173 results
Search Results
2. Sentinels of the Shore. Reconciling Art and Science.
- Author
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Hellegouarc'h-Bryce, Anne
- Subjects
COASTAL changes ,SCOTS ,CULTURAL identity ,HUMANITY ,POLLINATION ,DATA science - Abstract
Copyright of Angles: French Perspectives on the Anglophone World is the property of Societe des Anglicistes de l Enseignement Superieur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
3. Evolving adaptive capacity of seaweed harvesters in Brittany.
- Author
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Garineaud, Clément
- Subjects
MARINE algae ,CLIMATE change ,KNOWLEDGE management ,CERAMIALES ,SCIENTISTS ,MARINE plants - Abstract
The coast of Brittany hosts one of the largest seaweed forests in Europe, collected for several centuries, but today subject to climatic change. By an ethnoecological survey, this paper investigates the seaweed collectors' perception of the changes and hazards that affect their resources. We explored how hazards change their practices and adaptive capacity through strategy and ecological knowledge. Their knowledge evolved rapidly due to their interaction with the natural environment and exchange with scientists, generating new types of knowledge and management practices better adapted to expected future biodiversity change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Long, Medium, and Short-term Shoreline Dynamics of the Brittany Coast (Western France).
- Author
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Stéphan, Pierre, Blaise, Emmanuel, Suanez, Serge, Fichaut, Bernard, Autret, Ronan, Floc'h, France, Cuq, Véronique, Le Dantec, Nicolas, Ammann, Jérôme, David, Laurence, Jaud, Marion, and Delacourt, Christophe
- Subjects
SHORELINES ,BEACH erosion ,COASTAL changes ,COASTS ,COMPOSITION of sediments ,WATER levels ,PARAMETER identification - Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the shoreline changes of coastal accumulations (sandy and gravel beaches/barriers) of Brittany (Western France). Three long, medium, and short term spatio-temporal scale observations are taken into consideration for the assessment of shoreline dynamics at this regional scale. Firstly, the long-term shoreline position evolution is based on a comparison of two sets of aerial orthophotos (1949-1952 and 2006-2009). A total of 652 beaches were analyzed in order to map and quantify erosion (35% of the total studied coastline), stability (38%), and accretion (27%) over the last 60 years. In detail, these percentages vary significantly according to the beach/barrier morphologies (spits vs pocket beaches), sediment composition (sandy vs gravelly), and hydrodynamic context (exposed vs sheltered). Secondly, a pluri-annual (i.e., medium-term) shoreline change analysis based on five representative beaches was conducted. This analysis was also based on image processing using sets of aerial photos taken every five years over the last 60 years (1948-2013). Results show an alternation of significant erosion- and accretion-dominated periods (respectively EDP and ADP), with six main EDP (i.e., periods 1962-1968, 1977-1978, 1980-1985, 1987-1990, 1993-1997, and 2013-2014) related to an increase in the frequency of extreme water levels associated with storm events. Finally, the short-term change analysis based on high-frequency monitoring of 11 sites was carried out over the period 1998-2017. These surveys, based on field topo-morphological measurements, highlight the impact of five morphogenetic events associated with significant storm events: 1998-2000 (storms Lothar and Martin in December 1999), 2008 (storm Johanna on March 10, 2008), the winter of 2013-2014 (a cluster of storms in January, February, and March 2014), 2016 (storm Ruzica/Imogen on February 8, 2016) and 2018 (storm Eleanor on January 2, 2018). A relevant recovery phase, which took place between 2008 and 2012 due to the calm and cold winters, was also recognized. The identification of parameters involved in shoreline variations at these three timescales is important for future management options of the Brittany coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Devolution and Decentralisation in Wales and Brittany: Uniformity, Diversity and Political Capacity Building.
- Author
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Cole, Alistair
- Subjects
- *
DECENTRALIZATION in government , *POLICY sciences , *POLITICAL science - Abstract
In this paper, we provide an evaluation of devolution and decentralisation in Wales and Brittany wherein the substantive and detailed discussion of specific policy domains is subordinated to a more general appreciation of political and policy capacity. In our framework of evaluation, we consider in turn the role of institutions and institutional capacity, actors and relationships, identities and identity formation, political opportunity structures and overarching constraints as variables facilitating our understanding of regional political capacity and policy processes. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
6. Middle- to late-Holocene storminess in Brittany (NW France): Part I – morphological impact and stratigraphical record.
