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Background Obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) is becoming increasingly competitive among medical specialties. As a result, many medical schools have frameworks to help their students increase their competitiveness to maximize chances of a successful match. However, "boot camps" have traditionally been geared toward the transition to intern year and not to sub-internships during the fourth year of medical school. We aimed to develop a boot camp for rising fourth-year medical students planning to apply into OBGYN before the initiation of their sub-internships and interview season. Methods Sixteen students enrolled in this course led by faculty OBGYNs at our institution. We utilized a combination of mentorship, coaching, and education to achieve applicant success. The curriculum included formal lectures, surgical skills training, and focused feedback from our applicant development committee. Results Our response rate was 100% and 94% for the pre-intervention and post-intervention survey, respectively. Before the intervention, the majority of participants felt either neutral (47.4%) or unprepared (21.1%) regarding their knowledge before their sub-internships. However, after the intervention, all reported feeling more prepared for their rotations. All respondents either agreed (60%) or strongly agreed (40%) that the course increased their confidence in performing well on audition rotations. Our match rate increased from 62% for the class of 2022 (before this intervention) to 75% for the class of 2023. Discussion In light of the increasing residency match competitiveness, it is crucial to investigate programs that can assist students in developing stronger applications. This reproducible intervention utilizes few resources and can be implemented at most medical schools to better support their OBGYN applicants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is a validated instrument used to explore participants' perceptions of leadership and the Outcomes of leadership , participants' evaluation of and satisfaction with leadership and willingness to put in extra effort. The factor structure of MLQ varies across studies. The aim was to explore the psychometric properties of the MLQ for early-career pharmacists rating their preceptor's leadership. The MLQ was administered to provisionally registered pharmacists during the final half of their 1 year of supervised practice. Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analysis (CFA & EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to analyse the data. Responses were obtained from 430 participants (25 % of all Australian pre-registration pharmacists at the time). CFA demonstrated that the original 9-factor model and a range of previously published models were poor fit for the data. EFA revealed that a good fit was a model with 4 factors named: Passive laissez-faire , Strategic visionary, Personalized, and Active management by exception. Passive laissez-faire and Active management by exception were consistent with previously published models. The Strategic visionary and Personalized factors were interpreted as 2 forms of transformational leadership that includes the provision of rewards depending on performance. A SEM of MLQ sub-scales predicting Outcomes of leadership explained 90.3 % of variance. Personalized leadership was highly predictive (β = 0.743, P < 0.001) while the three other factors had negligible effects. The psychometric analyses demonstrated overlap of the original 9-factors. A more parsimonious 4-factor model fit the data well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police officers typically are the first responders to a mental health crisis call. Often, they do not have the required training or tools to deal with these types of calls. This problem is exacerbated in small police departments, which often have fewer resources than large police departments. Alternative programs are needed in smaller police agencies to assist with these issues that officers are facing. This study uses a mixed methods approach to evaluate a recently developed mental health liaison internship program implemented in a small police department in Pennsylvania, exploring whether the program affected police morale and calls for service. Qualitative data from officer interviews indicated officers had a positive perception of the mental health liaison. Compared to the year before the internship program started, emergency calls for service for emotionally disturbed persons increased by 47% during the year the internship program was implemented, although this could be due to citizens trying to connect with the mental health liaison. Additionally, these calls were concentrated in four main addresses, comprising 30% of the emergency calls for service for emotionally disturbed persons in 2021 and 2022. These findings are discussed in light of the extant literature. Overall, the internship program provided an experiential learning opportunity for the student, assisted the small police department and improved officer morale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Design Methods Results Conclusions Implications Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To investigate interns' and junior nurses' perceptions, coping confidence and attitudes towards workplace violence in China.Cross‐sectional survey study involving 622 interns or nurses with < 5 years of hospital experience.Data were gathered from the largest tertiary hospital in southwestern mainland China using a general information questionnaire, the Perception of Aggression Scale, the Confidence in Coping with Patient Aggression Instrument and the Management of Aggressive and Violence Attitude Scale. Structural equation modelling was used to understand relationships and pathways between the nurses' perceptions of, confidence in dealing with and attitudes towards managing workplace violence.The average scores for the perception of workplace violence, confidence in coping with workplace violence and attitudes towards violence management were 37.44 (±11.60), 29.84 (±8.23) and 81.87 (±23.72), respectively. Perceptions of workplace violence, confidence in coping with workplace violence and attitudes towards violence management show low to moderate correlations; confidence in coping with workplace violence was the mediating variable in the interactions among the three variables.Interns and junior nurses have weaker perceptions of workplace violence, lower confidence in their ability to cope with violence and more negative attitudes towards violence management. Perceptions of workplace violence affected attitudes towards violence management through the intermediary role of confidence in coping with workplace violence.Nursing managers should increase education and training to improve interns' and junior nurses' awareness and confidence in dealing with workplace violence. Healthcare organisations should prevent and manage workplace violence to develop nurses' positive attitudes towards violence management.The study adhered to the STROBE checklist of cross‐sectional studies.Interns and nurses with < 5 years of experience participated by voluntarily completing a paper questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Dental trauma is one of the most serious and frequent oral problems in active children as well as adolescents worldwide. Anyone can be a victim. Hence, the level of competence in the management cannot be undermined. Aim This study aims to evaluate the experience and confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists in Benin City, Nigeria. Methodology This questionnaire-based, analytical, and cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire containing 15 closed- and open-ended questions to garner data from respondents. Data from 95 respondents were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Studies software version 26.0 (IBM Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.), and both univariate and bivariate analyses were used in this study. Results A substantial proportion of respondents 73 (76.8%) had never managed any case of dental trauma. A relatively higher proportion of respondents were more confident in managing cases of enamel fracture 18 (18.9%), enamel infraction 17 (17.9%), and enamel-dentine fracture 12 (12.6%) as compared to other more complicated fractures. Conclusion The experience and level of confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists were found to be poor, and they were more confident in managing less complicated cases of dental trauma.

