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These results indicate that elbow CT is a feasible method for detecting clinically relevant lesions in adult Warmblood horses with elbow pain. I This retrospective clinical study by i Meredith Rudnick I and co-workers at the University of Florida, USA, examined the effects of age, disease and type of surgery on long-term survival in horses after surgical treatment of small intestinal strangulating diseases over periods relevant to the expected lifespan of a horse i . Equine ophthalmic pain scale I This study by i Flaminia Ortolani I and co-workers in Italy describes the development and preliminary validation of a composite pain scale, the Equine Ophthalmic Pain Scale (EOPS), to assess ocular pain in horses i . [Extracted from the article]

I In this in vitro study, i [5] I in the USA evaluated the cytotoxic effects of amikacin on equine chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and bone marrow and adipose- derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). i Chondrocytes, synovial cells, and adipose and bone marrow derived MSC were harvested post-mortem from three horses with no evidence of osteoarthritis. Cell metabolism/viability was assessed by colorimetric MTT assay, and cell proliferation was assessed by live cell imaging. Amikacin at clinically applied doses induces rapid, pronounced cell death of equine joint cells and so amikacin doses currently used intra-articularly should be reconsidered. [Extracted from the article]

The role of repopulating lymphocytes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) includes the prevention of serious infections and attacking residual tumour cells in the early post-transplant phase. Therefore, the current study analysed the role of the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) on day 21 after SCT in predicting transplant outcomes of 82 patients in terms of the risk of opportunistic infections and recurrence of original disease. The median dose of CD34+, CD3+ and mononuclear cells (MNC) infused was 6·41 × 106/kg, 1·96 × 108/kg and 6·81 × 108/kg respectively. The high ALC group (high ALC on day 21; ≥0·35 × 109/l) was associated with the use of peripheral blood stem cells, matched sibling donors and higher cell doses of MNC, CD3+ and CD4+ cells. The high ALC group also exhibited a better overall survival (56·3% vs. 17·7%) and disease-free survival (50·1% vs. 15·9%) after 3 years and lower incidences of relapse (33·6% vs. 67·1%) and fungal infections (3·0% vs. 19·5%) after 1 year. The incidence of cytomegalovirus antigenaemia was lower in the high ALC group (47·7% vs. 73·7%). Accordingly, identifying the ALC on day 21 would appear to be a useful and simple measurement to predict those patients with a high risk of opportunistic infections and relapse after allogeneic SCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 24‐h ultramarathon (UM) race is one of the most demanding competitive sports in terms of muscular and physiological exertion. In this context, predictors of UM athletes' physical performance are in high demand; however, data on the predictive capabilities of hematological variables are still sparse. In the present paper, we retrospectively took into consideration the pre‐race blood biomarker levels (including basic blood count, leukocyte subpopulations, markers of inflammation and organ function, metabolic profile, and electrolytes) of 50 UM athletes (M = 33, F = 17) who completed a 24‐h competition in order to identify a combination of analytes capable of predicting the athletic performance in terms of distance covered during the 24‐h run. The multiple regression analysis produced a model that explained a significant portion of the variance in the dependent variable, with an adjusted R‐squared value of 0.783 (F(13, 36) = 14.58, p < 0.001). A greater race distance was correlated with higher pre‐race values of hematocrit, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol, HDL/LDL ratio, and triglycerides and lower levels of monocytes, eosinophils, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), total proteins, and sodium. This study represents the first of its kind conducted on 24‐h UM athletes that investigated the association between blood markers and endurance performance. Our model, given its promising predictive power, would serve as a starting point that will require refinement and integration with other traditional performance prediction measures, in order to support athletes and coaches in better managing the training loads during the race‐approaching phases. Highlights: A combination of pre‐race hematological parameters was found to predict the 24‐h ultramarathon race distance in ultra‐endurance athletes.A greater race distance was correlated with higher pre‐race values of hematocrit, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, HDL/LDL ratio, and triglycerides, and lower levels of monocytes, eosinophils, alanine aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, total proteins, and sodium.The predictive model generated by the multiple regression analysis explained a significant portion of the variance in the dependent variable (race distance), with an adjusted R‐squared value of 0.783. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary This paper describes the clinical and histopathological features of a 16‐year‐old Cob mare who sustained a haemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident or stroke. The mare presented with an acute onset of neurological signs, with a neuroanatomical localisation to the midbrain and thalamus regions. The mare was reported to have suffered from ataxia on all four limbs which started 7 days prior to referral and was also showing several signs of left‐sided cranial nerve deficits. On initial examination, the mare presented with quadrilateral ataxia, left‐sided facial paralysis, weak tongue tone and a left‐sided nose tilt as well as a hemineglect syndrome characterised by an inability to eat food presented on the right side of her mouth. Complete blood count and biochemistry analyses did not reveal any abnormalities, and a standing head CT revealed the presence of a hyperdense lesion localised in the left ventral cortex and thalamus region, which could be consistent with a vascular lesion, cholesterol granuloma or a mass. The mare was monitored, and as her condition slightly improved, was discharged from the hospital. Four weeks later, the clinical signs recurred and as the ataxia presented a danger for the mare and anyone handling her, the decision was made to euthanise the mare. A post‐mortem CT scan of the head revealed an enlargement of the previous lesion, and the histopathological examination confirmed the presence of a haemorrhage within the brain, associated with neoplastic emboli. Haemorrhagic stroke has not previously been well described in horses therefore presents a challenge in diagnosis. Treatment in small animals is mainly conservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The variability in the size of red blood cells (RBCs) is an important additional diagnostic parameter for diseases, which has been established as a part of the complete blood count (CBC). The CBC can be performed using an automated flow cytometer, but it is too bulky and expensive for point‐of‐care testing. A miniaturized lensless imaging system is a competitive modality for a CBC, that is small and inexpensive. There are two challenges in developing a lensless imaging system for taking the CBC, which make the measurement of the RBC size very difficult: the diffraction effect and the low resolution. In this paper, the RBC radius measurement is replaced with a diffraction ring radius measurement. The diffraction ring radius is much larger than the RBC radius. This feature can improve the imaging resolution. Based on Fresnel diffraction, the relationship between the radius of RBCs and the diffraction fringes is analyzed. Finally, a complete measurement algorithm for determining the RBC size based on the lensless imaging system is given, which can be used to measure the variability in the size of RBCs. In our experiment, the maximum error is less than 6.74%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shock index is a measure that shows promise in determining the severity of shock in dogs, but it should not be used as the sole indicator of prognosis. Veterinarians should consider other factors such as heart rate, blood pressure, mucous membrane color, capillary refill time, and serum lactate concentration. Several studies have examined the shock index in dogs and found it helpful in identifying acute blood loss and distinguishing dogs in shock from healthy dogs. However, these studies had limitations, including small sample sizes and lack of control groups. This article provides a summary of various research papers on the use of the shock index in veterinary medicine, highlighting the need for further research to determine its clinical utility. [Extracted from the article]

