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OBJECTIVES: Eating disorders (EDs) typically emerge during adolescence. Parental bonding has a lasting impact on a childs mental health during those developmentally critical years. There remains uncertainty over whether parental bonding is a risk factor for developing or maintaining specifically EDs or, rather, general psychopathology and the associated underlying brain function. METHODS: Forty-one young adult healthy control individuals (HC, 26.6 ± 3.5 years) and 46 individuals with EDs (25 with anorexia nervosa, AN, 22.8 ± 6.4 years, and 21 with bulimia nervosa, BN, 23.5 ± 4.2 years) completed the parental bonding instrument (PBI), assessments for anxiety, depression, and ED behaviors, and underwent a conditioning paradigm during brain imaging. RESULTS: In both groups, perceived parental care and overprotection were correlated with state and trait anxiety and interpersonal alienation, and in HC only, with body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Individuals with an ED reported lower self-perceived parental care, but higher overprotection compared to the HC group. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) response was related to bonding measures in both groups and right NAc response mediated the relationship between maternal care and trait anxiety in HC. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived parental bonding is associated with general psychopathology, including elevated anxiety and interpersonal difficulties across HC and ED groups. Lower perceived parental care and higher overprotection could predispose healthy individuals to develop problems with body shape or weight; however, other, maybe biological factors may determine whether a person will develop an ED. The link between perceived parental bonding, NAc valence processing and anxiety implicates dopaminergic circuits that should be studied further. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III: Case-control analytic study.

Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) is one of the most effective treatments for childhood obesity. These programs include behavior change strategies and basic parenting training to help parents make healthy diet and physical activity changes for their children. While effective, not all families respond to this program. Additional training on how to effectively deliver these behavior change strategies may improve outcomes. The authoritative parenting style is associated with many positive academic and socio-emotional outcomes in children, and is characterized by displays of warmth and support while also being consistent with setting limits and boundaries. This parenting style has also been associated with normal weight status. Furthermore, parenting training programs that promote this parenting style for children with behavioral issues have shown unintended effects on decreasing child weight status. Therefore, our goal was to examine the effect of adding more intensive parenting training to FBT on child weight status. We randomized 140 children and their parent to either FBT or FBT + Parenting Training (FBT + PT). Assessments were conducted at baseline, mid-treatment (month 3), post-treatment (month 6), 6-month follow-up (month 12), and 12-month follow-up (month 18). Primary outcome was change in child weight status. Secondary outcomes were rates of drop-out, treatment adherence, and acceptability. If effective, this program may provide another alternative for families to help improve outcomes in childhood obesity management.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of information literacy on cognitive skills and individual factors (self-efficacy and motivation) in the curriculum of secondary school students. Methods and Materials: This research utilized a descriptive-correlational design with a sample of 382 secondary school students (191 males and 191 females) selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires assessing information literacy, cognitive skills, selfefficacy, and academic motivation. The normality of data was confirmed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and multiple regression analysis was applied to examine the relationships between variables. Findings: The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between the information literacy in the curriculum of secondary school students and their cognitive skills and individual factors. Conclusion: Therefore, identifying the factors affecting self-efficacy and motivation can have a substantial impact on academic success and the advancement of the educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learners' behavior is basically an offshoot of the environment and effect different factors which include parenting. This study determined the Parenting Style of the parents and its effect on the behavior of the leaners. Data were statistically treated with the suitable statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage Distribution, and Cramer's V. The respondents are learners and teachers from Dansalan Annex Elementary School located at Dansalan, Sapad, Lanao del Norte. The researcher used Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Children Behavior Checklist (CBC). Results showed that the respondents had experienced an authoritative way of parenting and revealed to have positive effect on the behavior of the learners. It revealed that there is a significant relationship between the authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting to the learner's behavior. In contrast, authoritarian, has no significant relationship on the behavior of the learners. It is therefore recommended that the participation and support from the parents is needed in establishing a positive outcome in terms in the behavioral development of the learners and linked to have an influence on their academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The negative impact of medical training on trainee mental health continues to be a concern. Situated within a sociocultural milieu, Generation Z and Generation Y, defined by their highly involved parents and the widespread use of technology, currently dominate undergraduate and graduate medical education respectively. It is necessary to explore medical trainees' generational characteristics and job-related factors related to stress, burnout, depression, and resilience. This might provide different perspectives and potential solutions to medical trainees' mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical trainees (students and residents) from two institutions in Qatar. A self-administered online survey included measures for trainees' social media overuse, their parent's parenting style, the educational support by the clinical teacher, job (demands, control, and support), and work-life balance and their relation with their stress, burnout, depression, and resilience. Relationships were tested with multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Of the 326 medical trainees who responded, 142 (44%) trainees − 93 students and 49 residents – completed all items and were included in the analysis. Social media overuse and inability to maintain a work-life balance were associated with higher levels of stress, depression, and student burnout. Higher levels of job support were associated with lower levels of stress, depression, and resident burnout, and a higher level of resilience. Job control was associated with lower burnout levels. Parenting style was unrelated to trainees' mental health. Discussion: The two generations 'Y' and 'Z' dominating current medical training showed more stress-related complaints when there is evidence of social media overuse and failure to maintain a work-life balance, while job support counterbalances this, whereas parenting style showed no effect. Measures to enhance medical trainees' mental health may include education about the wise use of social media, encouraging spending more quality social time, and enhancing job support and job control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the relationships between individual and sociocultural factors and students' creativity based on a sociocultural perspective. The participants are 7,324 fifth graders from 242 schools obtained from the Korean Educational Longitudinal Study 2013. Through multilevel modeling, student gender, self-regulation behaviors, academic achievement, extrinsic motivation, and perceived parenting style at level 1, and school characteristics such as teacher's teaching methods, students' relationship with their teacher, and their teacher's academic pressure at level 2 were incorporated. The final model incorporating both level 1 and level 2 