Background Rational prescription writing is an important skill to master during internship. This Quality Improvement (QI) project aimed to understand the state of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry, analyze the causes responsible for errors in prescription writing and bring about a change in the current practice. Methods The MBBS interns are posted in the Department of Psychiatry for 15 days. During day 1 to day 5 of their posting, a pre intervention phase was conducted wherein prescriptions written by interns in the Department of Psychiatry were collected. The prescriptions were scored based on 14 criteria which were selected based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Medical Council of India (MCI) ideal prescription format. During PDSA (Plan Do Study Act) Cycle 1, an educational handout was distributed to the interns containing the MCI ideal prescription format and WHO guidelines regarding prescription writing. The brochure was also verbally explained to the interns. From day 7 to day 15 of their posting, prescriptions written by the interns were collected. The prescriptions were scored using the same criteria. Results During the pre intervention phase the mean total score of prescriptions was 9.54 ± 1.003. There was a significant improvement in the mean total score to 10.26 ± 0.746. There was a 7.54% improvement. There was also a significant improvement in several individual criteria. Conclusions The first PDSA cycle was successful in improving the quality of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry. There is a need to implement more PDSA cycles to improve the quality still further.

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal is the property of ESTUDAM Public Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction The integration of Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) into the care of trauma patients, specifically the E-FAST, has improved the accuracy of initial diagnoses and improved time to surgical intervention in critically ill patients. Physician assistants (PAs) are critically important members of any military trauma resuscitation team and are often team leaders in a pre-hospital setting. They may receive training in ultrasound but there are little data to support their use or evaluate their effectiveness in using POCUS. We designed a study to evaluate the image quality of an E-FAST Exam performed by Emergency Medicine Physician Assistant (EMPA) Fellows and Emergency Medicine (EM) Interns following identical training. Our hypothesis is that image quality obtained by EMPAs will be non-inferior to those images obtained by EM Interns. Materials and Methods This is a prospective single-blinded study comparing the image quality of E-FAST exams performed by first year EM interns and first year EMPA fellows. All participants completed standard POCUS training prior to enrollment in the study. A total of 8 EMPAs and 8 EM first year residents completed 10 recorded E-FAST exams to be used as study images. Participants also viewed a 15-question slide show containing images of positive (6) and negative (9) E-FAST exams and recorded their interpretations. Images were reviewed by expert reviewers who were blinded to which images were collected by which group. An image quality score was recorded for each view as well as an overall image quality score. Image quality was rated on a 1 to 5 image quality scale. Results For overall image quality, the mean score for EMPAs was 3.6 ± 0.5 and for EM residents was 3.2 ± 0.5 with statistical significance favoring better image quality from the EMPAs. The time to completion for the EFAST exam for EMPAs was 4.8 ± 1.3 minutes and for interns it was 3.4 ± 1.4 minutes (P value = 0.02). There was no difference in image interpretation quiz scores between the groups (mean score 92% among interns and 95% among PAs). Conclusions POCUS is an imaging modality which is very portable and relatively inexpensive which makes it ideal for military medicine. PAs are essential members of military trauma teams, and often run an initial trauma resuscitation. Being able to correctly identify patients who have free fluid early in the course of treatment allows for more correct evacuation criteria to ensure the sickest patients get to care the fastest. Although there are limited data to support POCUS use by non-physicians, our data support a growing body of evidence that it is not the profession or baseline medical education that determines an individual's ability to use and incorporate ultrasound into bedside and clinical practice. Our study shows that with training and experience PAs or other members of the military health care team can use the EFAST to better care for trauma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Duty hours for internships and residents have received globally criticism attention in recent years. Working hours highly affect trainee well-being, patient care, and education programs. There is no consensus about the benefit of reducing working hours. We aim to assess how reducing in work hours can influence interns on some aspects of training, well-being, and patient care.Method: This study was conducted in Internal Medicine Department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. We reduced working hours from 20 hours to 10 hours in a shift for 6 weeks in our department for interns and a self-administered, validated questionnaire, which has previously been evaluated for the validity and reliability, was given to internal medicine residents and interns. At the end of the study, data were analyzed by SPSS.Results: A total of 11 residents and 23 interns completed the surveys. Limited working hours has significant beneficial effects according to participants' opinions in many domains with duty hour restrictions (P

