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Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bibliography research is significant for scientific progress since they are mirroring the previous accumulation of the studies in one piece. Although rhetoric (balaqat) and literary criticism (naqd) are important elements of Arab literature, no bibliography research has been conducted about balaqat and naqd in the Turkish language. This study aims to investigate rhetorical and literary criticism studies in the Arab world by looking at a large number of scientific works. There are uncountable studies including balaqat and naqd; therefore, this study analyzes only some part of the existing literature involving the formation of these two terms. Following steps illustrate the methodological process: first, electronic libraries were searched; second, the bibliography studies on rhetoric and literacy criticism terms were examined comparatively based on their formation; and third, a total of 213 studies related to balaqat and naqd terms including 10 books, 10 Ph.D. theses, 33 master's thesis, 17 symposium papers and 143 articles were included. The selected studies were examined in five categories as doctoral theses, master's theses, symposium papers and articles that can be also separated into two categories regarding the subject of the manuscripts as periodical/historical studies and the studies including the rhetoricians' perspectives on this topic. This study also provides background information about the theses and articles such as author, supervisor, country, and journal names. The results show that the majority of the studies are conducted in North Africa countries (Maghreb) and Jordan. It is also be found that the studies on the formation of rhetoric and literary criticism date back to the early 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

United Kingdom's relation with the European Union has been always distant. Nevertheless, Britain's decision to leave the European Union, socalled the Brexit decision, has been one of the shocking developments happening in 2016. Prima facia the referendum result shows the electorate's historic decision to break away from the EU, however it is actually a product of a populist political discourse, which has been shaped by increasing antiimmigrant sentiments in the UK. In this paper, we argue that anti-immigrant discourses behind the Brexit campaign actually are a part of larger historical relations with the European Union. Following on from the literature, we argue that the role of the UK in the EU throughout the history of European integration has always been one of 'British exceptionalism'. The immigration question, on the other hand, provided an important opportunity for following this exceptionalist policy and leave the EU membership, but it resulted in racist and xenophobic attacks towards all "others" within society. In this process, discourses on the leave side contributed to anti-immigrant feelings and racism within society, although we cannot say this was the main aim. In this paper, we conduct the political discourse analysis developed by Teun van Dijk to examine the campaign of the United Kingdom Independence Party during the referendum process. Taken together, these aspects of the article show how the anti-immigration discourse has contributed to the racist and xenophobic actions, while the main aim has been to finalise the UK's longstanding distance from the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, whether the Religious Music courses given by female academicians has an effect on course selection of students, opinions of students on classes thought by female and/or male academicians, and possible influence of whether Religious Music academicians are graduates of a Faculty of Theology or not on the course selection of students are going to be analysed. The main factor that encouraged us to conduct this study is the fact that the number of female academicians working in this field at Theology and Islamic Sciences Faculties are five, and only three of them have the responsibility of teaching classes. In this paper, a questionnaire will be performed with some students of Hitit University that employ one female and one male academician in the Turkish Religious Music Department and responses to the questionnaire will be analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the translation of poetic tajweed work titled "Mukaddime" by İbnü'l-Cezerî which was read at the Ottoman madrasah for centuries and translated by Mehmed Emin Tokâdî in Ottoman Turkish. The work of Tokâdî is not only a translation but also includes conceptual descriptions, samplings for descriptions and detailed explanations. This paper aims to analyze additions to the Mukaddime in his translation in terms of quality and quantity and importance of this translation for today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book, which we will introduce and evaluate, is a compilation consisting of scientific papers presented in various symposia on usûl al-fiqh issues and a large number of articles classified according to their subjects. In this compilation, academic articles that are considered to be useful in creating a healthy view and awareness of approaching verses and tradition are brought together. The first product of the study, which is expected to continue in a "series", entered the publication life under the name of "Religion and Fiqh Writings". Considering the content of the book, it is seen that, in general, many issues regarding "usûl" such as the nature of the fiqh method, the problem of method, the risks of historicity, the meaning-interpretation difference, religion-fiqh relationship, the function of the sect and the return to the sources are addressed. In the book, it is stated that the editing, main structure and content of the articles are preserved and there is no significant intervention in the main idea of the articles. However, it