11,368 results
Search Results
2. Cytotoxicity of ZnO Paper against Cancer Cells.
- Author
-
Su-Yu Liao, Jing-Jenn Lin, Congo Tak-Shing Ching, and You-Lin Wu
- Subjects
CANCER cells ,GAS detectors ,ZINC oxide ,CELL survival ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,CELL lines - Abstract
Paper incorporated with ZnO nanostructures (called ZnO paper) is a flexible substrate material with applications in many areas including UV detectors and gas sensors. In this work, we tested the cytotoxicity of ZnO paper against cancer cells. The ZnO paper was placed in culture media of different cancer cell lines including A549, H1299, and WI38 with and without the targeted anti-lung cancer drugs Iressa and Staurosporine, and cell viability was determined. We found that ZnO nanoparticles were cytotoxic to all the cell lines examined, and cell viability was further reduced by increasing the deposition time of these nanoparticles. In addition, cytotoxicity was enhanced when both the ZnO paper and the anticancer drugs were present in the culture media. Our experimental results indicate that ZnO paper can be used for cytotoxicity test and the development of future novel anticancer drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Replica Plating and in situ Enzymatic Assay of Animal Cell Colonies Established on Filter Paper
- Author
-
Esko, Jeffrey D.
- Published
- 1978
4. Abstracts Frank G. Brooks Award Winning Papers 1980
- Published
- 1980
5. Abstracts: ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE FORTY SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE LABORATORY DIVISION OF THE CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION AND THE THIRD MEETING OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INTERNATIONAL HEALTH, A CONJOINT MEETING ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGISTS, THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF MICROBIOLOGISTS, AND THE PAN-AMERICAN GROUP FOR RAPID VIRAL DIAGNOSIS, LE CHÂTEAU CHAMPLAIN, MONTREAL, NOVEMBER 28-30, 1979
- Published
- 1980
6. Laboratory Division: ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE LABORATORY DIVISION OF THE CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION AND THE THIRD MEETING OF THE TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INTERNATIONAL HEALTH DIVISION, A JOINT MEETING ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE EPIDEMIOLOGY DIVISION, C.P.H.A., THE CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGISTS AND THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF MICROBIOLOGISTS, ROYAL YORK HOTEL, TORONTO, NOVEMBER 26—28, 1975
- Published
- 1976
7. Incidences of problematic cell lines are lower in papers that use RRIDs to identify cell lines.
- Author
-
BABIC, ZELJANA, CAPES-DAVIS, AMANDA, MARTONE, MARYANN E., BAIROCH, AMOS, OZYURT, I. BURAK, GILLESPIE, THOMAS H., and BANDROWSKI, ANITA E.
- Subjects
- *
CELL lines , *VIDEO monitors - Abstract
The use of misidentified and contaminated cell lines continues to be a problem in biomedical research. Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) should reduce the prevalence of misidentified and contaminated cell lines in the literature by alerting researchers to cell lines that are on the list of problematic cell lines, which is maintained by the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) and the Cellosaurus database. To test this assertion, we text-mined the methods sections of about two million papers in PubMed Central, identifying 305,161 unique cell-line names in 150,459 articles. We estimate that 8.6% of these cell lines were on the list of problematic cell lines, whereas only 3.3% of the cell lines in the 634 papers that included RRIDs were on the problematic list. This suggests that the use of RRIDs is associated with a lower reported use of problematic cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Antioxidant and Anticancer Roles of a Novel Strain of Bacillus anthracis Isolated from Vermicompost Prepared from Paper Mill Sludge.
- Author
-
Ganguly, Ram Kumar, Midya, Sujoy, and Chakraborty, Susanta Kumar
- Subjects
- *
ANTIOXIDANT analysis , *ACETIC acid , *ADENOCARCINOMA , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *APOPTOSIS , *BACILLUS (Bacteria) , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *BREAST tumors , *CELL lines , *CELL surface antigens , *CULTURES (Biology) , *DNA , *HETEROCYCLIC compounds , *IMMUNODIAGNOSIS , *INVERTEBRATES , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *MEDICAL research , *PROTEIN kinases , *SEWAGE , *STAINS & staining (Microscopy) , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *TRANSFERASES , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *MANUFACTURING industries , *FREE radical scavengers ,TUMOR prevention - Abstract
Mass production of vermicompost using suitable species of earthworms and selecting target organic waste materials has appeared to be a great development in the realm of biotechnological research for the sustainable eco-management. Although, for the bioconversion of organic wastes to vermicompost, suitable earthworm species play major roles, a hoard of bacterial assemblages by virtue of production of different enzymes facilitate the process of vermicomposting. The present study has documented the roles of vermicompost associated bacteria in combating, preventing, and controlling of cancer so as to open a new vista not only in the field of vermitechnology but also on biomedical research. Earthworms’ associated bacterial metabolic products having their unique physicochemical excellence have gained importance due to their roles as a facilitator of apoptosis (programed cell death in a MCF-7 cell line). The antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extracts’ of vermicompost associated bacterium Bacillus anthracis were undertaken by antioxidant assay which revealed maximum DPPH radical scavenging effect (75.79 ± 5.41%) of the extracts’ at 9 00 μg ml-1. Furthermore, the crude extracts obtained from the same bacteria were found to decrease the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) with the increase in doses. MTT assay showed potent cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) with the IC50 value of 46.64 ± 0.79 μg ml-1. It was further confirmed through Hoechst 33258 staining of nuclear fragmentation assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Western blotting test has confirmed a downregulation of Akt upon application of crude extracts. Increase of SOD activity along with decrease of Akt level reflects that the mode of action is entirely PI-3K dependent. This study tends to indicate that B. anthracis isolated from vermicompost could be potentially explored for the development of new therapeutic agents, especially against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Statistical Analysis of Gastric Cancer Cells Response to Broadband Terahertz Radiation with and without Contrast Nanoparticles.
- Author
-
Schreiner, Oliver Daniel, Socotar, Diana, Ciobanu, Romeo Cristian, Schreiner, Thomas Gabriel, and Tamba, Bogdan Ionel
- Subjects
STOMACH tumors ,RADIOTHERAPY ,DATA analysis ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,MANN Whitney U Test ,CELL lines ,STATISTICS ,SPECTRUM analysis ,RADIATION doses ,CONTRAST media ,NANOPARTICLES ,CELLS - Abstract
Simple Summary: The paper describes the statistical analysis of the response of gastric cancer cells and normal cells to broadband terahertz radiation up to 4 THz, both with and without the use of nanostructured contrast agents. A statistical analysis was conducted towards multiple pairwise comparisons in order to identify the narrow THz frequency ranges where the contrast is enhanced and allows a clear identification of tumor cells in the presence of contrast agents. The paper describes the statistical analysis of the response of gastric cancer cells and normal cells to broadband terahertz radiation up to 4 THz, both with and without the use of nanostructured contrast agents. The THz spectroscopy analysis was comparatively performed under the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure. The statistical analysis was conducted towards multiple pairwise comparisons, including a support medium (without cells) versus a support medium with nanoparticles, normal cells versus normal cells with nanoparticles, and, respectively, tumor cells versus tumor cells with nanoparticles. When generally comparing the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure for a broader frequency domain, the differentiation between normal and tumor cells in the presence of contrast agents is superior when using the ATR procedure. THz contrast enhancement by using contrast agents derived from MRI-related contrast agents leads to only limited benefits and only for narrow THz frequency ranges, a disadvantage for THz medical imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Folding behaviour of Tachi–Miura polyhedron bellows
- Author
-
Yasuda, Hiromi, Yein, Thu, Tachi, Tomohiro, Miura, Koryo, and Taya, Minoru
- Published
- 2013
11. Spontaneous Tumor Regression and Reversion: Insights and Associations with Reduced Dietary Phosphate.
- Author
-
Brown, Ronald B.