Background: Dental trauma is one of the most serious and frequent oral problems in active children as well as adolescents worldwide. Anyone can be a victim. Hence, the level of competence in the management cannot be undermined. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the experience and confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists in Benin City, Nigeria. Methodology: This questionnaire-based, analytical, and cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire containing 15 closed- and open-ended questions to garner data from respondents. Data from 95 respondents were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Studies software version 26.0 (IBM Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.), and both univariate and bivariate analyses were used in this study. Results: A substantial proportion of respondents 73 (76.8%) had never managed any case of dental trauma. A relatively higher proportion of respondents were more confident in managing cases of enamel fracture 18 (18.9%), enamel infraction 17 (17.9%), and enamel-dentine fracture 12 (12.6%) as compared to other more complicated fractures. Conclusion: The experience and level of confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists were found to be poor, and they were more confident in managing less complicated cases of dental trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Duty hours for internships and residents have received globally criticism in recent years. Working hours highly affect the trainees' well-being, patient care, and education programs. There is no consensus about the benefit of reducing working hours. The present study aimed to assess how reducing the working hours can influence interns on some aspects of training, well-being, and patient care. Method: This study was conducted in Internal Medicine Department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The present researchers reduced the working hours from 20 to 10 hours in a shift for 6 weeks in their department for interns, as well as a self-administered and validated questionnaire, which has previously been evaluated for the validity and reliability, was given to internal medicine residents and interns. At the end of the study, data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: A total of 11 residents and 23 interns completed the survey. Limited working hours had significant beneficial effects according to participants' opinions in many domains with duty hour restrictions (P<0.05). These included subdomains such as, increasing training and participating in their classes, well-being, improving the quality of file completion, more responsibility, better history taking, and less medical mistakes. Conclusions: As indicated, 83% of residents and 73% of interns reached a consensus on reducing the working-hours of the clinical rounds in many subdomains with duty hour reform. Their perceptions showed critical benefits in ability to deliver patient care, education, and well-being after duty hour restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Nurse leaders have a crucial impact in healthcare settings. Hospitals require qualified nurses with leadership skills to provide healthy work environments and enhance the outcomes related to staff nurses and patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing experience on leadership skills among staff nurses and intern nursing students. Methods A mixed methods design was applied (quantitative survey design for quantitative part and open-ended questions for qualitative part). Convenience sampling of staff nurses and intern nursing students in Saudi Arabia was applied. There were148 participants who completed the survey of the quantitative part, and 50 of them completed the qualitative part. Participants completed the Leadership Practice Inventory Questionnaire. SPSS v26 was used to analyze quantitative part, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative part. Results This study found a significance difference among participating groups regarding to the years of experience (F = 5.05, p = 0.00). Three themes were found for the qualitative part which were strategies to enhance leadership skills, factors affecting leadership skills, and obstacles facing participants related to leadership skills. The qualitative data also revealed that participants found that clinical supervision and education ways to enhance the leadership skills, while work pressure, work environment and communication were obstacles of developing their leadership skills. Conclusion Leadership skills are considered as a significant component of the function of qualified nurses and should be viewed as central to intern nursing students’ learning development. Moreover, leadership skills are essential for the patient and organization outcomes. Nursing colleges and educators play an important role in enhancing to leadership skills as well as experience. Nurse leaders can create healthy care environments that have high quality and safety for patients. Management systems in healthcare organizations must motivate and support clinical leaders who can recognize both individual and clinical requirements and address current issues in their field.

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of death globally. Emergency cases related to CVDs have an important place among all emergency applications. This study was conducted to determine the competencies of intern physicians studying at the Faculty of Medicine in the Republic of Türkiye regarding their perspective on cardiology education and expertise, their ability to diagnose and treat cardiovascular emergencies and their ability to manage these emergency cases. Materials and Methods: The study included 286 intern physicians, 149 of whom were women (52.1%) and 137 of whom were men (47.9%), who completed the survey sent to social messaging programs. Physicians were asked about the adequacy of the education at the medical schools they attended and case questions regarding cardiovascular emergencies, including basic biochemical and radiological imaging methods, and their answers were recorded. Results: The average age of the intern physicians participating in the study was found to be 24.1±1.3 years. In questions regarding medical and specialty education, only 57% of intern physicians stated that they received adequate medical education, and 76.6% stated that the Covid-19 pandemic affected their medical education. The part that