Haemosiderin deposition in the legs of patients with venous leg ulcers is well established, and several theories suggest this stored iron has a role in disease pathophysiology. In this novel pilot study of patients with chronic venous leg ulcers, we aimed to establish the relationship between wound fluid iron levels, serum iron parameters and healing. Fifteen patients with venous ulcers were included in the study. Blood samples were taken for full blood count and iron studies, while simultaneously wound fluid was obtained from the wound surface using filter paper. Wound areas were measured at initial and 4 week (+/− 2 day) follow‐up visits. We found a positive correlation between wound fluid and serum iron (correlation co‐efficient 0.27) and those with the lowest wound fluid iron level were also anemic. No association was found between initial wound area and wound fluid iron level but the largest wound areas were found in patients with anemia. Only 38% of patients demonstrated a reduction in wound area during the 4 week study, and 80% of those were not anemic or iron deficient. Conversely in those patients whose wounds did not reduce in size 88% were anemic or iron deficient. These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized phenomenon of systemic iron store depletion secondary to leaching out of the body in wound exudate. In addition, these results suggest a high prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic venous ulcers, though whether this is cause or effect requires further research. Our findings also suggest that patients with venous ulcers have a high prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia, which appears to be often undiagnosed, and that diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in patients with chronic wounds need to be revised to reflect the effect of chronic inflammation on iron metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two of them, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna contain the mRNA from the virus that provides our cells instructions for making the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. The control blood test after four days of dexamethasone 40 mg/day showed 27 × 10 SP 9 sp /l platelets and the patient was discharged on 12 March, 2021, with instructions for a short-term outpatient follow-up. Keywords: immune thrombocythopenic purpura; SARS-CoV-2; vaccines EN immune thrombocythopenic purpura SARS-CoV-2 vaccines 547 549 3 07/29/21 20210801 NES 210801 In this paper, we describe the first case of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) after an adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. [Extracted from the article]

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a distinct part of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). It is characterized by fever, rash, hematologic abnormalities, lymphadenopathy, or/and different degrees of visceral organ involvement. Its diagnosis is particularly challenging due to the variability of its clinical presentations and its long latency period (2–6 weeks). Allopurinol, an uric acid‐lowering drug, has been incriminated in several cases of allopurinol‐induced DRESS syndrome. Through this paper, we present a case of allopurinol‐induced DRESS syndrome with initial oral mucosal involvement. A 69‐year‐old female patient presented with an erosive cheilitis that started 1 week prior to his presentation. The cheilitis was associated with maculopapular rash and fever. She started taking allopurinol, as treatment of Gout, 6 weeks before hospitalization. The histologic findings obtained from skin biopsy were consistent with a toxic drug reaction. A complete blood count (CBC) showed a moderate eosinophilia. Alteration of renal function was also noted, and the diagnosis of allopurinol‐induced DRESS syndrome was made. Systemic corticosteroid therapy was therefore started. The patient completely recovered and had been healthy for 3 years before developing a recurrence after re‐challenge with allopurinol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ebselen, an organo‐selenium compound with well‐characterized toxicology and pharmacology, recently exhibited potent antibacterial activity against glutathione (GSH)‐negative bacteria by disrupting redox homeostasis. In this paper, we show that ebselen and silver ion in combination exert strong bactericidal activity against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) BC1, a model MDR GSH‐positive bacterium. The mechanisms were found to involve consumption of total intracellular GSH and inhibition of thioredoxin reductase activity, which was highly related to reactive oxygen species up‐regulation. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of ebselen and silver ion against UPEC‐induced cystitis was assessed in a mouse model. Treatment with ebselen and silver ion significantly reduced bacterial loads, down‐regulated the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) on‐site and decreased white/red blood cell counts in mild cystitis model mice, which demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory property of these agents. In addition, ebselen and silver ion also exhibited significantly high protective ability (100%) against acute cystitis infections. These results together may lay the foundation for further analysis and development of ebselen and silver ion as antibacterial agents for treatment of MDR UPEC infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate tolerability of and response to rituximab in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-positive relapsing neuroinflammatory disease. This was an observational study of prospectively collected data on 12 consecutive children (eight females, four males; median age at onset 10y 6mo [interquartile range {IQR} 7y 2mo-12y 5mo], median follow-up 2y 1mo [IQR 1y 7mo-2y 6mo]) with central nervous system inflammation and persistent serum MOG immunoglobulin G positivity more than 12 weeks after clinical presentation. Patients received a standardized rituximab treatment protocol. MOG antibody testing was performed following standardized cell-based methods. Median clinical follow-up after rituximab induction was 2 years (IQR 1y 7mo-2y 10mo). The relapse rate in the first 12 months posttreatment was 0 (IQR 0-0). After rituximab, two patients relapsed during B-cell suppression and four showed clinical or radiological disease recurrences at B-cell reconstitution. Mild-to-moderate infusion related adverse events occurred in two patients. Leukopenia developed in seven patients and serum immunoglobulin suppression in five patients with no significant age effect on the risk of their development. None developed severe life-threatening events. Rituximab-induced B-cell suppression was associated with absence of relapses in 10 patients who were MOG-positive with recurrent disease. Rituximab was well tolerated. The most frequent adverse effects were hypogammaglobulinemia and leukopenia. We recommend monitoring of complete blood counts and immunoglobulins in this population. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Rituximab appears to control disease in most anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-positive patients with relapsing neuroinflammatory disease. Rituximab was associated with transitory, mild-to-moderate infusion-related effects. Half of patients treated with rituximab developed leukopenia or hypogammaglobulinemia. No opportunistic infections were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Heart failure (HF) is a growing global health concern. N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro‐BNP) is an established biomarker for ventricular dysfunction in heart failure (HF). This case–control study examined the relationship between brain natriuretic peptide (Pro‐BNP) levels and complete blood count (CBC) parameters in HF patients and healthy controls, exploring the utility of CBC as a supplementary diagnostic tool for HF. Methods: The study included 89 participants, divided into 42 HF patients with diagnosed HF (patient group) and 47 healthy individuals (control group). Pro‐BNP levels were measured alongside a comprehensive CBC panel, including parameters such as white blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and platelet count. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and CBC parameters were compared between the two groups, with statistical analyses performed to identify any significant associations. Results: The analysis demonstrated that HF patients had significantly higher Pro‐BNP levels than the control subjects, indicating a strong association between Pro‐BNP levels and HF (1052.65 [196.56] vs. 2500.34 [1105.90], p < 0.001). Moreover, significant differences in CBC parameters, such as platelet count: 246.96 (82.72) versus 206.45 (57.20), p = 0.009; mean corpuscular volume (MCV): 83.74 (5.86) versus 87.12 (4.60), p < 0.00; and red cell distribution width: 13.47 (1.29) versus 14.28 (1.35), p < 0.001) were observed, with the patient group showing altered levels indicative of cardiac stress and inflammation. Correlation analysis further established the relationship between Pro‐BNP levels and CBC parameters, with notable correlations observed with MCV (0.250, p < 0.020) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels (0.246, p < 0.045). These findings suggest a complex interplay between Pro‐BNP levels and CBC parameters, underscoring the potential of CBC parameters as auxiliary diagnostic markers in HF. Conclusion: Pro‐BNP exhibits clinical relevance in diagnosing cardiovascular dysfunction, with elevated levels and distinct hematological profiles in HF patients. Pro‐BNP's diagnostic and predictive capabilities for hematocrit and platelet count support its use in risk assessment and treatment decisions for HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therefore, this included all patients undergoing a BMA for investigation of potential aleukaemic leukaemia: patients who may have initially presented to rheumatology but been diagnosed with leukaemia prior to classification as JIA. No patient in our JIA cohort had clear non-arthritis bone pain, and on the occasion an MRI was performed 2/7 had a bone marrow signal abnormality but did not have leukaemia. [Extracted from the article]