- Author
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Van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Goslin, Jérôme, Hallégouët, Bernard, Hénaff, Alain, Delacourt, Christophe, Fernane, Assia, Franzetti, Marcaurelio, Le Cornec, Erwan, Le Roy, Pascal, and Penaud, Aurélie
- Subjects
SAND dunes ,HOLOCENE Epoch ,STORMS ,SOIL structure ,STRATIGRAPHIC geology - Abstract
Our study aims to understand the recurring climatic conditions prevailing during the largest storms reaching NW France (Brittany). These storms are responsible for the breaching of coastal barriers and major flooding of lowlands. In a first part of our work, we examine the morphological impact and stratigraphic record of storm events along Western Brittany rocky coasts, with a special focus on the southern coast of the Bay of Audierne, the most exposed coast of the region. In a second paper (‘Middle- to Late-Holocene Storminess in Brittany (NW France): Part II’), we shall focus on the chronology of storm events and their climate forcing conditions. Drilling transects and stratigraphic analyses were first undertaken to constrain chronology, strength and wind direction during the main Holocene storm events. New dates, observations and a relative sea-level (RSL) curve were then used to inform discussion of the necessary climatic and morphologic conditions leading to destructive storm events. Most recorded events appear to be linked with cooling episodes of the Holocene and a RSL close to present. Some storms are clearly responsible for breaching and dune building or remobilisation. We demonstrate that storm frequency and intensity appear to rise in a stepwise manner during the late Holocene. Maximum efficiency is reached during the ‘Little Ice Age’ with clustered events probably lasting several days, but major storms also occurred immediately prior to the ‘Medieval Warm Period’. We suggest that recent coastal dune building from c.ad 1100 until now, despite a sea level close to present and continuously rising, may be a direct consequence of the restoration of beaches after periods of recurrent storminess. This building activity often occurred during dry negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events, in connection with the available sedimentary supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Situace bretonského jazyka a národnostního uvědomování v Bretani.
- Author
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Javůrková, Lucie
- Abstract
This paper is focused on Breton identity, its historical development and specific ethnic differences from the majority population. A significant part deals with the Breton language from a historical and current point of view. The article is based on primary and secondary data which were obtained from field research in Brittany. Despite intolerance and repression from France, the Breton minority has remained unique until today. In the 20th century, repressions from the French state caused denial of identity by Bretons themselves. These repressions had a negative effect especially on the regional Celtic language which is considered an endangered language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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8. Distinct export dynamics for dissolved and particulate phosphorus reveal independent transport mechanisms in an arable headwater catchment.
- Author
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Dupas, Rémi, Gascuel‐Odoux, Chantal, Gilliet, Nicolas, Grimaldi, Catherine, and Gruau, Gérard
- Subjects
PARTICULATE matter ,PHOSPHORUS in water ,WATERSHEDS ,HYDROLOGY ,HYDRAULICS - Abstract
This paper investigates particulate phosphorus (PP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations at the outlet of a small (5 km²) intensively farmed catchment to identify seasonal variability of sources and transport pathways for these two phosphorus forms. The shape and direction of discharge-concentration hystereses during floods were related to the hydrological conditions in the catchment during four hydrological periods. Both during flood events and on an annual basis, contrasting export dynamics highlighted a strong decoupling between SRP and PP export. During most flood events, discharge-concentration hystereses for PP were clockwise, indicating mobilization of a source located within or near the stream channel. Seasonal variability of PP export was linked to the availability of stream sediments and the export capacity of the stream. In contrast, hysteresis shapes for SRP were anticlockwise, which suggests that SRP was transferred to the stream via subsurface flow. Groundwater rise in wetland soils was likely the cause of this transfer, through the hydrological connectivity it created between the stream and P-rich soil horizons. SRP concentrations were the highest when the relative contribution of deep groundwater from the upland domain was low compared with wetland groundwater. Hence, soils from non-fertilized riparian wetlands seemed to be the main source of SRP in the catchment. This conceptual model of P transfer with distinct hydrological controls for PP and SRP was valid throughout the year, except during spring storm events, during which PP and SRP exports were synchronized as a consequence of overland flow and erosion on hillslopes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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9. The Bretons in French Politics: Regional Mobilization within and beyond the Central State.
- Author
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Cole, Alistair and Pasquier, Romain
- Subjects
- *
POWER (Social sciences) , *IDENTITY politics , *REGIONALISM , *DECENTRALIZATION in government , *SOCIAL movements - Abstract
This article revisits the French region of Brittany on the basis of sustained empirical research over a 25-year period. It identifies the twin use of influence and identity as forming a key part of an accepted and largely diffused territorial repertoire, based on affirming distinctiveness for reasons of vertical linkage, as well as horizontal capacity building. This article explores the different facets of this model of territorial influence. The two twin dimensions concern: first, a well-versed mechanism of lobbying central institutions and actors to defend the Breton interest; second, the use of territorial identity markers to forward the regional cause, relying on social movements and a broad capacity for regional mobilization. Within this overarching context, the Breton case demonstrates an intelligent instrumental use of identity and identity markers, but mainstream Breton forces recognize that this only makes sense in the light of the national level of regulation and structure of opportunities. The logic of this position is to integrate the Brittany region into a national model of territorial integration, while playing up identity markers to secure the maximum benefit for the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Le migrazioni irlandesi in Francia fra il XVI secolo e i primi decenni del XIX secolo. Lo status quaestionis.