- Subjects
CANCER relapse ,FOOD consumption ,AUTOPHAGY ,PROTEIN kinases ,PHOSPHATES ,CELL proliferation ,CELL physiology ,DISEASE remission ,CANCER patients ,PHOSPHATASES ,CELL lines ,ANOREXIA nervosa ,WESTERN diet ,OVERALL survival - Abstract
Simple Summary: In spontaneous tumor regression, tumors shrink and disappear without conventional treatments. This phenomenon challenges the view that cancer is an irreversible genetic disease and that the only treatment option is to kill cancer cells or surgically remove them. In tumor reversion, cancer cells have been shown to return to normal cells when they are transplanted into a normal cellular environment. Additionally, people consuming a Western diet ingest excessive amounts of dietary phosphate, and a dysregulated oversupply of phosphate can be transported into cells, stimulating the cellular growth that forms tumors. Based on reviewed evidence, this paper proposes that reducing excessive dietary phosphate potentially activates tumor regression and reversion, as components of cancer cells are self-digested. Furthermore, fevers and fasting-mimicking diets are associated with tumor regression, which also may be initiated by reduced phosphate intake. Studies are needed to test dietary phosphate reduction in tumor regression and reversion to improve cancer patient survival. Tumors that spontaneously shrink from unknown causes in tumor regression, and that return to normal cells in tumor reversion, are phenomena with the potential to contribute new knowledge and novel therapies for cancer patient survival. Tumorigenesis is associated with dysregulated phosphate metabolism and an increased transport of phosphate into tumor cells, potentially mediated by phosphate overload from excessive dietary phosphate intake, a significant problem in Western societies. This paper proposes that reduced dietary phosphate overload and reregulated phosphate metabolism may reverse an imbalance of kinases and phosphatases in cell signaling and cellular proliferation, thereby activating autophagy in tumor regression and reversion. Dietary phosphate can also be reduced by sickness-associated anorexia, fasting-mimicking diets, and other diets low in phosphate, all of which have been associated with tumor regression. Tumor reversion has also been demonstrated by transplanting cancer cells into a healthy microenvironment, plausibly associated with normal cellular phosphate concentrations. Evidence also suggests that the sequestration and containment of excessive phosphate within encapsulated tumors is protective in cancer patients, preventing the release of potentially lethal amounts of phosphate into the general circulation. Reducing dietary phosphate overload has the potential to provide a novel, safe, and effective reversion therapy for cancer patients, and further research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. PermuteDDS: a permutable feature fusion network for drug-drug synergy prediction.
- Author
-
Zhao, Xinwei, Xu, Junqing, Shui, Youyuan, Xu, Mengdie, Hu, Jie, Liu, Xiaoyan, Che, Kai, Wang, Junjie, and Liu, Yun
- Subjects
DRUG synergism ,COMBINATION drug therapy ,CELL lines ,HIGH throughput screening (Drug development) ,DRUG interactions ,DRUG delivery devices - Abstract
Motivation: Drug combination therapies have shown promise in clinical cancer treatments. However, it is hard to experimentally identify all drug combinations for synergistic interaction even with high-throughput screening due to the vast space of potential combinations. Although a number of computational methods for drug synergy prediction have proven successful in narrowing down this space, fusing drug pairs and cell line features effectively still lacks study, hindering current algorithms from understanding the complex interaction between drugs and cell lines. Results: In this paper, we proposed a Permutable feature fusion network for Drug-Drug Synergy prediction, named PermuteDDS. PermuteDDS takes multiple representations of drugs and cell lines as input and employs a permutable fusion mechanism to combine drug and cell line features. In experiments, PermuteDDS exhibits state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark data sets. Additionally, the results on independent test set grouped by different tissues reveal that PermuteDDS has good generalization performance. We believed that PermuteDDS is an effective and valuable tool for identifying synergistic drug combinations. It is publicly available at https://github.com/littlewei-lazy/PermuteDDS. Scientific contribution: First, this paper proposes a permutable feature fusion network for predicting drug synergy termed PermuteDDS, which extract diverse information from multiple drug representations and cell line representations. Second, the permutable fusion mechanism combine the drug and cell line features by integrating information of different channels, enabling the utilization of complex relationships between drugs and cell lines. Third, comparative and ablation experiments provide evidence of the efficacy of PermuteDDS in predicting drug-drug synergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. T-Cell Engagers—The Structure and Functional Principle and Application in Hematological Malignancies.
- Author
-
Cech, Paweł, Skórka, Katarzyna, Dziki, Laura, and Giannopoulos, Krzysztof
- Subjects
ONCOLYTIC virotherapy ,HEMATOLOGIC malignancies ,T cells ,LYMPHOCYTIC leukemia ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,PROTEIN-tyrosine kinase inhibitors ,HEMATOLOGY ,MONOCLONAL antibodies ,CELL lines ,CANCER chemotherapy ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,MOLECULAR structure - Abstract
Simple Summary: Recent advancements in cancer research have proven immunotherapies to be a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The bispecific antibody (BsAb) format was developed to overcome the issues of monoclonal antibody-based therapies. T-cell engagers (TCEs) are BsAbs, which directly activate T-cells and their anti-tumor features, ultimately resulting in the lysis of the targeted tumor cells. In 2014, the FDA approved blinatumomab for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As of November 2023, seven clinically approved TCE therapies are on the market. In this paper, we summarized the technical basis of the TCE technology, its application in hematology, and its current issues and prospects. Recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy have made directing the cellular immune response onto cancer cells a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The introduction of monoclonal antibody-based (mAbs) targeted therapy has significantly improved the prognosis for hematological patients. Facing the issues of mAb-based therapies, a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) format was developed. T-cell engagers (TCEs) are BsAbs, which simultaneously target tumor-associated antigens on tumor cells and CD3 molecules present on T-cells. This mechanism allows for the direct activation of T-cells and their anti-tumor features, ultimately resulting in the lysis of tumor cells. In 2014, the FDA approved blinatumomab, a TCE directed to CD3 and CD19 for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since then, numerous TCEs have been developed, allowing for treating different hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. As of November 2023, seven clinically approved TCE therapies are on the market. TCE-based therapies still have their limitations; however, improving the properties of TCEs, as well as combining TCE-based therapies with other forms of treatment, give hope to find the cures for currently terminal diseases. In this paper, we summarized the technical basis of the TCE technology, its application in hematology, and its current issues and prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Cells Expressing the DG42 Gene from Early Xenopus embryos Synthesize Hyaluronan
- Author
-
Meyer, Michael F. and Kreil, Günther
- Published
- 1996
15. Grading Multiple Choice Exams with Low-Cost and Portable Computer-Vision Techniques
- Author
-
Fisteus, Jesus Arias, Pardo, Abelardo, and García, Norberto Fernández
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A decade of GigaScience: What can be learned from half a million RRIDs in the scientific literature?
- Author
-
Bandrowski, Anita
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC literature ,SOFTWARE development tools ,CELL lines - Abstract
Research resource identifiers (RRIDs) are persistent unique identifiers for scientific resources used to conduct studies such as reagents and tools. Inclusion of these identifiers into the scientific literature has been demonstrated to improve the reproducibility of papers because resources, like antibodies, are easier to find, making methods easier to reproduce. RRIDs also dramatically reduce the use of problematic resources, such as contaminated cell lines. The addition of RRIDs into a manuscript means that authors have to look up information that they may have previously omitted or confront information about problems that may have been reported about their resources. The use of RRIDs is primarily driven by champion journals, such as GigaScience and others. Although still nascent, this practice lays important groundwork for citation types that can cover non-traditional scholarly output, such as software tools and key reagents; giving authors of various types of tools scholarly credit for their contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM SERRATIA RUBIDAEA AND ITS CYTOTOXICITY ON LUNG CANCER CELL LINE-NCI-H69.
- Author
-
Renukadevi, K. P., Angayarkanni, J., and Karunakaran, G.
- Subjects
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES ,CELL-mediated cytotoxicity ,LUNG cancer ,CELL lines ,PAPER chromatography - Abstract
The present study was carried out on Lipopolysaccride from Serratia rubidaea followed by its partial purification, characterization, evaluation of its Cytotoxicity on Lung Cancer Cell Line. LPS was extracted from Serratia rubidaea and detected by the addition of Schiff's reagent. The various subgroups such as 2-KDO, uronic acid and 4-amino arabinose were detected by paper chromatography and the subgroups such as Lipid A and free amino groups were detected by Thin layer chromatography. Partial purification of the extracted LPS was done by SDS-PAGE in which bands were obtained in ladder like patterns. The presence of fatty acids, esters, phosphates in LPS of S.rubidaea were revealed by GC-MS analysis. LPS was found to exhibit cytotoxicity on the lung cancer cell line NCI-H69. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
18. Network-driven cancer cell avatars for combination discovery and biomarker identification for DNA damage response inhibitors.
- Author
-
Papp, Orsolya, Jordán, Viktória, Hetey, Szabolcs, Balázs, Róbert, Kaszás, Valér, Bartha, Árpád, Ordasi, Nóra N., Kamp, Sebestyén, Farkas, Bálint, Mettetal, Jerome, Dry, Jonathan R., Young, Duncan, Sidders, Ben, Bulusu, Krishna C., and Veres, Daniel V.