physicians are most hesitant about making the correct diagnosis and applying treatment in cardiovascular emergencies is medication administration. Conclusion: Intern physicians should be given basic training on the correct approach to cardiovascular emergencies, both during their medical education and in workshops after graduation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students are required to complete supervised practice hours prior to becoming Registered Dietitians and Physician Assistants. Research suggests that environmental and social factors affect dietetic interns' diets during their internship, although these factors have not been studied among physician assistant interns. This cross-sectional study utilized an online survey to compare dietetic interns' (n = 81) and physician assistant interns' (n = 79) fruit and vegetable intake, food security, barriers to healthy eating, and empowerment for making healthy dietary choices during an internship. Differences were assessed via independent t-tests and chi-square distributions. The significance was set at p < 0.05. Dietetic interns had a higher vegetable intake (p = 0.002) while physician assistant interns had higher rates of food insecurity (p = 0.040). Dietetic interns reported a greater impact on their dietary choices due to mental fatigue (p = 0.006), while physician assistant interns' dietary choices were more heavily impacted by peer influence, interactions with patients, and interactions with preceptors (p < 0.05). There was not a group difference in overall empowerment (p = 0.157), although both groups rated empowerment for asking for help with food and nutrition challenges the lowest of the empowerment sub-items. Addressing interns' unique needs may support students' educational success and wellbeing once they are professionals, promote a diverse workforce, and ensure optimal care for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the attitudes of Shumen University students participating in the Student Internships – Phase 2 project (2020 – 2023). The idea of the authors is to evaluate to what extent the additional practice is an opportunity to increase the competencies and skills of the students in a real working environment according to the specifics of the field of higher education, the professional training of the students, which in turn would improve the quality of higher education. The results of the questionnaire analysis show/prove that the “Student Practice” project is an attempt to improve the quality of higher education by providing opportunities to gain practical experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurse leaders have a crucial impact in healthcare settings. Hospitals require qualified nurses with leadership skills to provide healthy work environments and enhance the outcomes related to staff nurses and patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing experience on leadership skills among staff nurses and intern nursing students. Methods: A mixed methods design was applied (quantitative survey design for quantitative part and open-ended questions for qualitative part). Convenience sampling of staff nurses and intern nursing students in Saudi Arabia was applied. There were148 participants who completed the survey of the quantitative part, and 50 of them completed the qualitative part. Participants completed the Leadership Practice Inventory Questionnaire. SPSS v26 was used to analyze quantitative part, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative part. Results: This study found a significance difference among participating groups regarding to the years of experience (F = 5.05, p = 0.00). Three themes were found for the qualitative part which were strategies to enhance leadership skills, factors affecting leadership skills, and obstacles facing participants related to leadership skills. The qualitative data also revealed that participants found that clinical supervision and education ways to enhance the leadership skills, while work pressure, work environment and communication were obstacles of developing their leadership skills. Conclusion: Leadership skills are considered as a significant component of the function of qualified nurses and should be viewed as central to intern nursing students' learning development. Moreover, leadership skills are essential for the patient and organization outcomes. Nursing colleges and educators play an important role in enhancing to leadership skills as well as experience. Nurse leaders can create healthy care environments that have high quality and safety for patients. Management systems in healthcare organizations must motivate and support clinical leaders who can recognize both individual and clinical requirements and address current issues in their field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Rational prescription writing is an important skill to master during internship. This Quality Improvement (QI) project aimed to understand the state of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry, analyze the causes responsible for errors in prescription writing and bring about a change in the current practice. Methods The MBBS interns are posted in the Department of Psychiatry for 15 days. During day 1 to day 5 of their posting, a pre intervention phase was conducted wherein prescriptions written by interns in the Department of Psychiatry were collected. The prescriptions were scored based on 14 criteria which were selected based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Medical Council of India (MCI) ideal prescription format. During PDSA (Plan Do Study Act) Cycle 1, an educational handout was distributed to the interns containing the MCI ideal prescription format and WHO guidelines regarding prescription writing. The brochure was also verbally explained to the interns. From day 7 to day 15 of their posting, prescriptions written by the interns were collected. The prescriptions were scored using the same criteria. Results During the pre intervention phase the mean total score of prescriptions was 9.54 ± 1.003. There was a significant improvement in the mean total score to 10.26 ± 0.746. There was a 7.54% improvement. There was also a significant improvement in several individual criteria. Conclusions The first PDSA cycle was successful in improving the quality of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry. There is a need to implement more PDSA cycles to improve the quality still further.