is also stated that soft touches, small additions and subtractions are made in a few places that are thought to be rough in terms of the final point of intellectual development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabic language learners in the Turkish Republic are basically divided into two sections of students: the students of theology and the students of literature. Arabic language is, usually, taught to these two sections during a preparatory stage throughout a course of Arabic language which uses various books such as "Silsilat al-Lisân". However, as soon as the students finish their preparatory stage, they find themselves surrounded with classical Arabic texts, especially the students of theology, whose study focuses on Holly Quran and as-Sunnah among other many resources that need strong vocabulary inventory that students should acquire through the predatory stage. What students have learnt from modern vocabulary cannot help them in understanding the Classical Arabic texts. On the other hand, the Turkish language has borrowed a great number of Arabic words. It is worth mentioning that some words moved from Arabic to Turkish have changed their meanings to some certain words and expressions in Arabic, but this has resulted in some misunderstanding of meanings of the words by the Turkish students. The importance of this study lies in that the book of "Silsilat al-Lisân" attracts the attention of the Arabic teachers who teach this book, so they can inform and notify Turkish students about the semantic change happened over the Arabic words throughout history or after their movement to Turkish to make it easier for the students to understand the Arabic texts in spite of the historical variety and make them avoid any misunderstanding that is related to the semantic change. This study aims to investigate the semantic change of Arabic words in the Book of "Silsilat al-Lisân" and this general objective underlies some sub objectives that can be achieved by answering the questions of the study which are: 1. What is the semantic change? What are its reasons? What are its types? 2. What are the Arabic words that were included in the book of "Silsilat al-Lisân" and semantically changed inside the Arabic language or by the movement into the Turkish language? In order to answer these questions, the study was divided into two parts: the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part that depended on the inductive approach to the resources that tackled the issue of the semantic change to identify its meaning, reasons and styles. The study redressed some issues that were not in the resources and have been approved. The paper appended each reason and style with many clear examples. As for the practical part, it was represented by making an induction to all the words semantically changed in the book of "Silsilat al-Lisân". This part was divided into two sections: the semantic change of the Arabic meaning of the Arabic words and the semantic change in the Arabic words moved into the Turkish language in the book of "Silsilat al-Lisân". Throughout the induction and collection process, the study depended on standards and approaches in order to narrow the words down and count them such as the process of approving nouns not verbs because Arabic language is a derivative language and knowing the indication of the noun makes recognizing the function of the verb an easy task. Also, the linguistic borrowing from Arabic to Turkish is usually a "nounal" one. Furthermore, the study was based on the lexical meaning of the word, which is common neither the rhetorical one nor using the private meaning that cannot be confined. The study resulted that the reasons behind the semantic change are linguistic, social, psychological and cultural. Also, the semantic change of words can take many forms such as narrowing and widening. It counted 180 Arabic words mentioned in the Book of "Silsilat al-Lisân" that had undergone semantic changes. 140 of these words evolved in Arabic itself and 42 words were also evolved after their movement to Turkish. Finally, the study recommended doing many studies about this phenomenon to make it easier to understand classical Arabic and to avoid any misunderstanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The encounter between Muslims and Japan coincides with the end of the 19th century. Japan, whom has closed itself to most of the world for about 250 years during the Tokugawa period, opened its doors to the world with the influence of the United States in 1853 and started to establish communication with many countries of the world. Following this, the encounters with Muslims and Islamic world also started. The first Muslims that arrived in Japan are thought to be merchants who came with the commerce ships. Thus, the journey of Muslims to Japan began with Indian Muslim merchants towards the end of the 19th century. Turko-Tatar Muslims who took shelter in Japan following the Russo-Japanese war in 1905 comes as the second significant Muslim immigrant group in Japan. During and after the Second World War the immigration slows down and the Indian and Turko-Tatar Muslims either returns to their homelands or immigrate other third countries. In the years following the war, although there were some individual visits, no significant migration activity from the Muslim countries is occurred. The third immigration wave coincides with the bubble economy of Japan after the 1970's. Many who sought better work conditions and salaries from countries such as Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Iran found themselves in Japan. The current the number of Muslims in Japan, including short time migrants who came to work or study, residents who had already settled in the country, had families and started to raise second generations, and Japanese Muslims, is around 150,000.1 %10 of this number is considered as Japanese Muslims and the rest as immigrants. In the contemporary