Search

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is global issue. Many antibiotics which is used is used in common practice against bacterial strain are no more effective against it. Same is the case of hyper virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) mostly clinical isolates of this bacteria are multi drug resistant and can cause a verity of infections. Our study aims to screen five novel chiral phthalimides (1, 3 dioxoisoindolin-2-y1)-4-methytopheonic acid labelled as FIB, 2-(1, 3-dioxoisoindlin-2y1)-4(methythio) butamic acid (FIC), 2-(1,3dioxoisoindolin-2yl)-3 meracaptopropanic acid (FIF) 2-(1-3-dioxoisoindolin-2yl)-3(4-hydroxyphnyl prophanic acid(FIH) and 3-(1, 3 dioxoisoindolin-2yl) prophanic acid (FII) against multi drug resistant hvKp and to check its cytotoxic effect against human red blood cells (RBC’s). Activity of these compounds were measured through different techniques e.g. Agar well diffusion, disc diffusion and macro broth dilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these compounds were measured as well. All five compounds were bactericidal and were observed with different concentration of inhibition e.g. MIC for FIC, FIB, FII, FIF and FIH against hvKp were 6mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml. This result show that FIC have strong activity against hvKp as compared to other compounds. None of these five compounds were toxic to human RBC’s. Chiral phthalimides showed strong antibacterial activity against hvKp and were none toxic to human RBC’s.

Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) can be performed with different catheters and its durability is still controversial. The study aimed to compare long-term results of EBD performed

Background and Objectives: To compare cystolithalopexy and percutaneous cystolithotripsy in children 6 to 15 years based on complications. Methodology: The study includes 100 patients under the age of 6 to 15 years age, split into two groups called Group-A (45) and Group B. (55). Included were those patients with stones that were smaller than 20 mm in size (on average, 14 mm). Patients in Group-A received cystolithalopexy therapy utilizing a ureteroscope and a pneumatic lithoclast assisted by a Dormia basket. Patients in Group B received percutaneous cystolithotripsy therapy. Results: The age range of the 100 male pediatric patients ranged from 6 to 15 years (mean age 8 years). The average length of stay in the hospital was 2.5 days for patients in Group A and 3 to 8 days for patients in Group B. Patients in Group-A exhibited higher rates of urinary tract infections (8%) and urethral injuries (22%), residual stones (1%), enlarged bladders (2.2%), urinary retention (4.4%), and fever (13.33%). While in Group B, 18% of the members experienced urinary tract infections, 5% wound infections, 4% hematuria, 7% bladder size enlargement, and 27% fever. In each Group, urine retention was 7%. Conclusion: Pediatric male patients with vesicle calculus respond substantially better to cystolithalopexy because it requires less invasive surgery, leaves no scar, and has fewer complications. Keywords: Bladder Calculus, Comparison, Cystolithalopexy, Ureteroscope, Pneumatic Lithoclast, Dormia basket, percutaneous cystolithotripsy.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and inhibitory effect ofCannabis sativa and Morus nigra against lipid peroxidation in goat brain and liver homogenates. The formation of free radicals, highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a normal metabolic process for cellular signaling and countering the antigens. However, they may cause serious damage if they produced at amplified tolls. In addition, metabolic disorders also serve as sources of these reactive species. Although the issue can be addressed through supplements and other phytochemicals. In this study, two plant species were evaluated for their biological potential by employing a spectrum of antioxidant assays. The antioxidant activity was performed by lipid peroxidation assay. The water extract prepared from leaves of Cannabis sativa and Morus nigra showed significant (P

In developing countries, myocardial ischemia and the resulting impairments in heart function are the leading cause of illness and mortality. Thymus linearis Benth has been used as an antibiotic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive agent for centuries. The goal of this investigation was to see if Thymus linearis could protect isoproterenol and doxorubicin-induced myocardial ischemia in vivo at doses of 25 mg/kg s.c. and 15 mg/kg i.p., respectively. The level of cardiac enzymes (CK-MB, LDH, and AST) in the serum isolated from the experimental animal's blood was used to determine myocardial ischemia. The anti-ischemic potential was assessed by comparing the levels of the aforementioned cardiac biomarkers in the intoxicated and treated animal groups. The study found substantial increase (p0.0001) in the serum levels of CK-MB, LDH, AST when compared to intoxicated groups, while pretreatment of animals with crude extract of Thymus linearis significantly reduced the rise in serum cardiac indicators. The findings of the study indicated that the aqueous methanolic Thymus linearis crude extract has cardioprotective potential against Isoproterenol and Doxorubicin-induced cardiac necrosis in rats.