Parasitised red blood cells misclassified as giant platelets by an automated digital morphology analyser (Sysmex DI-60/CellaVision): a case report and a retrospective EQA analysis Next, all the leucocyte and non-leucocyte boxes were evaluated to investigate the cause of the thrombocytopenia and, as shown in Fig 1, many elements which could have been referenced as malaria parasites were found to be incorrectly placed in the giant platelet subtype box. This data not only highlights the usefulness of the remote observation of haematological digital morphology, but also underlines the importance of carefully evaluating all the CellaVision boxes ("leucocytes" and "non-leucocytes"), since useful information could be provided by misclassification. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The therapeutic value of the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to correct anemia and thrombocytopenia as a result of immunologic causes (hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia) have been well established. Few published papers exist regarding the use of IVIG in adult settings. We report two patients with clinically significant antibodies against high-incidence antigens, who were successfully transfused with incompatible red blood cells (RBCs), in conjunction with IVIG plus steroids and IVIG.Case Reports: Case 1 was a 25-year-old patient (Hb SC) who was admitted with low hemoglobin (Hb) and low reticulocyte count. A diagnosis of parvovirus-induced RBC hypoplasia was made. The patient's sample contained anti-E, anti-N, and anti-U. The Hb decreased to 37 g/dL and urgent transfusion was provided with E-, N-, "least-incompatible" RBC units covered by IVIG and hydrocortisone. Case 2 was a 54-year-old patient who was admitted after a road traffic accident. Nonspecific weak antibody was detected. She received 6 units of least-incompatible RBCs. She was transferred to another hospital and received 2 least-incompatible units. Hb level decreased further and an additional unit was transfused. Samples were referred to the reference laboratory and strong anti-Jra detected. As there was clinical and laboratory evidence of hemolysis and Jr(a-) units were not available, IVIG was prescribed and least-incompatible units were transfused.Results: There were no hemolytic transfusion reactions, hemolysis ceased, and anemia improved in both cases.Conclusion: Prophylaxis with IVIG plus steroids and IVIG should be considered as a therapeutic option when transfusion of incompatible units is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, iron deficiency reigns as the most prevalent nutritional disorder, with anemia disproportionately impacting women of childbearing age. Despite the effectiveness of existing treatments, like iron supplements, their side effects remain a concern. This study explores the potential of grape syrup (GS), a functional iron‐rich food, to modulate markers of iron‐deficient anemia in women. A randomized, double‐blind study explored the impact of GS on iron deficiency anemia markers in 130 women. Participants were allocated to intervention or placebo groups. For 4 weeks, the intervention group received a daily 50 mg ferrous sulfate tablet alongside 10 cc of GS thrice daily. The placebo group received a 50 mg ferrous sulfate tablet with a 10 cc placebo syrup thrice daily. Before and after the intervention, key markers like red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and serum iron were assessed. Notably, both Hb and Hct levels were significantly higher in the GS group (p <.05). Additionally, RBC and MCV values showed significant improvement compared to the placebo group (p <.05). However, no significant difference was observed for other iron deficiency markers like serum iron, ferritin, and TIBC (p >.05). This study's findings suggest that combining grape syrup with iron tablets might offer potential advantages over iron tablets alone in managing iron deficiency anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of haptoglobin, LDH, total bilirubin, and combinations for the clinical diagnosis of haemolysis. In cases where both haptoglobin and LDH were assessed before the BF order ( I n i = 497), 407 (81.9%) had both normal haptoglobin and LDH. BF did not raise the possibility of haemolysis in 77.3% of patients with clinical haemolysis or 72.9% of those with clinical haemolysis and abnormal laboratory indices. [Extracted from the article]