Japanese society, immigrant Muslims have a life away from discrimination, and do not have significant problems on fulfilling their religious needs with increasing number of mosques, masjids, Islamic organisations and halal food services. On the other hand, they still do not feel that they are being accepted as local members of the society. The aim of this study is to describe the Muslim migration history in Japan, and to analyse the current situation of migrants in Japan. In order to do this, the literature and the field study data derived in between 2016 September-2017 December and 2019 February-2010 January will be consulted. In this paper, we tried to explain that although the Muslim migration history to Japan has started more than a century ago, immigrant Muslims are still having hardships on being accepted as permanent part of the Japanese society. This could be of two reason. Firstly, due to unstable migration waves, and immigrants returning to their homelands or migrating to other countries, there was not a stable Muslim population in Japan until 80's. Although first mosques and education centers were established a long time ago, the number of Muslims in Japan has only started to increase after the migration wave of 70s. Secondly, Japanese has a habit of seeing foreigners as guests, on the grounds that foreigners cannot learn Japanese sufficiently and cannot adapt to Japanese customs, hence can never live like a Japanese. Because of these reasons, immigrant Muslims still have difficulty of feeling a belonging to the country they are residing in. However, the more they live in the country and the more they become proficient in the language, the more their life satisfaction increases, and they start to have meaningful relationships with the locals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our tradition a great amount of work have been written on the classification of sciences. Saçaklızâde's Tertîbü'l-'Ulûm has a significant place among them. In Tertîbü'l-'Ulûm, information on the definitions of the sciences, the order of studying these sciences and the verdicts on studying them is given. Additionally, the names of the suggested literature to be read in the madrasas, the educational institutions of the period, and some suggestions are also given to the teachers and students. Ahmed Feyzi Çorumî's work, al-Müntehab min Tertîbi'l-'Ulûm, is based on some selections from Tertîbu'l-'Ulûm. The selections are mainly on the definition of sciences and the suggested literature for those who want to learn these sciences. While making this selection, sometimes he conveys the sentences of Saçaklızâde as they are, and sometimes combines the sentences of Saçaklızâde from different parts of his book. In addition to utilise the information given by Saçaklızâde, Ahmed Feyzi occasionally explains the sentences of Saçaklızâde and refers to some works that Saçaklızâde does not mention as well. Sometimes he disagrees with the literature suggested by Saçaklızâde and refers to the ones more suitable for him. In this paper, al-Müntehâb is analyzed, translated and evaluated, and the differences between the two works are revealed. The analysis is done on the only available copy of al-Müntehab. The text is made more clear by adding some pieces and headings that are indicated in the square brackets and adding some footnotes. When the meaning is unclear, the expressions of Saçaklızâde are consulted, and this situation is stated in the footnotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict resolution is the most fundamental matter that is all legal systems must carry out. People who have problems between themselves find solutions to their issues through the reconcilation, the mediation, the peace/sulh, the arbitration/consolidation and the court of law. In this paper mediation is pointed out as one of the methods of the conflict resolution. Concept analysis regarding to the meditaon is being made and also the comparision between "sulh/peace" and other conflict resolution methods are being done. In order to provide adequate ground for the mediation, the Quran and the prophet's practices are examined. Morever, the application of the mediation in the contemprary world is discussed. The procces of the mediation and the qualifications that are asked from the mediator are explained. The paper is ended at the conclusion part with the thoughts and the considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conceptual tools of psychology aim to explain the complexity of phenomena that psychotherapists observe in their patients and within themselves, as well as to predict the outcome of therapy. Naturally, Muslim psychologists have sought satisfaction in the conceptual tools of their trade and in what has been written in Islamic psychology--notably by Badri (The dilemma of Muslim psychologists, MWH London, London, 1979), who critiqued Western psychology from an Islamic perspective, arguing the need to filter out from Western Psychology which was cross-culturally invalid or was in conflict with Islamic precept. In this paper, I advocate an extension of Badri's (1979) approach and present a working model of the self derived from traditional Islamic thought. This model, though rudimentary and incomplete, I believe, makes better sense of my perceptions as a clinician than any other psychological model within my knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Muslim world in the Middle Ages witnessed a remarkable activity of Islamic and Jewish mysticism. This common geo-historical and epistemological backgrounds were reflected in the mystical output of the two mystics. It is clear that there is an interaction between these two streams, as appears in the works of the mystics of that era, especially the Jewish ones. This paper seeks to study one aspect of the mystical interaction between the medieval Islamic and the Jewish mysticism which is the letters and their relation to existence through studying