variables showed that the most significant variable related to students' creativity was self-regulation, followed by peer attachment, academic achievement, gender, relationship with their parents, academically supportive parenting style, and relationship with the teacher in the order listed. It is assumed that creativity is supported not only by elementary school children's cognitive ability but also by sociability in school, especially with peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parenting style has a profound effect on adolescents' creative development. This study identified the parenting style profiles perceived by Chinese adolescents and investigated the indirect role of regulatory focus in the relation between parenting style profiles and creativity. The participants were 514 Chinese elementary and middle school students (mean age 13.5 years; 263 boys, 251 girls) who completed the Short Parenting Style Scale, Regulatory Focus Questionnaire, Creativity Self-report Scale, and a task in Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Latent profile analysis distinguished three parenting style profiles: supportive, disengaged, and harsh. An analysis of variance revealed differences in parenting styles, regulatory focus, and creativity across the three perceived parenting style profiles. Structural equation modeling revealed that, compared with the disengaged profile, the supportive profile was positively associated with both self-reported creativity and creative task performance via promotion focus, but negatively associated with self-reported creativity via prevention focus; the harsh profile was positively associated with self-reported creativity via prevention focus and directly positively associated with creative task performance. Using a person-centered approach, the study enriches the literature and promotes reflection on the association between parenting style, the development of creativity, and its internal pathways. This study also demonstrates the practical value of developing adolescents' creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the intergenerational transmission of utilitarian and deontological inclinations, examining whether these pass from parents to adult children and exploring the potential moderating effects of parenting style and intergenerational involvement in this process. Background: Family factors, including religious norms and work values, influence moral development, but the intergenerational transmission of two moral inclinations—utilitarianism (emphasizing consequences, e.g., sacrificing one person to save five) and deontology (emphasizing intrinsic norms, e.g., refraining from intentionally harming the innocent)—remains underexplored. Method: We measured these inclinations in 171 parent–adult child pairs using a moral decision thought experiment and questionnaires on parenting style and intergenerational involvement. Results: Positive correlations emerged between parents and adult children for both inclinations. "Emotional warmth" in parenting style and intergenerational involvement showed significant negative moderating effects on the transmission of utilitarianism between generations. Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence of intergenerational transmission of moral inclinations. Higher emotional warmth and increased intergenerational involvement inhibit the transmission of utilitarian inclinations, leading to reduced prioritization of better consequences. Implications: Enhanced emotional warmth and greater intergenerational involvement by parents can deter the transmission of utilitarian inclinations among adult children, prioritizing adherence to intrinsic norms over intentional harm for greater benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis pilot study aimed to preliminarily evaluate a comprehensive intervention program addressing the unique challenges of Chinese migrant family parenting and mental health, focusing on educational philosophy, parenting styles, and parent-child relationships. Utilizing emotional communication techniques and behavioral parent training, the program spanned 21 d of family activities and online coaching for six families. Findings indicate significant improvements in negative parenting styles and parent-child relationships, enhancement of migrant children’s mental health, and overall family function enhancement. Innovatively, this online-based program provides convenient participation opportunities for migrant families, accommodating their busy schedules while addressing their unique parenting challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the relationship between child care choices and children's cognitive skills at an early age. The care choices include parental care, center care, relative care and non-relative care. I use children's motor and mental scores at 9 months as a baseline control for their innate ability and their reading and maths scores in kindergarten as outcome measures of cognitive development. My estimates show that non-parental care is related to better scores for children from less-educated households. Further analysis on some parenting activity and parenting style measures shows that reading to children more frequently and a healthy parenting approach have the potential to reduce the parental and non-parental care gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children's self‐care ability (SCA) is a very important part of early development and school readiness. Previous studies have shown that parenting style is essential factor that influence young children's SCA. However, much less is known about the association between different types of parenting styles and children's SCA, let alone the moderating role of executive function (EF). Methods: This study used measures such as parenting style, EF and SCA to survey children (N = 482) aged 3–7 years old and their parents. Results: The results indicated that democratic parenting style was positively correlated with children's SCA, while other parenting styles were negatively correlated with children's SCA. Moreover, with the exception of inconsistent parenting style and authoritarian parenting style, the predictive effect of parenting styles on young children's SCA is moderated by young children's EF: Democratic parenting styles and children's SCA were significantly and positively correlated when children's EF was high rather than low; coddling and permissive parenting styles and children's SCA were significantly and negatively correlated when children's EF was high rather than low. Conclusions: These findings suggest that democratic parenting styles are effective in promoting the development of SCA in children with high EF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: One of the problems that affects students, families, society, and education is school truancy. The objective of this study was to present a conceptual model of school truancy based on parental conflict and parenting style in high school students. Methods and Materials: The present research method was descriptive-structural modeling, which examined the relationship between the predictor variable, the criterion variable, and the mediator variable. The research population included all high school students in Islam Abad Gharb during the 2020-2021 academic year. The sampling method of this study was a two-stage cluster sampling. In this way, two regions were randomly selected from the areas of Islam Abad Gharb, and from these two regions, five schools were randomly selected, totaling 500 students. Data were obtained using the Parent-Child Relationship Scale by Fine et al. (1983), the School Truancy Scale by Khormaee and Saleh Ardestani (2015), and the Parenting Style Questionnaire by Buri (1991). Data were analysed with SEM method using AMOS-24. Findings: The results showed that the path coefficient between the subscales of the parent-child relationship, including involvement and school truancy (p = 0.001, β = -0.19), positive feelings and school truancy (p = 0.001, β = -0.43), and communication and school truancy (p = 0.001, β = -0.23), were negative and significant. However, anger and school truancy (p = 0.001, β = 0.23) were positive and significant. Additionally, authoritative parenting style (p = 0.001, β = -0.52) was negatively and significantly related to school truancy, while permissive parenting style (p = 0.001, β = 0.59) and authoritarian parenting style (p = 0.001, β = 0.36) were positively and significantly related to school truancy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that school truancy based on parental conflict and parenting style is predictable in high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusion Relevance to Clinical Practice Patient or Public Contribution Leukaemia children often encounter various social adaptation issues stemming from changes in their living environment. Identifying and optimising the factors associated with social adaptation is crucial in improving social adaptation in children with leukaemia.To investigate social adaptation in children with leukaemia and to clarify the impact pathway of cognitive flexibility, problem behaviour, prosocial behaviour, parenting style and social support on social adaptation.Using a convenience sampling method, 264 leukaemia children completed a cross‐sectional survey. Data were collected using the Social Adaptation Assessment Scale for Children with Leukaemia, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Cognitive Flexibility Scale, Short‐Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran and Multi‐Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Structural equation modelling was used to test the influencing factors of social adaptation.Social support directly influenced social adaptation (β = 0.19, p < 0.01) and indirectly influenced social adaptation through prosocial behaviour (β = 0.06, p < 0.01) and problem behaviour (β = 0.18, p < 0.01). Prosocial behaviour (β = 0.17, p < 0.01) and problem behaviour (β = −0.61, p < 0.01) directly influenced social adaptation. Negative parenting directly influenced social adaptation (β = 0.12, p < 0.01) and indirectly influenced social adaptation (β = −0.23, p < 0.01) through problem behaviour.Our finding indicated that there are prominent social adjustment problems in the recovery process of children with leukaemia. These findings suggest that targeted education is needed to enhance social adaptation among children with leukaemia.The final model should serve as a framework to guide intervention research targeting social support and negative parenting to improve the social adaptation of children with leukaemia. During the recovery process, nurses need to regularly follow up on the children's social adaptation and encourage them to participate in social activities to increase social support while providing family guidance based on improving parenting styles.The subjects of this study were children with leukaemia aged 8–18 years. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionIncreased sensitivity to internal and external stimuli, known as sensory-processing sensitivity (SPS), has been linked to attachment insecurity and less optimal parenting styles in parents of children aged 4–13 years. Associations between these parenting factors in parents of children aged 3 years and younger have not yet been investigated. Understanding the relationships between these factors will facilitate the development of strategies to better support highly sensitive parents.A sample of 153 parents of children aged 3 years and younger completed an online survey comprising standardised measures of SPS, attachment, and infant parenting styles. The underlying factor structure of the Infancy Parenting Styles Questionnaire was investigated.Factor analysis identified 33 items loading onto five factors: Discipline, Routine, Anxiety, Nurturance, and Involvement, with moderate to high reliability. SPS was positively correlated with parenting anxiety, attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance, but did not predict parenting style. Younger parent age was associate with more insecure attachment styles. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that variability in parenting anxiety was predicted only by attachment anxiety and having fewer children.While SPS was not seen to predict parenting anxiety, relationships between SPS, parenting anxiety, and insecure attachment suggest that strategies tailored to SPS would support highly sensitive parents to care for their children and promote improved parent–child relationships. These strategies may therefore be a beneficial addition to attachment-based parenting programs. Further studies using the Toddler Parenting Styles Questionnaire (TPSQ) are needed to identify optimal parenting styles for parents of infants and toddlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment styles as intermediaries in the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and parenting styles among Iranian women. Methods: Data for this study was collected between September and December 2020. The participants consisted of 102 women who had been referred to Social Emergency Centers in Isfahan due to their experiences with domestic violence. Participants filled out the Haj-Yahia Violence Questionnaire, Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (BPSQ), and the Attachment Styles Questionnaire (AAQ). To examine the hypothesized relationships, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. Results: Economic IPV victimization was negatively related to secure attachment (β = − 0.309, p = 0.019) and positively related with authoritative parenting (β = 0.422, p = 0.019) and avoidant attachment style (β = 0.563, p = 0.000). There was a significant, positive relationship between sexual IPV victimization with secure and avoidant attachment styles (β = 0.351, p = 0.011; β = 0.407, p = 0.000). Authoritative parenting style was related to avoidant attachment (β = − 0.524, p = 0.015) and secure attachment (β = 0.371, p = 0.000). Conclusions: Iranian IPV victims with secure attachment style were more likely to utilize authoritative parenting and those who have avoidant attachment were less likely to use authoritative parenting. Attachment styles may influence the relationship between IPV and parenting styles in Iranian women who have experienced IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical performance, a competitive edge for children, has received ample attention from stakeholders, especially from parents. However, the association between parenting style and children's mathematics performance remains open to debate, and longitudinal studies are lacking. Therefore, this study used longitudinal data from four waves of surveys (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018), with an initial sample of 1042 children (51.5% girls) aged 11, 13, and 15 years. Positive associations between supportive parenting style and higher mathematics scores were observed across all waves, both in unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear regression models, with all p < 0.05. Even after running five sets of sensitivity analyses (e.g., controlling counting skills in toddlerhood, imputing key covariates), the positive association remained robust. Ultimately, we found that supportive parenting style was positively associated with improved mathematical performance in adolescents measured up to six years later. This finding underscores the importance of supportive parenting in enhancing adolescents' mathematical performance and suggests that integrating supportive parenting strategies into family-based approaches may effectively improve children's mathematical achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAlthough previous research has suggested that parenting style affects children’s peer relationships, the influential mechanism remains a subject of debate. We propose that parental mentalizing plays a crucial role in parenting style and peer relationships. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationships between family parenting styles, parental mentalizing, and peer relationships during early adolescence. In this study, 379 primary school students (Mean age = 12.17 years, SD = 0.92) and their parents were assessed using the Family Parenting Style Scale, Peer Relationship Satisfaction Scale, and a distorted mentalizing task. The results showed a mediating effect of parental mentalizing between parenting style and peer relationships. For fathers, a favorable parenting style affects children’s peer relationships through mentalizing. Among mothers, interference, protection, and punishment affect their children’s peer relationships through mentalizing. In conclusion, parenting style affects peer relationships through parental mentalizing. Fathers’/mothers’ parenting style and parental mentalizing affect their children’s peer relationships differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parenting styles adopted by parents have a particularly important role in creating and maintaining a child's wellbeing. Psychological and educational research has been consistently concerned with the relationship between parenting practices and child wellbeing. Multiple factors, including cultural, economic, societal and demographic, can influence this relationship. This study aims to examine the association between the wellbeing of rural children