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Polymers are of great interest for medical and cosmeceutical applications. The current trend is to combine materials of natural and synthetic origin in order to obtain products with appropriate mechanical strength and good biocompatibility, additionally biodegradable and bioresorbable. Citric acid, being an important metabolite, is an interesting substance for the synthesis of materials for biomedical applications. Due to the high functionality of the molecule, it is commonly used in biomaterials chemistry as a crosslinking agent. Among citric acid‐based biopolyesters, poly(1,8‐octanediol citrate) is the best known. It shows application potential in soft tissue engineering. This work focuses on a much less studied polyester, poly(1,3‐propanediol citrate). Porous and non‐porous materials based on the synthesized polyesters are prepared and characterized, including mechanical, thermal, and surface properties, morphology, and degradation. The main focus is on assessing the biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of the materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cells‐containing scaffolds made of biomaterial are modern hybrid constructs which allow regeneration or reconstruction of damaged connective tissue, e.g. cartilage or bone. The basic aim of the study was to recognize the impact of the scaffold production parameters (i.e. type of applied pore precursor, its concentration) on morphology and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLLA) membrane‐based constructs, as well as their biocompatibility exhibited as cellular response. Design of experiments (DoE) strategy has been applied to quantitatively recognize the effects of synthesis parameters on PLLA‐membrane properties. Two independent correlations have been introduced to provide the influence of the synthesis parameters on the pore size, as well as the Young's modulus identifying the surface properties of scaffolds. PLLA membrane‐based scaffolds characterized by average pore diameter exceeded 100 microns and average Young's modulus exceeded 10 MPa have been obtained. The evaluation of scaffolds biocompatibility has been performed due to comprehensive analysis of proliferation effects and metabolic activity of mouse L929 fibroblasts maintained on the surface of developed PLLA‐membranes. The Application of PVP as the pore precursor positively impacted on the surface properties of the constructs. The lack of cytotoxicity of the developed PLLA membranes has been detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disposable wave-assisted bioreactors are devices originally designed for scaling-up cultures of extremely fragile animal cells. In such bioreactors, agitation is achieved by continuous horizontal oscillations of disposable culture bag-like container fixed in a rocker unit. The continuous rocking movement of the container induces waves in the two-phase (i.e., gas-liquid) culture system composed of CO 2 -enriched air and aqueous culture medium. Such continuously oscillating devices can be utilized for supporting homogeneity in systems for in vitro propagation of animal anchorage-dependent, that is, adherent, cells, like CP5 chondrocytes cells. As most of in vitro cultured cells exhibit anchorage-dependency toward solid surface, the suitable interface can be provided by beads of microcarriers made of polymers and characterized by large surface-to-volume ratio. This chapter describes a methodology for efficient propagation of CP5 chondrocytes on Cytodex 3 microcarriers performed in ReadyToProcess WAVE 25 disposable bioreactor, as well as all useful procedures for daily monitoring the growth of CP5 chondrocytes., (© 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.)