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Ink analysis is an important tool in forensic science and document analysis. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures large number of narrowband images across the electromagnetic spectrum. HSI is one of the non-invasive tools used in forensic document analysis, especially for ink analysis. The substantial information from multiple bands in HSI images empowers us to make non-destructive diagnosis and identification of forensic evidence in questioned documents. The presence of numerous band information in HSI data makes processing and storing becomes a computationally challenging task. Therefore, dimensionality reduction and visualization play a vital role in HSI data processing to achieve efficient processing and effortless understanding of the data. In this paper, an advanced approach known as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm is introduced into the ink analysis problem. t-SNE extracts the non-linear similarity features between spectra to scale them into a lower dimension. This capability of the t-SNE algorithm for ink spectral data is verified visually and quantitatively, the two-dimensional data generated by the t-SNE showed a better visualization and a greater improvement in clustering quality in comparison with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical representation of fluorescence turn-on detection of BNP antigen-by-BNP specific antibody tagged gold nanoclusters – MoS 2 nanosheet nano couple. [Display omitted] • An easy and prompt method for the detection of heart failure biomarker was achieved with gold nanocluster / 2D MoS 2 nanosheets. • A stable fluorescence turn - on response was observed with the probe in presence of BNP in physiologically significant serum concentration levels. • The development of the probe and detection of BNP antigen can be achieved within minutes without any high-end instruments. • The probe exhibited a low detection limit of 0.165 pg/mL. In the context of elevated morbidity and mortality risk of heart failure (HF), the establishment of prompt and sensitive diagnosis of HF is vital. A nanostructured fluorescence immuno sensing probe was constructed out of noble metal nanoclusters / two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nano couple to target brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) antigen, a potential multi-utility heart failure biomarker. The green fluorescence of BNP-specific monoclonal antibody-conjugated gold nanoclusters was pre-quenched by a MoS 2 two-dimensional nanosheet, which is subsequently enhanced in the presence of BNP antigen via target-specific antigen–antibody interaction. The probe is free from interferences by other potentially interfering possible co-existing biomolecules and offers easy, low-cost linear detection of BNP in the concentration range 0 to 360.82 pg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic Representation of developed fluorescent "Turn-off" sensor for the detection of bilirubin. [Display omitted] • Bright green Tb-DPA luminescent complex was designed. • Tb-DPA act as a luminescent probe for the detection of bilirubin. • Selectivity and sensitivity with other coexisting biomolecules were evaluated. • Real sample analysis is performed in human serum and urine samples and obtained satisfactory result. The sensitive and selective fluorescent probes for biomolecule detection have significant application in clinical diagnosis and bioanalysis. Hyperbilirubinemia is a disease condition in which the excessive or less production of bilirubin in blood resulting in jaundice. In this work, we have synthesised Terbium based bright green, fluorescent lanthanide complex (Tb-DPA) with emission at λ em = 544 nm for the detection of Bilirubin. A one-step synthesis approach was adopted with 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (DPA) as ligand and Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as surfactant. The green fluorescence of Tb-DPA was quenched with the addition of bilirubin due to the inner filter effect mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of Tb-DPA decreases as bilirubin concentration increases and a linear " turn-off " response is obtained. Even in presence of other coexisting biomolecules and ions, the Tb-DPA probe exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of bilirubin. The limit of detection (LOD) of 2.6 mg/dL was obtained. Furthermore, the proposed fluorescent probe was applied in Human serum and urine samples with satisfactory recoveries in the range of 92–122 %. Based on the result obtained, it has probability to be used as a rapid detection method for bilirubin in biological samples at bedside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have been focusing on alloying and structural modification of aluminium alloy sacrificial anodes using different activators including intermetallic compounds. With a novel approach, the present work explore and evaluate the feasibility of effective aluminium activation by RuO2 in 95 + 5 Al–Zn alloy substrates. The electrodes prepared in the present work, by making RuO2 film on the substrate, were found to possess good surface interaction, low surface resistivity and facilitate interlayer diffusion of aluminium ions. The electrodes showed excellent galvanic performance under different experimental conditions in 3% NaCl electrolyte. The RuO2 layer was found to persist on the electrode surface even after the electrode size was reduced to one-third of its original size due to long period of galvanic exposure, evidencing its mobile character. The electrodes are economically efficient, convenient to prepare as other conventional hanging electrodes, tolerable to very aggressive media and highly efficient even under high current load. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Graphical abstract depicting detection of dopamine based on BSA stabilised copper nanocluster. • Rapid detection of dopamine is achieved by using insitu synthesized blue emitting CuNC. • Dopamine showed fast response towards H2O2 added BSA CuNC with a limit of detection 0.1637 pM. • Dopamine detection is further validated with real sample matrices such as human blood serum samples and urine samples. • Dopamine detection is further validated with real sample matrices such as human serum samples and human urine samples. • A portable paper strip detection method is developed for the onsite detection of dopamine. Rapid and real-time monitoring of catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine receives immense importance since it plays a crucial role as a local chemical messenger for interneuronal communications in mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems. In the present study, blue emitting copper nanocluster was synthesized in presence (BSA CuNC1) and absence (BSA CuNC2) of hydrogen peroxide and fluorescence response of the two systems towards dopamine was analysed. At an excitation of 355 nm, fast response towards dopamine detection was obtained for BSA CuNC1 system having limit of detection 0.1637 pM. The fast interaction of dopamine with BSA CuNC1 can be attributed to the intrinsic peroxidase like activity of CuNC in presence of H 2 O 2. On the other hand, the response of dopamine towards BSA CuNC2 was very slow with a limit of detection 0.024 nM. Encouraged by the fast response and low limit of detection, the BSA CuNC1 system was effectively applied for dopamine detection in real sample matrices. The recovery percentage for serum sample obtained was in the range 90–98.33% and for urine sample was in the range 89–96.66%. In addition to that, a paper test strips using BSA CuNC1 was developed which exhibited colour change as well as fluorescence quenching, creates a low cost approach for the fast monitoring of dopamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]