and authoritarian, democratic, and permissive parenting styles. The study was conducted between February and March 2024 and those who werw involved were 115 pupils between the ages of 13 and 14 (M = 13.13, SD = 0.33) together with their respective parents. In order to measure parenting styles, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire in short form (PSDQ) was used, whereas The Stirling Children's Wellbeing Scale (SCWBS) was used to gauge children's wellbeing. The results of the Pearson analysis have shown that the democratic parenting style positively correlates with the manifestations of wellbeing (positive emotional state, positive outlook on the future). Conversely, the authoritarian parenting style correlates negatively with the wellbeing dimensions, while the permissive parenting style does not correlate with any of the aforementioned dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the development of children's social skills during the crucial transition from kindergarten to grade school. It explores the long-term connection between parenting styles and children's social skills. This study conducted a three-year longitudinal survey involving 121 children and their parents. The results show that early authoritative parenting styles were significant positive associated with children's social skills in second grade, and early authoritarian parenting styles were significant negative associated with children's social skills in second grade. Child-parent relationship closeness and receptive language skills mediate the association between early parenting styles and second-grade children's social skills. We propose that improving the closeness of the child-parent relationship and enhancing children's receptive language skills could effectively enhance children's social skills. This provides theoretical support for intervention programmes aimed at improving children's social skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of mothers' democratic, authoritarian, permissive, and overprotective parenting styles in childhood obesity and mothers' perception of their children's body weight. Method: The research was cross-sectional in design, and a total of 94 children aged between two and six years were included, together with their mothers. Mothers were administered the Parental Attitude Scale, and children's Body Mass Index (BMI) was classified using agegender- specific tables of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). The effect of mothers' parental attitudes on their children's BMI groups was evaluated. However, mothers matched their child's appearance to the appearance they thought corresponded to the age and genderspecific weight plot and mothers' weight perceptions were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of overweight-obesity among children was found to be 19.2%. There wasn't statistically difference between democratic, authoritarian, overprotective and permissive parenting styles and BMI categories of children (p=0.819, p=0.878, p=0.319, p=0.494). The mothers of overweight-obese children perceived their children as significantly overweight compared to other children (p<0.001), they associated their overweight-obese children with the normal body weight imagery. Mothers of children with a normal body weight also selected thinner child images to represent their own child. Conclusions: Mothers of children with normal body weight and overweight-obese BMI, perceived their children's body weight as thinner than it actually was. It's recommended that mothers' perceptions of their children's body weight be assessed in well-child clinics. In cases where these perceptions are inaccurate, mothers should be informed and provided with educational materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Parenting style is something that is close to us in our daily lives, and it is because of this that we have become the person we are today. A parenting style from parents to their children can affect the development of the child’s personality and emotions in their process towards adulthood. The purpose of this study is to see how Coraline’s personality is affected by the different parenting styles between real parents and ‘other parents’. This study uses New Criticism as an approach to analyze the characterization and plot of the story and therefore examines how Coraline’s personality is affected by the different parenting styles between the real parents and the 'other parents'. Therefore, the method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative. The results of this study found that the personality of Coraline was formed because of parenting styles from her parents and Coraline's emotions change depending on what her parents gave.

Abstract Purpose The primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment styles as intermediaries in the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and parenting styles among Iranian women. Methods Data for this study was collected between September and December 2020. The participants consisted of 102 women who had been referred to Social Emergency Centers in Isfahan due to their experiences with domestic violence. Participants filled out the Haj-Yahia Violence Questionnaire, Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (BPSQ), and the Attachment Styles Questionnaire (AAQ). To examine the hypothesized relationships, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. Results Economic IPV victimization was negatively related to secure attachment (β = − 0.309, p = 0.019) and positively related with authoritative parenting (β = 0.422, p = 0.019) and avoidant attachment style (β = 0.563, p = 0.000). There was a significant, positive relationship between sexual IPV victimization with secure and avoidant attachment styles (β = 0.351, p = 0.011; β = 0.407, p = 0.000). Authoritative parenting style was related to avoidant attachment (β = − 0.524, p = 0.015) and secure attachment (β = 0.371, p = 0.000). Conclusions Iranian IPV victims with secure attachment style were more likely to utilize authoritative parenting and those who have avoidant attachment were less likely to use authoritative parenting. Attachment styles may influence the relationship between IPV and parenting styles in Iranian women who have experienced IPV.

Abstract Mathematical performance, a competitive edge for children, has received ample attention from stakeholders, especially from parents. However, the association between parenting style and children’s mathematics performance remains open to debate, and longitudinal studies are lacking. Therefore, this study used longitudinal data from four waves of surveys (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018), with an initial sample of 1042 children (51.5% girls) aged 11, 13, and 15 years. Positive associations between supportive parenting style and higher mathematics scores were observed across all waves, both in unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear regression models, with all p

(1) Background: Adolescent girls have increasingly faced mental health challenges. We examined prevalence trends and associated risk factors for depression among adolescent girls. (2) Methods: Data for girls aged 12 to 17 years (N = 4346) from the 2021 cross-sectional National Survey on Drug Use and Health were analyzed. Factors associated with depression were examined using multiple regression analysis. (3) Results: Rates of severe depression were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in older girls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.63, 1.61), those who did not have authoritative parents (AOR: 3.40), and those with negative school experiences (AOR: 4.03). Black and Asian/Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders were less likely to report severe depression than white girls. As previously reported, non-white girls were significantly less likely to receive treatment for depression (p < 0.05). Parents’ characteristics and school experiences had no effect on the likelihood of receiving mental health treatment. (4) Conclusions: Depression has become increasingly common among American adolescent girls, who are now three times as likely as adolescent boys to have had recent experiences with depression. Our results show that family structure, parenting style, and negative school experiences significantly contribute to the rate of depression and that treatment disparities exist with regard to race and ethnicity. The results of our research could be valuable for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and educators in developing specific preventative initiatives and support networks that effectively address these unique challenges.