Background: No tick‐borne pathogens (TBPs) causing haemolytic anaemia in cattle have been reported, except Theileria orientalis and complete blood count (CBC) profile is the only haematological parameter to determine the severity of regenerative haemolytic anaemia. Objectives: To identify the causative agents of TBP‐induced haemolytic anaemia and determine haematological parameters that indicate haemolytic anaemia in grazing cattle. Methods: Eighty‐two Korean indigenous cattle (Hanwoo) were divided into two groups: grazing (n = 67) and indoor (n = 15) groups. CBC and serum biochemistry were performed. PCR was conducted using whole blood‐extracted DNA to investigate the prevalence of TBPs. Results: TBP‐induced haemolytic anaemia was observed in the grazing group. In grazing cattle, co‐infection (43.3%, 29/67) was most frequently detected, followed by T. orientalis (37.6%, 25/67) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections (1.5%, 1/67). In indoor cattle, only co‐infection (20%, 3/15) was identified. Grazing cattle exhibited regenerative haemolytic anaemia with marked monocytosis, mild neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. According to grazing frequency, the 1st‐time grazing group had more severe anaemia than the 2nd‐time grazing group. Elevations in indirect bilirubin and L‐lactate due to haemolytic anaemia were identified, and correlations with the respective markers were determined in co‐infected grazing cattle. Conclusions: Quantitative evaluation of haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and reticulocytes (markers of regenerative haemolytic anaemia in cattle) was performed for the first time. Our results show that, in addition to T. orientalis, A. phagocytophilum is strongly associated with anaemia. The correlation between haemolytic anaemia severity and haematological parameters (indirect bilirubin, reticulocytes, and L‐lactate) was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between epinephrine and cancer can be dose‐dependent in in vivo study. Whether it is the same in human body still needs verification. Method: We used frozen human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues to detect epinephrine content and analyzed its relationship with survival using the K‐M method and Cox regression. Disturbance of blood cell count and C‐reactive protein and identification of related potent intermediary factors were also analyzed. Results: K‐M plot and Cox regression all showed the inverted U‐shaped relationship between epinephrine and PDAC survival. Lymphocyte adjustment can increase the HRs of epinephrine for PDAC death by >10%. Conclusion: Epinephrine played an anti‐tumor or pro‐tumor effect depending on the specific concentration. Circulating lymphocyte count was elevated and might acted as a compensation pathway to reduce the pro‐tumor effect of epinephrine to PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level with novel inflammatory markers in hemodialysis‐treated patients. Methods: A total of 167 maintenance hemodialysis‐treated patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. The patients were divided into vitamin D deficiency (a serum 25(OH)D level <20 ng/mL) and nondeficiency (a serum 25(OH)D level ≥20 ng/mL) groups. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated by the complete blood cell count. The relationship between 25(OH)D level with other parameters was assessed by bivariate correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, diabetes, levels of albumin, creatinine, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) as well as NLR and MLR (p =.004, p =.031, p <.001, p =.043, p =.008, p =.006, p =.002, and p <.001, respectively). There exist negative correlations between serum 25(OH)D level with age, diabetes, alkaline phosphatase level, NLR, PLR, and MLR (p =.002, p =.002, p =.037, p =.001, p =.041, and p <.001, respectively) and positive correlations between serum 25(OH)D level with albumin level, creatinine level, phosphorus level, HDL‐C, and LDL‐C (p <.001, p <.001, p =.013, p =.02, p =.002, respectively). Multiple analysis results showed that sex, diabetes, albumin level and NLR were independently associated with serum 25(OH)D level (p =.021, p =.015, p =.033, and p =.041, respectively). High values of NLR and MLR were associated with patients with serum 25(OH)D deficiency. There were negative interplays between serum 25(OH) D level with NLR, PLR, and MLR and also an independent association between serum 25(OH) D level with NLR. Conclusion: Collectively, serum 25(OH)D level has a negative correlation with inflammatory markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BNT162B2 mRNA vaccine, Schamber disease, COVID-19 vaccine, cutaneous adverse event, pigmented purpuric dermatosis Keywords: BNT162B2 mRNA vaccine; COVID-19 vaccine; cutaneous adverse event; pigmented purpuric dermatosis; Schamber disease EN BNT162B2 mRNA vaccine COVID-19 vaccine cutaneous adverse event pigmented purpuric dermatosis Schamber disease 435 437 3 02/07/22 20220201 NES 220201 CONFLICT OF INTEREST Babar K. Rao is a consultant for CaliberID (manufacturer of the VivaScope). Dear Editor, Several cutaneous adverse reactions (ARs) secondary to COVID-19 vaccines have been reported after emergency use authorization of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: RUNX1-TACC1; RUNX1; TACC1; RUNX1-TACC1 fusion; acute myeloid leukemia EN RUNX1-TACC1 RUNX1 TACC1 RUNX1-TACC1 fusion acute myeloid leukemia e52 e56 5 04/15/20 20200415 NES 200415 Transforming acidic coiled-coil 1 (TACC1) interacts with proteins involved in the centrosome, microtubule dynamics, transcription and mRNA processing and plays roles in cell division, cell proliferation, and gene regulation (Ha, Kim, & Breuer, [6]). These extra bands are consistent with the presence of the RUNX1 Ex5-TACC1 Ex6 and the RUNX1 Ex6-TACC1 Ex6 based on molecular weight. In I RUNX1-TACC1 i , I TACC1 i contributes a carboxy-terminal transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC) domain. RUNX1-TACC1, RUNX1, TACC1, RUNX1-TACC1 fusion, acute myeloid leukemia. [Extracted from the article]