- Subjects
DNA repair ,BIOCOMPLEXITY ,CANCER cells ,CELL lines ,AVATARS (Virtual reality) - Abstract
Combination therapy is well established as a key intervention strategy for cancer treatment, with the potential to overcome monotherapy resistance and deliver a more durable efficacy. However, given the scale of unexplored potential target space and the resulting combinatorial explosion, identifying efficacious drug combinations is a critical unmet need that is still evolving. In this paper, we demonstrate a network biology-driven, simulation-based solution, the Simulated Cell™. Integration of omics data with a curated signaling network enables the accurate and interpretable prediction of 66,348 combination-cell line pairs obtained from a large-scale combinatorial drug sensitivity screen of 684 combinations across 97 cancer cell lines (BAC = 0.62, AUC = 0.7). We highlight drug combination pairs that interact with DNA Damage Response pathways and are predicted to be synergistic, and deep network insight to identify biomarkers driving combination synergy. We demonstrate that the cancer cell 'avatars' capture the biological complexity of their in vitro counterparts, enabling the identification of pathway-level mechanisms of combination benefit to guide clinical translatability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Molecular Hybrid Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, In Silico ADME and Molecular Docking Studies of New Benzoate Ester-Linked Arylsulfonyl Hydrazones.
- Author
-
Ergan, Erdem, Çakmak, Reşit, Başaran, Eyüp, Mali, Suraj N., Akkoc, Senem, and Annadurai, Sivakumar
- Subjects
CELL lines ,MOLECULAR docking ,CYTOTOXINS ,CHEMICAL synthesis ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,HYDRAZONE derivatives - Abstract
In this paper, we present the synthesis and characterization of two known sulfonyl hydrazides (1 and 2) and their new sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives (9–20), as well as in vitro and in silico investigations of their cytotoxic properties against human lung (A549) and human breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. The target compounds (9–20) obtained in high yields were synthesized for the first time by a multi-step reaction, and their structures were confirmed by elemental analysis and various spectral techniques, including FT-IR,
1 H-, and13 C-NMR. The antiproliferative profiles of these compounds (1, 2, and 9–20) in this study were determined at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, and 25 µM against selected cancer cell lines for 72 h using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Except for compounds 1 and 2, other compounds (9–20) demonstrated cytotoxic activity at concentrations lower than 200 µM. The newly synthesized compounds (9–20) demonstrated antiproliferative activities at a micromolar level, with IC50 values in the range of 29.59–176.70 μM for the A549 cell line and 27.70–170.30 μM for the MCF-7 cell line. Among these compounds, compound 15 (IC50 = 29.59 μM against A549 cell line and IC50 = 27.70 μM against MCF-7 cell line) showed the highest cytotoxic activity against these two cancer cell lines compared to the reference drug cisplatin (IC50 = 22.42 μM against A549 cell line and IC50 = 18.01 μM against MCF-7 cell line). From docking simulations, to establish a plausible binding mode of compounds, we noticed that compound 15 demonstrated the highest affinity (−6.8508 kcal/mol) for estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) compared to others, suggesting promising ERbeta binding potential. Most compounds followed Lipinski's rule of five, with acceptable logP values. Additionally, all had mixed gastrointestinal absorption and limited blood–brain barrier permeability. Overall, our study proposed new sulfonyl hydrazones as a potential class of anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Correction: The BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 augments the antitumor efficacy of abemaciclib in preclinical models of gastric carcinoma.
- Author
-
Feng, Mei, Xu, Hao, Zhou, Wenyuan, and Pan, Yisheng
- Subjects
STOMACH cancer ,ANIMAL models in research ,GENTIAN violet ,CELL lines ,CELL cycle - Abstract
This document is a correction notice for an article titled "The BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 augments the antitumor efficacy of abemaciclib in preclinical models of gastric carcinoma." The authors identified minor errors in the image-typesetting in Figure 3 of the original article. The image for the NCI-N87 cell line in Figure 3C was mistakenly included, and the corresponding statistical analysis for NCI-N87 in Figure 3D needs to be corrected. The corrected figure has been provided, and the correction does not affect the results or conclusions of the paper. The correction notice is authored by Mei Feng, Hao Xu, Wenyuan Zhou, and Yisheng Pan. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. ENO2, a Glycolytic Enzyme, Contributes to Prostate Cancer Metastasis: A Systematic Review of Literature.
- Author
-
Zhou, Yuhan, Zeng, Feier, Richards, Gareth Owain, and Wang, Ning
- Subjects
ENZYME metabolism ,OSTEOBLAST metabolism ,RISK assessment ,CASTRATION-resistant prostate cancer ,GLYCOLYSIS ,PROSTATE tumors ,ENZYMES ,METASTASIS ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,GENE expression ,CELL lines ,NEUROENDOCRINE tumors ,ONLINE information services ,TUMOR classification ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Simple Summary: This paper reviews the role of ENO2, a protein involved in sugar metabolism, in advanced prostate cancer. Analysing five studies, we found that ENO2 levels tend to be higher in aggressive forms of prostate cancer, particularly those that have spread or become resistant to hormone therapy. This increased presence might be linked to how prostate cancer cells change their energy production as the disease progresses, shifting to rely more on sugar breakdown in advanced stages. The study also suggests that ENO2 can be influenced by the tumour's environment, such as low hormone levels or the presence of bone cells, which is relevant, as prostate cancer often spreads to bones. While not proving a direct causal relationship, the research indicates that ENO2 could be an important marker for aggressive disease and potentially a target for future treatments, warranting further investigation into its role in prostate cancer progression, especially in bone metastasis. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the UK and the fifth worldwide. The presence of distant PCa metastasis can reduce the 5-year survival rate from 100% to approximately 30%. Enolase 2 (ENO2), a crucial glycolytic enzyme in cancer metabolism, is associated with the metastasis of multiple cancers and is also used as a marker for neuroendocrine tumours. However, its role in PCa metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we systematically reviewed the current literature to determine the association between ENO2 and metastatic PCa. Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for eligible studies. The search yielded five studies assessing ENO2 expression in PCa patients or cell lines. The three human studies suggested that ENO2 expression is correlated with late-stage, aggressive PCa, including castrate-resistant PCa (CRPC), metastatic CRPC, and neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC). This was further supported by two in vitro studies indicating that ENO2 expression can be regulated by the tumour microenvironment, such as androgen deprived conditions and the presence of bone-forming osteoblasts. Therefore, ENO2 may functionally contribute to PCa metastasis, possibly due to the unique metabolic features of PCa, which are glycolysis dependent only at the advanced metastatic stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Reproducibility analysis of bioimpedance-based self-developed live cell assays.
- Author
-
Vizvari, Zoltan, Gyorfi, Nina, Maczko, Gergo, Varga, Reka, Jakabfi-Csepregi, Rita, Sari, Zoltan, Furedi, Andras, Bajtai, Eszter, Vajda, Flora, Tadic, Vladimir, Odry, Peter, Karadi, Zoltan, and Toth, Attila
- Subjects
CANCER stem cells ,CELL lines ,APPROPRIATE technology ,CELL culture - Abstract
Bioimpedance spectrum (BIS) measurements have a great future in in vitro experiments, meeting all the requirements for non-destructive and label-free methods. Nevertheless, a real basic research can provide the necessary milestones to achieve the success of the method. In this paper a self-developed technology-based approach for in vitro assays is proposed. Authors invented a special graphene-based measuring plate in order to assess the high sensitivity and reproducibility of introduced technique. The design of the self-produced BIS plates maximizes the detection capacity of qualitative changes in cell culture and it is robust against physical effects and artifacts. The plates do not influence the viability and proliferation, however the results are robust, stable and reproducible regardless of when and where the experiments are carried out. In this study, physiological saline concentrations, two cancer and stem cell lines were utilized. All the results were statistically tested and confirmed. The findings of the assays show, that the introduced BIS technology is appropriate to be used in vitro experiments with high efficacy. The experimental results demonstrate high correlation values across the replicates, and the model parameters suggested that the characteristic differences among the various cell lines can be detected using appropriate hypothesis tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Predicting single-cell cellular responses to perturbations using cycle consistency learning.