Background Rational prescription writing is an important skill to master during internship. This Quality Improvement (QI) project aimed to understand the state of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry, analyze the causes responsible for errors in prescription writing and bring about a change in the current practice. Methods The MBBS interns are posted in the Department of Psychiatry for 15 days. During day 1 to day 5 of their posting, a pre intervention phase was conducted wherein prescriptions written by interns in the Department of Psychiatry were collected. The prescriptions were scored based on 14 criteria which were selected based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Medical Council of India (MCI) ideal prescription format. During PDSA (Plan Do Study Act) Cycle 1, an educational handout was distributed to the interns containing the MCI ideal prescription format and WHO guidelines regarding prescription writing. The brochure was also verbally explained to the interns. From day 7 to day 15 of their posting, prescriptions written by the interns were collected. The prescriptions were scored using the same criteria. Results During the pre intervention phase the mean total score of prescriptions was 9.54 ± 1.003. There was a significant improvement in the mean total score to 10.26 ± 0.746. There was a 7.54% improvement. There was also a significant improvement in several individual criteria. Conclusions The first PDSA cycle was successful in improving the quality of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry. There is a need to implement more PDSA cycles to improve the quality still further.

Optimal health depends on the intricate interplay of genetics, environment, and nutrition, encompassing aspects of physical, mental, and social well-being. This study rigorously assesses the dietary habits of final-year medical students during their internship, with a specific focus on understanding the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. The overarching goal is to advocate for and contribute to the fostering of healthier lifestyles among medical students. Materials/Methods: This descriptive research aimed to survey the entire cohort comprising 200 final-year medical students enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine at a public university. Among them, 125 participants actively participated in the online dietary survey conducted from September to October 2020. Results: During their internship, most participants had two (35.2%) or three (48.8%) daily meals, often skipping breakfast (40.0%) due to lack of appetite or opportunities. Approximately 77% maintained underweight or normal weight. The majority (95.2%) lacked a specific dietary pattern. Protein and carbohydrates were favored (75.3% for females, 96.2% for males), with more females choosing fruits and vegetables. Conclusions: This study underscores the imperative for an all-encompassing nutrition education framework within medical student curricula. It unveils discernible variations in dietary practices, encompassing the consumption of nuts, sugary foods, energy drinks, and tea/coffee, stratified by gender and body mass index. Furthermore, the investigation establishes that exam preparation significantly influences dietary habits. Notably, independent living emerges as a pivotal factor shaping preferences for sugary foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine intern physicians' attitudes and beliefs toward obesity and individuals with obesity and the frequency at which they encounter discriminatory language in their work environments. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with intern physicians at the Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty in Samsun, Türkiye. A questionnaire was employed for data collection (Appendix). Two hundred eighteen (82.2%) interns took part in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 53 questions in five sections, and included the attitudes toward obese persons (ATOP) and beliefs about obese persons (BAOP) scales. Results: The interns most frequently cited genetic factors (98.1%) and endocrine disorder-metabolic disorders (98.1%) as non-behavioral causes of obesity, and overeating (96.2%) and physical immobility (96.2%) as behavioral causes. Lifestyle changes and exercise were most frequently recommended for treatment. The interns' attitudes toward individuals with obesity were very slightly negative, but close to neutral. Analysis showed that 46.8% of the interns reported hearing members of academic staff, intern physicians, or health workers make negative or derogatory comments or jokes about obese patients during their education, while 22.0% reported witnessing an obese patient being subjected to discriminatory treatment in the hospital environment. Conclusion: Medical faculties must develop curricula aimed at comprehensively addressing obesity-related bias. Such a curriculum should allow students to reflect on their biases, be aimed at reducing the effect of those biases on patient communication, and involve strategies directed toward eliminating those effects from physicians' treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: The purpose of this review is to highlight literature regarding resident boot camps published across surgical specialties with a focus on urology. Herein, we discuss different boot camp iterations, their results, and the integration of simulation into their curriculum. We review program elements such as curriculum, course length, and efficacy as well as areas for continued investigation. Recent Findings: The field of urology has grown in both the breadth of knowledge and the complexity of procedures. With urology now being an integrated surgical subspecialty, interns often start on the urology service despite limited experience navigating this unique specialty. The boot camp model is one method by which interns and junior residents participate in consolidated training programs to best prepare them for a patient-facing role and the day-to-day demands of residency. Urology programs, both in the USA and abroad, have begun integrating boot camps into their training programs with positive results. Summary: Urology boot camps can be a valuable part of training programs for interns to quickly establish medical knowledge, skills, and efficiency. Boot camps should be easily accessible, have sufficient support from institutions, and provide effective training through various methods such as didactics and simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Interns spend an inordinate amount of the workday writing notes, leading to less time in direct patient care. Since the introduction of the 80-h workweek, it has been shown that interns spend 12% of the workday in direct patient care, compared to 40% at the computer. A dedicated note-writing hour was introduced into the pediatric intern shift to evaluate its effects on note writing behaviors. Within 1 year of implementation in July 2019, we aimed to establish that 80% of all pediatric intern notes were completed prior to the end of their shift. Methods: Time stamps from EPIC electronic health record (EHR) database were reviewed for all notes written by pediatric interns during three periods of interest: prior to the implementation of the hour (Jan-May 2019), immediately after implementation (July-Nov 2019), and a year after (May-Aug 2020). Results: Prior to implementation, 67.9% of notes were completed by sign out. In the period immediately following implementation, and at a year post implementation, percentages increased to 72.5% and 73.5%, respectively. The percentage of notes completed prior to the end of the protected hour improved from 34.0% to 49.5% and 53.7%, respectively. The percentage of notes completed in less than 1 h also increased from 13.9% to 50.6% and 24.9%, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that a designated note writing hour for interns offer an effective intervention to improve note writing efficiency, however, the goal of 80% note completion by sign out was not met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Patient safety is associated with patient outcomes. However, there is insufficient evidence of patient safety in the dental field. This study aimed to compare incidents reported by dentists and physicians, compare the type of errors made by them, and identify how dentists prevent dental errors. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted using open data from the Japan Council for Quality Health Care database. A total of 6071 incident reports submitted for the period 2016–2020 were analyzed; the number of dentists’ incident reports was 144, and the number of physicians’ incident reports was 5927. Results The percentage of dental intern reporters was higher than that of medical intern reporters (dentists: n = 12, 8.3%; physicians: n = 180, 3.0%; p = 0.002). The percentage of reports by dentists was greater than that by physicians: wrong part of body treated (dentists: n = 26, 18.1%; physicians: n = 120, 2.0%; p

Introduction: Physicians whether during training years or working years are involved with the shift work system. Night shifts and the sleep deprivation that ensues have many adverse effects both physical and mental. Hence any decrease in doctors’ mental capacities will potentially put his and his patients’ health at risk, we decided to conduct a study to check medical interns’ Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM) and Response Inhibition Functions changes after a night shift compared to the day before. Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 medical interns from the Guilan University of Medical Sciences were recruited by random sampling. Each participant completed a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and was asked about his/her smoking habit and prior night's sleep. Each examinee then was tested in the morning before and after the night shift for VSTM by forward Corsi Block Tapping Test (CBTT) and for Response Inhibition by Stroop Word/Color Test implemented in the PEBL software version 2beta6. The data were coded and analyzed in SPSS v21. Results: There was no significant change in the intern's CBTT and Stroop Test results after a night shift and their VSTM and Response Inhibition Functions remained fairly intact. According to their PSQI results, 29 interns had poor sleep quality and only two had an acceptable PSQI score (5 or less). Conclusion: We argued that the consistent results of the CBTT and the Stroop Color Test could be due to many causes from small sample size to overall lower function under chronic sleep deprivation.

The subject of the research is the marketing strategy of persons carrying out activities in the field of customs. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for improving the marketing strategy of customs representatives. The author used the following scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, comparison, induction and deduction. In the course of the study, the application of the theoretical design of the marketing complex 5P for the analysis of marketing strategies of participants in foreign economic activity was studied; the marketing strategies of customs representatives were compared; shortcomings of marketing strategies were identified and proposals for their improvement were developed. The scope of the results is primarily within the interests of marketing practitioners and scientists, since this specific area has not been practically studied. In addition, the results can be useful in the educational process, when teaching such disciplines as Marketing and Economic security of an enterprise participating in foreign economic activity. Based on the material presented in the article, it was concluded that the inactive marketing activities of the majority of customs representatives may lead to the termination of their activities in the face of growing competition in the market.