Onions (Allium cepa L.) contain various flavonols, including quercetin, kaempferol, anthocyanin, luteolin, and myricetin. Quercetin in onions is considered the primary bioactive component. To assess the impact of quercetin on hyperuricemia in healthy Wistar albino rats, this study used high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) to identify and measure quercetin in onion powder. Twenty‐four 160 ± 10 g, six wistar albino male rats in each group were kept: NC (control sample, no onion powder), OT1, OT2, and OT3, which contained 11.13, 14.84, and 18.61 g/100 g onion powder, respectively. The treatment lasted 28 days, during which the last 7 days were for urine, feces, and blood collection. The results showed a trend of decreasing levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein in rats fed OT1, OT2, and OT3 diets. Improvements were observed in feed, water, and nutrient intake, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, body weight, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid levels (p ≤.05). In contrast, high‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, serum total protein, neutrophils, and lymphocytes did not change (p ≥.05). White blood cells, red blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin, and monocytes showed an upward trend. Based on our calculations, we determined the optimal human dosage from the most effective amount of onion powder. By taking into account the ratio of human‐to‐rat surface area, we estimate that the equivalent human dose of onion is 181.04 grams with 204 mg of quercetin. Additionally, when factoring in the dry matter content, the recommended dose of onion is 29.19 grams with 220 mg of quercetin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As dysbiosis of gut microbiota is recognized as a major risk factor for malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients, we aimed to assess the effects of fortified synbiotic dessert on malnutrition, oxidative stress, inflammation, and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 50 hemodialysis patients were randomized into two groups of intervention and control to consume either 50 g of synbiotic dessert fortified with vitamin D (1000 IU) and calcium (500 mg) (FSD) or 50 g of control dessert (CD) for 8 weeks, respectively. Changes in nutritional status [Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)], anthropometric measures, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), ferritin, biochemistry [serum albumin, vitamin D, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), complete blood count (CBC), and electrolytes], and quality of life were assessed before and at the end of the trial. The SGA scores and serum ferritin levels decreased significantly in the FSD group compared to the control group (p =.01 and p =.03, respectively). Regarding other markers, no statistically significant changes were found comparing the two groups. This novel fortified synbiotic dessert as a functional food may be effective in reducing the severity of malnutrition by improving SGA score in short term in hemodialysis patients. Thus, it is suggested to do further studies to elucidate the possible mechanisms related to the effects of this dessert on microbiota, skeletal muscle mass, and inflammation in HD in long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observations that haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) express vasopressin receptors and that patients with cDI were intermittently anaemic convinced us to study the effect of vasopressin on HSCs in vitro and in vivo. Dear Editor, We found Winzeler et al's paper1 on the effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in patients suffering from central diabetes insipidus (cDI) and primary polydipsia (PP) quite interesting. [Extracted from the article]

Pressure injury (PI), or local damage to soft tissues and skin caused by prolonged pressure, remains controversial in the medical world. Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) were frequently reported to suffer PIs, with a heavy burden on their life and expenditures. Machine learning (ML) is a Section of artificial intelligence (AI) that has emerged in nursing practice and is increasingly used for diagnosis, complications, prognosis, and recurrence prediction. This study aims to investigate hospital‐acquired PI (HAPI) risk predictions in ICU based on a ML algorithm by R programming language analysis. The former evidence was gathered through PRISMA guidelines. The logical analysis was applied via an R programming language. ML algorithms based on usage rate included logistic regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Distributed tree (DT), Artificial neural networks (ANN), SVM (Support Vector Machine), Batch normalisation (BN), GB (Gradient Boosting), expectation–maximisation (EM), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Six cases were related to risk predictions of HAPI in the ICU based on an ML algorithm from seven obtained studies, and one study was associated with the Detection of PI risk. Also, the most estimated risksSerum Albumin, Lack of Activity, mechanical ventilation (MV), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), Surgery, Cardiovascular adequacy, ICU stay, Vasopressor, Consciousness, Skin integrity, Recovery Unit, insulin and oral antidiabetic (INS&OAD), Complete blood count (CBC), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), Steroid, Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM), Braden score, Faecal incontinence, Serum Creatinine (SCr) and age. In sum, HAPI prediction and PI risk detection are two significant areas for using ML in PI analysis. Also, the current data showed that the ML algorithm, including LR and RF, could be regarded as the practical platform for developing AI tools for diagnosing, prognosis, and treating PI in hospital units, especially ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive factors for rectal cancer Y. Aliyarov* National Oncology Centre of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku, Azerbaijan B Aim: b To investigate the role of mutation in KRAS and BRAF genes as predictive marker of radioresistanse in patients with local advanced rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. Twenty-four patients received optimisation before elective surgery, and thirty patients received emergency surgery, without optimisation. All patients with symptomatic AL and PD underwent surgery as a treatment for leak, whereas patients with symptomatic AL and without PD were treated with surgery (66.7%), endoscopic (19.0%) and percutaneous (14.3%) procedures. 15.9% (30 patients) of the patients had tumour out of rectosigmoid colon (7 patients transverse/6 patients ascending/17 patients descending) and 84.1% (158 patients). Among clinical groups the distribution of patients with KRAS mutation was: 1 group- 6 (37.5%) patients, 2 group- 8 (23.5%) patients, 3 group -3 (20%) patients ( I p i < 0.5). [Extracted from the article]