- Author
-
Huang, Wei and Liu, Hui
- Subjects
SOURCE code ,CELL lines ,PHARMACODYNAMICS ,PROTEOMICS ,AXIOMS ,DEEP learning - Abstract
Summary Phenotype-based drug screening emerges as a powerful approach for identifying compounds that actively interact with cells. Transcriptional and proteomic profiling of cell lines and individual cells provide insights into the cellular state alterations that occur at the molecular level in response to external perturbations, such as drugs or genetic manipulations. In this paper, we propose cycleCDR, a novel deep learning framework to predict cellular response to external perturbations. We leverage the autoencoder to map the unperturbed cellular states to a latent space, in which we postulate the effects of drug perturbations on cellular states follow a linear additive model. Next, we introduce the cycle consistency constraints to ensure that unperturbed cellular state subjected to drug perturbation in the latent space would produces the perturbed cellular state through the decoder. Conversely, removal of perturbations from the perturbed cellular states can restore the unperturbed cellular state. The cycle consistency constraints and linear modeling in the latent space enable to learn transferable representations of external perturbations, so that our model can generalize well to unseen drugs during training stage. We validate our model on four different types of datasets, including bulk transcriptional responses, bulk proteomic responses, and single-cell transcriptional responses to drug/gene perturbations. The experimental results demonstrate that our model consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, indicating our method is highly versatile and applicable to a wide range of scenarios. Availability and implementation The source code is available at: https://github.com/hliulab/cycleCDR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity Increases Cisplatin Efficacy to Eliminate Metastatic Cells in Pediatric Liver Cancers.
- Author
-
Gulati, Ruhi, Fleifil, Yasmeen, Jennings, Katherine, Bondoc, Alex, Tiao, Greg, Geller, James, Timchenko, Lubov, and Timchenko, Nikolai
- Subjects
RISK assessment ,CISPLATIN ,CANCER relapse ,CANCER ,ENZYME inhibitors ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,NEURONS ,CELL proliferation ,DISEASE eradication ,HEPATOBLASTOMA ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,METASTASIS ,CELL lines ,FIBROBLASTS ,DRUG efficacy ,HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma ,HISTONE deacetylase ,PHARMACODYNAMICS ,DISEASE risk factors ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Simple Summary: Patients with pediatric liver cancers hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma very often develop lung metastases. These cancers can present with lung metastases and are at higher risk of relapse. Although cisplatin is very effective at clearing lung metastases, they can still relapse. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of lung metastases in patients with pediatric liver cancers. In this paper, we show that the metastatic microenvironment of HBL and HCC patients contains a heterogeneous cell population that formed tumor clusters. We found that both fresh primary tumors and generated primary cell cultures had increased the expression of HDAC1, a histone deacetylase, and the transcription factor Sp5. Sp5 and HDAC1 work in tandem by transporting HDAC1 to the promoters of genes and changing their expression. We analyzed the effects of the HDAC inhibitor, SAHA, on the metastasis-initiating cells in combination with cisplatin. We found that HDAC inhibition increases the efficacy of cisplatin to eliminate these metastasis-initiating cells. The pediatric liver cancers, hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, are dangerous cancers which often spread to the lungs. Although treatments with cisplatin significantly improve outcomes, cisplatin may not eliminate metastasis-initiating cells. Our group has recently shown that the metastatic microenvironments of hepatoblastoma contain Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and neuron-like cells, which initiate cancer spread from liver to lungs. In this study, we found that these cells express high levels of HDAC1; therefore, we examined if histone deacetylase inhibition improves cisplatin anti-proliferative effects and reduces the formation of tumor clusters in pediatric liver cancer metastatic microenvironments. Methods: New cell lines were generated from primary hepatoblastoma liver tumors (hbl) and lung metastases (LM) of HBL patients. In addition, cell lines were generated from hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN-NOS) tumor samples, and hcc cell lines. Hbl, LM and hcc cells were treated with cisplatin, SAHA or in combination. The effect of these drugs on the number of cells, formation of tumor clusters and HDAC1-Sp5-p21 axis were examined. Results: Both HBL and HCC tissue specimens have increased HDAC1-Sp5 pathway activation, recapitulated in cell lines generated from the tumors. HDAC inhibition with vorinostat (SAHA) increases cisplatin efficacy to eliminate CAFs in hbl and in hcc cell lines. Although the neuron-like cells survive the combined treatments, proliferation was inhibited. Notably, combining SAHA with cisplatin overcame cisplatin resistance in an LM cell line from an aggressive case with multiple metastases. Underlying mechanisms of this enhanced inhibition include suppression of the HDAC1-Sp5 pathway and elevation of an inhibitor of proliferation p21. Similar findings were found with gemcitabine treatments suggesting that elimination of proliferative CAFs cells is a key event in the inhibition of mitotic microenvironment. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate the synergistic benefits of HDAC inhibition and cisplatin to eliminate metastasis-initiating cells in pediatric liver cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Shuttling of Peptide‐Drug Conjugates by G Protein‐Coupled Receptors Is Significantly Improved by Pulsed Application
- Author
-
Annette G. Beck-Sickinger, Paul Hoppenz, Isabelle Ziffert, Anette Kaiser, and Karin Mörl
- Subjects
neuropeptide Y ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Peptide ,cell lines ,Ligands ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biosynthesis ,law ,Very Important Paper ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,cancer ,Humans ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Receptor ,Internalization ,media_common ,G protein-coupled receptor ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,shuttling ,Drug Carriers ,Arrestin ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Full Paper ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Full Papers ,Ligand (biochemistry) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Receptors, Neuropeptide Y ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,HEK293 Cells ,Targeted drug delivery ,chemistry ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,drug delivery ,Recombinant DNA ,Biophysics ,Molecular Medicine ,Protein Binding - Abstract
G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be used to shuttle peptide‐drug conjugates into cells. But, for efficient therapy, a high concentration of cargo needs to be delivered. To explore this, we studied the pharmacologically interesting neuropeptide Y1 receptor (Y1R) in one recombinant and three oncogenic cell systems that endogenously express the receptor. We demonstrate that recycled receptors behave identically to newly synthesized receptors with respect to ligand binding and internalization pathways. Depending on the cell system, biosynthesis, recycling efficiency, and peptide uptake differ partially, but shuttling was efficient in all systems. However, by comparing continuous application of the ligand for four hours to four cycles of internalization and recycling in between, a significantly higher amount of peptide uptake was achieved in the pulsed application (150–250 % to 300–400 %). Accordingly, in this well‐suited drug shuttle system pulsed application is superior under all investigated conditions and should be considered for innovative, targeted drug delivery in general., The sensitive equilibrium of receptor activation and desensitization is complex, and detailed knowledge is required for applications that use GPCRs as a shuttle system for intracellular drug delivery. As Y1R is overexpressed in various cancer subtypes, its shuttling capacity was quantitatively examined in diverse cell systems and by different methods to exploit its natural ligand‐induced endocytosis for targeted therapy.
- Published
- 2020
26. Centrioles at the Checkpoint
- Author
-
Murray, Andrew W.