Background: Parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may face several challenges. Implementation of the Stepping Stone Triple P (SSTP) for parents proved to have an effect on reducing parents’ negative emotions and children’s disruptive behavior. However, some studies state otherwise. Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of the SSTP on parents’ negative emotions and disruptive behavior in children with ASD. Methods: Independent searching from databases conducted using a pre-registration search strategy until November 2023. The ROB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the results of the studies. The results were analyzed with vote counting and meta analysis. The quality of evidence was analyzed using GRADE and publication bias was checked using forest plots. Results: Vote-counting analysis from 11 studies (939 populations) show that SSTP has a positive impact. Meta-analysis was found that SSTP can reduce the level of negative emotions [MD 1.14 (95% CI -1.73 to -0.55) and I2 = 0%] and children's disruptive behavior [MD 6.31 (95% CI -7.84 to -4.78) and I2 = 68 %] and still consistent after subgroup analysis resulting in 8 study arms. The quality of the evidence was moderate and publication bias was not detected. Conclusion: Most research supports that SSTP has an impact on reducing negative emotions and disruptive behavior in children with ASD. Further research with alternative parameters is still needed. To reduce bias, a randomization method according to the protocol must be applied. Latar Belakang: Orang tua anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) mungkin menghadapi beberapa tantangan. Penerapan Stepping Stone Triple P (SSTP) pada orang tua terbukti memberikan pengaruh dalam mengurangi emosi negatif orang tua dan perilaku disruptif anak. Namun, beberapa penelitian menyatakan sebaliknya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai dampak SSTP terhadap emosi negatif orang tua dan perilaku disruptif anak penderita ASD. Metode: Peninjau secara independen mencari studi dari database menggunakan strategi pencarian pra-pendaftaran hingga November 2023. ROB 2.0 digunakan untuk menilai risiko bias hasil penelitian. Hasilnya dianalisis dengan vote counting dan meta analisis. Kualitas bukti dianalisis menggunakan GRADE dan bias publikasi diperiksa menggunakan Forest Plot. Hasil: Analisis penghitungan suara dari 11 penelitian (939 populasi) menunjukkan bahwa SSTP cenderung mengurangi emosi negatif pada orang tua yang memiliki anak ASD, perilaku mengganggu pada anak, dan disfungsi pengasuhan. Meta-analisis menemukan bahwa SSTP dapat menurunkan tingkat emosi negatif [MD 1.14 (95% CI -1.73 hingga -0.55) dan I2 = 0%], dan perilaku mengganggu anak [MD 6.31 (95% CI -7.84 hingga -4.78) dan I2 = 68 %] dan masih konsisten setelah analisis sub kelompok menghasilkan 8 kelompok penelitian. Kualitas buktinya moderat dan bias publikasi tidak terdeteksi. Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar penelitian mendukung bahwa SSTP berdampak pada pengurangan emosi negatif dan perilaku mengganggu pada anak ASD. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan parameter alternatif masih diperlukan. Untuk mengurangi bias, metode pengacakan sesuai protokol harus diterapkan.

Abstract Objectives Eating disorders (EDs) typically emerge during adolescence. Parental bonding has a lasting impact on a child’s mental health during those developmentally critical years. There remains uncertainty over whether parental bonding is a risk factor for developing or maintaining specifically EDs or, rather, general psychopathology and the associated underlying brain function. Methods Forty-one young adult healthy control individuals (HC, 26.6 ± 3.5 years) and 46 individuals with EDs (25 with anorexia nervosa, AN, 22.8 ± 6.4 years, and 21 with bulimia nervosa, BN, 23.5 ± 4.2 years) completed the parental bonding instrument (PBI), assessments for anxiety, depression, and ED behaviors, and underwent a conditioning paradigm during brain imaging. Results In both groups, perceived parental care and overprotection were correlated with state and trait anxiety and interpersonal alienation, and in HC only, with body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Individuals with an ED reported lower self-perceived parental care, but higher overprotection compared to the HC group. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) response was related to bonding measures in both groups and right NAc response mediated the relationship between maternal care and trait anxiety in HC. Conclusions Perceived parental bonding is associated with general psychopathology, including elevated anxiety and interpersonal difficulties across HC and ED groups. Lower perceived parental care and higher overprotection could predispose healthy individuals to develop problems with body shape or weight; however, other, maybe biological factors may determine whether a person will develop an ED. The link between perceived parental bonding, NAc valence processing and anxiety implicates dopaminergic circuits that should be studied further. Level of Evidence: Level III: Case–control analytic study

Abstract To investigate the association between parenting style and child’s dental caries. Parents presenting with their children to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine for an initial exam or re-care appointment completed a demographic survey and the parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire. Recruitment of subjects started in May 2019 and ended in February of 2020. Child’s decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index, diet score, sex, and age were recorded, as were parent’s race, education level, and form of payment. Adjustment for confounders was done using multivariable negative binomial regression. The sample size was 210 parent/child dyads. In the multivariable analysis, parenting style and child’s dmft were not significantly associated (p > 0.05). Parents with an education level less than high school (p = 0.02) and at the high school graduate level (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with children who had higher dmft, compared to parents with a college degree or higher. Children with excellent diet scores had significantly lower dmft than children with a diet score in the “needs improvement” category (p = 0.003). There was no significant evidence that parenting style is associated with child’s dental caries. Parent’s education level and child’s diet score were significantly associated with child’s dmft, less than high school (p = 0.02) and at the level of high school graduate (p = 0.008). Pediatric dental professionals should be aware of these risk indicators.