Background: Systemic inflammation has been proposed as a relevant mechanism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Still, comprehensive data on ALS patients' innate and adaptive immune responses and their effect on the clinical phenotype are lacking. Here, we investigate systemic immunity in a population‐based ALS cohort using readily available hematological indexes. Methods: We collected clinical data and the complete blood count (CBC) at diagnosis in ALS patients from the Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Register for ALS (PARALS) from 2007 to 2019. Leukocytes populations, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic‐immune‐inflammation index (SII), and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) were derived from CBC. All variables were analyzed for association with clinical features in the entire cohort and then in sex‐ and age‐based subgroups. Results: Neutrophils (P = 0.001) and markers of increased innate immunity (NLR, P = 0.008 and SII, P = 0.006) were associated with a faster disease progression. Similarly, elevated innate immunity correlated with worse pulmonary function and shorter survival. The prognosis in women also correlated with low lymphocytes (P = 0.045) and a decreased LMR (P = 0.013). ALS patients with cognitive impairment exhibited lower monocytes (P = 0.0415). Conclusions and Relevance: The dysregulation of the systemic immune system plays a multifaceted role in ALS. More specifically, an elevated innate immune response is associated with faster progression and reduced survival. Conversely, ALS patients with cognitive impairment showed a reduction in monocyte count. Additionally, immune response varied according to sex and age, thus suggesting that involved immune pathways are patient specific. Further studies will help translate those findings into clinical practice or targeted treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: There are sex differences in blood cell count and hemoglobin (HGB) in adulthood due to differences in the levels of circulating sex hormones. The second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is the putative marker of prenatal hormone exposure. The 2D:4D or the right‐left difference (Dr‐l) are sexually dimorphic and are correlates of sex hormones in adulthood. The study sought to determine whether sex differences in adult blood cell count and HGB can be partly explained by the 2D:4D or Dr‐l. Methods: The study was cross‐sectional between June and December 2021 at the University for Development Studies. The study involved 207 healthy participants (females = 113) aged from 18 to 32 years. The right‐hand (2D:4DR), and the left‐hand (2D:4DL) digit ratio and their difference (Dr‐l) were measured using Computer‐assisted analysis. Blood cell count, HGB, testosterone, and estradiol were measured from venous blood samples using an automated HGB analyzer and ELIZA technique. Results: The platelet count was inversely related to the 2D:4DR in the total sample with the 2D:4DR accounting for about 0.2% (adjR2 = 0.002) of the variability in platelet count. However, there was a sex difference as indicated by the significant interaction between sex and the 2D:4DR on platelet count (p = 0.03). The relationship between platelet count and the 2D:4DR was negative in females but positive in males. Also, there was a positive relationship between HGB concentration and the Dr‐l in the total study sample, where the Dr‐l accounted for about 0.6% (adjR2 = 0.006) of the variability in HGB concentration. Sex interacted significantly with the Dr‐l on HGB concentration (p = 0.01) such that the relationship between HGB and the Dr‐l was positive in females but negative in males. Conclusion: Prenatal hormone exposure, as indexed by the 2D:4D ratio, may partly account for the observed sex differences in platelet count and HGB levels in adulthood. Key points: There was a significant interaction between sex and the 2D:4DR on platelet count.The relationship between platelet count and the 2D:4DR was negative in females but positive in males.There was a significant interaction between sex and right‐left difference (Dr‐l) on hemoglobin concentration.The relationship between hemoglobin and the Dr‐l was positive in females but negative in males.Prenatal hormone exposure may partly account for the observed sex differences in platelet count and hemoglobin levels in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Room temperature‐stored platelets (RTPs) maximize platelet viability but limit shelf life. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of donor variability on cold‐stored platelets (CSPs) and RTP, to determine whether RTP quality markers are appropriate for CSP. Materials and Methods: Double platelet donations (n = 10) were collected from consented regular male donors stored in 100% plasma. A full blood count, donor age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were collected at the time of donation. Platelet donations were split equally into two bags, and assigned to non‐agitated CSP or agitated RTP. The quality and function of platelets were assessed throughout the standard 7 days of storage and at expiry (day 8). Non‐parametric statistical analyses were used to analyse results given the small sample size. Results: As expected, there were significant differences between CSP and RTP throughout storage including a reduction in CSP concentration as well as a loss of swirling. Furthermore, a significant increase in CSP exhibiting activation and apoptotic markers was observed. Platelet concentrations were further impacted by donor BMI, and donors with the highest BMI (>29) had the lowest platelet concentration and activation response at the end of CSP storage. Conclusion: Platelet quality and functionality play a vital role in transfusion outcomes; however, blood components are inherently variable. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the specific impact of donor BMI on CSP quality and function and highlights the requirement for novel quality markers for assessing CSPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study of 72-year-old male is presented with weakness, dyspnea and splenomegaly. Topics include examines he referred no significant past medical history or previous treatment and a peripheral blood smear revealed several percentage blasts and a bone marrow aspirate blasts and multilineage dysplasia in two cell lineages.

The 1984 OSHA Standard for ethylene oxide (EtO) mandates medical surveillance under various circumstances. When performed, medical surveillance for EtO must include a complete blood count (CBC) with differential leukocyte count. This requirement is based on reports of EtO-associated absolute lymphocytosis and other hematologic effects. This paper describes our experiences in providing EtO medical surveillance for a 300 bed hospital over a 6 year period. We observed an apparent relative lymphocytosis which persisted over 3-4 years in sterilization workers with documented TWA personal EtO exposures averaging 0.07 ppm. In addition, three workers had a history of acutely toxic overexposure to EtO as a result of a sterilizer malfunction. These workers became symptomatic following the high accidental overexposure, but did not show absolute lymphocytosis or altered patterns in the relative lymphocytosis. Finally, a cross-sectional comparison of the CBC data from the EtO-exposed workers to data from non-EtO-exposed hospital workers showed no significant differences, ruling out an association of the relative lymphocytosis with EtO exposure. These observations led us to review the basis for the inclusion of the CBC in routine EtO medical surveillance. Our experience, review of the literature on EtO-associated lymphocytosis and anemia, and review of the literature on the use of the CBC with differential as a screening test suggest that the leukocyte differential may not be useful in routine medical surveillance for EtO exposure.

Abstract: Introduction: Asthma is a prevalent, chronic disease associated with significant risk to patients and cost to healthcare systems. Accurate estimates of length of stay and recovery are important for patient information, physician prognostication, and management of inpatient beds. Objectives: To assess factors affecting length of stay and time to recovery in adults with acute asthma. Methods: We prospectively recruited adult asthmatic non‐smokers admitted with an asthma exacerbation. Participants were assessed for demographics, symptoms, medications, bloods including blood count, clotting status, and cytokines. Results were analyzed for correlation and subsequently in a regression model. Results: One hundred twenty‐six participants were recruited of which 75.4% were female. Mean age was 40.0 and mean length of stay was 3.98 days. Length of stay was associated with lower APTT ratio (<P = 0.001), oxygen requirement (P = 0.02), increased AST (P = 0.005), increasing age (P = 0.02), and lower %predicted FEV1 (P = 0.02). Longer time to recovery was associated with plasma IL‐12 >1 pg/mL (P = 0.04). Conclusion: Older participants with lower FEV1 and supplemental oxygen requirements are likely to remain in hospital longer. Activation of the “intrinsic” clotting pathway correlates with an increased length of stay as does a raised serum AST. Detectable IL‐12 in plasma correlates with slower recovery and this may be due to poor response to corticosteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-life-threatening adverse reactions occurred in 9/20 dogs (45%) including hypersalivation, lip smacking and restlessness attributed to nausea (five dogs), injection site pruritus (three dogs), and self-limiting diarrhoea and lethargy (one dog). In this report, two ovariohysterectomised dogs (six-year-old Shetland sheepdog and 14-year-old shih tzu dog) from separate households developed extensive, noninflammatory alopecia on the trunk, tail and proximal limbs within 10 months after starting oral estriol supplementation for urinary incontinence at labelled doses. As the treatment and bandaging protocol as well as the allergy treatment otherwise were completely identical, and the surgery happened at the same time of year, this major difference (also to expected standard laser wound recovery times) appeared impressive as the dog served as its own control group. E. J. Rosser College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA The objective was to examine the dermatohistopathological and immunohistochemical features of skin biopsies from 10 food-allergic dogs. Eight lesional skin samples from eight PF dogs and five healthy site-matched samples from five healthy dogs were evaluated for 20 immune markers using quantitative real-time PCR. [Extracted from the article]