- Published
- 2001
27. Correction to PV1 downregulation via shRNA inhibits the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts.
- Subjects
XENOGRAFTS ,DOWNREGULATION ,ADENOCARCINOMA ,CELL lines - Abstract
A correction has been made to an article titled "Correction to PV1 downregulation via shRNA inhibits the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts." The correction involves an error in the assembly of panel 4A in Figure 4, which has been corrected. Additionally, there is a removal of data obtained with the BxPC-3 cell line from the article due to uncertainty about its publication in another paper. However, this removal does not affect the conclusions of the paper. The corrections also include changes to the abstract, methods, results, and discussion sections of the article. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Mutation of SPINOPHILIN (PPP1R9B) found in human tumors promotes the tumorigenic and stemness properties of cells
- Author
-
Daniel Otero-Albiol, Sandra Muñoz-Galván, Eva M. Verdugo-Sivianes, Amancio Carnero, Ana M. Rojas, [Verdugo-Sivianes,EM, Muñoz-Galván,S, Otero-Albiol,D, Carnero,AS] Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain. [Verdugo-Sivianes,EM, Carnero,AS] CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Rojas,AM] Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain., This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2018, a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y al Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE): RTI2018-097455-B-I00 and RTI2018-096735-B-I00grant from AEI-MICIU/FEDER (RED2018-102723-T), from CIBER de Cáncer (CB16/12/00275), co-funded by FEDER from Regional Development European Funds (European Union), from Consejeria de Salud (PI-0397-2017) and Consejeria of Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad of the Junta de Andalucia (P18-RT-2501). Special thanks are also due to the Fundacion AECC and Fundacion Eugenio Rodriguez Pascual for supporting this work., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (España), Junta de Andalucía, Fundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, and Fundación Eugenio Rodríguez Pascual
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Anatomy::Cells::Cells, Cultured::Cell Line::Cell Line, Tumor [Medical Subject Headings] ,Proteína de retinoblastoma ,Carcinogenesis ,Mutant ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Anatomy::Cells::Stem Cells::Neoplastic Stem Cells [Medical Subject Headings] ,medicine.disease_cause ,environment and public health ,Retinoblastoma Protein ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,pRB ,Anatomy::Cells::Cells, Cultured::Cell Line [Medical Subject Headings] ,stem cell phenotype ,Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Nerve Tissue Proteins [Medical Subject Headings] ,Protein Phosphatase 1 ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings] ,Proteína fosfatasa 1 ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Evaluation Studies as Topic::Drug Evaluation, Preclinical::Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor::Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays [Medical Subject Headings] ,Phosphorylation ,Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Phosphorylation [Medical Subject Headings] ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Cycle [Medical Subject Headings] ,Cell Line, Transformed ,Mutation ,Chemicals and Drugs::Macromolecular Substances::Polymers::Biopolymers::Microfilament Proteins [Medical Subject Headings] ,Retinoblastoma ,Línea celular ,Microfilament Proteins ,Proteína 1 de unión a retinoblastoma ,Cell cycle ,Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplastic Processes::Carcinogenesis [Medical Subject Headings] ,PP1 ,Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Cycle::Cell Cycle Checkpoints::G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Neoplasm Proteins::Tumor Suppressor Proteins::Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 [Medical Subject Headings] ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Anatomy::Cells::Cells, Cultured::Cell Line::Cell Line, Transformed [Medical Subject Headings] ,Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Eye Neoplasms::Retinal Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings] ,SPINOPHILIN ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Neoplasias de la mama ,Neoplastic Stem Cells ,Cell lines ,Female ,biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity ,Research Paper ,Signal Transduction ,Carcinogénesis ,cancer stem cell ,animal structures ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings] ,Stem cell phenotype ,Mice, Nude ,Breast Neoplasms ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,macromolecular substances ,Biology ,Resting Phase, Cell Cycle ,Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Neoplasm Proteins::Tumor Suppressor Proteins::Retinoblastoma Protein [Medical Subject Headings] ,Dephosphorylation ,Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Esterases::Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases::Phosphoprotein Phosphatases::Protein Phosphatase 1 [Medical Subject Headings] ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cancer stem cell ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Breast Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings] ,Células madre neoplásicas ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Mice [Medical Subject Headings] ,Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Signal Transduction [Medical Subject Headings] ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Mice::Mice, Mutant Strains::Mice, Nude [Medical Subject Headings] ,pocket proteins ,medicine.disease ,G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Gene Expression Regulation::Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic [Medical Subject Headings] ,enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates) ,tumorigenesis ,030104 developmental biology ,Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings] ,Tumor progression ,Cell culture ,Retinoblastoma protein ,Tumorigenesis ,Cancer research ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,Pocket proteins ,Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Holoenzymes [Medical Subject Headings] - Abstract
[Rationale] SPINOPHILIN (SPN, PPP1R9B) is an important tumor suppressor involved in the progression and malignancy of different tumors depending on its association with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and the ability of the PP1-SPN holoenzyme to dephosphorylate retinoblastoma (pRB)., [Methods] We performed a mutational analysis of SPN in human tumors, focusing on the region of interaction with PP1 and pRB. We explored the effect of the SPN-A566V mutation in an immortalized non-tumorigenic cell line of epithelial breast tissue, MCF10A, and in two different p53-mutated breast cancer cells lines, T47D and MDA-MB-468., [Results] We characterized an oncogenic mutation of SPN found in human tumor samples, SPN-A566V, that affects both the SPN-PP1 interaction and its phosphatase activity. The SPN-A566V mutation does not affect the interaction of the PP1-SPN holoenzyme with pocket proteins pRB, p107 and p130, but it affects its ability to dephosphorylate them during G0/G1 and G1, indicating that the PP1-SPN holoenzyme regulates cell cycle progression. SPN-A566V also promoted stemness, establishing a connection between the cell cycle and stem cell biology via pocket proteins and PP1-SPN regulation. However, only cells with both SPN-A566V and mutant p53 have increased tumorigenic and stemness properties., [Conclusions] SPN-A566V, or other equivalent mutations, could be late events that promote tumor progression by increasing the CSC pool and, eventually, the malignant behavior of the tumor., This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2018, a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y al Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE): RTI2018-097455-B-I00 and RTI2018-096735-B-I00 grant from AEI-MICIU/FEDER (RED2018-102723-T); from CIBER de Cáncer (CB16/12/00275), co-funded by FEDER from Regional Development European Funds (European Union); from Consejeria de Salud (PI-0397-2017) and Consejeria of Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad of the Junta de Andalucia (P18-RT-2501). Special thanks are also due to the Fundacion AECC and Fundacion Eugenio Rodriguez Pascual for supporting this work.
- Published
- 2021
29. Jacalin-Curcumin Complex Sensitizes the Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cell Line.
- Author
-
Petrova, Lidiya, Gergov, Nikolay, Stoup, Marie, Zapryanova, Silvina, Van Damme, Els J. M., Lebègue, Nicolas, Liberelle, Maxime, Zasheva, Diana, and Bogoeva, Vanya
- Subjects
CANCER cells ,TRIPLE-negative breast cancer ,BREAST cancer ,CELL lines ,CELL physiology ,BREAST - Abstract
Protein–drug interactions are crucial for understanding drug delivery and cell functions. Jacalin is a suitable molecule for such targeting, as it specifically recognizes the tumor-associated Thomsen–Friedenreich (TF) antigen that is expressed on the glycosylated proteins in cancer cells. The present paper describes the interaction of curcumin and jacalin, a possible carrier molecule for the delivery of antitumor drugs due to its ability to recognize tumor cells. Our results have shown that both steady-state fluorescence and fluorescent labelling of jacalin are two reliable methods to determine jacalin-curcumin interactions. The affinity of jacalin for curcumin is consistently within the micromolar range (using fluorescence and microscale thermophoresis) showing high-affinity binding of the complex. In vitro experiments on triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells indicated inhibition of cell growth after treating with the jacalin-curcumin complex for 48 h. The cell survival fraction was significantly reduced to 50% after combined treatment. In this paper, we report for the first time about the jacalin-curcumin interaction. We quantified this unique biomolecular interaction and gathered additional information on the binding event. We observed that the jacalin-curcumin complex inhibits the proliferation of the triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Presence and stability of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental currency and money cards in Utah reveals a lack of live virus
- Author
-
Colleen R. Newey, Abigail T. Olausson, Alyssa Applegate, Ann-Aubrey Reid, Richard A. Robison, and Julianne H. Grose
- Subjects
RNA viruses ,Paper ,Viral Diseases ,SARS coronavirus ,Coronaviruses ,Economics ,Epidemiology ,Science ,viruses ,Cell Lines ,Social Sciences ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Medical Conditions ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Utah ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,Animals ,Colorimetric Assays ,Vero Cells ,Pandemics ,Pathology and laboratory medicine ,Virus Testing ,Medicine and health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Biology and life sciences ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Organisms ,Viral pathogens ,COVID-19 ,Covid 19 ,Medical microbiology ,Microbial pathogens ,Bioassays and Physiological Analysis ,Infectious Diseases ,Public Finance ,Fomites ,Viruses ,Money Supply and Banking ,Medicine ,Biological Cultures ,SARS CoV 2 ,Pathogens ,Biochemical Analysis ,Plastics ,Finance ,Research Article - Abstract
The highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2 has led to several studies on the transmission of the virus. A little studied potential fomite of great concern in the community is currency, which has been shown to harbor microbial pathogens in several studies. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many businesses in the United States have limited the use of banknotes in favor of credit cards. However, SARS-CoV-2 has shown greater stability on plastic in several studies. Herein, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 at room temperature on banknotes, money cards and coins was investigated. In vitro studies with live virus suggested SARS-CoV-2 was highly unstable on banknotes, showing an initial rapid reduction in viable virus and no viral detection by 24 hours. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 displayed increased stability on money cards with live virus detected after 48 hours. Environmental swabbing of currency and money cards on and near the campus of Brigham Young University supported these results, with no detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on banknotes, and a low level on money cards. However, no viable virus was detected on either. These preliminary results suggest that the use of money cards over banknotes in order to slow the spread of this virus may be ill-advised. These findings should be investigated further through larger environmental studies involving more locations.
- Published
- 2022
31. THE LINE IS FINE
- Author
-
Diebes, Joe
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Combined SERS-Raman screening of HER2-overexpressing or silenced breast cancer cell lines.