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As healthcare becomes more of a consumerism-based industry, organizations and leaders are embracing innovative approaches and models to drive patient choice and brand loyalty. Northwell Health, New York State’s largest comprehensive health system, has integrated hospitality as a core pillar within its dynamic patient experience strategy. This informative case report highlights Northwell’s pragmatic approach to designing, implementing, and sustaining an experiential internship program entitled, Hospitality in Healthcare Internship. The program has resulted in action-oriented patient experience performance improvement opportunities as well as create a robust pipeline of hospitality-minded talent into the organization. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Environment & Hospitality lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://theberylinstitute.org/experience-framework/). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens.

Abstract Background The proportion of older adults and individuals with disabilities in the general population increases each year. Thus, clinical clerkships designed for physiotherapy interns should provide more than simply knowledge and skills. For such interns to be able to handle the requirements of their future jobs, clerkships must enable them to develop empathy and positive attitudes toward patients. This study investigated the effect of simulation-based, holistic health-care education on physiotherapy interns’ empathy, attitudes, and knowledge. Methods A parallel-group design. Thirty physiotherapy interns from a medical institution were enrolled as participants, with experimental and control groups each comprising 15 participants. Both groups received standard clinical training. However, the experimental group received an additional 3.5 h of simulation-based holistic health-care education. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy, Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale, the Attitudes Towards the Elderly Scale, the Knowledge About Aging Scale, Knowledge of the Situation of Older People Scale, Perceptions of Working with Older People Scale, and Care Willingness Scale were used in a pretest and posttest. Results After the intervention period, we observed substantial between-group differences of 6.4 points on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (p = 0.001), 7.7 points on Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale (p = 0.002), 3.5 points on the Attitudes Toward the Elderly Scale (p = 0.002), 2.5 points on Knowledge About Aging (p = 0.055), 4.5 points on the Knowledge of the Situation of Older People Scale (p

