government background and the other familiarized with dialogued 'prison governance' schemes); these two different visions of 'what life in prison should be' struggle to impose their own ways to recreate conviviality and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: To learn about the contributions of women of the organized Colombian diaspora in Catalonia to creating transnational practices in favor of peace and denunciation of human rights violations in Colombia. Specifically, we seek to identify the main actors, organizational spaces, and collective action repertoires developed by Colombian women in Catalonia. Therefore, we approach the literature on the political participation of migrant and exiled women from the perspective of political transnationalism. Methodology: This qualitative and participatory research study examines bibliographic and documentary sources, semi-structured interviews with Colombian women participating in the organized diaspora, and participant observation of mobilizations. Conclusions: The analysis and discussion of the results show that for some women, their participation is based on their exile and previous political involvement. For others, it is driven by the recognition of their condition as migrant subjects, as well as the different axes of inequality that cross them, which allows them to connect their individual discomfort with the collective discomfort of their country of origin and develop new interpretative frameworks and new repertoires of action aimed at sensitizing and influencing the Colombian socio-political reality. Originality: This research contribution allows for further debate on the transnational political role of migrations in a globalized world and what role women can play in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyze the meanings of community care (hereafter CC), understood as the set of social care practices that are articulated from spaces managed by the community and involve various daily actions essential to sustaining life. The identification of the CC deployed, especially by immigrant women, shows the state's neglect of foreigners. Our research aims to understand the meanings of CC of Latin American women who participate in non-institutionalized groups in Spain, from where they carry out various practices of co-management of "their" (self) care in contexts of migration. Based on a qualitative methodology, we show how these experiences involve survival and agency strategies at different levels. We conclude by highlighting how migrant women's knowledge in this field allows us to explore new places and ways of thinking about CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a world where asylum and migration have become major concerns for countries of transit and destination, political neutrality seems to be demanded from humanitarian workers. But under the pressures of workload, limited funds, and complex settings, these actors deviate from expectations and practice extra‐legal authority of a unique political nature. When handling asylum cases, these agents take crucial decisions that decisively impact the lives of asylum seekers. In legally fragile transit points where the rule of law faces challenges and where asylum seekers come seeking further resettlement in European countries, rejected applicants face risky fates of deportation, jail, violence, or death. In turn, humanitarian caseworkers pushed by workloads, purse strings, emotional burnout, and compassion fatigue, flatten the sufferings of their applicants, balance, and rank them. Caseworkers have to rank sufferings and decide who may eventually survive and who may simply be left to a risky unknown. In Agambian terms, this extralegal authority draws the lines, creates a zone of exception and throws rejected applicants into the realm of "Bare Life" where they become "Homo Sacer," whose life is worthless. Using Lipsky's theorization of street‐level bureaucrats and in‐depth interviews, the paper tackles these crucial issues by interviewing caseworkers from a variety of international organizations operating in the transit point of Egypt. These caseworkers are responsible for conducting different roles in the Refugee Status Determination process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses undocumented migrant labour organising in a complicated context and site, the Vermont dairy industry, in relation to Tanya Basok's concept of "counter‐hegemonic human rights". Taking migrant rights organisation Migrant Justice in Burlington, Vermont as a case study, this work examines migrant labour organising that calls upon notions of human rights for economic migrants in the USA. Migrant Justice works through commodity chain labour organising that transcends the scale of the state, calls on moral geographies of consumption and production, and autonomously redistributes not just capital, but power, from the corporation down to workers. An analysis of literature on migrant human rights in relation to labour organising will lead us to problematise mainstream human rights discourse, explore alternative conceptions of rights, and understand the liberatory components of the "counter‐hegemonic" employment of human rights by subversive actors, which may truly hold the potentials that mainstream human rights discourse claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article aims to analyze the identity reconfiguration in migratory processes from interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives and how significant, representative, and symbolic transformations are visible. The nature is descriptive-analytical, whose source of information derives from bibliographic reviews, the state of the art of scientific research, and theoretical developments of the subject: a) the notion of identity as a dynamic, multiple, and multidimensional axis; b) theoretical perspectives and trends on identities in migrants; and c) migrations as an element that reconfigures identities, accounting for the experiential, differential dimensions: past, present, and future. The epistemological findings show that migrants configure their synthetic structure (time and space), based on the reasoning of their realities and experiences. A political exercise that generates subjective, individual/collective reorganizations. Understanding that these processes should not be reduced to figures, geostrategic problems, or Western and ethnocentric perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the social, family, and country relations between a Zapotec community on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the main cities where they emigrate to pursue higher education. At the same time, it shows the transformations in gender relations that have arisen because of these migratory processes for educational purposes. This work is part of a long-term investigation on the topic, carried out initially for my bachelor's and master's thesis and later as part of the development of my doctoral thesis from 2009 to 2013. Likewise, in the intermittent research that I have carried out to date, the results are expressed in various articles and book chapters. It is part of the studies of the anthropology of education and is based on the analytical perspective proposed by María Bertely (1997, 1998, 2004, 2019) on schooling processes, ethnogenesis, de facto autonomy, and synchronic/diachronic approach to understanding how micro and community processes, apparently isolated in time, are