- Author
-
Spaziani, Sara, Esposito, Alessandro, Barisciano, Giovannina, Quero, Giuseppe, Elumalai, Satheeshkumar, Leo, Manuela, Colantuoni, Vittorio, Mangini, Maria, Pisco, Marco, Sabatino, Lina, De Luca, Anna Chiara, and Cusano, Andrea
- Subjects
BREAST ,RNA interference ,BREAST cancer ,EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors ,CANCER cells ,CELL lines ,MAMMOGRAMS - Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous neoplasm characterized by several subtypes. One of the most aggressive with high metastasis rates presents overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). A quantitative evaluation of HER2 levels is essential for a correct diagnosis, selection of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy and monitoring the response to therapy. Results: In this paper, we propose the synergistic use of SERS and Raman technologies for the identification of HER2 expressing cells and its accurate assessment. To this end, we selected SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines, which have the highest and lowest HER2 expression, respectively, and MCF10A, a non-tumorigenic cell line from normal breast epithelium for comparison. The combined approach provides a quantitative estimate of HER2 expression and visualization of its distribution on the membrane at single cell level, clearly identifying cancer cells. Moreover, it provides a more comprehensive picture of the investigated cells disclosing a metabolic signature represented by an elevated content of proteins and aromatic amino acids. We further support these data by silencing the HER2 gene in SKBR3 cells, using the RNA interference technology, generating stable clones further analysed with the same combined methodology. Significant changes in HER2 expression are detected at single cell level before and after HER2 silencing and the HER2 status correlates with variations of fatty acids and downstream signalling molecule contents in the context of the general metabolic rewiring occurring in cancer cells. Specifically, HER2 silencing does reduce the growth ability but not the lipid metabolism that, instead, increases, suggesting that higher fatty acids biosynthesis and metabolism can occur independently of the proliferating potential tied to HER2 overexpression. Conclusions: Our results clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the combined SERS and Raman approach to definitely pose a correct diagnosis, further supported by the data obtained by the HER2 gene silencing. Furthermore, they pave the way to a new approach to monitor the efficacy of pharmacologic treatments with the aim to tailor personalized therapies and optimize patients' outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Anticancer Application of Delivery Systems for Honokiol and Magnolol.
- Author
-
Dominiak, Katarzyna, Gostyńska, Aleksandra, Szulc, Michał, and Stawny, Maciej
- Subjects
IN vitro studies ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,DRUG delivery systems ,IN vivo studies ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,PLANT extracts ,BARK ,CELL lines ,NANOTECHNOLOGY ,MOLECULAR structure ,ORGANIC compounds ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Simple Summary: The rising incidence of cancer is a major threat to patients and healthcare services worldwide. It is therefore important to search for novel therapies and new drugs. Honokiol, found in the bark of the magnolia tree, has many properties, including anticancer activity. However, its potential use is limited due to its poor solubility in water. The present study aimed to review the available studies using modern delivery systems for honokiol and determine their anticancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the effectiveness of treatment is consistently not at a satisfactory level. This review thoroughly examines the present knowledge and perspectives of honokiol (HON) in cancer therapeutics. The paper synthesizes critical insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed anticancer effects, emphasizing both in vitro and in vivo studies. The effects of HON application, primarily in the common types of cancers, are presented. Because the therapeutic potential of HON may be limited by its physicochemical properties, appropriate delivery systems are sought to overcome this problem. This review discusses the effect of different nanotechnology-based delivery systems on the efficiency of HON. The data presented show that HON exhibits anticancer effects and can be successfully administered to the site of action. Honokiol exerts its anticancer activity through several mechanisms. Moreover, some authors used the combinations of classical anticancer drugs with HON. Such an approach is very interesting and worth further investigation. Understanding HON's multiple molecular mechanisms would provide valuable insights into how HON might be developed as an effective therapeutic. Therefore, further research is needed to explore its specific applications and optimize its efficacy in diverse cancer types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. PCNEO, a New Proficiency Testing Program for Flow Cytometric Analysis of Plasma Cell Neoplasms From the College of American Pathologists Diagnostic Immunology and Flow Cytometry Committee.
- Author
-
Dorfman, David M., Devitt, Katherine A., Wei Cui, Bashleben, Christine, Naharro, Elena C. Frye, Hedley, Benjamin, Hupp, Meghan, Karlon, William J., Murphy, Claire E., Cherian, Sindhu, Olteanu, Horatiu, Seifert, Robert P., Rosado, Flavia N., and Linden, Michael A.
- Subjects
- *
FLOW cytometry , *MULTIPLE myeloma , *ACADEMIC medical centers , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN light chains , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *CELL lines , *PERIPHERAL circulation , *ANTIGENS , *CYTOPLASM , *MEDICAL laboratories , *QUALITY assurance , *CASE studies , *STAINS & staining (Microscopy) , *PLASMACYTOMA - Abstract
Context.--In 2018 the College of American Pathologists Diagnostic Immunology and Flow Cytometry Committee designed and implemented a new plasma cell neoplasia flow cytometry proficiency testing program--PCNEO--to allow clinical flow cytometry laboratories to monitor and assess their performance compared with a peer group. Objective.--To report the results from the first 4 years of the PCNEO program. Design.--Program participants were sent 2 sets of challenges per year, each including 1 wet challenge and 2 dry challenges, with associated clinical and laboratory findings. The wet challenges were composed of myeloma cell line specimens (with or without dilution in preserved whole blood) for flow cytometric analysis. The dry (paper) challenges were composed of clinical case summaries and images of flow cytometric test results from various flow cytometry laboratories of committee members. Results.--A total of 116 to 145 laboratories from 17 countries enrolled in the proficiency testing program. For the wet challenges, almost all participants (97%--100%; cumulative, 98.2%) correctly identified the presence of neoplastic plasma cell populations based on flow cytometric analysis of undiluted myeloma cell lines. Slightly fewer participants (89.0%--97.4%; cumulative, 95.2%) correctly identified the presence of neoplastic plasma cell populations based on flow cytometric analysis of diluted myeloma cell lines (10% or 50% dilutions into peripheral blood) intended to better represent a typical clinical sample. There was generally agreement among 80% or more of participants for positive or negative staining for CD38, CD138, CD19, CD20, and surface and cytoplasmic K and λ light chains. Similarly, 84% to 100% of participants were able to correctly identify the presence of neoplastic plasma cell populations in paper challenges, including the presence of small, neoplastic plasma cell populations (0.01%--5.0% clonal plasma cells) and the presence of nonneoplastic plasma cell populations (correctly identified by 91%--96% of participants). Conclusions.--Participant performance in the new proficiency testing program was excellent overall, with the vast majority of participants able to perform flow cytometric analysis and identify neoplastic plasma cell populations and to identify small plasma cell clones or expanded populations of reactive plasma cells in dry challenge flow cytometry results. This program will allow laboratories to verify the accuracy of their testing program and test interpretations for the assessment of patients suspected of having a plasma cell neoplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Effects of KEAP1 Silencing on NRF2 and NOTCH Pathways in SCLC Cell Lines.
- Author
-
Fabrizio, Federico Pio, Sparaneo, Angelo, Gorgoglione, Giusy, Battista, Pierpaolo, Centra, Flavia, Delli Muti, Francesco, Trombetta, Domenico, Centonza, Antonella, Graziano, Paolo, Rossi, Antonio, Fazio, Vito Michele, and Muscarella, Lucia Anna
- Subjects
TREATMENT of lung tumors ,PROTEINS ,DRUG resistance in cancer cells ,CISPLATIN ,RESEARCH funding ,EPIGENOMICS ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,GENES ,CELL lines ,ETOPOSIDE ,LUNG tumors ,CARCINOGENESIS ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Simple Summary: The role of neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH1)- and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-related pathways is highly heterogeneous in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and, when they are both abnormally activated, they can synergistically cause neoplastic proliferation. In this paper, we investigate the possible role of KEAP1 silencing in NRF2 and NOTCH axis deregulation in SCLC by evaluating its impact on the modulation of cellular defense systems, cell growth, and differentiation. We also investigate the impact of these systems' impairment in response to conventional chemotherapies and NOTCH inhibitors in silenced SCLC cell lines with different Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) alterations. The KEAP1/NRF2 pathway is a master regulator of several redox-sensitive genes implicated in the resistance of tumor cells against therapeutic drugs. The dysfunction of the KEAP1/NRF2 system has been correlated with neoplastic patients' outcomes and responses to conventional therapies. In lung tumors, the growth and the progression of cancer cells may also involve the intersection between the molecular NRF2/KEAP1 axis and other pathways, including NOTCH, with implications for antioxidant protection, survival of cancer cells, and drug resistance to therapies. At present, the data concerning the mechanism of aberrant NRF2/NOTCH crosstalk as well as its genetic and epigenetic basis in SCLC are incomplete. To better clarify this point and elucidate the contribution of NRF2/NOTCH crosstalk deregulation in tumorigenesis of SCLC, we investigated genetic and epigenetic dysfunctions of the KEAP1 gene in a subset of SCLC cell lines. Moreover, we assessed its impact on SCLC cells' response to conventional chemotherapies (etoposide, cisplatin, and their combination) and NOTCH inhibitor treatments using DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI). We demonstrated that the KEAP1/NRF2 axis is epigenetically controlled in SCLC cell lines and that silencing of KEAP1 by siRNA induced the upregulation of NRF2 with a consequent increase in SCLC cells' chemoresistance under cisplatin and etoposide treatment. Moreover, KEAP1 modulation also interfered with NOTCH1, HES1, and DLL3 transcription. Our preliminary data provide new insights about the downstream effects of KEAP1 dysfunction on NRF2 and NOTCH deregulation in this type of tumor and corroborate the hypothesis of a cooperation of these two pathways in the tumorigenesis of SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Ultrastructural Changes of Neuroendocrine Pheochromocytoma Cell Line PC-12 Exposed In Vitro to Rotenone.