Almost half of NHS doctors are junior doctors, while high proportions are women and/or Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals. Discrimination against this population is associated with poorer career-related outcomes and unequal representation. We aimed to qualitatively explore junior doctors' experience of workplace racial and gender-based discrimination, and its impact on their psychological distress (PD). In this study, we carried out a secondary analysis of data from a UK-based parent study about junior doctors' working cultures and conditions. Interview data was examined using thematic analysis. Transcripts (n = 14) documenting experiences of race and/or gender-based discrimination were sampled and analysed from 21 in-depth interviews conducted with UK junior doctors. Four themes were generated about the experiences and perpetrators of discrimination, the psychological impact of discrimination, and organisational interventions that tackle discrimination. Discrimination in various forms was reported, from racially charged threats to subtle microaggressions. Participants experienced profoundly elevated levels of PD, feeling fearful, undermined, and under-confident. Discrimination is associated with elevated levels of PD, whilst negatively impacting workforce sustainability and retention. This reduces the opportunity for more diversity in NHS medical leadership. We encourage NHS hospitals to review their policies about discrimination and develop in-person workshops that focus on recognising, challenging, and reporting workplace discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) provide reliable and standardized means for assessing the performance of core clinical skills. Our previous experience with entrustable professional activity-based multidisciplinary OSCEs suggests that this exercise offers just-in-time baseline information regarding critical intern skills. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic forced medical education programs to reimagine such educational experiences. For the safety of all of the participants, the Internal Medicine and Family Medicine residency programs pivoted from an in-person OSCE to a hybrid model (combination of in-person and virtual encounters) while maintaining the goals of the OSCE administered in previous years. This article describes an innovative pivot to redesign and implement a previous in-person OSCE to a hybrid OSCE model for interns without compromising intern clinical skills assessment or satisfaction of intern residents and faculty observers. Objectives: Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) provide reliable and standardized means for assessing the performance of specific clinical skills. Our previous experience with entrustable professional activity-based multidisciplinary OSCEs suggests that this exercise offers just-in-time baseline information regarding critical intern skills. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic forced medical education programs to reimagine such educational experiences. For the safety of all of the participants, the Internal Medicine and Family Medicine residency programs pivoted from an in-person OSCE to a hybrid model (combination of in-person and virtual encounters) while maintaining the goals of the OSCEs administered in previous years. Here, we describe an innovative hybrid approach to redesigning and implementing the existing OSCE model while maximizing risk mitigation. Methods: In total, 41 interns from Internal Medicine and Family Medicine participated in the 2020 hybrid OSCE. Five stations allowed for clinical skills assessment. Faculty completed skills checklists with global assessments and simulated patients completed communication checklists with global assessments. Interns, faculty, and simulated patients completed a post-OSCE survey. Results: Informed consent, handoffs, and oral presentation were the lowest performing stations (29.2%, 53.6%, 53.6%, respectively) as assessed by faculty skill checklists. One hundred percent of interns (41/41) indicated that immediate faculty feedback was the most valuable part of the exercise, and all of the participating faculty believed that the format was efficient, allowing ample time to provide feedback and complete checklists. Eighty-nine percent of simulated patients cited they would be willing to participate again if the same assessment were to be held during the pandemic. The limitations of the study included the lack of demonstration of physical examination maneuvers by interns. Conclusions: A hybrid OSCE to assess interns' baseline skills during orientation using Zoom technology could be delivered successfully and safely during the pandemic without compromising the program's goals or satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of whether trainees/interns should be classified as employees, and therefore must be paid, has been adjudicated throughout the court system for over three-quarters of a century. The most recent United States Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division Fact Sheet #71 cites judicial rulings spanning from 1947 through 2017, including: Walling v. Portland Terminal (U.S. 1947), Solis v. Laurelbrook Sanitarium & Sch. (6th Cir. 2011), Schumann v. Collier Anesthesia (11th Cir. 2015), Glatt v. Fox Searchlight Pictures (2nd Cir. 2015), and Benjamin v. B&H Education (9th Cir. 2017). These cases provide useful rationale for analyzing the proper classification of the relationship between trainees/interns and employers. This paper summarizes several of the federal cases that have played an integral role in answering the employment classification question including those noted on the most recently updated Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division Fact Sheet #71. This paper also discusses the evolution of the factors considered in evaluating employment relationships and provides insight into judicial influences on the Department of Labor's guidance on determining proper employment classifications, including the incorporation of text from legal cases within the publications of the Wage and Hour Division Fact Sheet #71. Finally, this paper explores contemporary workplace situations that will conceivably impact future internship programs and employment related situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient safety is associated with patient outcomes. However, there is insufficient evidence of patient safety in the dental field. This study aimed to compare incidents reported by dentists and physicians, compare the type of errors made by them, and identify how dentists prevent dental errors. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted using open data from the Japan Council for Quality Health Care database. A total of 6071 incident reports submitted for the period 2016–2020 were analyzed; the number of dentists' incident reports was 144, and the number of physicians' incident reports was 5927. Results: The percentage of dental intern reporters was higher than that of medical intern reporters (dentists: n = 12, 8.3%; physicians: n = 180, 3.0%; p = 0.002). The percentage of reports by dentists was greater than that by physicians: wrong part of body treated (dentists: n = 26, 18.1%; physicians: n = 120, 2.0%; p < 0.001), leaving foreign matter in the body (dentists: n = 15, 10.4%; physicians: n = 182, 3.1%; p < 0.001), and accidental ingestion (dentists: n = 8, 5.6%; physicians: n = 8, 0.1%; p < 0.001), and aspiration of foreign body (dentists: n = 5, 3.4%; physicians: n = 33, 0.6%; p = 0.002). The percentage of each type of prevention method utilized was as follows: software 27.8% (n = 292), hardware (e.g., developing a new system) 2.1% (n = 22), environment (e.g., coordinating the activities of staff) 4.2% (n = 44), liveware (e.g., reviewing procedure, double checking, evaluating judgement calls made) 51.6% (n = 542), and liveware-liveware (e.g., developing adequate treatment plans, conducting appropriate postoperative evaluations, selecting appropriate equipment and adequately trained medical staff) 14.3% (n = 150). Conclusion: Hardware and software and environment components accounted for a small percentage of the errors made, while the components of liveware and liveware-liveware errors were larger. Human error cannot be prevented by individual efforts alone; thus, a systematic and holistic approach needs to be developed by the medical community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The transition from medical student to houseman is well recognised as a stressful period for newly qualified doctors. This stress is likely to be heightened when the transition occurs during a pandemic. We aimed to evaluate the perceived stress levels of housemen as they begin housemanship and explore their sentiments and preparedness in starting work amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Housemen starting work at a tertiary institution in Singapore in May 2020 completed the following: (1) Perceived Stress Scale, (2) open-ended questions on perceived challenges and concerns and (3) questionnaire on preparedness and confidence in starting work. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data and modified thematic analysis performed for qualitative data. Results: Sixty-one housemen participated. Thirty-five (57.4%) reported high perceived stress. The themes for perceived challenges in this transition included coping with constant change, lack of reliable information from authorities, dealing with disappointment, physical fatigue, and loss of autonomy. The themes for concerns in beginning housemanship elicited relate to clinical competence, transitioning into new responsibilities, risk of infection with COVID-19, senior expectations, physical fatigue and training-related concerns. Despite these challenges and concerns, housemen were prepared to begin work during this pandemic. Conclusion: Housemen transitioning during this pandemic experienced additional stressors and unique challenges pertaining to working in a pandemic. Encouragingly, they remain prepared to start work. Institutions and departments should be mindful of the specific concerns and challenges so that appropriate support can be put in place to support these junior doctors.