- Author
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Binasco, Matteo
- Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a historiographical overview of the Irish migrations to France from the second half of the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. Over the last fifteen years, research on Irish migrations to France and the rest of Europe during this period has generated an impressive amount of scholarship, thus demonstrating how this can be considered a phenomenon which anticipated the great Irish diaspora of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Climatically-driven impacts on sedimentation processes in the Bay of Quiberon (south Brittany, France) over the last 10,000 years.
- Author
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Baltzer, Agnès, Walter-Simonnet, Anne-Véronique, Mokeddem, Zohra, Tessier, Bernadette, Goubert, Evelyne, Cassen, Serge, and Diffo, Ange
- Subjects
SEDIMENTATION & deposition ,RADIOCARBON dating ,CLIMATE change ,SEA level - Abstract
The Bay of Quiberon (NW France), which is protected by the Quiberon Peninsula, provides well-preserved sedimentary archives for high-resolution reconstruction of Holocene climate variability. Very-high-resolution seismic profiles were obtained from two Seistec boomer seismic campaigns conducted in the bay. The seismic surveys reveal the deposition of five distinct sedimentary units. This succession is correlated with radiocarbon-dated sediments sampled in a long CASQ core (MD08-3204CQ). The analysis of the sediments shows significant changes in grain size, indicating a complex series of palaeo-climate events dated at 8800, 8600, 4270, 3860, 2470 and 1060 cal. yr BP. These may be correlated with millennial timescale climate variability corresponding to the phases of Holocene rapid climate changes (RCCs), associated with negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and usually characterized by weaker winter storms. On the contrary, periods between RCCs are characterized by the predominance of westerly winds and stormy conditions for Brittany (i.e. positive NAO). However, only storm events occurring during the RCCs have been preserved in the Bay of Quiberon. This paper aims to reconstruct the Holocene sedimentary infill of the bay, highlighting the role of episodic acceleration phases of the sea-level rise on the preservation of sedimentary archives. Thus, the Bay of Quiberon provides substantially a complete sedimentation record of the last 10,000 years characterized by a series of complex palaeo-environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Middle- to late-Holocene storminess in Brittany (NW France): Part II – The chronology of events and climate forcing.
- Author
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Van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Penaud, Aurélie, Hénaff, Alain, Delacourt, Christophe, Fernane, Assia, Goslin, Jérôme, Hallégouët, Bernard, and Le Cornec, Erwan
- Subjects
HOLOCENE Epoch ,SAND dunes ,STORMS ,SOIL structure ,STRATIGRAPHIC geology - Abstract
This study focuses on the recurring climate conditions required for the largest storms occurring in NW France (Brittany). It is based on the analysed records of storm events along Western Brittany coast (see Part I). In this manuscript (Part II), storm recurrence is explored along with forcing mechanisms. Periods of more frequent storm events over the two last centuries are analysed first in order to link these events with possible forcing mechanisms (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) modes) triggering the most destructive storms. Then, palaeostorm events are discussed at the Holocene scale, from 6000 yr BP to present, to verify the forcing mechanisms. Most recorded events appear to be linked with cooling episodes, mostly in winter, a transition to or from a negative winter NAO mode, a positive AMO mode. Extreme storms occur immediately prior to the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (MWP). Maximum effects are reached prior to the onset of the MWP and during the Maunder and Dalton solar minima. Low storm activity occurred during the Spörer Minimum linked to an acceleration of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Main storm triggers seem to correspond to a positive AMO mode with an unstable jetstream configuration driving a negative NAO. In this study, four specific weather configurations were defined to explain each type of recorded storminess. The strongest storms correspond to low AMO and decennial-negative NAO modes (e.g. ‘Little Ice Age’), or high AMO in association with dominant low NAO modes, as during the early Middle Age and present-day period. Fresh or warm oceans in association with a positive NAO mode are stormy but with very low sting storms frequency. Although in agreement with the orbital forcing and the Holocene glacial history, increasing storm frequency and intensity is most probably partly biased by continuous sea-level rise and resulting erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Wrestling Styles and the Cultural Reinterpretation Process.
- Author
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Philippe, Tanguy
- