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Abstract The chiral edge current is the boundary manifestation of the Chern number of a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator. The van der Waals antiferromagnet MnBi2Te4 is theorized to be a QAH in odd-layers but has shown Hall resistivity below the quantization value at zero magnetic field. Here, we perform scanning superconducting quantum interference device (sSQUID) microscopy on these seemingly failed QAH insulators to image their current distribution. When gated to the charge neutral point, our device exhibits edge current, which flows unidirectionally on the odd-layer boundary both with vacuum and with the even-layers. The edge current chirality reverses with the magnetization of the bulk. Surprisingly, we find the edge channels coexist with finite bulk conduction even though the bulk chemical potential is in the band gap, suggesting their robustness under significant edge–bulk scattering. Our result establishes the existence of chiral edge currents in a topological antiferromagnet and offers an alternative for identifying QAH states.

Background: While body mass index (BMI) is the most widely used indicator as a measure of obesity factors in post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM), body composition is a more accurate measure of obesity. This study aims to investigate the effects of Computed tomography (CT)--based morphemic factors on PTDM and establish a prediction model for PTDM after kidney transplantation. Methods: The pre-transplant data and glycemic levels of kidney transplant recipients (June 2021 to July 2023) were retrospectively and prospectively collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the relationship between morphemic factors and PTDM at one month, six months, and one year after hospital discharge. Subsequently, a one-year risk prediction model based on morphemic factors was developed. Results: The study consisted of 131 participants in the one-month group, where Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (p = 0.02) was identified as the risk factor for PTDM. In the six-month group, 129 participants were included, and the intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) area (p = 0.02) was identified as the risk factor for PTDM. The one-year group had 128 participants, and the risk factors for PTDM were identified as body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.02), HbA1c (p = 0.01), and IMAT area (p = 0.007). HbA1c (%) and IMAT area were included in the risk prediction Model for PTDM in the one-year group with AUC = 0.716 (95 % CI 0.591–0.841, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Compared to BMI and other morphemic factors, this study demonstrated that the IMAT area was the most potential predictor of PTDM. Clinical trial notation: Chictr.org (ChiCTR2300078639).

Abstract To further study the thermal‐oxidative ageing mechanism of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), the terahertz frequency domain dielectric parameters and relaxation phenomena of thermal‐oxidative aged XLPE are analysed using terahertz time domain spectroscopy. It is found that the real part of the terahertz dielectric constant increases with the increase of thermal‐oxidative ageing duration, and the imaginary part shows an overall upward trend. Relaxation of the complex dielectric constant of the aged XLPE samples is obvious. Through the second‐order Cole–Cole equation fitting, it is found that there are two relaxation processes around 0.15 and 1.5 THz, and the relaxation strength gradually increases with the ageing time. To explain this phenomena, microstructure changes and crystallisation behaviours are characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectrum and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. It is suggested that the two relaxations may be caused by elastic dipole polarisation originating from the angular deflection of polar groups and stretching rotation of hydrogen bond. In addition, by comparing the relaxation strength in different temperatures, the source of the relaxation process is further confirmed.

Abstract Background Positive regulators of T-cell function (PTFRs), integral to T-cell proliferation and activation, have been identified as potential prognostic markers in colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite this, their role within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their response to immunotherapy are not yet fully understood. Methods This study delved into PTFR-related CRC subtypes by analyzing four independent transcriptome datasets, emphasizing the most significant prognostic PTFRs. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two subtypes and developed a PTFR risk model using LASSO and Cox regression methods. The model’s associations with survival time, clinical features, TME characteristics, tumor mutation profiles, microsatellite instability (MSI), cancer stem cell (CSC) index, and responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy were subsequently explored. Results The PTFR risk model demonstrated a strong predictive capacity for CRC. It facilitated the estimation of immune cell composition, HLA expression levels, immune checkpoint expression, mutation burden, CSC index features, and the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Conclusions This study enhances our understanding of the role of PTFRs in CRC progression and introduces an innovative assessment framework for CRC immunotherapy. This framework improves the prediction of treatment outcomes and aids in the customization of therapeutic strategies.

Abstract Nonlinear charge transport, such as nonreciprocal longitudinal resistance and nonlinear Hall effect, has attracted considerable interest in probing the symmetries and topological properties of new materials. Recent research has revealed significant nonreciprocal longitudinal resistance and nonlinear Hall effect in MnBi2Te4, an intrinsic magnetic topological insulator, induced by the quantum metric dipole. However, the inconsistent response with charge density and conflicting C3z symmetry requirement necessitate a thorough understanding of factors affecting the nonlinear transport measurement. This study uncovers an experimental factor leading to significant nonlinear transport signals in MnBi2Te4, attributed to gate voltage oscillation from the application of large alternating current. Additionally, a methodology is proposed to suppress this effect by individually grounding the voltage electrodes during second-harmonic measurements. The investigation underscores the critical importance of assessing gate voltage oscillation’s impact before determining the intrinsic nature of nonlinear transport in 2D material devices with an electrically connected operative gate electrode.

Mg–3Y/Al composites were produced through accumulated rolling bonding. During annealing, Al–Y precipitates were synthesized in-situ within the Mg–3Y/Al composites through solid diffusion reactions. In these composites, the volume fraction of the interface layer containing abundant Al–Y precipitates can reach approximately 74% after three passes of accumulated rolling bonding and diffusion annealing. At room temperature, the Mg–3Y/Al composite exhibits increased strength (∼273.9 MPa) but reduced ductility (∼3.5%) compared to the base Mg–3Y alloy (∼191.0 MPa, ∼30%), due to the presence of numerous Al–Y precipitates and residual dislocations. These Al–Y precipitates display remarkable thermal stability, maintaining their size without significant coarsening even after annealing at 400 °C for 1–4 h, thereby contributing to the exceptional thermal stability observed in Mg–3Y/Al samples. After annealing at 400 °C for 4 h, the tensile strength of the Mg–3Y/Al samples remained unchanged, while the ductility increased to 8.5%. At 300 °C, the Mg–3Y/Al composite demonstrates exceptional high-temperature strength (179.9 MPa), significantly surpassing that of the original Mg–3Y alloy (110.6 MPa). Moreover, compared to the original Mg–3Y alloy and magnesium alloys reported in the literature, the Mg–3Y/Al composite exhibits a higher RE-equivalent strength at 300 °C. This enhanced strength is primarily attributed to precipitation strengthening induced by fine Al–Y precipitates. These findings underscore that introducing fine Al–Y precipitates through a solid diffusion reaction is an effective approach for achieving outstanding high-temperature strength in magnesium alloys.

Abstract Background Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is the standard axillary management for breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant therapy. Nevertheless, when that happens, the frequency of additional positive nodes is not properly evaluated. We aim to develop a prediction model to assess the frequency of additional nodal disease after a positive sentinel lymph node following neoadjuvant therapy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the ultrasound and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients with 1–3 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) undergoing mastectomy after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) at our institution, and performed univariate and multivariate logistic analyses to confirm the factors affecting non-SLN metastasis. These factors were included to establish a nomogram, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were utilized to assess the validity of this model. Results A total of 126 breast cancer patients were ultimately included in our study, 38 (53.5%) patients were diagnosed with non-SLN metastases of all 71 patients in training set. The results of multifactorial logistic analysis suggested that lymph node metastasis ratio (LNR), short axis of lymph node and progesterone receptor (PR) were strongly associated with non-SLN metastasis. We established a nomogram using the above three variables as predictors, which yielded an area under the curve of 0.795, and validated with a favorable AUC of 0.876. Conclusion The nomogram we constructed can accurately predict the likelihood of non-SLN metastasis in our patients with 1–3 positive SLN after NAT, which may help guide decision making regarding axillary management.

Amid global climate warming, rising temperatures are becoming a major challenge for public health worldwide. At present, many places in the world frequently encounter extreme high temperature weather, which directly leads to frequent occurrence of heat stroke (HS). Heat stroke may lead to significant organ damage and potentially result in death. However, the impact of heat stroke (HS) on cartilage and osteoarthritis has not been fully revealed, which is an urgent scientific issue to be explored. In the current study, we first established an in vitro chondrocyte model and then explored the toxicological effects of HS on chondrocytes. Experimental data indicate that HS significantly reduces the proliferative activity of chondrocytes. HS triggers oxidative stress and inflammation in chondrocytes. Further biochemical experiments showed that HS caused chondrocytes senescence by detecting a series of senescence marker molecules, such as p21, p16, and p53. We further studied the molecular mechanism of HS-induced cell damage. We found that HS induced genomic damage, generating substantial Z-DNA (left-handed DNA) and activating ZBP-1-mediated programmed cell necrosis, which subsequently released various inflammatory factors. In contrast, inhibition of Z-DNA-mediated activation of ZBP-1 can significantly alleviate aging damage. In in-vivo experiments using a gene-knockout mouse model, our team found that HS induced cartilage aging. Additionally, HS aggravated osteoarthritis in vivo. On this basis, we observed that the expression of FGF1 was reduced under HS conditions. Therefore, we explored the effect of FGF1 on the damage of chondrocytes caused by HS. The experimental data showed that FGF1 activates the AMPK signaling pathway, which effectively alleviating the aging caused by HS. This work lays a solid foundation for further exploration into cartilage damage induced by HS. Our study also simultaneously indicates that FGF1 may be a very promising agent for the treatment of HS causing cartilage damage.

Heatstroke (HS) is gradually becoming a major challenge in the field of global public health with the trend of global warming. In recent years, extreme high-temperature weather events have occurred frequently in the world, which directly led to a significant increase in heatstroke. However, up to now, the potential pathological effects of HS on articular cartilage have not been revealed. Therefore, in our current work, we studied the damage of heat toxicity on chondrocytes in vitro. The results showed that heatstroke reduced the cell activity of chondrocytes and triggered a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress response. Further biochemical analysis showed that heatstroke caused chondrocyte PANoptosis. On this basis, we further analyzed the molecular mechanism of HS-induced cartilage damage. The results showed that HS activated ZBP-1-mediated PAN-apoptosis. In vivo, our group further evaluated the impact of HS on articular cartilage. The results showed that heatstroke caused damage to articular cartilage, and immunohistochemistry showed that heatstroke caused damage and programmed necrosis of cartilage tissue. On this basis, we evaluated the alleviating effect of FGF21 on HS-induced chondrocyte damage. The results showed that FGF21 could effectively alleviate the PANoptosis of chondrocytes caused by heatstroke via activating the AMPK signaling (at least partially). In summary, the current research lays a foundation for further exploring the cartilage damage caused by heatstroke.

We have successfully prepared a significant number of nanowires from non-toxic silicon sources. Compared to the SiO silicon source used in most other articles, our preparation method is much safer. It provides a simple and harmless new preparation method for the preparation of silicon nanowires. SiNWs (Silicon nanowires), as a novel type of nanomaterial, exhibit many outstanding properties, including the quantum confinement effect, quantum tunneling, Coulomb blocking effect, and exceptional electrical and optical properties. The study of SiNWs is therefore highly significant. In this paper, non-toxic SiO2 powder, Si powder, and B2O3 powder were utilized as raw materials to prepare SiNWs with diameters ranging from 30-60 nm and lengths from several hundred nanometers to tens of microns. The resulting SiNWs have a uniform morphology, smooth surfaces, and are produced in considerable yield. The morphology and structure of the SiNWs were characterized using XRD, SEM, HRTEM, SAED, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the prepared SiNWs are pure, uniform, and have a polycrystalline structure. The PL (photoluminescence) spectra show a pronounced UV emission peak at 346 nm, with the optimal excitation wavelength being 234 nm. Measurements with the Keithley 2601B demonstrate that the resistivity of the SiNWs is 4.292 × 108Ω·cm. Further studies reveal that the PL properties of SiNWs are influenced by their size and surface state. These findings have significant implications for understanding the luminescent mechanism of SiNWs and their potential applications in optoelectronics and biomedicine. This paper serves as a reference for the preparation and characterization of SiNWs, highlighting their PL properties and potential use in various applications, including biomedical imaging, sensors, and optoelectronic devices.

The Pearl River delivers a large amount of plastic waste to the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and adjacent Northern South China Sea (NSCS) region each year. However, the transport of floating litter after release is difficult to predict due to the complex hydrodynamic conditions caused by the climate variability. A regional ocean circulation model coupled with a Lagrangian particle tracking model is utilized in this study to simulate the distribution and fate of floating litter particles in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and Northern South China Sea (NSCS) under the influence of El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. Simulations are conducted during all four seasons (spring, summer, fall, and winter) in typical El Niño, La Niña, and ENSO-neutral year. The model reveals that most floating litter remains within Lingding Bay before being transported westward by the counterclockwise circulation over the NSCS and arriving at the Qiongzhou Strait. After crossing the Strait, the debris is carried by the counterclockwise circulation of the Beibu Gulf, and eventually arriving at the coasts of Vietnam and Laos. The ENSO warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) phases disrupt circulation patterns and modulate the amount of Pearl River runoff, thereby altering the transport pathways and grounding probabilities of floating litter. During La Niña years, floating litter particles spread over a wider area, travel longer distances, and have lower beaching probabilities. Conversely, during El Niño year, floating litter particles tend to remain within Lingding Bay for longer durations, with some debris entrained towards the Hong Kong region. This study underscores the impact of climate mode of variability in influencing the litter sources, fate and transport and accumulation at estuarine-coastal oceans, which will provide critical scientific insights for plastic pollution management in the PRE - NSCS region, which is a newly identified hotspot for floating litter and microplastic pollution in global oceans.

FPRL2 has been shown to be associated with a variety of tumours but has not been well studied in breast cancer. In this study, We combine molecular biology techniques with bioinformatics to analyze the role of FPRL2 in breast cancer and adriamycin resistance. By utilizing bioinformatics, we mine TCGA and GEO public databases to assess FPRL2 expression in breast cancer patients and its correlation with patient prognosis. Additionally, we employ the DepMap tool to probe the CCLE database, examining the relationship between FPRL2 gene effects and adriamycin sensitivity. Chemosensitivity of Adriamycin in breast cancer cells was tested by CCK-8 method. The apoptosis of breast cancer cells was determined by flow cytometry assay. Expression of p-ERK5 and p-AKT was determined by Western blot assay. Our results indicate that the expression level of FPRL2 in tumor tissues of breast cancer patients is significantly higher than that in normal tissues, and it correlates with poor prognosis in patients. Furthermore, the expression level of FPRL2 in tumor tissues of adriamycin-resistant breast cancer patients is also significantly higher than that in adriamycin-sensitive patients. The IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration 50). Of Adriamycin was significantly lower in FPRL2 silenced cells than those control cells. The apoptosis was markedly increased in FPRL2-silenced cells. p-ERK5 and p-AKT in breast cancer cells was significantly reduced after FPRL2 knocked down. In Conclusion, FPRL2 mediates Adriamycin resistance in breast cancer cells, and knockdown of FPRL2 increased apoptosis and decreased Adriamycin resistance in breast cancer cells.

Solid-state lithium battery (SSLB) is considered as one of the promising candidates for next-generation power batteries due to high safety, unprecedented energy density and favorable adaptability to high pression and temperature. However, the system of solid electrolyte (SE), as one of the most important components in SSLB, is usually plagued by clumsy ionic transport, leading to poor rate performance of the SSLBs. Herein, a unique perspective is proposed to re-examine the ion-transport behavior in lithium conductors by tracing Li+ at multi-scale, including microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic scales. The multi-scale ion-transport mechanisms and corresponding characterization techniques are analyzed in depth. Furthermore, some strategies of structure design to improve ion-transport kinetics at corresponding scales are elaborated systematically, involving the modulation of microscopic homogeneous structure, mesoscopic heterogeneous structure and macroscopic structures, etc. The proposed generalized rules for SEs are expected to construct a close link from mechanism−structure−characterization to high performances for SSLBs.

The burden of herpes zoster (HZ) is anticipated to increase among the aging population of China over time. The knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the population toward HZ can help inform the design of public health strategies. As there is a paucity of KAP data in China, this cross-sectional survey therefore sought to assess KAP related to HZ from the general population, patients with HZ, and dermatologists in China. The total number of respondents from the general population, HZ patients, and dermatologists were 804, 282, and 160, respectively. Notably, some gaps in knowledge regarding the severity, transmission, and prevention of HZ were identified across all groups. For example, less than half of respondents from the general population and HZ patients understood that vaccination does not treat HZ. For dermatologists, not all were aware of adverse reactions following HZ vaccination and some had misconceptions regarding the mode of transmission of HZ. Given the link between an individual’s disease knowledge to their attitudes and practices, improved understanding of HZ could underlie positive attitudes and help reinforce healthcare professionals’ recommendations in the management and prevention of HZ. In particular, doctors may be well-positioned to support HZ prevention initiatives, as most of the general population and HZ patients found vaccination more acceptable if recommended by a doctor (78.9% and 81.6%, respectively). Therefore, consideration of these KAP attributes may support the development of targeted educational interventions and effective public health strategies against HZ in China.

Various types of industrial parks in Shanghai play an important role in promoting industrial upgrading and technological progress, yet they are also fraught with occupational health hazards. To effectively promote workplace health and enable various industrial parks to play a positive role, the Shanghai Municipal Government has proposed accelerating the construction of healthy industrial parks. To meet the requirements for the scientific and standardized construction of healthy parks, the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention has compiled the Guidelines for Healthy Industrial Park Construction(Guidelines). Adhering to the overall principles of scientific, feasibility, advancement, and standardization, the Guidelines address three construction levels: industrial parks, employers, and employees. They set clear requirements for organizational management, healthy environments, health services, health activities, and occupational health in the workplaces, respectively. The Shanghai healthy industrial park evaluation form was provided as an informative appendix for the Guidelines. The Guidelines offer a scientific basis for standardizing and guiding the construction of healthy industrial parks, providing new solutions and technical support for urban occupational health management.

Abstract The unsatisfactory insulating properties of solid–gas interfaces seriously restrict the development of high‐voltage electrical equipment and threaten their power supply stability. Electron‐beam irradiation (EBI) can effectively improve the surface flashover voltage of dielectrics. However, the underlying mechanism of EBI in tailoring the surface trap and improving the flashover voltage remains unclear. In this study, the surface morphologies and chemical compositions of epoxy composites treated with EBI were investigated. In addition, the surface wetting properties, surface charge migration parameters, and surface flashover voltages were experimentally characterised. It was found that EBI aggravated the surface morphology, changed the surface chemical components, and repressed surface charge transportation. As a result, the contact angle was reduced from 103.7° to 78.43°, and the flashover voltage in SF6 was increased from 35.26 to 38.90 kV. DFT calculations showed that the newly generated C–O–H and C=O bonds on the surface molecules after EBI formed charge centres at the molecular electrostatic potential, which enhanced the trapping effect of the surface deep trap. As a result, surface charge migration was repressed, and the surface flashover voltage was improved. This study could promote the further development of EBI on materials modification.

IntroductionIn recent years, an increasing body of research has illustrated a strong correlation between gut microbiota and depression. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive discussion or summary of the latest advancements and trends in this field.MethodsWe retrieved research articles focused on gut microbiota and depression through the WOS database from 2020 to 2024, using visual text analysis tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer.ResultsThe literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and depression surged from 396 papers in 2020 to 711 by 2024. During this period, the journal with the highest publication rate was Nutrients. China led the countries in contributions, while University College Cork topped the institutions. Kenji Hashimoto emerged as the most prolific author. The most cited paper was authored by Cryan JF et al., published in 2019 in Physiol Rev. The keywords “gut microbiota,” “depression,” and “anxiety” appeared most frequently, while recent years saw explosive increases in terms such as “growth performance,” “receptors,” “depression-like phenotypes,” “stress response,” “gastrointestinal symptoms,” “reliability,” and “neurogenesis.”DiscussionOur article displayed the overview of the relationship between the gut microbiome and depression from 2020 to 2024 using bibliometric methods, providing perspectives and research hotspots for studies exploring the correlation between the gut microbiome and depression.

PurposeWuwei Kushen Changrong capsule (Composite Sophora Colon-soluble Capsule, CSCC) is a Chinese patent medicine developed to treat ulcerative colitis. Studies highlight CSCC potential efficacy for ulcerative colitis (UC) but unclear mechanism limits its widely treatment for patients. We aimed to investigate the anti-colitis efficacy of CSCC and explore the mechanism by which GPR43 inhibits the NLRP3/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby mediating the protective effects of CSCC on the intestinal barrier.MethodsThe protective effects of CSCC were evaluated in a murine ulcerative colitis model induced by 3% DSS. Assessments included body weight, Disease Activity Index (DAI) score, colon length, and histopathological score. Colon tissue, cell function, and immune-inflammatory status were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). Protein expression levels of relevant pathways and receptors were measured using Western blot. All experiments were repeated.ResultsCSCC protected mice from DSS-induced colitis by upregulating Gpr43, promoting the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin tight junction proteins. Mechanistically, CSCC inhibits the MEK4/JNK1/STAT3 activation pathway, consequently suppressing the STAT3/NLRP3/IL-1β pathway and inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors such as IL-17A.ConclusionThe mechanisms through which CSCC protects against DSS-induced colitis may include upregulating Gpr43, inhibiting the STAT3/NLRP3 pathway, and suppressing inflammation factors like IL-17A. These findings highlight the mechanisms underlying CSCC’s anti-colitis effects and suggest its potential as a therapeutic candidate for managing the progression of UC.

Abstract Genotoxic therapy triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative tissue injury. S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible posttranslational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for NO synthesis. However, the mechanism by which BH4 affects protein S-nitrosylation and ROS generation has not been determined. Here, we showed that ionizing radiation disrupted the structural integrity of BH4 and downregulated GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis, resulting in deficiency in overall protein S-nitrosylation. GCH1-mediated BH4 synthesis significantly reduced radiation-induced ROS production and fueled the global protein S-nitrosylation that was disrupted by radiation. Likewise, GCH1 overexpression or the administration of exogenous BH4 protected against radiation-induced oxidative injury in vitro and in vivo. Conditional pulmonary Gch1 knockout in mice (Gch1 fl/fl ; Sftpa1-Cre +/− mice) aggravated lung injury following irradiation, whereas Gch1 knock-in mice (Gch1 lsl/lsl ; Sftpa1-Cre +/− mice) exhibited attenuated radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity. Mechanistically, lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) mediated ROS generation downstream of the BH4/NO axis, as determined by iodoacetyl tandem mass tag (iodoTMT)-based protein quantification. Notably, S-nitrosylation of LDHA at Cys163 and Cys293 was regulated by BH4 availability and could restrict ROS generation. The loss of S-nitrosylation in LDHA after irradiation increased radiosensitivity. Overall, the results of the present study showed that GCH1-mediated BH4 biosynthesis played a key role in the ROS cascade and radiosensitivity through LDHA S-nitrosylation, identifying novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.

Abstract The van der Waals antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 represents a promising platform for exploring the layer-dependent magnetism and topological states of matter. Recently observed discrepancies between magnetic and transport properties have aroused controversies concerning the topological nature of MnBi2Te4 in the ground state. In this article, we demonstrate that fabrication can induce mismatched even-odd layer dependent magnetotransport in few-layer MnBi2Te4. We perform a comprehensive study of the magnetotransport properties in 6- and 7-septuple-layer MnBi2Te4, and reveal that both even- and odd-number-layer device can show zero Hall plateau phenomena in zero magnetic field. Importantly, a statistical survey of the optical contrast in more than 200 MnBi2Te4 flakes reveals that the zero Hall plateau in odd-number-layer devices arises from the reduction of the effective thickness during the fabrication, a factor that was rarely noticed in previous studies of 2D materials. Our finding not only provides an explanation to the controversies regarding the discrepancy of the even-odd layer dependent magnetotransport in MnBi2Te4, but also highlights the critical issues concerning the fabrication and characterization of 2D material devices.

Semicarbazide (SEM), a metabolite of nitrofurazone (NFZ), is widely used to detect the illegal application of NFZ in crustaceans. The conventional detection method involves chemical derivatization combined with reversed-phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS), which is both complex and time-consuming. To address this limitation, a more efficient approach was developed for SEM detection. This study introduces a modified QuEChERS pretreatment method coupled with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) for detecting SEM in crustaceans. The proposed method is simple, fast, and highly accurate, making it universally applicable for SEM detection in crustaceans. Additionally, the method was applied to investigate NFZ metabolism in Macrobrachium rosenbergii with a kinetic model. The findings suggested a plausible mechanism for the absorption of NFZ and its subsequent transfer from meat to the shell. In conclusion, this study provides a simple and rapid technique for SEM detection in crustaceans with immense application value.

ObjectiveTo develop a semi-automatic model integrating radiomics, deep learning, and clinical features for Bone Metastasis (BM) prediction in prostate cancer (PCa) patients using Biparametric MRI (bpMRI) images.MethodsA retrospective study included 414 PCa patients (BM, n=136; NO-BM, n=278) from two institutions (Center 1, n=318; Center 2, n=96) between January 2016 and December 2022. MRI scans were confirmed with BM status via PET-CT or ECT pre-treatment. Tumor areas on bpMRI images were delineated as tumor’s region of interest (ROI) using auto-delineation tumor models, evaluated with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Samples were auto-sketched, refined, and used to train the ResNet BM prediction model. Clinical, radiomics, and deep learning data were synthesized into the ResNet-C model, evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC).ResultsThe auto-segmentation model achieved a DSC of 0.607. Clinical BM prediction’s internal validation had an accuracy (ACC) of 0.650 and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.713; external cohort had an ACC of 0.668 and AUC of 0.757. The deep learning model yielded an ACC of 0.875 and AUC of 0.907 for the internal, and ACC of 0.833 and AUC of 0.862 for the external cohort. The Radiomics model registered an ACC of 0.819 and AUC of 0.852 internally, and ACC of 0.885 and AUC of 0.903 externally. ResNet-C demonstrated the highest ACC of 0.902 and AUC of 0.934 for the internal, and ACC of 0.885 and AUC of 0.903 for the external cohort.ConclusionThe ResNet-C model, utilizing bpMRI scanning strategy, accurately assesses bone metastasis (BM) status in newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) patients, facilitating precise treatment planning and improving patient prognoses.

ObjectiveTo effectively tackle the unique attributes of wheat leaf pests and diseases in their native environment, a high-caliber and efficient pest detection model named YOLOv8-SS (You Only Look Once Version 8-SS) was proposed. This innovative model is engineered to accurately identify pests, thereby providing a solid scientific foundation for their prevention and management strategies.MethodsA total of 3 639 raw datasets of images of wheat leaf pests and diseases were collected from 6 different wheat pests and diseases in various farmlands in the Yuchong County area of Gansu Province, at different periods of time, using mobile phones. This collection demonstrated the team's proficiency and commitment to advancing agricultural research. The dataset was meticulously constructed using the LabelImg software to accurately label the images with targeted pest species. To guarantee the model's superior generalization capabilities, the dataset was strategically divided into a training set and a test set in an 8:2 ratio. The dataset includes thorough observations and recordings of the wheat leaf blade's appearance, texture, color, as well as other variables that could influence these characteristics. The compiled dataset proved to be an invaluable asset for both training and validation activities. Leveraging the YOLOv8 algorithm, an enhanced lightweight convolutional neural network, ShuffleNetv2, was selected as the basis network for feature extraction from images. This was accomplished by integrating a 3×3 Depthwise Convolution (DWConv) kernel, the h-swish activation function, and a Squeeze-and-Excitation Network (SENet) attention mechanism. These enhancements streamlined the model by diminishing the parameter count and computational demands, all while sustaining high detection precision. The deployment of these sophisticated methodologies exemplified the researchers' commitment and passion for innovation. The YOLOv8 model employs the SEnet attention mechanism module within both its Backbone and Neck components, significantly reducing computational load while bolstering accuracy. This method exemplifies the model's exceptional performance, distinguishing it from other models in the domain. By integrating a dedicated small target detection layer, the model's capabilities have been augmented, enabling more efficient and precise pest and disease detection. The introduction of a new detection feature map, sized 160×160 pixels, enables the network to concentrate on identifying small-targeted pests and diseases, thereby enhancing the accuracy of pest and disease recognition.Results and DiscussionThe YOLOv8-SS wheat leaf pests and diseases detection model has been significantly improved to accurately detect wheat leaf pests and diseases in their natural environment. By employing the refined ShuffleNet V2 within the DarkNet-53 framework, as opposed to the conventional YOLOv8, under identical experimental settings, the model exhibited a 4.53% increase in recognition accuracy and a 4.91% improvement in F1-Score, compared to the initial model. Furthermore, the incorporation of a dedicated small target detection layer led to a subsequent rise in accuracy and F1-Scores of 2.31% and 2.16%, respectively, despite a minimal upsurge in the number of parameters and computational requirements. The integration of the SEnet attention mechanism module into the YOLOv8 model resulted in a detection accuracy rate increase of 1.85% and an F1-Score enhancement of 2.72%. Furthermore, by swapping the original neural network architecture with an enhanced ShuffleNet V2 and appending a compact object detection sublayer (namely YOLOv8-SS), the resulting model exhibited a heightened recognition accuracy of 89.41% and an F1-Score of 88.12%. The YOLOv8-SS variant substantially outperformed the standard YOLOv8, showing a remarkable enhancement of 10.11% and 9.92% in accuracy, respectively. This outcome strikingly illustrates the YOLOv8-SS's prowess in balancing speed with precision. Moreover, it achieves convergence at a more rapid pace, requiring approximately 40 training epochs, to surpass other renowned models such as Faster R-CNN, MobileNetV2, SSD, YOLOv5, YOLOX, and the original YOLOv8 in accuracy. Specifically, the YOLOv8-SS boasted an average accuracy 23.01%, 15.13%, 11%, 25.21%, 27.52%, and 10.11% greater than that of the competing models, respectively. In a head-to-head trial involving a public dataset (LWDCD 2020) and a custom-built dataset, the LWDCD 2020 dataset yielded a striking accuracy of 91.30%, outperforming the custom-built dataset by a margin of 1.89% when utilizing the same network architecture, YOLOv8-SS. The AI Challenger 2018-6 and Plant-Village-5 datasets did not perform as robustly, achieving accuracy rates of 86.90% and 86.78% respectively. The YOLOv8-SS model has shown substantial improvements in both feature extraction and learning capabilities over the original YOLOv8, particularly excelling in natural environments with intricate, unstructured backdrops.ConclusionThe YOLOv8-SS model is meticulously designed to deliver unmatched recognition accuracy while consuming a minimal amount of storage space. In contrast to conventional detection models, this groundbreaking model exhibits superior detection accuracy and speed, rendering it exceedingly valuable across various applications. This breakthrough serves as an invaluable resource for cutting-edge research on crop pest and disease detection within natural environments featuring complex, unstructured backgrounds. Our method is versatile and yields significantly enhanced detection performance, all while maintaining a lean model architecture. This renders it highly appropriate for real-world scenarios involving large-scale crop pest and disease detection.

Semicarbazide (SEM) is commonly utilized as a biomarker for detecting the usage of nitrofurazone (NFZ); however, its endogenous presence in aquatic products complicates detection and poses challenges to the quality and safety of these products. Although previous research suggests a potential link between SEM and urea, the specific mechanisms underlying its production under induced conditions remain unclear. To solve the above problem, the integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed for systematically exploring endogenous production mechanisms underlying SEM in Macrobrachium rosenbergii under urea conditions. As a result, urea exposure significantly disrupted key pathways, including glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism; and protein digestion and absorption, thereby highlighting the role of amino acid metabolism in SEM formation. Compared to traditional single-omics approaches, this method provided a comprehensive analysis of gene–metabolite interactions, revealing the mechanism of endogenous production of SEM in M. rosenbergii. This research offers new insights into enhancing aquatic product safety and quality and represents a methodological reference for future research regarding the endogenous SEM production mechanisms.

Event cameras, as bio-inspired visual sensors, offer significant advantages in their high dynamic range and high temporal resolution for visual tasks. These capabilities enable efficient and reliable motion estimation even in the most complex scenes. However, these advantages come with certain trade-offs. For instance, current event-based vision sensors have low spatial resolution, and the process of event representation can result in varying degrees of data redundancy and incompleteness. Additionally, due to the inherent characteristics of event stream data, they cannot be utilized directly; pre-processing steps such as slicing and frame compression are required. Currently, various pre-processing algorithms exist for slicing and compressing event streams. However, these methods fall short when dealing with multiple subjects moving at different and varying speeds within the event stream, potentially exacerbating the inherent deficiencies of the event information flow. To address this longstanding issue, we propose a novel and efficient Asynchronous Spike Dynamic Metric and Slicing algorithm (ASDMS). ASDMS adaptively segments the event stream into fragments of varying lengths based on the spatiotemporal structure and polarity attributes of the events. Moreover, we introduce a new Adaptive Spatiotemporal Subject Surface Compensation algorithm (ASSSC). ASSSC compensates for missing motion information in the event stream and removes redundant information, thereby achieving better performance and effectiveness in event stream segmentation compared to existing event representation algorithms. Additionally, after compressing the processed results into frame images, the imaging quality is significantly improved. Finally, we propose a new evaluation metric, the Actual Performance Efficiency Discrepancy (APED), which combines actual distortion rate and event information entropy to quantify and compare the effectiveness of our method against other existing event representation methods. The final experimental results demonstrate that our event representation method outperforms existing approaches and addresses the shortcomings of current methods in handling event streams with multiple entities moving at varying speeds simultaneously.

On short video platforms, individuals can not only passively browse videos but also actively engage in behaviors such as liking and commenting on videos. However, the mechanisms by how active and passive usage of short videos affect subjective well-being remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to explore these mechanisms through path analysis and network analysis. We employed the Short Video Usage Questionnaire, Subjective Well-Being Scale, and Interaction Anxiety Scale to survey 1086 participants. The results indicated (1) the active usage positively predicted life satisfaction and positive affect, while passive usage failed to predict any of them. (2) Social anxiety mediated the relationship between short video usage and subjective well-being. Active usage enhanced life satisfaction and positive affect by alleviating social anxiety, while reducing negative affect by decreasing social anxiety. At the same time, passive usage reduced life satisfaction and positive affect by exacerbating social anxiety while increasing negative affect by intensifying social anxiety. (3) Network analysis revealed that “live interaction” behavior was a core activity for alleviating social anxiety and enhancing subjective well-being. The findings highlight the significant role of short video usage in subjective well-being and provide empirical evidence to guide users in the rational and positive usage of short video platforms.

Chrysanthemum, an agricultural economic crop with ornamental, medicinal, and edible values, faces the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in its cultivation. As a potential soil conditioner used to address continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs), the applicability of biochar in chrysanthemum cultivation has become a research hotspot. This study explored the effects of three different types of biochar (rice straw biochar = RB, pig manure biochar = PB, and sludge biochar = SB) on soil for chrysanthemum that had been continuously cultivated for eight years through pot experiments. The results indicate that the addition of biochar significantly reduced soil water loss. Compared with CK, the water retention rates of the SB and PB treatments increased by 25.4% and 18.4%, respectively. In the PB treatment, the contents of available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) increased by 85% and 164%, respectively. The available nitrogen (AN) content showed the highest increase under the SB treatment. All three types of biochar could improve the pH value of chrysanthemum soil with CCOs (increased by 0.4–5.4%). The results of microbial community diversity showed that, compared with CK, PB and RB slightly reduced the diversity of bacterial communities in chrysanthemum soil with CCOs (by 1.50% and 0.41%, respectively). However, the SB treatment increased the diversity of bacterial communities in chrysanthemum soil with CCOs (by 0.41%). At the same time, SB and PB significantly inhibited the diversity of fungal communities (reduced by 15.15% and 6.67%, respectively), while RB promoted the diversity of fungal communities (increased by 5.45%). Furthermore, the analysis results of bacterial phyla and genera indicated that PB and SB had enhancing effects on the beneficial bacterial phylum Actinobacteriota (8.66% and 4.64%) and the beneficial bacterial genus Nocardioides (23.29% and 9.69%). Additionally, the PB treatment enhanced the beneficial bacterial phylum Firmicutes (7.03%). The analysis results of fungal genera and phyla indicated that PB contributed to an increase in the beneficial fungal phylum Ascomycota (1.51%). RB significantly enhanced the beneficial fungal genus Chaetomium (56.34%). Additionally, all three types of biochar effectively reduced the abundance of the harmful fungal phylum Basidiomycota (30.37–73.03%). In the PB and SB treatments, the harmful fungal phylum Mucoromycota was significantly decreased (by 36.22% and 62.60%, respectively). Finally, all three types of biochar reduced the abundance of harmful fungal genera Acremonium (1.15–35.19%) and Phoma (97.1–98.7%). In this study, we investigated the effect of three kinds of biochar (RB, PB, and SB) on the soil of chrysanthemum continuous cropping through potting experiments and found that they could significantly reduce water loss, enhance water retention, increase the soil nutrient content, improve the pH value, regulate microbial communities, increase beneficial microorganisms, and reduce harmful microorganisms. These results provide a scientific basis for addressing barriers to continuous cropping (CC) while supporting the sustainability of agriculture and the development of agroecology.

Air frying as a new roasting technology has potential for roasted fish production. In this study, the changes in volatile compounds (VCs) during air frying of tilapia were studied by quantitative gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry, followed by the identification of key VCs based on their odor activity value (OAV). There were 34 verified VCs, of which 16 VCs were identified as the key VCs with OAV ≥ 1. Most of the VCs were improved by air frying and peaked at 20 min. During the air frying, the total sulfhydryl content markedly decreased, while the protein carbonyl and MDA content significantly increased, suggesting the enhancement in the oxidation of lipids and proteins. The correlation network among the chemical properties and key VCs was constructed. The change in total sulfhydryl, protein carbonyl, and MDA showed significant correlation with most of the key VCs, especially 2-methyl butanal, ethyl acetate, and propanal. The results indicated that the oxidation of lipids and proteins contributed the most to the flavor improvement in air-fried tilapia. This study provides a crucial reference for the volatile flavor improvement and pre-cooked product development of roasted tilapia.

Fermented foods are a potential source to produce novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides (D4IPs). In this study, the fermented mandarin fish (Chouguiyu) was used to screen D4IPs and their formation mechanism was studied by metagenomics and peptidomics. A total of 400 D4IPs with DPP-IV inhibition structure and high hydrophobicity were identified. The correlation network map showed that Lactococcus, Bacillus, Lysobacter, Pelagivirga, Kocuria, Escherichia, Streptococcus, and Peptostreptococcus were significantly correlated with the most D4IPs. Four stable D4IPs, including KAGARALTDAETAT, GEKVDFDDIQK, VVDADEMYLKGK, and GQKDSYVGDEAQ were respectively from the precursor proteins parvalbumin, troponin, myosin, and actin, and were mainly formed by the hydrolysis of subtilisin (EC 3.4.21.62), aspartic proteinase (EC 3.4.23.1), thermolysin (EC 3.4.24.27), oligopeptidase B (EC 3.4.21.83), and proteinase P1 (EC 3.4.21.96) from Bacillus, Kocuria, Lysobacter, Lactococcus, and Peptostreptococcus. The inhibition mainly resulted from the hydrogen bond and salt bridge between D4IPs and DPP-IV enzyme. This study provides important information on the proteases and related microbial strains to directionally prepare D4IPs in Chouguiyu.

Abstract Leucism, a widespread occurrence observed in Northern snakehead (Channa argus), bestows a striking white jade-like body coloration upon affected individuals and has gained substantial popularity in commercial breeding. While the visible manifestation of leucism in snakeheads is primarily limited to body coloration, it is crucial to explore the potential influence of leucism on organ development and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Through a comparative analysis of growth differences, our study revealed that at 150 days post-fertilization, the white variety exhibited an 8.5% higher liver index and intestinal index, but experienced a 20% and 38% decreased in spleen index and renal interstitial index, respectively, suggesting an enlarged digestive area but relatively smaller immune tissues. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed in the intestinal flora between the two varieties, suggesting the exclusion of any exogenous impacts from symbiotic flora on the growth and development of the white variety. Importantly, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the white variety exhibited higher expression levels of innate immune genes. Furthermore, annotation of the gene sets expressed in the liver and spleen revealed 76 and 35 genes respectively, with the white variety displaying lower expression in genes associated with “Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor”, “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”, and “TNF signaling pathway”, while exhibiting higher expression in “Estrogen signaling pathway”. Notably, three genes, namely pcdhf 4, nlrc3 card 15-like, and a pol-like were identified in both the liver and spleen, indicating their potential involvement in altering the development and innate immunity of the white variety. This study reveals the systemic impact of leucism that extends beyond mere pigmentation alterations, highlighting the prominent characteristics of this phenotype and providing a foundation for future molecular breeding programs aimed at enhancing this variety.

In order to investigate and evaluate the potential of CBM Resources in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, this study conducted 3D seismic exploration in the Hutubi block. The seismic acquisition design tailors to wide azimuth, small receiver distance and high folds, the seismic geometry design includes 16 lines, 6 shots and 160 receivers. Given the serious static problems in mountainous terrain and imaging accuracy of steep dip coal seam in the seismic data processing, a high-resolution 3D seismic data processing flow is therefore established to meet the prediction requirement of coalbed methane enrichment area. The dividing principle of the coalbed methane enrichment area and the classification model of favorable area are proposed in line with the main seismic geological factors affecting coalbed methane enrichment, such as the coal seam depth, the faults characteristics, the coal seam thickness, the coal seam roof lithology and the coal seam gas content. Based on 3D seismic data, this study combined seismic data interpretation and seismic attribute analysis to obtain data on coal seam thickness, coal seam roof lithology, and coal seam gas content by using seismic lithology inversion results. Under the constraints of logging, this study made predictions of the B4 coalbed methane enrichment area in the research area, and put forward suggestions for deploying coal bed gas production borehole.

Abstract Multiple uncertainties such as renewable energy output, energy purchase prices and integrated demand responses have brought about severe challenges to the safe and economic operation of integrated energy system (IES). To meet this challenge, this study takes the combined cooling heating and power as an example of IES and proposes an optimization model considering multiple uncertainties. First, the structure of IES is given, and these mathematical models and constraints are listed according to the energy supply characteristics. Second, considering uncertain factors such as the wind and solar output, comprehensive demand response and energy purchase price, the different characterization methods are selected to model the uncertainty sources by identifying the characteristics of multiple uncertainty sources. Then, combining the stochastic scenario method and robust optimization method, a day‐ahead optimal scheduling model of IES with multiple uncertainties is established, and the whale optimization algorithm is improved to obtain the optimal solution of the model. Finally, the actual data of an IES is selected to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the model. Meanwhile, the influence of uncertain factors on scheduling is introduced to verify the perfect coordination of economy and robustness of the model at runtime.

Abstract Background The hepatopancreas of crustaceans serves as a significant organ for both the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, as well as energy storage. In the event of food shortage, the hepatopancreas can provide energy for survival. To investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms of the hepatopancreas in response to starvation in Eriocheir Sinensis, transcriptome analysis, histological study and qRT-PCR were performed. Results The results showed that starvation caused a decrease in the hepatopancreas index of E. sinensis, which had certain effects on the tissue structure, metabolism and angiogenesis in the hepatopancreas. In addition, WGCNA and linear regression analysis showed that the genes significantly related to the hepatopancreas index were mainly enriched in the angiogenesis pathway, in which AKT signaling played an important role. Starvation may inhibit AKT signaling pathway by reducing the expression of TGFBI, HSP27, HHEX, and EsPVF1, thereby hindering angiogenesis, promoting apoptosis, and leading to hepatopancreas atrophy. Conclusion These results indicate that AKT plays an important role in the angiogenesis pathway and apoptosis of the starvation induced hepatopancreas index reduction, which is beneficial to further understand the effect of starvation stress on hepatopancreas of Chinese mitten crab.

"21·7" severe torrential rain occurred in Middle-North of Henan Province from 18 to 22 July 2021， which has been studied by many scholars.Affected by the northward movement of the weather systems in “21·7” torrential rain， a regional heavy rainstorm occurred subsequently in the middle section of Taihang Mountains from 20 to 22 July.Based on 0.25°×0.25° hourly ERA5 reanalysis data and multi-source high-resolution observation data from 2508 ground dense automatic weather stations， Doppler radar， wind profile radar， L-band radiosonde， ground-based GPS water vapor and so on， the characteristics and synoptic analysis of the heavy rain in the middle section of Taihang Mountains from 20 to 22 July 2021 were analyzed.The results show that： （1） The main weather systems were subtropical high， upper-tropospheric low vortex， shear line， low-level jet， moreover the long-distance water vapor transport of double typhoon of "In-Fa" and "Cempaka" was favorable to the heavy rain.The main synoptic background was stable atmospheric circulation and long-term maintenance of low-level easterly wind.（2） The locations of surface convergence line， surface dew point temperature front area， the strong echo area with reflectivity factor greater than 30 dBz， and short-term heavy precipitation zone of hourly precipitation greater than 10 mm were nearly consistent and stably maintained at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountains with less movement and long duration.During heavy precipitation phases， the easterly component of low-level winds increased， and the maximum height of east wind decreased.Farther， the maximum easterly component was 8 to 11 m·s-1， the maximum height of east wind was 510 m.The maximum height of low-level easterly jet was 510 m to 2310 m， the maximum low-level jet index was 33.1×10-3 s-1； The maximum vertical wind shear of 0~1 km and 0~3 km were 11.9 m·s-1 and 16.9 m·s-1 respectively.The easterly wind and Taihang Mountains made a horizontal convergence on windward slope， also the obvious terrain effect induced the increase of precipitation.（3） The deep wet layer extended from the ground to 400 hPa.During the precipitation process， the condensation height was close to the surface.The convective effective potential energy in the early stage of precipitation was 1925.5 J·kg-1.In the stage of heavy precipitation， when the GPS water vapor was higher than 50 mm， the start time of high water vapor was 5~6 hours ahead of the precipitation.The large value of water vapor flux of the middle and lower layers in the western mountainous area lasted for more than 10 hours， and the water vapor convergence was significantly higher than that in the East.Heavy precipitation presented as a band shape in front of Taihang Mountains.（4） The centroid of radar echo was low， and the strong echo area with reflectivity factor greater than 30 dBz lasted for 20 hours， the characteristics of train effect and warm-cloud precipitation were obvious in the western mountainous area.

【Objective】In recent years, grape industry has developed rapidly in Guangdong Province, which has been a high-profit grape production region where two crops of grape berry can be harvested in a year. However, the short day photoperiod and chilling temperatures in autumn and winter induce systematic leaf senescence, which is unfavorable for over-winter berry development and quality formation in grape. In the study, the effect of artificial supplementary lighting on leaf senescence and berry development in 'Shine Muscat' grape were explored, with an aim to provide technical basis for maintaining leaf function and berry development in winter.【Method】From mid-October, 8-year-old 'Shine Muscat' plants on rootstock of '5BB' were treated with 3 μmol/m2·s red and blue LED light (5∶1) belts, which were placed above the leaves at the fruit cluster node. Light supplementary was carried out from 18:00 to 24:00 until the berries became mature. Changes in chlorophyll index (SPAD value), photosynthetic parameters (Pn) of the leaves at the fruit cluster node and horizontal and vertical diameters of berries were traced, and single berry weight, cluster weight and total soluble solid (TSS) content were collected at mature period.【Result】After 6 weeks of supplementary lighting treatment, leaves at the cluster node in the control plants became yellowing with decreasing SPAD value. While artificial lighting treatment was effective to suppress leaf chlorosis in winter, with significantly lower SPAD decreasing range. After 10 weeks of treatment, leaves at various nodes in supplementary lighting treatment were higher than those at corresponding nodes in the control plants, suggesting that artificial lighting suppressed systematic leaf senescence in winter. The Pn of both lighting treatment and the control plants decreased dramatically from mid-November to late December. However, the decreasing range of Pn was smaller in the lighting treatment. Pn had no significant correlation with stomatal conductance (Gs), but was extremely negatively correlated to mesophyll CO2 concentration (Ci), indicating the reduction of Pn during leaf senescence in winter was mainly caused by non-stomatal limitation. Supplementary lighting treatment maintained Pn via overcoming both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. the supplementary lighting treatment, significantly increased single berry weight (10.8 g VS 8.8 g), promoted berry horizontal diameter, slightly increased single cluster weight, but significantly reduced total soluble solids (15.0% VS 16.7%).【Conclusion】The results show that supplementary lighting treatment is effective to delay systematic leaf senescence in winter and promote berry growth. It is recommended to use supplementary LED lighting during over-winter grape cultivation in Guangzhou or in regions with similar climate. However, measures should be taken to promote TSS accumulation in the berry.

Abstract Uncontrollable massive bleeding caused by trauma will cause the patient to lose a large amount of blood and drop body temperature quickly, resulting in hemorrhagic shock. This study aims to develop a hemostatic product for hemorrhage management. In this study, waste pomelo peel as raw material is chosen. It underwent processes of carbonization, purification, and freeze‐drying. The obtained carbonized pomelo peel (CPP) is hydrophilic and exhibits a porous structure (nearly 80% porosity). The water/blood absorption ratio is significantly faster than the commercial Gelfoam and has a similar water/blood absorption capacity. In addition, the CPP showed a water‐triggered shape‐recoverable ability. Moreover, the CPP shows ideal cytocompatibility and blood compatibility in vitro and favorable tissue compatibility after long terms of subcutaneous implantation. Furthermore, CPP can absorb red blood cells and fibrin. It also can absorb platelets and activate platelets, and it is capable of achieving rapid hemostasis on the rat tail amputation and hepatectomized hemorrhage model. In addition, the CPP not only can quickly stop bleeding in the rat liver‐perforation and rabbit heart uncontrolled hemorrhage models, but also promotes rat liver and rabbit heart tissue regeneration in situ. These results suggest the CPP has shown great potential for managing uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) offer high energy density, low cost, and are environmentally friendly, rendering them potential energy storage devices. However, dendrite growth on the zinc anode and numerous side reactions during operation challenge their commercialization. Recent advancements have introduced various materials for the functionalization of zinc anodes. These developments effectively mitigate the performance degradation of zinc anode, enhancing both its cycle stability and the overall performance of AZIBs. Herein, the construction of functionalized zinc anodes is discussed, current materials (including organic, inorganic and their composites) for modified zinc anodes are categorized, and the protective mechanism behind functionalized zinc anodes is analyzed. The study concludes by outlining the characteristics of materials suitable for dendritic‐free zinc anode construction and the prospects for future development directions of functionalized zinc anodes in AZIBs.

As a long-established model of schooling, the boarding system is commonly practiced in countries around the world. Numerous scholars have conducted a great deal of research on the relationship between the boarding school and student development, but the results of the research are quite divergent. In order to clarify the real effects of boarding school on students’ development, this study used meta-analysis to quantify 49 (91 effect sizes) experimental or quasi-experimental studies on related topics at home and abroad. The results find that: (1) Overall, boarding school has no significant predictive effect on student development, with a combined effect size of 0.002 (p > 0.05); (2) Specifically, boarding school has a significant positive predictive effect on students’ cognitive development (g = 0.248, p 0.05) and physical development (g = −0.038, p > 0.05); (3) The relationship between the two is moderated by the school stage and the type of boarding school, but not by the instruments; (4) Compared with primary school students, senior high school students and urban boarding students, the negative predictive effect of boarding system on junior middle school students and rural boarding students is more significant. In addition, there are some limitations in the study, such as the limited number of moderator variables included, the results of the study are easily affected by the quality of the included literature, and the dimensionality of the core variable “student development” is not comprehensive enough. In the future, further validation should be conducted through in-depth longitudinal or experimental studies.

Nitrofurazone is a synthetic antimicrobial drug developed by the Eaton Institute in the United States in the 1950s. Nitrofurazone can play an inhibitory or bactericidal role by interfering with the glucose metabolism process and oxidase system in bacteria. Due to its strong bactericidal ability, wide antibacterial spectrum, and low price, it was widely used in animal husbandry and aquaculture. Nitrofurazone is detected in animals because it is rapidly metabolized, with a half-life of only a few hours. Semicarbazide (a typical metabolite of nitrofurazone) is detected in food-borne products in a linear proportion to the amount of nitrofurazone added to the animal. Semicarbazide binds to animal proteins to generate stable residues and is difficult to metabolize completely. The United States, European Union, China, and other countries detect and monitor semicarbazide as a marker of nitrofurazone drugs. Nitrofurazone (and its metabolite semicarbazide) have teratogenic and carcinogenic effects on the human body. Any residues in animal-derived foods can be transmitted to humans through the food chain. Long-term intake of semicarbazide in humans will cause anemia, liver necrosis, neuritis, and damages the eyeball and DNA. Therefore, the United States, the European Union, and other countries have explicitly banned its use in the food industry. China has listed nitrofurazone as a banned drug and specified that nitrofurazone and its metabolites should not be detected in animal-derived foods. Over the years, the detection of semicarbazide has been limited by the detection methods and instruments. The Ministry of Agriculture has stated the residual limit of semicarbazide as 1.0 μg/kg and assigned a supervision and sampling inspection program.Existing studies have identified the semicarbazide detected in crustacean aquatic products combines the residue caused by nitrofurazone metabolism and other obvious sources of semicarbazide, which include: 1) the presence of endogenous sources in crustacean aquatic animals; 2) the growth environment and feed intake; and 3) aquatic product processing. Previously, semicarbazide residues were generally considered to be the result of excessive nitrofurazone drug use by farmers. In recent years, the farmers state they have not used nitrofurazone during aquaculture. However, semicarbazide has been present in seafood. In 2004, Saari et al. detected semicarbazide in Procambarus clarkii that did not consume nitrofurazone and provided the first report that crustaceans may naturally produce semicarbazide, which is causing the detection of semicarbazide in many cultured crustacean aquatic animals that have not been fed nitrofurazone drugs (represented by shrimp and crab). This research confirms the presence of endogenous semicarbazones in crustacean aquatic products. In addition, the natural living environment of crustacean aquatic animals is polluted with semicarbazide due to economic human activities. Many scientists have detected the presence of semicarbazide in the waters and sediments in various regions. Concurrently, semicarbazides also contaminate aquatic plants. Semicarbazide is a new water pollutant that exists in water bodies and plants, which is continuously enriched and enters organisms. Nitrofurazone is a commonly used antibiotic for aquaculture products and is often detected when the amino residues exceed the standard levels due to illegal addition by farmers. Studies have shown that semicarbazide is also introduced through processing aquatic products, such as sodium hypochlorite disinfection resulting in an increase in the levels of semicarbazide, by azodicarboxamide through thermal decomposition producing semicarbazide and so on. The biological toxicity of semicarbazide and the food chain transfer effect have ensured semicarbazide is now an important environmental and food pollutant.In the current aquatic trade in China, the presence of endogenous semicarbazide in crustacean aquatic products has serious impacts and interferes in the detection of nitrofurazone drugs, resulting in an inability to accurately determine semicarbazide sources. It is of great importance to thoroughly analyze and understand the main sources and formation mechanism of SEM in crustacean aquatic products to ensure the healthy development of the aquaculture industry in China. At present, there are two statements on the formation mechanism of endogenous semicarbazide: arginine is involved in the urea cycle of crustacean aquatic animals and semicarbazide is produced through the oxadine intermediate. An analysis of content changes in the main substances of the urea cycle revealed the formation of endogenous semicarbazide is closely related to the guanidinyl and amide groups of arginine, citrulline, and the amide structure of urea. Arginine is a potentially important factor in the formation of endogenous semicarbazide; secondly, SEM is derived from a single cell epidermis that produces chitin. There is a single cell epidermal layer secreting chitin between the shrimp shell and shrimp meat, and the detection level of semicarbazide in the shrimp meat close to this epidermal layer was more than three times higher than the inner shrimp meat. Therefore, the semicarbazide in shrimp meat mainly originates from the epidermal layer cells producing chitin. Two inferences on the formation mechanism of exogenous semicarbazide are: the carbamate ions in hypochlorite solution may react with ammonia or acid amide in aquatic products to generate hydrazine, and hydrazine reacts with urea and other compounds through the urea cycle to generate semicarbazide, increasing the production of semicarbazide; the azodicarbonamide added in processing is degraded to biurea at high temperatures, and biurea is then converted to semicarbazide by the hydrolysis reaction. Considering the different molecular structures between nitrofurazone and biurea, the speculation that nitrofurazone is metabolized to produce biurea can be ruled out. From existing studies, azodicarbonamide is the only biological source of biurea, so biurea can be used as the corresponding target detector of azodicarbonamide. To solve the problem that endogenous and exogenous semicarbazide cannot be distinguished in aquatic products in China, the endogenous and exogenous pathways of semicarbazide and the corresponding possible formation mechanisms are reviewed in this paper. The formation pathways of endogenous semicarbazide are speculated to help solve the formation mechanism of semicarbazide in crustacean aquatic products and provide scientific data for the standardization of semicarbazide residue limits in China.

Abstract Background Many scholars have proven cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method can predict the growth and development and assist in choosing the best time for treatment. However, assessing CVM is a complex process. The experience and seniority of the clinicians have an enormous impact on judgment. This study aims to establish a fully automated, high-accuracy CVM assessment system called the psc-CVM assessment system, based on deep learning, to provide valuable reference information for the growth period determination. Methods This study used 10,200 lateral cephalograms as the data set (7111 in train set, 1544 in validation set and 1545 in test set) to train the system. The psc-CVM assessment system is designed as three parts with different roles, each operating in a specific order. 1) Position Network for locating the position of cervical vertebrae; 2) Shape Recognition Network for recognizing and extracting the shapes of cervical vertebrae; and 3) CVM Assessment Network for assessing CVM according to the shapes of cervical vertebrae. Statistical analysis was conducted to detect the performance of the system and the agreement of CVM assessment between the system and the expert panel. Heat maps were analyzed to understand better what the system had learned. The area of the third (C3), fourth (C4) cervical vertebrae and the lower edge of second (C2) cervical vertebrae were activated when the system was assessing the images. Results The system has achieved good performance for CVM assessment with an average AUC (the area under the curve) of 0.94 and total accuracy of 70.42%, as evaluated on the test set. The Cohen's Kappa between the system and the expert panel is 0.645. The weighted Kappa between the system and the expert panel is 0.844. The overall ICC between the psc-CVM assessment system and the expert panel was 0.946. The F1 score rank for the psc-CVM assessment system was: CVS (cervical vertebral maturation stage) 6 > CVS1 > CVS4 > CVS5 > CVS3 > CVS2. Conclusions The results showed that the psc-CVM assessment system achieved high accuracy in CVM assessment. The system in this study was significantly consistent with expert panels in CVM assessment, indicating that the system can be used as an efficient, accurate, and stable diagnostic aid to provide a clinical aid for determining growth and developmental stages by CVM.

