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Objective: Hyperglycemia promotes inflammation through inducing the formation of AGE products, which bind with receptor AGE (RAGE) products in cell membranes, leading to the activation of necrosis factor–kappa beta (NF-κB). This study aimed to analyze the effects of tempeh-based supplement (TBS) preparations of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) tempeh against mRNA expressions of RAGE and NF-κB on the pancreas of a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) mice model. Material and Methods: This research was a quasi-experiment, with pre and post-tests with a control design for blood glucose levels; and post-test only utilizing control for mRNA RAGE and NF-κB expressions. A total of 30 male mice, 8-10 weeks old, weighing 20-25 g were divided into 6 treatment groups: non-diabetic, Diabetic, Diabetic+metformin, Diabetic+TBS 10 mg/100 g BW, Diabetic+TBS 20 mg/100 g BW, and Diabetic+TBS 40 mg/100 g BW. STZ induction once a day for two days was preceded by NA to create a DM mice model; meanwhile, TBS was administrated once a day for 21 days. Results: The mean difference of fasting glucose levels in the diabetic+TBS 40 mg/100 g BW group was the highest when compared to the diabetic group (159.52±1.85) mg/dL. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in fasting glucose levels, RAGE and NF-κB expressions in the Diabetic+TBS group at various dosage levels compared to the diabetic control group. Relative mRNA expressions of RAGE and NF-κB were downregulated in the treatment group compared to the diabetic control group. Conclusion: TBS can decrease fasting blood glucose levels and downregulate relative mRNA expressions of RAGE and NF-κB in type 2 DM mice.

Fibrosis is common profound in diabetes condition, they characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix in tissue then cause tissue injury. The study aim to investigate effect of monoculture, conditioned media, and coculture fibroblast of NIH3T3 cells (NIH3T3 cells) in LPS-high glucose media (HG-LPS media) conditions on mRNA TGF-β and collagen secretion. The fibroblast NIH3T3 were cultured with various culture type there is mono culture NIH3T3 cells, conditioned media from macrophage RAW264.7 cells culture media, and coculture with RAW264.7 cells (ratio 1:1 and 1:2) in normal media (media containing 4500 µg/mL of glucose) and HG-LPS media (media containing LPS 0.25 µg/mL and D-glucose 5400 µg/mL). Our findings shows that the TGF-β mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 and NIH 3T3 cell coculture media with a culture ratio of 1:1 (Coculture 1:1) were the highest (p

Increased cholesterol level increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-2 (SREBP-2) is a transcription factor for the synthesis of cholesterol genes. SREBP-2 can induce the expression of HMG CoA Reductase (HMGR). HMGR is a key cholesterol synthesis enzyme. Indonesianin-5, derived from Mahogany seeds (Swietenia macrophylla K), is a flavonoid. Indonesianin-5 is known to have a hypocholesterolemic effect. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of Indonesianin-5 to decrease LDL and cholesterol levels and the expression of hepatic SREBP-2 and HMGR. Rattus norvegicus were grouped into 5 groups: normal group (N), Hypercholesterolemia group (HC), Hypercholesterolemic groups given simvastatin (HC+Sim), 10 mg of Indonesianin-5 (HC+ 10 Ind-5) and 90 mg of Indonesianin-5 (HC+ 90 Ind-5). In silico analysis was used to determine the effects of Indonesianin-5. The expressions of SREBP-2 and HMGR were analyzed by the RT-PCR method. Indonesianin-5 inhibited the activity of the HMGR enzyme. Expression of SREBP-2 was high after induction of Indonesianin-5 (p<0.05). The expression of HMGR was high after induction of Indonesianin-5 (p<0.05). Indonesianis-5 inhibits HMG CoA reductase and increases gene expression of SREBP-2 and HMG CoA reductase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate order (ESRO), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are hematological parameters that reflect the presence of biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This study evaluated the best haematological parameter in order to distinguish between EOC patients and healthy individuals. There were a total of 33 patients with EOC as subjects treated in Dr. Sardjito hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia and 32 volunteer subjects as controls. Curves of receiver operation, area under the curve, specificity, and sensitivity were estimated. To demonstrate EOC's presence, the ESRO was better than the hematological parameters of RDW, PLR, and NLR (AUC = 0.9245, 0.9010, 0.8351, and 0.7457, respectively; sensitivity and specificity = 83.3 and 90.6; 88.9 and 87.5; 100.0 and 68.8; and 94.4 and 53.1, respectively) at the cut-off points 1,125, 44.2, 163.2, and 2,551. Hence, ESRO is a better parameter to indicate the presence of EOC compared to RDW, PLR and NLR., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)