Platelet count decline and high neutrophil count within the first day of admission for painful sickle cell vaso-occlusive episodes predict severe complications 2 a All complications is defined as having any of acute pulmonary events, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, thromboembolism, stroke, exchange transfusion, ICU or death. Vaso-occlusive pain crisis (VOC) is the primary reason for emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalizations in sickle cell disease (SCD).[1] Organ damage can occur in the lungs and other visceral organs during VOC.[[2], [4]] Platelet count decline was reported to predict acute chest syndrome[[5]] and other severe complications[7] during hospitalization for VOC. To reflect change over time, proportional platelet or neutrophil counts with respect to Baseline (count ratio ER/Baseline, First morning/Baseline and Platelet Nadir/Baseline) and ER (First Morning/ER and Platelet Nadir/ER) were also assessed. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To compare complete blood count (CBC) parameters and inflammatory factors in the patients with different grade of acne vulgaris and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 20 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into mild group and moderate‐to‐severe group based on the acne severity, and compared to controls. Inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL1‐α) detected by ELISA and complete blood count parameters (MPV, NLR, dNLR, PLR, LMR, and SII) obtained by routine blood tests were compared among the three group. Results: All CBC parameters were not significantly elevated in patients with acne compared to healthy controls. However, the present studies have found that the inflammatory factors in acne patients were significantly elevated relative to healthy controls, and increase with the acne grade. Conclusions: Inflammatory factors are convenient parameters to show inflammatory response to acne vulgaris, and may be a new clinical method for judging the acne grades of objectively. Considering the use of antibiotic, we believe that this metric worth further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Many markers are used for clinical diagnosis in rheumatic diseases; rheumatoid factor (RF) is the most frequently used marker. However, RF is not specific to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RF positivity is widely observed in patients with advanced age, infectious, autoimmune, and lymphoproliferative diseases. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the demographic characteristics, frequency of antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) positivity, hemogram parameters and distribution of the diagnoses in RF‐positive patients followed at the rheumatology clinic. Methods: The population of this retrospective study consisted of patients above 18 years of age who were referred to have RF positivity by nephelometric method at Kahramanmaraş Necip Fazıl City Hospital Rheumatology Clinic between January 2020 and June 2022. Results: The mean age of the 230 patients with a positive RF test result, 155 (76%) male and 55 (24%) female, was 52.7 ± 15.5 years. There were 81 (35.2%), 54 (23.5%), 73 (31.7%) and 22 (9.6%) patients with RF levels between 20 and 50 IU/mL, 50 and 100 IU/mL, 100 and 500 IU/mL, and above 500 IU/mL, respectively. There was no significant difference detected between the groups that were created based on the RF titers regarding demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). The rate of being diagnosed with any rheumatic disease was significantly lower in the group with RF levels between 20 and 50 IU/mL compared to other groups (P = 0.001). The distribution of rheumatic and non‐rheumatic disease diagnoses according to RF levels did not reveal any significant difference between the groups (P = 0.369 and P = 0.147, respectively). RA was the most common (62.2%) rheumatic disease diagnosis among the patients included in the study. The leukocyte count was significantly higher in the group with RF levels above 500 IU/mL compared to the group with RF levels between 20 and 50 IU/mL (P = 0.024). There was no significant difference between the groups in other laboratory results, that is, hemogram, sedimentation, C‐reactive protein, platelet, and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The study findings indicate that RF positivity can be seen in the context of different rheumatological diseases; hence RF levels alone may not predict rheumatological disease. There was also no significant relationship between RF levels and ANA and anti‐CCP positivity. The most common diagnosis in patients presenting with elevated RF levels was RA. Nevertheless, it should be noted that RF can be found asymptomatically in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID‐19 usually presents with upper respiratory tract infection in varying severity which can lead to sepsis. Early prediction of sepsis may reduce mortality by timely interventions. The intended purpose of this study was to determine whether the advanced parameters like the extended inflammation parameters (EIPs) can predict prognosis and early progression to sepsis as a sequel of COVID‐19 infection and can be used as a screening profile. Also, to evaluate the Intensive Care Infection Score (ICIS) and the COVID‐19 prognostic score and validate the scores for our population. Methods: Prospective observational study of 50 reverse transcription‐ polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) proven admitted COVID‐19 patients. The data assessed included complete blood counts (CBC) with EIP measurements, from Day 1 of admission to Day 10. The following groups were studied: noncritical (NC) and critical illness (CI) in COVID‐19 positive cases, COVID negative sepsis and nonsepsis cases, and healthy volunteers for reference range. Results: The parameters that showed statistically significant higher mean in CI group compared to the NC group are reactive lymphocyte number and percentage (RE‐LYMPH#, RE‐LYMPH%), antibody synthesizing lymphocyte number and percentage (AS‐LYMPH#, AS‐LYMPH%), Reactive monocyte count and percentage (RE‐MONO#, RE‐MONO%/M), ICIS, COVID‐19 prognostic score (p‐value <0.05). The AUC confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of all these parameters. From the multivariate logistic regression, the significant risk factor was RE‐LYMPH# with cut‐off >0.10 (p value: 0.011). Conclusion: The new EIP parameters, RE‐MONO#, RE‐MONO%/M, ICIS score and COVID‐19 prognostic score are useful for early prediction of critical illness. AS‐LYMPH is the most useful predictor of critical illness on multivariate analysis. RE‐MONO# and RE‐MONO%/M parameter are useful in distinguishing critical and noncritical non‐COVID and COVID‐19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegan dietary patterns are increasingly being adopted by endurance athletes, yet research examining the influence of this dietary pattern on exercise‐related physiology is limited. This pilot study, therefore, aimed to explore nutrient status, diet quality and cardiovascular and inflammatory responses in aerobically trained adult males following vegan and omnivorous dietary patterns during aerobic exercise. An incremental ramp running test was used to assess peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in males aged 18–55 years, engaging in >4 h training/week. Exercise testing was performed during walking and steady‐state running conditions (60% and 90% of VO2peak). Participants were grouped by dietary pattern type and were equivalent for age, training volume and VO2peak. When compared to the omnivorous group (n = 8, age 35.6 years, VO2peak 55.7 mL/kg/min), the vegan group (n = 12, age 33.4 years, VO2peak 56.4 m/kg/min) consumed more energy from carbohydrates (p = 0.007), and less energy from protein (p = 0.001) while exhibiting a higher overall diet quality score (p = 0.008). No differences in inflammatory biomarkers were observed before or after running. Total red blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were lower in the vegan dietary group. In summary, aerobically trained males, following a long‐term vegan diet, can tolerate a short bout of running broadly comparatively to their omnivore counterparts. More arduous endurance exercise conditions should be explored to further uncover potential outcomes of consuming a vegan dietary pattern and exercise‐related physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(A) Bone marrow cytological and histological biopsies indicated active hyperplasia, abnormal trilineage proportion, exhibiting a state of bone marrow failure with ineffective haematopoiesis. Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by ineffective haematopoiesis resulting from bone marrow failure, which involve >=1 cell lineage[1] and predispose to malignant transformation.[2] Bone marrow failure syndrome type-2 (BMFS2) is based on homozygous truncating mutations in the I ERCC6L2 i as critical diagnostic identifiers and characterized by trilineage bone marrow failure, learning disabilities and microcephaly.[[3], [5]] In all, 31 cases of homozygous germline I ERCC6L2 i mutation-related diseases have been reported, mostly in individuals showing manifestations of bone marrow failure and relatively high penetrance.[6] Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) remains the only curative measure for IBMFS but possibly increases the malignant transformation risk.[7] Moreover, somatic abnormalities or other non-hematological alterations already present are irreversible. Bone marrow cytological examination indicated active bone marrow hyperplasia, mainly in the erythroid system, with myeloid:erythroid (M:E) = 0.36:1; the granulocytes proportion was reduced (24.5%); and neutrophil proportion was average or decreased with no apparent morphological abnormalities. [Extracted from the article]

Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measurements (Faraway, [3]) were used to assess the effect of sequential DFP-DFX treatment in TDT patients, based on SF levels over 24 study months (due to the small number of patients at the end of follow-up). Our study suggests that sequential DFP-DFX therapy is tolerable, can control SF levels and decrease cardiac and liver iron overload in TDT patient at a cost that is between that of DFX and DFP monotherapy. thalassaemia, iron overload, chelation therapy, transfusion-dependent thalassaemia, sequential treatment. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the case of a 63-year-old female affected by thrombocytopenia discovered at the age of 25. Topics discussed include finding on the analysis of peripheral blood smear of the patient, a diagnosis of MYH9-related platelet disorders (MYH9-RD), and detection of the presence of large platelets on the basis of the mean platelet volume (MPV) measured by means of a cell counter using optical technology and confirmed by the microscopic observation of blood smear.

The article reviews the articles on stapled anastomosis, H-fistula in girls in Krickenback classification and food scarcity.

The biophysical characteristics and counts of blood cells provide useful information regarding pathological conditions. Therefore, the separation of blood components is a crucial task in biology, clinical diagnosis, therapeutics, and personalized medicine. Recently, microfluidics has gained significant interest as an effective technology for separating target cells from heterogeneous cell populations. Within cellular‐scale microchannels, cells of interest are separated based on intrinsic properties, such as size, shape, and deformability, followed by further downstream or off‐chip analysis. In this review, microfluidic‐based hydrodynamic cell‐separation technologies used in label‐free approaches by categorizing them according to their key working principles are discussed: i) flow fractionation, ii) deterministic lateral displacement, iii) hydrophoresis, iv) inertial migration, and v) microfiltration. An overview of the major separation mechanisms is provided, and the relative performances and features of these technologies are thoroughly discussed. In addition, future perspectives regarding microfluidic system commercialization and standardization are briefly provided for their widespread use and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for faecal haemoglobin was introduced into primary care in National Health Service Tayside in 2015 as an adjunct to clinical assessment of new bowel symptoms. We aimed to assess the impact of FIT‐based triage in primary care on colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Method: Cancer audit data between January 2016 and December 2019 were reviewed to identify all patients diagnosed locally with CRC. The mode of presentation and stage at diagnosis were noted and patient records were interrogated to identify whether FIT and full blood count (FBC) had been performed prior to referral. Results were compared between the FIT and non‐FIT groups. Results: In all, 1245 patients were diagnosed with CRC of whom 581 (46.7%) presented through primary care. FIT was performed prior to referral in 440/581 (75.7%), with the proportion increasing from 62.3% in 2016 to 85.8% in 2019. At faecal haemoglobin ≥10 μg Hb/g faeces, sensitivity for CRC was 94.1%. Over the study period the annual proportion of non‐emergency presentations increased significantly; presentations from primary care increased from 43.1% to 53.5% (P = 0.0096). After excluding non‐FIT patients who had an overt CRC at referral, there was no difference in stage at diagnosis between FIT and non‐FIT cancers. Safety‐netting with FBC was widely used in our cohort with 97.3% of FIT patients having also had FBC. Conclusion: FIT‐based triage of new bowel symptoms in primary care is associated with increased non‐emergency presentation of CRC but this did not influence stage at diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]