the works of Muhyiddin ibn Arabi and Sefer Yetzirah (The book of creation) which is one of the most important books of Kabbalah attributed to the Prophet Ibrahim. The study examines the points of convergence and divergence between Sefer Yetzirah and Ibn Arabi by studying several issues on both sides, including: the formative role of the letters, the nature of these letters, their order and their entities or corresponding ones. The study noticed that there are many points of convergence between Ibn Arabi and Sefer Yetzirah, as well as many points of difference. The study concluded that the possibility of Ibn Arabi being influenced by Sefer Yetzirah is lacking for evidence, especially if we take into consideration that Ibn Arabi relayed on Quran and prophet traditions to support his thoughts. Besides, there is no decisive historical evidence for this claim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work which reconstructs Gadamer's hermeneutics for guiding feminist standpoint theory consists of five chapters. Firstly, several possible feminist standpoint theories and their difficulties in addressing how knowledge is situated yet true are clarified. Secondly, it will be examined that Gadamer's proposal for the relevance of the historicity on the reaching to truth. Thirdly, we will discuss Gadamer's notion of fusion of horizons as a way to reach to truth. Fourthly, we will elaborate Wasterling's critique against Gadamer and some arguments that Gadamer's hermeneutics substitutes feminist epistemology for masculine epistemology. Finally, this paper will evaluate Gadamer's proposal for hermeneutics is appropriate for feminist standpoint theory, if so, how it is appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arabic poem is considered an important form of Arabic literature based on two main pillars: prose and poetry. In the process of creating the poem, the Arab poet is subject to a set of rules on which to build the poem in form and content. It must be recognized that each poem is based on one or more topics, and that the reading of the poem and the study of its theme and artistic tools are also based on a set of rules and artistic frameworks, which is called critical process. The present paper aims at identifying the semantic meanings in some modern poems of a some Iraqi poets who have left a clear imprint on the modern Arabic poetry movement through their influential poetic and literary works on the Arabic poetry movement and its modern manifestations by means of their uniqueness in poetic language, verbal forms, artistic images, deep meanings, coherence, good description, accurate reference and high literary value. The study attempts to reveal the beauty of the selected poems which have been chosen as a tool for the semantic/ analytical reading by throwing light on the artistic connotations, their resulting effects, psychological and concrete impact on the recipient, as well as the intellectual implications. It also takes into account the artistic aspect which is based on the values of the Arabic language and its syntactic/semantic structure and emphasis on analytical reading of poetic texts through the process of analyzing parts or details that constitute the poetic text, and thereby highlighting the value of creativity and poetic potentials, intellectual energies, cultural dimensions and values in the poems under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the factors which may affect an individual's image of God, and provides a cultural interpretation of these images in Turkish society. This study consisted of a convenience sample of 7 Turkish adults. An open ended survey was conducted and only one question which is "What did come to your mind when you thought of God in your childhood?" was asked to the participants. The data which is acquired from the survey were analysed according to thematic analyses. 6 themes emerged from the interview. As a consequence; It can be seen that God image is a huge part of participants' childhood memories. All of them talked about their feelings, thoughts and imaginations about God. All participants have sought to think of God as a concrete symbol in their infancy. So that anthropomorphism is found in the images of God. All participants considered the greatness and the power of God. Besides these, early educators, both family and teachers, were found to be one of the most effective factors in forming the image of God. Television was also found as another effective variable in relation to God image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although rejection of dialectical theology is generally claimed to be essential to the salafī tradition, theology or kalam in the sense of discussing creedal matters was practiced to some extent in the same tradition from the very beginning and finally fully adopted by Ibn Taymiyya, the founder of the so-called late Salafiyya. His traditionalist kalam resembles the Ash'arite theology in that both welcome elaborate analysis and disputation, but the former lacks systematic structure as it emulates the disorganized topical fashion of the early Salafī literature. Arguing that Ibn Taymiyya can be considered a Sunnī scholar of kalam or a Salafī mutakallim, this paper examines the structure of his theological enterprise and investigates its historical roots as well as its fate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İn early periods authenticity of hadiths was considered in the context of jarh-ta'dîl. There are some accusations directed to al-İmâm as-Shafiî in jarh-ta'dîl's references. Yahya b. Main(d. 233/848) reports us some discussions about him. Moving the claims forward el-İclî (d. 261/875) asserts that al-Shafiî inclines to at-tashayyu'. Another controversial issue is that al-Bukharî and Muslim did not transmit any narration from him. Because of mentioned reasons an argument has been rised about that he is not competent at hadith transmittions. This argument has been refused