Risk behaviors frequently co-occur in adolescence and may share the same risk and protective factors, including parental factors. However, few longitudinal studies analyze this relationship with an approach that considers that adolescents may engage in more than one risk behavior simultaneously, especially in low-and-middle-income countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to extend existing knowledge by (1) identifying different latent patterns of risk behaviors; (2) evaluating whether parental factors (such as parenting styles, parental alcohol use, and parental living status) predicted these patterns of risk behaviors in a sample of Brazilian students. Seventy-two public schools with 6,391 seventh and eighth grade students participated in this longitudinal study. Measures used were collected at baseline and 21 months later. Four latent classes of adolescent risk behaviors (drug use, bullying, and unprotected sex) were identified through latent class analyses: "low-risk behaviors," "high bullying," "high alcohol use and bullying," and "high-risk behaviors." We found that authoritative parenting style is a protective factor for all risk behavior classes, and an indulgent parenting style seems to protect against the "high bullying" group. In addition, maternal drunkenness is a risk factor for adolescents' likelihood of belonging to the "high alcohol use and bullying" and "high-risk behavior" classes. Thus, prevention programs should focus on building positive parenting skills and raising awareness of the parental alcohol abuse effects once they seem to act as a protective factor to different types of risk behaviors simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates, in the Indian context, the relationship between a mother's perceived parenting style and children's cognitive style. The focus is on the two specific cognitive styles-field dependence and field independence. Field-dependent (FD) individuals depend on external cues, are influenced by the environment and other people, and cannot distinguish details from larger information presented to them. While Field Independent (FI) individuals depend on internal cues, are not influenced by the environment and other people, and tend to pick out finer details from the surrounding context. The participants comprised 70 young adults (14 males & 56 females), aged between 17 years to 20 years. This critical developmental stage is commonly associated with self-exploration and identity formation. The data collection involved the administration of Herman Witkin's Embedded Figures Test (Witkin, 1971) to form two groups of participants that vary in their cognitive styles-Field Dependent and fieldindependent. Then, a Perceived Parenting Style Questionnaire was administered to them (Gafoor & Kurakkun, 2014). The results obtained were analyzed using the non-parametric test Chi-Square. The obtained value was found to be insignificant. Hence, it is concluded that children's cognitive style and mother's parenting style are independent of each other. In the Indian collectivistic society, many people contribute to the parenting and socialization process of the children. Thus, many other cultural, familial, societal, and contextual factors need to be investigated to derive a holistic understanding of the cognitive development of Indian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: The objective of the present investigation is to examine the predictive influence of parenting style on the spirit of student participation, with an emphasis on the mediating role of self-efficacy. Methods: The methodological approach employed is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population encompasses both male and female high school students in Parsian, totaling 934 individuals. Following a cluster random sampling procedure, a sample of 272 students, comprising 136 females and 136 males, was analyzed. The research instruments utilized consist of three questionnaires: the parenting styles questionnaire by Baumrind (1973), the self-efficacy scale developed by Jink and Morgan (1999), and the student participation spirit measure articulated by Anderson et al. (2019). Results: The findings derived from correlation coefficients and path analysis of the variables indicated that 1- a significant relationship exists between each of the parenting style subscales and the variables of self-efficacy and participation spirit. However, the permissive parenting style does not exhibit a significant correlation with the spirit of participation. 2- In the path analysis, it was revealed that solely the negligent parenting style fails to significantly predict the spirit of participation. Conversely, the authoritative parenting style demonstrates a positive and significant predictive capacity for the spirit of participation when mediated by self-efficacy. In contrast, the authoritarian parenting style exhibits a negative predictive influence on the spirit of participation. Conclusions: These measures are essential steps toward creating a more agile organization, as recommended for managers and officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the association between parenting style and child's dental caries. Parents presenting with their children to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine for an initial exam or re-care appointment completed a demographic survey and the parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire. Recruitment of subjects started in May 2019 and ended in February of 2020. Child's decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index, diet score, sex, and age were recorded, as were parent's race, education level, and form of payment. Adjustment for confounders was done using multivariable negative binomial regression. The sample size was 210 parent/child dyads. In the multivariable analysis, parenting style and child's dmft were not significantly associated (p > 0.05). Parents with an education level less than high school (p = 0.02) and at the high school graduate level (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with children who had higher dmft, compared to parents with a college degree or higher. Children with excellent diet scores had significantly lower dmft than children with a diet score in the "needs improvement" category (p = 0.003). There was no significant evidence that parenting style is associated with child's dental caries. Parent's education level and child's diet score were significantly associated with child's dmft, less than high school (p = 0.02) and at the level of high school graduate (p = 0.008). Pediatric dental professionals should be aware of these risk indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents may develop burnout when they chronically lack the resources to handle parenting stressors. Although the relationship between parental burnout and child-related variables has been explored, its impact on adolescents' development remains unknown. This study investigates the effect of mothers' parental burnout on social adaptation and security in adolescents, and the mediating roles of mothers' parenting styles. Questionnaires were distributed to adolescents and their mothers at three time points with an interval of six weeks. In the first survey, 916 mothers completed a parental burnout assessment. In the second, 1054 adolescents completed maternal rejection and maternal autonomy support scales, and a Harsh Parenting assessment. In the third, 1053 adolescents completed Children and Adolescent Social Adaptation and Security Questionnaires. In total, 411 paired data points were matched (mothers' age: M = 42.1, SD = 4.65; adolescents' age: M = 13.1, SD = 0.52). The results of bootstrapping indicated the following: (1) Mothers' parental burnout negatively predicted adolescents' social adaptation and security. (2) Mothers' parenting styles of rejection, harsh parenting, and autonomy support mediated the relationship between parental burnout and social adaptation and security. These findings confirmed the importance of mothers' influence on adolescents' parenting activities. Therefore, the enrichment of parenting resources and a decrease in the use of negative parenting styles may promote the healthy psychological development of the children of mothers facing parental burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stigma surrounding mental illness is pervasive among athletes competing at the highest levels, and the adolescent athlete's parenting style, self-esteem, and mental toughness are intimately linked to this stigma. These factors are particularly influential in determining the future career trajectory and athletic pursuits of young athletes. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between parenting style and the stigma of mental toughness in adolescent athletes, while also confirming the intermediary influence of self-esteem and mental toughness in the relationship between the two variables. A survey was initiated on randomly selected 386 athletes at or above Level I in Guangdong Province through standardized questionnaires based on a parenting assessment scale, self-stigma scale, self-esteem scale, and mental toughness scale. The analysis and experimentation show that parenting style has a significant negative predictive impact on the self-esteem, mental toughness, and mental illness stigma of adolescent athletes. The impact of age and gender on the above factors are also explored. Furthermore, parenting style was also found to indirectly predict mental illness stigma through a chain mediation effect of self-esteem and mental toughness. These results highlight the importance of considering parenting style in improving the self-esteem and mental toughness of adolescent athletes, with the ultimate goal of reducing the stigma of mental illness among this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined temperament development from early to middle adolescence and the roles of parenting styles and parent temperament in this development. The sample consisted of 842 adolescents (n = 842 in Grade 6; 54% girls) and their parents (N = 707). Adolescents assessed their temperament in Grades 6 and 9 and parents assessed their temperament and parenting styles when adolescents were in Grade 6. The results showed that adolescent affiliativeness increased and effortful control decreased from early to middle adolescence. High parental warmth was related to higher adolescent affiliativeness and higher effortful control, but also to a decrease in adolescent negative affectivity. High parental behavioral control, in turn, was related to adolescents' initially higher, but subsequently decreasing surgency. Further, high parental psychological control was related to lower adolescent effortful control. Parent temperament was also related to adolescent temperament, and parenting styles partially mediated several associations between parents' and adolescents' temperament. The results suggest that parents' temperament and parenting styles are related to adolescents' temperament development in a complex manner, even as adolescents seek to gain independence from parents. Understanding the roles of parental temperament and parenting in adolescent temperament development is important in order to support adolescents in their development towards a stable adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study investigated the association between parenting styles and malevolent creativity. Methods: It used latent profile analysis to compare the differences in malevolent creativity between different combinations of parenting styles with an online sample (N = 620). Results: The results of the study suggest that a three-profile solution best fits the data, and the three profiles were labelled positive open parenting, undifferentiated parenting and negative limited parenting. Subsequent analyses revealed that there were significant differences in malevolent creativity performance among the three parenting styles, with participants in the positive open parenting having more malevolent creativity. Those with undifferentiated parenting had the lowest scores. Discussion: The findings provide theoretical guidance for parenting strategies. Future intervention studies on malevolent creativity should also consider the potential impact of parenting style to obtain better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the parenting styles, parenting stress, challenges and coping mechanisms among selected solo fathers in the Philippines. Information was gathered through an initial survey questionnaire distributed to twenty solo fathers, ultimately resulting in twelve final respondents. The selection of participants utilized snowball sampling techniques, enabling an in-depth examination of the experiences of those solo fathers actively involved in raising their children as the sole parent. Participants were chosen based on specific criteria: (1) Solo Fathers, individuals assuming primary caregiving responsibility without a partner, whether divorced, separated, widowed, or never married; (2) Age range between 25 and 55 years; (3) Participants must have children. Data gathering procedure involved quantitative measures using validated instruments like the Parenting Style Inventory (PSI), categorizing styles into Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, and Uninvolved, and the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) to assess stress levels. Qualitative insights were captured through a carefully crafted interview protocol exploring solo fathers' experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms. Results from the analysis revealed two significant subjects: challenges experienced among solo fathers, encompassing role fulfillment and obligations, with two sub-themes under role fulfillment--discipline and care. Coping strategies emerged with two main themes: (1) coping strategies for authoritative parenting styles, including direct-seeking help and indirect-seeking help, and (2) coping strategies for authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, which involved accepting responsibility and seeking support. By delving into the unique experiences of solo fathers, the research contributes to the university's mission by addressing the diverse challenges faced by individuals assuming the role of the sole parent. Moreover, this research resonates with the university's commitment to environmental stewardship and social holiness by providing insights on the challenges confronted by solo fathers contributing to the broader realm of psychology, fostering a holistic approach to academic and societal engagement while actively contributing to the transformation of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the traditional Chinese cultural belief of "male breadwinner, female homemaker", as well as the systemic and interactive characteristics of families, this study aims to explore the relationship between maternal gatekeeping behavior and the quality and quantity of paternal parenting, as well as adolescent aggressive behavior. A total of 483 seventh-grade students completed questionnaires on maternal gatekeeping behavior, paternal involvement, parenting styles, and aggressive behavior. Latent profile analysis identified four parenting combinations: positive, negative, mixed, and neglectful. Adolescents under negative parenting exhibited the highest aggression and experienced the highest maternal gatekeeping behavior, while those under positive and neglectful parenting showed the least aggression and least maternal gatekeeping behavior. Maternal gatekeeping behavior correlated with paternal negative parenting and adolescent aggression. Paternal negative parenting mediated the relationship between maternal gatekeeping and aggression, while paternal involvement moderated this relationship. These findings highlight the role of parental interaction in adolescent behavior and support family-based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most reliable indicator of success in higher education is prior scholastic achievement. It shapes the personal development and prospects of students, reflecting their abilities, knowledge, and skills. The objective of this study is to explore the factors affecting scholastic achievement through review of literature, discussing aspects other than personal intelligence. For educational practices to be effective, it is vital to comprehend the role of other elements that affect scholastic achievement of students beyond their personal intelligence. Teachers, administrators and policymakers can carry out targeted efforts to advance equal opportunities and improve overall academic accomplishments by recognizing, addressing and considering these elements, which include and are not limited to, parenting style, social media addiction, academic anxiety, academic motivation, peer relation, school environment, home environment and socio-economic status. Because it provides an overview of how these factors affect academic success, this study is important as it can encourage students and parents to adopt supportive learning settings and resources that promote educational outcomes. According to the study's findings, it is critical that parents and educational institutions maintain a well-balanced learning environment that prioritizes their individual needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The negative impact of medical training on trainee mental health continues to be a concern. Situated within a sociocultural milieu, Generation Z and Generation Y, defined by their highly involved parents and the widespread use of technology, currently dominate undergraduate and graduate medical education respectively. It is necessary to explore medical trainees’ generational characteristics and job-related factors related to stress, burnout, depression, and resilience. This might provide different perspectives and potential solutions to medical trainees’ mental health.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical trainees (students and residents) from two institutions in Qatar. A self-administered online survey included measures for trainees’ social media overuse, their parent’s parenting style, the educational support by the clinical teacher, job (demands, control, and support), and work-life balance and their relation with their stress, burnout, depression, and resilience. Relationships were tested with multiple linear regression analyses.Results Of the 326 medical trainees who responded, 142 (44%) trainees − 93 students and 49 residents – completed all items and were included in the analysis. Social media overuse and inability to maintain a work-life balance were associated with higher levels of stress, depression, and student burnout. Higher levels of job support were associated with lower levels of stress, depression, and resident burnout, and a higher level of resilience. Job control was associated with lower burnout levels. Parenting style was unrelated to trainees’ mental health.Discussion The two generations ‘Y’ and ‘Z’ dominating current medical training showed more stress-related complaints when there is evidence of social media overuse and failure to maintain a work-life balance, while job support counterbalances this, whereas parenting style showed no effect. Measures to enhance medical trainees’ mental health may include education about the wise use of social media, encouraging spending more quality social time, and enhancing job support and job control.