- Author
-
Belli, Manuel, Cristina, Mario, Calabrese, Valeria, Russo, Marta, Granato, Marisa, Russo, Matteo Antonio, and Sansone, Luigi
- Subjects
ROTENONE ,NEUROENDOCRINE cells ,DOPAMINERGIC neurons ,CELL lines ,PARKINSON'S disease - Abstract
Rotenone is a pesticide used in research for its ability to induce changes similar, in vivo and in vitro, to those observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). This includes a selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism through which rotenone modifies structure and function of neurons remains unclear. The PC12 cells closely resemble dopamine terminal neurons. This makes it a preferred model for studying the morphology of central dopamine neurons and predicting neurotoxicity. In this paper, we investigated the effects of 0.5 µM rotenone for 24–48 h on PC12 cell viability and ultrastructure (TEM), trying to identify primary and more evident alterations that can be related to neuronal damages similar to that seen in animal PD models. Cell viability decreased after 24 h rotenone treatment, with a further decrease after 48 h. Ultrastructural changes included vacuolar degeneration, mitochondrial mild swelling, decrease in the number of neuropeptide granules, and the loss of cell-to-cell adhesion. These findings are in agreement with previous research suggesting that rotenone, by inhibiting energy production and increasing ROS generation, is responsible for significant alterations of the ultrastructure and cell death of PC12 cells. Our data confirm the link between rotenone exposure, neuronal damage, and changes in dopamine metabolism, suggesting its role in the pathogenesis of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Research Ethics and Lessons from Hwanggate: What Can We Learn from the Korean Cloning Fraud?
- Author
-
Saunders, R. and Savulescu, J.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Breakdown of the Year: Scientific Fraud
- Author
-
Couzin, Jennifer
- Published
- 2006
39. Forthcoming Papers.
- Subjects
- *
BIOCHEMISTRY , *PERIODICALS , *LIPID synthesis , *PROTEIN synthesis , *CELL lines , *GLYCOGEN synthesis - Abstract
Lists the titles of research papers to be published in the future issues of the "European Journal of Biochemistry." "Relationship between oligosaccharide-lipid synthesis and protein synthesis in mouse LM cells," by S.R. Grant and W.J. Lennarz; "Characterization of a cell line from Chinese Hamster Ovary Resistant to Uncoupler," by K.B. Freeman, et al; "The initiation of glycogen biosynthesis in rat heart," by M.L. Blumenfeld, et al.
- Published
- 1983
40. Cathepsin A inhibition attenuates myocardial infarction-induced heart failure on the functional and proteomic levels.
- Author
-
Petrera, Agnese, Gassenhuber, Johann, Ruf, Sven, Gunasekaran, Deepika, Esser, Jennifer, Shahinian, Jasmin Hasmik, Hübschle, Thomas, Rütten, Hartmut, Sadowski, Thorsten, and Schilling, Oliver
- Subjects
MYOCARDIAL infarction ,HEART failure ,CARBOXYPEPTIDASES ,ARTERIES ,CATHEPSINS ,MYOCARDIAL infarction complications ,THERAPEUTIC use of protease inhibitors ,ANIMAL experimentation ,ANIMALS ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,BIOLOGICAL models ,CELL lines ,HEART ventricles ,LIGATURE (Surgery) ,MICE ,PAPER chromatography ,PEPTIDES ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,RATS ,PROTEOMICS ,PROTEASE inhibitors ,CHEMICAL inhibitors ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of heart failure. The carboxypeptidase cathepsin A is a novel target in the treatment of cardiac failure. We aim to show that recently developed inhibitors of the protease cathepsin A attenuate post-MI heart failure.Methods: Mice were subjected to permanent left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation or sham operation. 24 h post-surgery, LAD-ligated animals were treated with daily doses of the cathepsin A inhibitor SAR1 or placebo. After 4 weeks, the three groups (sham, MI-placebo, MI-SAR1) were evaluated.Results: Compared to sham-operated animals, placebo-treated mice showed significantly impaired cardiac function and increased plasma BNP levels. Cathepsin A inhibition prevented the increase of plasma BNP levels and displayed a trend towards improved cardiac functionality. Proteomic profiling was performed for the three groups (sham, MI-placebo, MI-SAR1). More than 100 proteins were significantly altered in placebo-treated LAD ligation compared to the sham operation, including known markers of cardiac failure as well as extracellular/matricellular proteins. This ensemble constitutes a proteome fingerprint of myocardial infarction induced by LAD ligation in mice. Cathepsin A inhibitor treatment normalized the marked increase of the muscle stress marker CA3 as well as of Igγ 2b and fatty acid synthase. For numerous further proteins, cathepsin A inhibition partially dampened the LAD ligation-induced proteome alterations.Conclusions: Our proteomic and functional data suggest that cathepsin A inhibition has cardioprotective properties and support a beneficial effect of cathepsin A inhibition in the treatment of heart failure after myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. [Retracted] Chelerythrine chloride induces apoptosis in renal cancer HEK‑293 and SW‑839 cell lines.
- Author
-
Chen, Xiao-Meng, Zhang, Meng, Fan, Peng-Li, Qin, Yu-Hua, and Zhao, Hong-Wei
- Subjects
RENAL cancer ,CELL lines ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,APOLOGIZING ,RESEARCH institutes - Abstract
The article titled "[Retracted] Chelerythrine chloride induces apoptosis in renal cancer HEK-293 and SW-839 cell lines" was published in the journal Oncology Letters in 2016. However, it has since been retracted due to concerns raised by a reader regarding the similarity of certain western blotting data in Figure 4Ba to data previously published in another journal. The authors of the article requested the retraction, and the Editor decided to retract the paper due to a lack of confidence in the presented data. The Editor apologizes for any inconvenience caused. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Growth of Hybridoma Cells in Serum-Free Medium: Ethanolamine is an Essential Component
- Author
-
Murakami, Hiroki, Masui, Hideo, Sato, Gordon H., Sueoka, Noboru, Chow, Theresa P., and Kano-Sueoka, Tamiko
- Published
- 1982
43. Cytokinins: Metabolism and Biological Activity of $\text{N}^{6}$ -(Δ 2 -Isopentenyl)adenosine and $\text{N}^{6}$ -(Δ 2 -Isopentenyl)adenine in Tobacco Cells and Callus
- Author
-
Guern, Jean
- Published
- 1977
44. Undergraduate Mathematics for the Blind: Report on a Case Study
- Author
-
Grattan-Guinness, I. and Holliman, Paul
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Plasma of Argon Treatment of the Implant Surface, Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.
- Author
-
Carossa, Massimo, Cavagnetto, Davide, Mancini, Francesca, Mosca Balma, Alessandro, and Mussano, Federico
- Subjects
ARGON plasmas ,CELL culture ,CELL adhesion ,CELL growth ,BLUEGRASSES (Plants) ,CELL lines - Abstract
This paper aims to review the evidence of the cellular activity on titanium samples exposed to Plasma of Argon (PoA) treatment. A systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA statement by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus, up to October 2020. Papers were selected according to PICOS format that is: Population (P): osteoblasts, fibroblasts, gingival cells; Intervention (I): PoA disinfection treatment; Comparison (C): untreated controls; Outcome (O): cell culture; Setting (S): in vitro assays. The quality assessment was performed according to the CRIS Guidelines (Checklist for Reporting In vitro Studies). A total of 661 articles were found, of which 16 were included. The quality assessment revealed an overall poor quality of the studies analyzed. In vitro studies on the potential of PoA showed a potential effect in promoting higher cell adhesion and protein adsorption in the earliest times (hours). This outcome was not so evident when later stages of cell growth on the surfaces were tested and compared to the control groups. Only one study was conducted in vivo on a human sample regarding abutment cleaning. No meta-analysis was conducted because of the variety of experimental settings, mixed methods and different cell lines studied. PoA seems to be effective in promoting cell adhesion and protein adsorption. The duration of this effect remains unclear. Further evidence is required to demonstrate the long-term efficacy of the treatment and to support the use of PoA treatment in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Effects of Anesthetics on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Drug-Resistant Human Colon Cancer Cells.