and objected by hadith scholars. Many scholars at 'İlmu'r-Ricâl emphasized that he is a reliable transmitter at hadith narratives, it is open to question to accuse someone who compiled a first writing about hadith methodology (ar-Risâle) and İkhtilâfu'l-Hadîs of being not reliable, in this paper mentoined claims has been examined in details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to identify the problems encountered in the religious and moral knowledge lessons taught for the rehabilitation of prisoners in penal institutions. The sample of this study consists of 17 voluntary prison preachers that were still serving the prison by year 2015. In this research, where the screening model is adopted, semi-structured interview technique is employed as a qualitative research technique in order to obtain the data. The content analysis is used in analyzing the data. Common points of the preachers' views are identified, categorized, and explained in such a way that reflects how many preachers give which answers. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that many problems related with Religious and Moral Knowledge courses; consequently, these problems affect the achievement of the objectives of religious education facilities negatively. It has also been revealed that the curriculum of religion and moral knowledge education is not appropriate for the prisoners' level; thus, the subject of this education needs to be updated as soon as possible; some prisons do not have classrooms dedicated to religion lessons due to the lack of physical capacity leading to the teaching of lessons in wards; the authorities of certain prisons remain insensitive to the improvement of physical conditions; and these problems have a negative impact on the professional motivation of preachers. The problems regarding the availability and procurement of Religion and Moral Knowledge course materials and resources that can be used for the teaching process thereof are encountered, besides the difficulty met by instructors in teaching methods are some of the conclusions reached in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to explain themes of edebî i'câz-ı beyânî ve i'câz-ı ilmî. In the course of this study, it is revealed that the word "kifâtâ" has nine meanings in accordance with Kur'ânîsiyâka, views of glossators, Arabic language and scientific facts. These meanings are as follow; gravity, outfly, Helical movement, Earth's rotation, recycle droppings, the status of the World which contains every need of human beings including sheltering, civilization in the World, natural living environments in the world and desert lands in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, We aim to address and interpret the verse تَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًا } “seeking to make it [seem] deviant' which is mentioned five times in the Kuran. In this context, we emphasize on the terms el-bağy (البغي) and el-İvec (العوج ) and analyse fifteen interpretations of the verse by interpreters. Within the context of that expressions in the Quran emphasize a specific meaning, we aim to reveal specific aspects of the Quran which both incapacitates the readers and is explicit. This paper also aims to study on the messages of the verse on complots of enemies of Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hosting many radical changes in many areas, the Tanzimat Period has a crucial importance in the late Ottoman Empire. The Legal History of the Ottoman as one of these areas was affected by facing new regulations. The classical Legal Order of the Ottoman lasting from the foundation to the middle of 19th century encountered fundamental changes for the first time in Tanzimat Period by both re-organizing courts and regulating new laws in order to apply in these re-organized courts. Although Family Law was subjected to these changes as well as others, its codification was relatively late. First, in this paper, I deal with the regulations related to the Law Family in the Ottoman applied after the Tanzimat Period. After drawing the framework of these regulations, secondly, I analyze the 1917 Decree of Family Law (Hukuk-ı Aile Kararnamesi) which is considered as the most important improvement in this particular period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shiī scholar al-Kuleynī transmits some hadīths on Ali b. Abū Tālib and other imams in Usūl al-Kāff under chapter Kitāb al-Hujja. However, most of these narrations explicitly contradict some Qur'ānic verses and majority of them used for as evidence don't have any relationship with the subject. Our study, therefore, based on narrations in Kitāb al-Hujja in Kuleyni's al-Kāfī and primarily analyses how these verses were interpreted by some key Shiī and Sunni's tafsīr books. Our paper also aims at establishing a theoretical background for theory of imamāt and of imams who were determined by Allāh, argued by Shia; and intends to identify factors that lead to appearance of these narrations. This study targets to show how Kuleynî decontextualised the verses and how some narrations contain excesses and inappropriate comments, or even some narrations contained distortions in order to prove the imāmate theory. Finally our goal is to discuss to what extent the narrations are genuinely recorded in Kitāb al-Hujja in al-Kāfī and what the value of the narrations about Ali b. Abū Tālib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hitit Theology Journal / Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi is the property of Hitit University Faculty of Divinity Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Even though the reports of many hadīth narrators who were accused of being qadarīs (fatalists) can be found in reliable hadith books, theoretically it has still been stated in the sources of hadith methodology that such fatalist narrators were regarded as rejected (majrūh) for being innovators in religion (ahl bid'ah). In this context, first we have found out the amount of qadarī narrators in the six most reliable hadith books (kutub al-sittah) based on the center of knowledge to which they were associated; and then we have examined effectiveness of some of these narrators who were distinguished with the titles of "hāfiz," "imām," "muhaddith" in reporting the hadiths. We have also examined the matters they were accused under the light of their biographies. In conclusion in this paper it is pointed out the practical dimensions and problems of whether being a qadarī or having qadarī inclinations can/should be regarded as a reason for rejection (jarh). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prophet Muhammad has been taken by the Sūfīs as the best model for their spiritual life. Though they profess that the prophethood came to an end, they hold that the sainthood of the Prophet Muhammad has been continued by the perfect believers. Engaging themselves in the ideal of becoming a perfect man pleased by God on the model of the Prophet Muhammad, the Sūfīs present themselves as heirs to this sainthood. For they take as the basis of their teaching the following and continuation of the Prophet Muhammad's model whom they view to be the best guide in practical and ethical sense. Yet their view of the Prophet Muhammad as the best human model embodies itself not only in their ethical and practical but also metaphsical teachings. For example, one can mention such Sūfī concepts as "the Muhammadan Light (al-Nūr al-Muhammadī)" and "the Muhammadan Truth (al-'aqīqah al-Muhammadiyyah)." This paper, however, will focus on the Prophet Muhammad as a spiritual model for the Sūfis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of philosophy is to achieve happiness. Logic is just like a key leading man towards this joy in philosophy. Logic helps us to reach knowledge on a standart of rationality and coherence by following the path of the individual to the universal and the known through the unknown. An exact correspondence between thoughts and words occur only with correct principles of reasoning. Therefore, logic plays a great role in philosophy. The scientific method 'induction' in the new age philosophy was brought to agenda by Bacon but later it was refuted by many philosophers like Hume and Popper. Before Bacon, the philosopher was İbni Sina who developed "the induction" as a method of scientific researches. In this paper, Ibn Sina's view of induction is discussed. I begin with a brief look at the Aristotelian induction and its critique. I present Ibn Sina's view of induction with a support of experimentation (tacruba). I analysed how induction and experimentation would be the conditional as opposed to absolute principles of natural sciences. To sum up, Ibn-i Sina developed a method of induction and experimentation as a means for scientific inquiry. He thought that the natural scientist could use experimentation to discover "conditional" principles. The study concludes with some brief comments about the refutation of induction by some thinkers in the history of science and philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunnah, along with Quran, has become an essential criteria in the Islamic thought in determination and critique of hadith in terms of their relatedness to the Prophet. However, different approaches toward the determination and the content of the Sunnet as the essential factor in terms of the articulation and functionality of this criteria have been appeared in the long historical proccess. Thus, this paper, especially, is a step for articulating the place of "ma'rouf/mashour sunnah", which was a dominant concept in the first two centuries of the Hijri calendar, in determination and cri-tique method of hadith and also, its historical background and function. Even though there are some limitations of active usage of "ma'rouf/mashour sunnah" originated from different understan-dings of sunnah, it is an important and primary criteria developed from methodological structure of the determination and the critique of hadith, and also it is a criterion which keeps its value in its consistency, applicability and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important reasons for Ottoman Empire's ruling 600 years would be that Muslim population has infinite faith of God and His messenger. As a sign of this regard and love the Ottoman rule has reacted against disregards commited to Prophet Muhammad in the country and abroad. In this study, we would try to analyze some policies provided against disregard to Prophet Muhammad in the country and abroad during the last eras of Ottoman Empire under the light of unused Ottoman documents. These disregards were aspersions to Prophet Muhammad or book edition or theater play or humiliating actions. This paper studies Ottoman authorities' accuracy for reactions and judgments with the examples against this disrespect in the country and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we have tried to examine the concept of Lahn that expressions the language changes occurring in Arabic by the reason of influence the foreign languages to Arabic. Because during the Islamic conquests Arap nations should have lived together with the other nations (people can be called non-Arab) in the same areas. We have dealt with the meaning of dictionary and terminology of Lahn, the first using of this word, it's historical process, the mutual influence rating the Arabic language with the other languages and the role of the Qur'an in this process, the types of the language mistakes in Arabic. We have brought to light consideration the methods on the contrary of Lahn danger and the criterions for giving judicial decisions to words of the linguists who were related to language school of Basra and Kufa. And we have also presented for the precautions which were applied by the administrators and scholars against to this danger that might have been conquered completely the Arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatises that concerning Muslim faith are among the important sources the history of Muslim theology (kalam).. They have been accepted as an Islamic manifesto for Muslim society. In Islamic history some treatises has been written poetically and the others prosely. This paper deal with the content of Ali b. Othman's treatise that named Bad'al-Amâlî had been written poetically. We described his thoughts about the Islamic belief and criticised his arguments partially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deal with concept of al-salat at the Qur'an, from the analytic and semantic point of view. At first the concept that has an important and central role in Islamic prayer life, has etymologically been examined and clarified its meanings at the cahiliyan period. Sooner it has been scrutinised its several contextual meanings in Meccan and Medinan verses and besides that it has been studied to find its several meanings at the Qur'anic lexicons (al-wucuh wal-nazâir). At the end, it has been studied on the Surat al-Maun which contains concept of "al-salat" and worked to find true interpretation and approach to it, among the controversial exegeses about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains a writer's thoughts about the poetries and poets according to Islām. That writer known as Mahmut Kāmil Efendi which was born in Çorum (Turkey) 1880 and died 1948. We englightened his life and studies and translated his article from Ottoman Arabic alphabet to modern Turkish Latin letters and evaluated it at the and. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is aimed, in a critical point of view, to analyze the concept of the authority, and its connection to religion. I attempted to investigate the answers to the following questions: What is religious authority? How should authority be understood in terms if religious and political points of view? So, what is the meaning of political authority? Finally, this article shows that it is not possible to understand and accept religious authority in the sense of political authority. One of the most fundamental reasons for this is that possibilities for obtaining knowledge concerning these two areas. My critics have been directed against accepting religious authority as a political authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper suggests a new approach to the ambiguities in the Qur'an in the perspective of oral language. The fact of existing ambiguities in the Qur'an is a result of its being formed in an environment of oral language. The people who were firstly addressed to the Qur'anic revelation were indeed familiar with the personal and geographical names that are left ambiguously in the Qur'anic text. Indeed, the problem of ambiguity in the Qur'anic text arises from the structure of spoken language and makes any sense for them who have to read an oral discourse from the written text. Personal and geographical names that are mentioned ambiguously in the natural context of revelation are not in fact in the category of ambiguousness for those who are in that oral speech environment. The ambiguity appears for the people who are far away the natural context of speech either temporally or spatially. Because meaning comes to existence in a time and the references of language are effective on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I investigate Hegel's system of logic briefly, then examine and try to show its metaphysical bases. According to Hegel, the task of the philosophy is to determine and find out the nature of the Absolute. Logic, in Hegel, is the name of the system that detects and determines the principles (categories) of the Absolute. The categories of logic or thought are ontological and are the categories of the Absolute. For this, it would be said that the whole philosophical system of Hegel is a system of logic and that his logic is totally a system of metaphysics. It seems that he sets up his logic on the bases of two principles: 1. "The reasonable is real and the real is reasonable" 2. Principle of identities of opposites. These two principles are principles of both logic and metaphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to examine the characteristics of Islamic data in the process that began with the declaration of Ottoman Constitutional government. This is an important issue because it gives us a cross-section of our modernization history in the context of states continuity of the Ottoman and Turkey. In the paper, by critical and rational reading of the philosophical accumulation of Anatolia, I try to investigate the historical roots of our political identity and position without falling into error of searching any successor to a predecessor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I am to lay down the theory of Kalam's understanding of the Qur'an, to determine the difficulties involved and to discuss the possibility of a new meaning search. When considered from this perspective, the question about the role and methodology of Kalam in understanding the Qur'an gets twofold significance. Theology gains its role it played in its earlier times the two elements, namely creed and politics should accompany each other. Confining the matter completely to the speculative nature of metaphysical realm, the traditional theology has ignored emphasizing human value and his rights. To give priority to man and his main rights must be the main concern of theology. Because we live in the world. In Qur'anic language as an individual everybody is mortal, but the idea of the world, although the universal man is a result, is constant. Theology by giving up the claim of "pure identity" which is the ferocious face of this discipline must play a role of unifying all Muslims who unify on main principles around the common interests by realizing that the scientific face of it is related to the nature of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]