To estimate the time to culture conversion and factors associated with failure to culture conversion, six-month interim outcomes and associated risk factors with poor interim outcomes in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients previously treated with second-line drugs.The prospective clinical case series study was conducted from March 2016 to January 2017 at the Indus Hospital Tuberculosis Clinic and seven other sites that are part of the hospital's Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis initiative. All bacteriologically confirmed multi-drug resistant tuberculosis retreatment patients were enrolled. Data was collected on age, gender, site of enrollment, detailed history of previous treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs, medical history, history of first-line drugs, history of second-line drugs, treatment outcomes, baseline sputum smear microscopy and monthly follow-up sputum smear microscopy and culture results. Data was subjected to univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, and risk factors for failure to culture conversion were assessed using Cox Proportional Hazards Model.Out of 266 patients, 143(53.8%) were males, the overall largest age group was 5-24 years 97(36.5%), and 250 (94%) patients had previous history of treatment with first-line drugs. Overall, 101(40.1%) patients experienced poor interim outcome. Poor interim outcomes were significantly associated with higher number of drugs on the regimen, (odds ratio: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.58) and high sputum smear grading (odds ratio: 4.56; 95% confidence interval: 3.30-18.71). Besides, 186(70.3%) patients experienced culture conversion within the initial six months of treatment.The success rate of re-treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis with conventional regimen was found to be unacceptably low.

OBJECTIVES: Secondary bioactive metabolites from plants may be realistic alternatives to conventional synthetic chemicals. The aim of the present research was to test the Tanacetum falconeri Hook. f. in different bioassays to evaluate its potential as nematocidal, insecticidal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and phytotoxic agent. The plant T. falconeri was further studied for its chemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The methanolic extract from T. falconeri was fractionated into various solvent fractions. All solvent fractions were further subjected to different bioassays. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were determined by broth micro-dilution method and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, respectively. Nematocidal activity was evaluated by using second-stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita. Insecticidal activity and phytotoxicity were measured with the help of Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum and fronds of Lemna minor L., respectively. Compound-1 was isolated by using liquid chromatography and its structure was determined by spectroscopic data as cis-dehydromatricaria ester. RESULTS: The excellent nematocidal activity (reduction in 100% motility) of the compound-1 against a root-knot nematode was obtained at 1% concentration after 72 h incubation time, whereas the reductions in motilities were 95% and 75% at concentrations 0.5% (w/v) and 0.125% (w/v), respectively. Similarly, the mortalities were 90% and 82% at 1% and 0.5% concentrations, respectively, after 24 h of the treatment. Compound-1 also exhibited the excellent insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae at 1% concentration (providing 100% mortality) with effective dose 50 (EC(50)) of 0.08 mg/L. The EC(50) of phosphine, which was used as standard, was 0.07 mg/L. Two fractions of T. falconeri showed a moderate cytotoxic activity against 3T3 cells lines at the concentration of 30 mg/mL with inhibitory concentration 50 values of 22.4 and 25.8 mg/L corresponding to TfP and TfM, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that cis-dehydromatricaria ester-1 provides nematocidal activity (100% mortality) against the root-knot nematodes. Its insecticidal activity against S. oryzae may enable its use as marketable insecticide.

NMR and FTIR spectra of the target compounds

Although Amphotericin B (AmB) is considered as the "gold standard" treatment for deep fungal infections, owing to its excellent antifungal effect, it often causes severe hemolytic toxicity and nephrotoxicity, which limits its clinical use. We designed and synthesized AmB derivatives by attaching salicylic acid (SA) to the carboxyl group and confirmed their structures using