Foundation years or internships are an important period for junior doctors to apply their knowledge and gain clinical competency. Experiences gained during the foundation years or internships are likely to inform newly qualified doctors' opinions about how they want to continue their career. We aimed to understand how medical doctors' internship experiences influence their career intention/decision. We conducted qualitative evidence synthesis using meta-ethnography. We searched six electronic bibliographic databases for papers published between 2000–2020 and included papers exploring how foundation years or internship experiences shape doctors' career intention/decisions, including in relation to migration, public/private/dual practice preference, rural/urban preference, and specialty choice. We used the GRADE-CERQual framework to rate confidence in review findings. We examined 23 papers out of 6085 citations screened. We abstracted three high-level inter-related themes across 14 conceptual categories: (1) Deciding the personal best fit both clinically and in general (which option is 'more me'?) through hands-on and real-life experiences (2) Exploring, experiencing and witnessing workplace norms; and (3) Worrying about the future in terms of job market policies, future training and professional development opportunities. Confidence in findings varied but was rated high in 8 conceptual categories. Our meta-ethnographic review revealed a range of ways in which internship experience shapes medical doctors' career intentions/decisions allowing us to produce a broad conceptual model of this phenomenon. The results highlight the importance of ensuring sufficient, positive and inspiring clinical exposure, improving workplace environment, relationship and culture, refraining from undermining specific specialities and communicating contractual and job market policies early on to young doctors, in order to attract doctors to less popular specialties or work locations where they are most needed. We propose our conceptual model should be further tested in new research across a range of contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La réforme du troisième cycle des études de médecine de 2017 a donné lieu à la création du statut de « Docteur Junior », correspondant à la phase de consolidation et permettant une mise en autonomie croissante et supervisée de l'interne. En chirurgie plastique, ce statut est apparu pour la première fois en novembre 2021 au sein des hôpitaux français ; il a pour durée deux années et succède aux quatre premières années de l'internat. Nous avons transmis un auto-questionnaire par courriel en mai 2022 aux 21 Docteurs Junior français. Celui-ci s'intéressait à leur terrain de stage, maquettes, activité de consultation, programme opératoire, l'intégration au planning d'astreinte ou garde, l'existence de demi-journées de disponibilités et leur avis général sur cette réforme et sa mise en application. Nous avons recueilli 20 questionnaires avec un sex-ratio de douze hommes pour huit femmes. La majorité des répondants travaillait au sein d'un CHU (85 %). 45 % avaient leurs propres consultations, 60 % avaient leurs propres plages opératoires sous anesthésie générale et 35 % sous anesthésie locale. Seuls 25 % d'entre eux considéraient cette réforme comme une avancée en terme de formation. L'introduction du statut de Docteur Junior est contrastée au sein des différents centres hospitaliers. Malgré l'autonomie progressive et supervisée apportée par cette réforme, celle-ci est globalement perçue de manière neutre ou négative par les Docteurs Junior. La mise en place de consultations et de vacations opératoires propres ressort comme un élément positif clef permettant une meilleure application de la réforme. The reform of the third cycle of medical studies in 2017 led to the creation of the status of "Junior Doctor", corresponding to the consolidation phase and allowing increasing autonomy and supervision from the intern. In plastic surgery, this status appeared for the first time in November 2021 in French hospitals; it lasts two years and succeeds the first four years of internship. We sent a self-questionnaire by email in May 2022 to the 21 French Junior Doctors. This was interested in their training ground, formation program, consultation activity, operating program, integration into the on-call list, the existence of half-days of availability, and their general opinion on this reform and its implementation. We collected 20 questionnaires with a sex ratio of twelve men for eight women. The majority of respondents worked in a university hospital (85 %). 45 % had their consultations, 60 % had their own operating sessions under general anesthesia, and 35 % under local anesthesia. Only 25 % of them considered this reform to be a step forward in terms of training. The introduction of the status of Junior Doctor is contrasted within the various hospitals. Despite the progressive and supervised autonomy provided by this reform, it is generally perceived neutrally or negatively by Junior Doctors. The establishment of own consultations and operating sessions stands out as a key positive element allowing better application of the reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes how one West Coast university developed a low-cost virtual simulation program to continue the clinical lactation education of its interns. Topics include Simulation-based experiences (SBE) facilitate learning opportunities by reproducing clinical scenarios for the learner to practice as the clinician.

Background: Moral intelligence has a direct effect on the professional performance of individuals, desirable health services and reduction of medical costs. This study was aimed to evaluate the moral intelligence of trainees and medical interns of Kashan University of medical sciences in 2021. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2021 on clinical students. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling among medical trainees and interns. A total of 209 people participated in the study. The data collection tool was Lenick and Kiel Moral Intelligence Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean score of students' moral intelligence was 71.75. 9.15 (good). In examining the dimensions of moral intelligence, honesty with a score of 73.15±10.44 has the highest score and forgiveness with a score of 10.92±68.06 has the lowest score. The difference in the mean score of moral intelligence in the dimension of responsibility was significant (P=0.03). Moral intelligence and all its dimensions except empathy were lower in dormitory students than in students living in a private home with family. Conclusion: Considering the level of moral intelligence score of medical students in clinical courses, there is a need to revise the ethical guidelines for the development of moral intelligence.

Women make up a small percentage of the scientific community, including conservation. Today, conservation efforts are vital for the survival of many species, however there is a gender bias within the conservation field. Encouraging more women into conservation could be a key to increasing efficiency and success in conservation goals of organizations and governments. Here we investigate the long running Earthwatch, working guest and intern volunteer programs of the Cheetah Conservation Fund (CCF) to understand women’s involvement with volunteer based conservation, and questionnaire data to understand women’s contribution to conservation after volunteering and what challenges women face in conservation. Our results showed there was significantly more female volunteers than male volunteers (p-value

Background: In a health-care setup, interpersonal communication plays a pivotal role in the attainment of professional outcomes. Dressing is an indirect mode of communication. Since ancient times, it is assumed that doctor's clothing have a positive effect on the minds of patients. This survey evaluates the perception of interns from dental sciences regarding the impact of dressing on professional performance at workplace. Materials and Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was distributed among a batch of interns who were willing to participate in the survey. Seventy-six interns returned the responses which were complete without any duplication. All the survey forms were scrutinized and the data were collated. Qualitative analysis of the assembled data was performed to evaluate intern's perception about the association between dressing and professional performance at workplace. Results: Results of the survey demonstrated that 81.6% of the participants dress up to work as per their temperament. About 65.8% of the participants believed that dental professionals should choose formal wear for workplace settings. Majority of the participants, i.e., 67.1%, believed that dressing affects perception on personality traits such as dignity and character of a professional. A wide number of interns perceived that dressing alters the behavior of self, patients, and colleagues (55.3%, 71.1%, and 68.4%, respectively). The result of this survey also showed a positive correlation between dressing and professional traits such as confidence, responsibility, and efficiency (75.0%, 63.2%, and 63.2%, respectively). Notably, 55.3% opined against enforcing a dress code for dental institutions/dental offices. Conclusion: The result of the study represents the positive influence of dressing on professional performance at workplace in dentistry as perceived by interns from the faculty of dental sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]