connected to structural, macro-social, global, and long-term processes, such as school, in its broadest sense. The methodology is based on the use of genealogy, ethnography, interviews, and participant observation as classic tools of anthropology. Among the results, we find that access to the school system, and specifically to higher education, serves as a tool for obtaining, manipulating, and preserving ethnic citizenship; for the transformation of ethnic and gender identities; and the formation of strategic alliances with the nation-state and its government policies. In that sense, the work represents an original study, analyzing the cases of Zapotec literate families of the middle and upper class, rare in Mexican anthropology. However, we will see that having class privileges does not exempt Zapotecs from experiencing racism, discrimination, and gender inequalities in the context of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we recover and expand our lenses on the research experience in dialogue with a part of María Bertely's production. To do this, and about the academic spaces that we shared with María, we return to some nodal analyses and reflections around the lines of research that we have developed for several decades regarding indigenous schooling in urban and migration contexts in Mexico. Every day, this field of study becomes more important in the face of the growing migration of the indigenous population to the various cities of the national territory. Among its multiple causes and consequences, both structural and cyclical, we analyze its links and implications with the schooling context, mainly in this text referring to elementary education considering national and international public policies. Bertely was a pioneer in studies that addressed the relationship between school and indigenous migration in urban contexts. In the fabric of these debates, the authors developed a series of investigations that make visible the right to education with cultural and linguistic recognition, mainly of indigenous populations in schools of the general system of the national territory. The text, more than reflecting a state of knowledge on the subject, documents certain journeys that refer to epistemic and methodological transformations that occurred in educational anthropological research. Likewise, it seeks to contribute to public policies in the education, diversity, and interculturalism field, an approach that currently guides the entire educational system in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La novela de formación se ha caracterizado, de acuerdo con Franco Moretti, por elevar la juventud a categoría simbólica de la modernidad, acentuándose entre sus atributos la inquietud, la movilidad y la transitoriedad. En las novelas Breath, Eyes, Memory (1994), de Edwidge Danticat, y L'Exil selon Julia (1996), de Gisèle Pineau, leídas desde el marco genérico del Bildungsroman, analizo el proceso de aprendizaje de las jóvenes protagonistas, en paralelo con el de mujeres mayores de su familia. En ambas novelas, las mujeres mayores tienen un rol clave, si no protagónico. Asimismo, las jóvenes intentan que estas mujeres mayores aprendan a leer y escribir, de manera que asumen un rol típicamente asociado con las personas adultas. De acuerdo con Yolanda Doub, el viaje, o traslado, ya sea dentro del mismo barrio o al extranjero, desencadena las experiencias de aprendizaje de los jóvenes protagonistas en las novelas de formación. En el caso de las novelas aquí analizadas, la migración propicia experiencias significativas de aprendizaje tanto para las jóvenes como para las mujeres mayores. La flexibilización de los típicos roles etarios, según los cuales las jóvenes aprenden, y las adultas enseñan, da paso a una serie intercambios intergeneracionales en los que las inquietudes, condensadas en escenas de lectura y escritura ligadas al ocio, desafían los ciclos de reproducción social de mujeres afrodescendientes y trabajadoras, así como las crono-normativas. Bildungsroman, Caribe, edad, ocio, migración. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia and Venezuela share a geographical border of 1,274 miles. Although both countries have historically had contentious border crossings, the antagonistic nature of migration across the borderlands has increased following Venezuela's current internal political crisis. The article argues that Venezuela's political climate has led to further securitisation of migration across the Colombian-Venezuelan border. It supports this argument in three ways. First, the article discusses the border as both a geographical and a man-made border. It also examines the similarities and differences that exist across the Colombian-Venezuelan border. The countries share the same language, Spanish, which unites the region and its diverse peoples with a shared history. Nevertheless, socio-economic, environmental and cultural differences widen the dividing lines between these two nations. Second, the article explores the border crossing (migration) trends. The article further discusses the effects and reasons for such border crossings. Third, it explains the securitisation theory and uses it to discuss how the border has become increasingly securitised by local and international actors. Finally, the article calls for a de-securitised approach to cross-border migration. In this regard, the article supports greater bilateral, regional and international cooperation to address the plight of people crossing the border and living in border regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 20 years, since the beginning of the 21st century, the world has experienced greater globalization, an increase in trade and investment, and a decrease in tariffs between nations. However, during this period, three commercial economic blocs have emerged that can reorient globalization in a different way, with greater regional integration and the creation of tariff and non-tariff barriers between these blocs and, above all, against other nations that are not part of any of these three blocs. The above can affect the development of international trade, globalization and world integration, especially in those nations that, as already mentioned, will have a lower capacity to attract foreign direct investment, improve their productivity and enter into global supply chains. Hence, the objective of this research is to analyze the impact generated by these three blocs, mainly the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (rcep), as well as a comparison of this bloc with the European Union (EU), as well as with the Treaty between Mexico, the United States and Canada (tmec). This research was carried out using a quantitative methodology, particularly through the descriptive method, which is based on collecting data and analysing it, in some cases, using statistics. Likewise, this research is based on the approach of international economic relations, especially on the theory of "International Order and International Society", where the recognition of nation states is proposed, emerging the concept of the International System, where there is a reciprocity of interests between nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of International Welfare Policies & Social Work Journal / Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social is the property of Asociacion Internacional de Ciencias Sociales & Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)