- Author
-
Tang, Chunrong, Fu, Shengdan, She, Dongsheng, Zhou, Juan, Su, Weixia, and Zeng, Tao
- Subjects
COLON tumors ,ANESTHETICS ,APOPTOSIS ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,CELL proliferation ,CELL lines ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,DRUG resistance in cancer cells ,ALGORITHMS ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
In recent years, people's living standards are getting higher and higher, and life pressure is also increasing, and there are also many problems in eating habits. This is also the direct cause of colon cancer. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether anesthetic drugs could positively affect the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells. In this paper, the significance of anesthetic drugs is proposed, and an artificial neural network algorithm based on artificial intelligence is proposed. It is well known that artificial neural networks play an important role in medicine. The experimental results of this paper show that the incidence of colon cancer in 2020 will be in the range of 5%-35%, and the incidence of colon cancer in 2021 will be in the range of 7%-30%. While colon cancer rates in 2021 do not appear to be as high as colon cancer rates in 2020, they are generally much higher than colon cancer rates in 2020. It can be seen that as the population ages, the number of colon cancer patients is increasing due to the lack of emphasis on health. This also means that the incidence of colon cancer is getting higher and higher, and traditional drug chemotherapy has been unable to play a good role in inhibiting the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Therefore, this paper investigated the effects of anesthetic drugs on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colon cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Small extracellular vesicles purification and scale-up.
- Author
-
Xinya Zheng, Hongru Ai, Kewen Qian, Guangyao Li, Shuyi Zhang, Yitan Zou, Changhai Lei, Wenyan Fu, and Shi Hu
- Subjects
EXTRACELLULAR vesicles ,CELL culture ,CELL lines ,EXOSOMES ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,AFFINITY chromatography - Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by cells. With advances in the study of sEVs, they have shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, sEV therapy usually requires a certain dose and purity of sEVs to achieve the therapeutic effect, but the existing sEV purification technology exists in the form of low yield, low purity, time-consuming, complex operation and many other problems, which greatly limits the application of sEVs. Therefore, how to obtain high-purity and high-quality sEVs quickly and efficiently, and make them realize large-scale production is a major problem in current sEV research. This paper discusses how to improve the purity and yield of sEVs from the whole production process of sEVs, including the upstream cell line selection and cell culture process, to the downstream isolation and purification, quality testing and the final storage technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Successful expansion and cryopreservation of human natural killer cell line NK-92 for clinical manufacturing.
- Author
-
Lee, Seul, Joo, Yunjoo, Lee, Eun Ji, Byeon, Youngseon, Kim, Jae-Hwan, Pyo, Kyoung-Ho, Kim, Young Seob, Lim, Sun Min, Kilbride, Peter, Iyer, Rohin K., Li, Mingming, French, Mandy C., Lee, Jung-Yub, Kang, Jeeheon, Byun, Hyesin, and Cho, Byoung Chul
- Subjects
KILLER cells ,CRYOPROTECTIVE agents ,CELL lines ,CELLULAR therapy ,FROZEN human embryos ,CRYOPRESERVATION of cells ,MANUFACTURING cells ,HEMATOLOGIC malignancies - Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have recently shown renewed promise as therapeutic cells for use in treating hematologic cancer indications. Despite this promise, NK cell manufacturing workflows remain largely manual, open, and disconnected, and depend on feeders, as well as outdated unit operations or processes, often utilizing research-grade reagents. Successful scale-up of NK cells critically depends on the availability and performance of nutrient-rich expansion media and cryopreservation conditions that are conducive to high cell viability and recovery post-thaw. In this paper we used Cytiva hardware and media to expand the NK92 cell line in a model process that is suitable for GMP and clinical manufacturing of NK cells. We tested a range of cryopreservation factors including cooling rate, a range of DMSO-containing and DMSO-free cryoprotectants, ice nucleation, and cell density. Higher post-thaw recovery was seen in cryobags over cryovials cooled in identical conditions, and cooling rates of 1°C/min or 2°C/min optimal for cryopreservation in DMSO-containing and DMSO-free cryoprotectants respectively. Higher cell densities of 5x10
7 cells/ml gave higher post-thaw viability than those cryopreserved at either 1x106 or 5x106 cells/ml. This enabled us to automate, close and connect unit operations within the workflow while demonstrating superior expansion and cryopreservation of NK92 cells. Cellular outputs and performance were conducive to clinical dosing regimens, serving as a proof-of-concept for future clinical and commercial manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. General and Specific Cytotoxicity of Chimeric Antisense Oligonucleotides in Bacterial Cells and Human Cell Lines.
- Author
-
Popova, Katya B. and Penchovsky, Robert
- Subjects
CYTOTOXINS ,CELL lines ,BACTERIAL cells ,OLIGONUCLEOTIDES ,PATHOGENIC bacteria ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus ,OLIGOPEPTIDES - Abstract
In the last two decades, antisense oligonucleotide technology has emerged as a promising approach to tackling various healthcare issues and diseases, such as antimicrobial resistance, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the numerous improvements in the structure and modifications of the antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), there are still specific problems with their clinical efficacy and preclinical cytotoxicity results. To better understand the effects of the ASOs in this paper, we conducted many MTT assays to assess the general and specific cytotoxicity of four new chimeric ASOs in bacterial cells and human cell lines. We demonstrate the absence of inhibitory activity in the human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus by non-specific ASOs. The pVEC-ASO1 and pVEC-ASO2 are designed to have no specific targets in S. aureus. They have only partial hybridization to the guanylate kinase mRNA. The pVEC-ASO3 targets UBA2 mRNA, a hallmark cancer pathology in MYC-driven cancer, while pVEC-ASO4 has no complementary sequences. We discovered some cytotoxicity of the non-specific ASOs in healthy and cancer human cell lines. The results are compared with two other ASOs, targeting specific mRNA in cancer cells. All ASOs are delivered into the cell via the cell-penetrating oligopeptide pVEC, which is attached to them. We draw a good correlation between the thermodynamic stability of ASO/target RNA and the toxicity effect in human cell lines. The data obtained signify the importance of thorough bioinformatic analysis and high specificity in designing and developing novel ASOs for safer therapeutic agents in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Surface Functionalization of Titanium-Based Implants with a Nanohydroxyapatite Layer and Its Impact on Osteoblasts: A Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Homa, Karolina, Zakrzewski, Wojciech, Dobrzyński, Wojciech, Piszko, Paweł J., Piszko, Aleksandra, Matys, Jacek, Wiglusz, Rafal J., and Dobrzyński, Maciej
- Subjects
OSTEOBLASTS ,CYTOCOMPATIBILITY ,BONE cells ,CELL lines ,TITANIUM alloys - Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the influence of a nanohydroxyapatite layer applied to the surface of titanium or titanium alloy implants on the intricate process of osseointegration and its effect on osteoblast cell lines, compared to uncoated implants. Additionally, the investigation scrutinizes various modifications of the coating and their consequential effects on bone and cell line biocompatibility. On the specific date of November 2023, an exhaustive electronic search was conducted in esteemed databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, utilizing the meticulously chosen keywords ((titanium) AND ((osteoblasts) and hydroxyapatite)). Methodologically, the systematic review meticulously adhered to the PRISMA protocol. Initially, a total of 1739 studies underwent scrutiny, with the elimination of 741 duplicate records. A further 972 articles were excluded on account of their incongruence with the predefined subjects. The ultimate compilation embraced 26 studies, with a predominant focus on the effects of nanohydroxyapatite coating in isolation. However, a subset of nine papers delved into the nuanced realm of its modifiers, encompassing materials such as chitosan, collagen, silver particles, or gelatine. Across many of the selected studies, the application of nanohydroxyapatite coating exhibited a proclivity to enhance the osseointegration process. The modifications thereof showcased a positive influence on cell lines, manifesting in increased cellular spread or the attenuation of bacterial activity. In clinical applications, this augmentation potentially translates into heightened implant stability, thereby amplifying the overall procedural success rate. This, in turn, renders nanohydroxyapatite-coated implants a viable and potentially advantageous option in clinical scenarios where non-modified implants may not suffice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.