Empathy is crucial for individuals to interact well with others, but it has been declining among teenagers. This decline has led to increased bullying and antisocial behavior. This study aims to examine empathy in adolescents in terms of parenting, peer social support, and gender. The study involved 176 samples using a cluster random sampling technique, which included all 11th-grade students of SMA 11 Jambi City. The research follows a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression tests and independent sample T-tests to compare empathy based on gender. The results showed that authoritarian parenting affects empathy by 0.8%, democratic parenting affects empathy by 5.8%, permissive parenting affects empathy by 4.7%, peer social support significantly affects empathy by 27.9%, and overall parenting and peer social support together influence empathy by 71.9%. A comparison of empathy by gender found that women scored higher than men, with a mean difference of 1.43 and a significance of 0.005, indicating a significant difference. The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of how gender differences also impact adolescent empathy, which can help parents optimize their parenting and create a positive peer environment for adolescents in order to foster empathy within them.

Abstract Background Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for physical and mental development. For that, sounding the alarm for the warning signs and red flags of children’s mental health disorders is important to promote good health and mental wellness throughout the lifespan. The aim of the study was to assess children’s and adolescents’ mental health in relation to parenting styles. Methods This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. From early May 2022 until late October 2022, Zagazig University in Egypt hosted this investigation. Subjects: For this study, 400 parents of Zagazig University staff, employees, and workers who agreed to engage in the current study were gathered as a convenience sample. Tools: In order to get the required data, three tools were utilized. Tool I: A questionnaire for interviews to gather demographic information about the participating parents and their children. Tool II: Adapted Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scale: Parent Version (for children 4–17 years). Tool III: Parenting style scale. Results It was found that criteria for conduct disorder constituted the highest followed by criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depression disorder with a mean and standard deviation of 15.10 ± 3.7, 12.83 ± 3.4, and 11.9 ± 2.8. Also, 66% of the participating parents practiced a permissive parenting style while 18% of them practiced the authoritative style and 16% for the authoritarian style. Conclusion It was determined that criteria of conduct disorder were the most prevalent, followed by criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder. Additionally, there was high statistical significance between mental health disorders, parenting styles, and parental educational level. In order to protect children’s and adolescents’ mental health, this study recommended alerting parents and teachers about red flags and warning signs of mental health disorders for early detection and management. Additionally, educate parents about effective parenting methods and how to behave correctly with their children. Psychological counseling centers for seeking help should be available everywhere and announced.

Yan Jin,1 Yiju Wang,2 Shusen Liu,3 Sifang Niu,4 Hao Sun,1 Yan Liu,5 Ning Liu6 1School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272002, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272002, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150076, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, 264003, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272002, People’s Republic of China; 6School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan Liu; Ning Liu, Email hakunaly@163.com; 631864@qq.comAim: Stressful life events have a significant impact on the mental health of college students. Depression, as a prevalent psychological issue, has garnered attention in the field of college student mental health and is closely linked to it. Additionally, parenting style is identified as an important factor influencing the development of college students’ mental health. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between these three factors.Methods: A total of 8079 first-year college students from two medical universities in Shandong Province, China were surveyed. The Beck Depression Inventory was utilized to evaluate depressive symptoms among the college students, while the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist and the Egna Minnen Beträfande Uppfostran were employed to gather data. Subsequently, the SPSS macro program PROCESS was utilized to analyze both the mediating and moderating effects. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0.Results: The study found a detection rate of 6.3% for depressive symptoms among college students. The correlation analysis of this study showed that the stressful life events of college students were significantly positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=0.261, p< 0.01). Each dimension of parenting style was associated with depressive symptoms in different degrees and directions. At the same time, parenting styles of all sizes play a partial mediating role between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in college students, gender plays a crucial regulatory role in this mediation.Conclusion: Stressful life events experienced by college students have a significant impact on their mental health. Early intervention through positive parenting styles from parents may prove to be beneficial in promoting the development of good mental health among college students.Keywords: college students, stressful life events, depressive symptoms, parenting style, gender

Abstract This study explored the relationship between parenting stress, parenting style, parenting quality, and young children's executive function. In total, 243 firstborns aged 2–9 years old (SD = 3.82) and their parents from two-child families in Beijing participated in the study, which used executive function tasks and parenting questionnaires. The results found that (1) parenting stress negatively predicted parenting quality; (2) parenting style partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and parenting quality; (3) children's executive function partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and parenting quality; and (4) the spoiled, democratic, permissive, and authoritarian parenting styles each play a chain mediating role with young children's executive function between parenting stress and parenting quality. Taken together, these findings provide implications for scientific parenting of children with different psychological characteristics (such as executive function) in multiple-child families under Parenting stress.

Background: Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for physical and mental development. For that, sounding the alarm for the warning signs and red flags of children's mental health disorders is important to promote good health and mental wellness throughout the lifespan. The aim of the study was to assess children's and adolescents' mental health in relation to parenting styles. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. From early May 2022 until late October 2022, Zagazig University in Egypt hosted this investigation. Subjects: For this study, 400 parents of Zagazig University staff, employees, and workers who agreed to engage in the current study were gathered as a convenience sample. Tools: In order to get the required data, three tools were utilized. Tool I: A questionnaire for interviews to gather demographic information about the participating parents and their children. Tool II: Adapted Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scale: Parent Version (for children 4–17 years). Tool III: Parenting style scale. Results: It was found that criteria for conduct disorder constituted the highest followed by criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depression disorder with a mean and standard deviation of 15.10 ± 3.7, 12.83 ± 3.4, and 11.9 ± 2.8. Also, 66% of the participating parents practiced a permissive parenting style while 18% of them practiced the authoritative style and 16% for the authoritarian style. Conclusion: It was determined that criteria of conduct disorder were the most prevalent, followed by criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder. Additionally, there was high statistical significance between mental health disorders, parenting styles, and parental educational level. In order to protect children's and adolescents' mental health, this study recommended alerting parents and teachers about red flags and warning signs of mental health disorders for early detection and management. Additionally, educate parents about effective parenting methods and how to behave correctly with their children. Psychological counseling centers for seeking help should be available everywhere and announced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]