Mining of close coal seams envisages reservation of a large number of section coal pillars of a total width ranging from 30 to 40 m. This results in an enormous waste of coal resources and risks of spontaneous combustion, instability, and damage to the remaining coal pillars. This study attempts to mitigate the above problems via the proposed cooperative mining technical method for close seams and overlying coal pillars. It expounds on the technical principles, the required mining equipment, technology, and the system layout, and analyzes the key influencing factors of strata control. Using the numerical simulation via FLAC3D and PFC2D commercial software packages, the effect of horizontal distance between the lower coal seam roadway and the overlying coal pillar (i.e., spacing) on the surrounding rock control and rational layout of the roadway is studied. The mechanism of the overlying coal pillar width effect on the ground pressure of the stope and coal pillar recovery rate is clarified. The engineering case study shows that when the horizontal spacing was increased from 0 to 15 m, the surrounding rock deformation, surrounding rock stress peak value, and plastic zone area of the roadway decreased significantly. When the coal pillar width in the overlying section was increased from 25 to 40 m, the peak values of lateral and advance bearing stresses in the stope dropped by 21 and 12 MPa, respectively. Besides, the ground pressure driving strength of the stope was significantly reduced, and the recovery rates of the overlying coal pillar and rock between the close coal seams were increased by 7.45 and 4.29%, respectively. Combined with the top coal pillar drawing pattern, optimization concepts and their realization methods were proposed.

Abstract The d4PDF-WaveHs dataset represents the first single model initial-condition large ensemble of historical significant ocean wave height (H s ) at a global scale. It was produced using an advanced statistical model with predictors derived from Japan’s d4PDF ensemble of historical simulations of sea level pressure. d4PDF-WaveHs provides 100 realizations of H s for the period 1951–2010 (hence 6,000 years of data) on a 1° × 1° lat.-long. grid. Technical comparison of model skill against modern reanalysis and other historical wave datasets was undertaken at global and regional scales. d4PDF-WaveHs provides unique data to understand better the poorly known role of internal climate variability in ocean wave climate, which can be used to estimate better trend signals. It also provides a better sampling of extreme events. Overall, this is crucial to properly assess wave-driven impacts, such as extreme sea levels on low-lying populated coastal areas. This dataset may be of interest to a variety of researchers, engineers and stakeholders in the fields of climate science, oceanography, coastal management, offshore engineering, and energy resource development.

With the continuous increase in the proportion of distributed photovoltaic power stations, the demand for photovoltaic power grid connection is becoming more and more urgent, and the requirements for the accuracy of regional distributed photovoltaic power forecasting are also increasing. A distributed regional photovoltaic power prediction model based on a stacked ensemble algorithm is proposed here. This model first uses a graph attention network (GAT) to learn the structural features and relationships between sub-area photovoltaic power stations, dynamically calculating the attention weights of the photovoltaic power stations to capture the global relationships and importance between stations, and selects representative stations for each sub-area. Subsequently, the CNN-LSTM-multi-head attention parallel multi-channel (CNN-LSTM-MHA (PC)) model is used as the basic model to predict representative stations for sub-areas by integrating the advantages of both the CNN and LSTM models. The predicted results are then used as new features for the input data of the meta-model, which finally predicts the photovoltaic power of the large area. Through comparative experiments at different seasons and time scales, this distributed regional approach reduced the MAE metric by a total of 22.85 kW in spring, 17 kW in summer, 30.26 kW in autumn, and 50.62 kW in winter compared with other models.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of anthropogenic organic compounds widely present in the natural and human living environments. These emerging persistent pollutants can enter the human body through multiple channels, posing risks to human health. In particular, exposure to PFASs in women may cause a series of reproductive health hazards and infertility. Based on a review of the existing literature, this study preliminarily summarizes the effects of PFAS exposure on the occurrence and development of female reproductive endocrine diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Furthermore, we outline the relevant mechanisms through which PFASs interfere with the physiological function of the female ovary and finally highlight the role played by nutrients in reducing the reproductive health hazards caused by PFASs. It is worth noting that the physiological mechanisms of PFASs in the above diseases are still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the molecular mechanisms of PFASs in female reproductive diseases and the role of nutrients in this process.

Due to rapid research expansion on dietary factors and development of cancer prevention guidelines, the field of dietary pattern and its relationship to cancer risk has gained more focus. Numerous epidemiology studies have reported associations between Gastric Cancer (GC) and both data-driven posteriori dietary pattern and priori dietary pattern defined by predetermined dietary indexes. As dietary patterns have evolved, a series of patterns based on biological markers has advanced, offering deeper insights into the relationship between diet and the risk of cancer. Although researches on dietary patterns and cancer risk are booming, there is limited body of literature focusing specifically on GC. In this study, we compare the similarities and differences among the specific components of dietary patterns and indices, summarize current state of knowledge regarding dietary patterns related to GC and illustrate their potential mechanisms for GC prevention. In conclusion, we offer suggestions for future research based on the emerging themes within this rapidly evolving field.

ObjectivesThe most frequent cause of kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is lupus nephritis (LN), which is also a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Lactate metabolism and protein lactylation might be related to the development of LN. However, there is still a lack of relative research to prove the hypothesis. Hence, this study was conducted to screen the lactate-related biomarkers for LN and analyze the underlying mechanism.MethodsTo identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the training set (GSE32591, GSE127797), we conducted a differential expression analysis (LN samples versus normal samples). Then, module genes were mined using WGCNA concerning LN. The overlapping of DEGs, critical module genes, and lactate-related genes (LRGs) was used to create the lactate-related differentially expressed genes (LR-DEGs). By using a machine-learning algorithm, ROC, and expression levels, biomarkers were discovered. We also carried out an immune infiltration study based on biomarkers and GSEA.ResultsA sum of 1259 DEGs was obtained between LN and normal groups. Then, 3800 module genes in reference to LN were procured. 19 LR-DEGs were screened out by the intersection of DEGs, key module genes, and LRGs. Moreover, 8 pivotal genes were acquired via two machine-learning algorithms. Subsequently, 3 biomarkers related to lactate metabolism were obtained, including COQ2, COQ4, and NDUFV1. And these three biomarkers were enriched in pathways ‘antigen processing and presentation’ and ‘NOD-like receptor signaling pathway’. We found that Macrophages M0 and T cells regulatory (Tregs) were associated with these three biomarkers as well.ConclusionOverall, the results indicated that lactate-related biomarkers COQ2, COQ4, and NDUFV1 were associated with LN, which laid a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of LN.

Intensification of urban construction has gradually destroyed human habitat ecosystems. Plants, which serve as the foundation of ecosystems, require green, low-cost, and effective technologies to sustain their growth in stressful environments. A total of 286 keywords and 10 clusters from the bibliometric analysis of 529 articles (1999–2023) indicate the increasing importance of research on microbial functionality in landscape ecosystems. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) also improve plant disease resistance, adaptability, and survival. PSMs are widely used to promote plant growth and improve ecological quality. They can increase the availability of phosphorus in the soil and reduce the dependence of plants on chemical fertilizers. Microorganisms regulate phosphorus as key tools in landscape ecosystems. Most importantly, in urban and rural landscape practices, PSMs can be applied to green spaces, residential landscapes, road greening, and nursery planting, which play significant roles in improving vegetation coverage, enhancing plant resistance, improving environmental quality, and mitigating the heat island effect. PSMs are also helpful in restoring the ecological environment and biodiversity of polluted areas, such as brownfields, to provide residents with a more liveable living environment. Therefore, the multiple efficacies of PSM are expected to play increasingly important roles in the construction of urban and rural landscape ecosystems.

HtpG, a bacterial homolog of the eukaryotic 90 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90), represents the simplest member of the heat shock protein family. While the significance of Hsp90 in fungal and cancer drug resistance has been confirmed, the role of HtpG in bacterial antibiotic resistance remains largely unexplored. This research aims to investigate the impact of the htpG gene on antibiotic resistance in Vibrio mimicus. Through the creation of htpG gene deletion and complementation strains, we have uncovered the essential role of htpG in regulating the structural integrity of the bacterial cell envelope. Our transcriptomics analysis demonstrates that the deletion of htpG increases the sensitivity of V. mimicus to antimicrobial peptides, primarily due to upregulated lipopolysaccharide synthesis, reduced glycerophospholipid content, and weakened efflux pumps activity. Conversely, reduced sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics in the ΔhtpG strain results from decreased peptidoglycan synthesis and dysregulated peptidoglycan recycling and regulation. Further exploration of specific pathway components is essential for a comprehensive understanding of htpG-mediated resistance mechanisms, aiding in the development of antimicrobial agents. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to explore the relationship between htpG and drug resistance in bacteria.