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The article discusses research which was conducted to investigate the relationships of self reported preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity with performance in fitness tests. Researchers evaluated 516 subjects in one test and 42 male subjects in another test. They found that both the preference and tolerance scores exhibited significant relationships with performance in several fitness tests and with body composition and physical activity participation.

Background: To gain insight into how teriparatide affects various bone health parameters, we assessed the effects of teriparatide treatment with use of standard DXA (dual x-ray absorptiometry) technology and two newer technologies, highresolution MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and finite element analysis of quantitative CT (computed tomography) scans. Methods: In this phase-4, open-label study, postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis received 20 μg/day of teriparatide. Assessments included (1) changes in areal BMD (bone mineral density) (in g/cm2) at the radius, spine, and hip on DXA, (2) changes in volumetric BMD (in mg/cm3) at the spine and hip on quantitative CT scans, (3) changes in bone microarchitecture at the radius on high-resolution MRI, (4) estimated changes in spine and hip strength according to finite element analysis of quantitative CT scans, (5) changes in bone turnover markers in serum, and (6) safety. Results: Thirty-five subjects were enrolled; thirty completed eighteen months and twenty-five completed an optional sixmonth extension. No significant changes were observed for the primary outcome, high-resolution MRI at the distal aspect of the radius. At month eighteen, the least-squares mean percentage change from baseline in total volumetric BMD at the spine was 10.05% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.83% to 13.26%; p < 0.001), and estimated spine strength increased 17.43% (95% CI, 12.09% to 22.76%; p < 0.001). Total volumetric BMD at the hip increased 2.22% (95% CI, 0.37% to 4.06%; p = 0.021), and estimated hip strength increased 2.54% (95% CI, 0.06% to 5.01%; p = 0.045). Areal BMD increased at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, was unchanged for the total hip and at the distalmost aspect of the radius, and decreased at a point one-third of the distance between the wrist and elbow. Bone turnover markers increased at months three, six, and twenty-four (all p < 0.05). No unexpected adverse events were observed. Conclusions: High-resolution MRI failed to identify changes in bone microarchitecture at the distal aspect of the radius, a non-weight-bearing site that may not be suitable for assessing effects of an osteoanabolic agent. Teriparatide increased areal BMD at the spine and femoral neck and volumetric BMD at the spine and hip. Estimated vertebral and femoral strength also increased. These findings and increases in bone turnover markers through month twenty-four are consistent with the known osteoanabolic effect of teriparatide. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which assesses the effectiveness of zoledronic acid in preventing bone loss among women under postmenopausal stage with low bone mass. Women under postmenopausal stage with low bone mass are given with zoledronic acid intravenously. Results show that zoledronic acid medication decreases bone turnover. It concludes that a 5mg dosage of zoledronic acid a year prevents bone loss for 2 years and is allowed to women under postmenstrual stage.

The article presents the results of a study which investigated the effects of various types of upper-body exercise machine training on the heart rate, affective response, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in young adult women. The research focused on the distinction between concentric and eccentric phases of motion, and found that the eccentric phase was associated with a lower heart rate and lower RPE.

The article investigates how exercise order influences blood lactate, perceptual and affective responses. Results revealed that participants who underwent small to large scale exercises performed more than those who underwent large to small scale exercise. Findings suggest that small to large scale exercise order has beneficial physiological and psychological outcomes.

Abstract: One-year vertebral fracture risk reduction from clinical trials in adults with postmenopausal or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is reviewed. Data were obtained by conducting a literature search of osteoporosis medications using the MEDLINE database, bibliographies of selected citations, and recent meeting abstracts. The methodologic quality of the trials was assessed using recently published criteria for ranking evidence. In prospective analyses, the 1-year risk of new morphometric vertebral fractures was reduced by risedronate 5 mg/d in two 3-year studies in postmenopausal women with prevalent vertebral fracture, and in two 1-year studies in patients with or at risk for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. The 1-year risk of clinical vertebral fractures was reduced by alendronate and raloxifene in post hoc analyses. Reduction of morphometrically identified vertebral fracture risk is a more stringent therapeutic goal than clinical vertebral fracture risk. Therefore, more weight should be given to data from studies that use the morphometry to assess vertebral fracture incidence. INSET: Key points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces a series of articles on language disorders.