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Abstract This experimental study aimed to elucidate the optimal colchicine concentration for inducing polyploidy and to examine the morphological effects on Nigella sativa L. (family Ranunculaceae) plants recognized as ‘Kalonji’ in India. Here, seeds were exposed with different concentration of colchicine ranging from 0.025 to 0.4% with varying time duration (24–48 h). The agro-morphological attributes and chromosome counts of the putative polyploids were compared with control diploid plants, revealing significant differences. The ploidy level determined by chromosome counts revealed that 0.05–0.1% concentration of colchicine induced tetraploids within both plant genotypes for 24 h and 48 h. However, results based on agro-morphological trait correlation analysis revealed more significant association among yield traits at 0.1% concentration and the principal component analysis revealed that the maximum possible ameliorative effect of the colchicine dose was the lowest concentration (0.025% for a 48-hour exposure time) for the AN1 genotype; likewise, a 0.05% concentration established a more positive association in terms of growth and yield attributes for the AN20 genotype. This study demonstrated that low dosages (0.025% and 0.1%) strongly impact plant growth and yield, whereas higher dosages obliterate these positive effects and add destructive characteristics within plants which ultimately reduces yield.

Rubinstein Taybi Syndrome (RSTS) is a rare genetic disorder which is caused by mutations in either CREBBP or EP300. RSTS with mutations in CREBBP is known as RSTS-1. We have generated an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, IGIBi018-A from an Indian RSTS-patient using the episomal reprogramming method. The CREBBP gene in the patient harbours a nonsense mutation at position NM_004380.3(c.6876 del C). IGIBi018-A iPSC showed expression of pluripotent stem cell markers, has a normal karyotype and could be differentiated into three germ layers. This iPSC line will help to explore the role of CREBBP in RSTS associated developmental defects.

This case report aims to present and analyze the internal variations in root canal anatomy of a maxillary molar and its successful non-surgical endodontic management using CBCT guidance. This clinical report aims to emphasize the importance of recognizing atypical dental internal anatomy during endodontic treatment and to describe a case where the presence of two palatal roots in the maxillary molar was identified and was managed successfully. This report presents a case where endodontic treatment was performed on a maxillary molar with unusual pulpal and periapical findings. During the treatment, the presence of two palatal roots in the tooth was observed, and relevant treatment modalities were discussed for the treatment's success. Understanding the internal anatomy of teeth is crucial in clinical and radiographic examinations. This knowledge is essential for detecting unusual roots and canals and ensuring effective cleaning and shaping of calcified canals, which are often overlooked in endodontic treatment.

Purpose: The present study was done to assess the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in detecting earlier stages of diabetic retinopathy and for the early management and effective blood glucose control in preclinical diabetic patients for preventing retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning. Methods: A tertiary care center–based prospective observational study was conducted from the year 2021 to 2022 in the Department of Ophthalmology. The study included 50 cases and 50 controls. The parameters analyzed by using OCTA (Topcon 3D OCT-1 Maestro2) were RNFL thickness and peripapillary vessel density. Results: We found that the RNFL thickness in the temporal and superior disc in patients with preclinical diabetic retinopathy was significantly (0.041 and 0.044, respectively) decreased. The duration of diabetes and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were the risk factors for peripapillary vessel density reduction in patients with preclinical diabetic retinopathy (P < 0.001). Conclusion: RNFL thinning is an early sign of retinal neurodegeneration and is associated with peripapillary vessel density reduction. Early management and effective blood glucose control in diabetes patients may be beneficial for preventing RNFL thinning in superior and temporal disc.

This investigation aims to study the influence of friction pressure (FRNP) on the evolution of microstructure and tensile properties of Ti6Al4V alloy joints developed using linear friction welding (LFW) for aeroengine applications. The Ti6Al4V alloy plates of 6 mm thickness were joined using different levels of FRNP from 10 MPa to 30 MPa. The weld joint quality was analyzed employing stereo-zoom microscope. The microstructure of LFW joints was studied using optical (OM), scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The hardness and tensile properties were evaluated and correlated to the microstructure of joints. The fractographs were studied using SEM and correlated to the hardness. The LF welded Ti6Al4V joints made using the optimum level of FRNP of 20 MPa exhibited greater tensile strength (UTS) of 993 MPa, and elongation (EL) of 8%. It showed notch tensile strength (NTS) of 1073 MPa and notch strength ratio (NSR) of 1.041 revealing ductile fracture. The LF welded Ti6Al4V joints revealed 96.41%, 104.10% and 66.67% of UTS, NTS and EL of base metal. The greater smooth and notch tensile properties of joints are principally imputed to maximum refinement of alpha + beta grains at interface of joint.

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate, underscoring the need to identify new therapeutic targets. Here we report that non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding (NONO) protein is overexpressed in breast cancer and validated the interaction of the WW domain of PIN1 with c-terminal threonine-proline (thr-pro) motifs of NONO. The interaction of NONO with PIN1 increases the stability of NONO by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation, and this identifies PIN1 as a positive regulator of NONO in promoting breast tumor development. Functionally, silencing of NONO inhibits the growth, survival, migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness of breast cancer cells in vitro. A human metastatic breast cancer cell xenograft was established in transparent zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to study the metastatic inability of NONO-silenced breast cancer cells in vivo. Mechanistically, NONO depletion promotes the expression of the PDL1 cell-surface protein in breast cancer cells. The identification of novel interactions of NONO with c-Jun and β-catenin proteins and activation of the Akt/MAPK/β-catenin signaling suggests that NONO is a novel regulator of Akt/MAPK/β-catenin signaling pathways. Taken together, our results indicated an essential role of NONO in the tumorigenicity of breast cancer and could be a potential target for anti-cancerous drugs. Video Abstract

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of various factors (sex, class, and arch of tooth) on postoperative pain (PP) after use of Rotary ProTaper Gold (PTG) and Reciprocating WaveOne Gold (WOG) file system following single-visit endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients requiring endodontic therapy were assessed for the study. Permanent posterior teeth with acute irreversible pulpitis and vital pulp were selected. Patients were blindly grouped and analyzed based on the files employed for single-visit endodontic treatment: “Group 1” (n = 60) was treated using PTG and “Group 2” (n = 60) in which WOG was used during biomechanical preparation. Patients selected were instructed to record the before and after treatment pain incidence using a Modified Verbal Descriptive Scale at 12, 24, and 48 h. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for the data analysis (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Postobturation pain (PP) after single-visit root canal treatment using PTG and WOG showed a higher proclivity for females with a greater predilection for maxillary posteriors mainly premolars. Comparing PTG with WOG, the latter showed significantly less PP after 12 h (P = 0.559), 24 h (P = 0.559), and 48 h (P = 0.556), although the difference between the two was insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Postobturation pain incidence was higher when canals were instrumented with PTG than WOG file system following single-visit endodontics.

Genital tuberculosis involving the ovary in young non immunocompromised females is rare, and its coexistence with serous neoplasm makes it even rare and diagnostically challenging. A 32-years-old female patient, presented with primary infertility and abdominal pain. Menstrual history was unremarkable; her Ultrasound (USG) abdomen revealed an anechoic cyst in left ovary with normal right ovary, uterus, and cervix. Serum Carbohydrate Antigen (CA)-125 was 226 IU/mL. Laparotomy with cystectomy was performed, and gross examination revealed a cystic lesion with a small papillaroid growth. Microscopic examination predominantly displayed large coalescing epithelioid granuloma, multinucleate giant cells, and dense inflammation. On careful examination, the sections further revealed areas of irregular glands lined by single layer of cuboidal columnar cells with homogenous chromatin and moderate eosinophilia cytoplasm. These glands were seen infiltrating the ovarian parenchyma. However, the total depth of invasion was not more than 3 mm in any area. Morphological differentials of granulomatous lesion with borderline ovarian tumour or any metastatic adenocarcinoma was made. Further immunohistochemical workup was done and the tumour cells showed strong nuclear positivity for Wilms’ Tumor suppressor gene1 (WT1) and Paired-box gene 8 (PAX8), confirming the presence of serous ovarian lesion. As the total depth of invasion was upto 3 mm according to World Health Organisation (WHO) 2020 the lesion was classified as borderline serous neoplasm with microinvasion over shadowed by the tubercular component in the same ovary. Interestingly, both may result infertility in a young female. Above case emphasises on the importance of careful morphological assessment in delineating two different pathologies occurring in same organ which is clinically relevant.

The main objective of this investigation is to analyze the microstructure, tensile properties, and impact toughness of Ti6Al4V alloy joints developed using optimized parameters of linear friction welding (LFW) for gas turbine blisk assembly applications. The 6 mm thick plates of Ti6Al4V alloy were joined using a friction time of 40 sec, a friction pressure of 20 MPa, a forging pressure of 10 MPa, a forging time of 3 sec, and an oscillating frequency of 14 Hz. The different regions of joints were analyzed using a stereo zoom microscope. Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for analysing the microstructural features of joints. The room temperature tensile properties, hardness, and impact toughness of LFW-Ti6Al4V alloy joints were evaluated and correlated to the microstructural features of weld region. The fractured sections of tensile and impact toughness specimens of joints were analyzed using SEM and the failure of joints was correlated with the hardness survey. Results showed that the LFW-Ti6Al4V alloy joints developed using the optimized parameters exhibited a tensile strength (TS) of 1015 MPa, a yield strength (YS) of 940 MPa, and an elongation (EL) of 8%. The joints revealed 98.54%, 95.91%, and 66.67% of tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility of the parent metal. The LFW joints disclosed impact toughness (IT) of 17.2 J which is 89.77% impact toughness of the parent metal. The superior tensile properties and impact toughness of LFW-Ti6Al4V alloy joints are mainly attributed to a greater degree of refinement of α + β grains in the weld interface, which offers greater resistance to tensile deformation and crack propagation.

The herb Nigella sativa belonging to the family Ranunculaceae is a well-investigated plant that has a wide range of pharmacological effects. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential as well as phytochemical screening in terms of total phenolic and flavonoid content of N. sativa seeds collected from various locations in India to establish the impact of geographical location on phytoconstituents of the seeds. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in methanolic extracts were evaluated using the Folin-ciocalteu reagent and AlCl3 colourimetric method respectively. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated using the DPPH method, while the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was determined in vitro using the bovine serum albumin denaturation assay. The extract of the seed from Vizag had the highest concentration of polyphenols, followed by those from Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. The study confirmed variations in the quantity of the phytoconstituents of N. sativa seeds of different geographical origins and their consequential impact on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity indicating that the geographical location exerts a vital effect on the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]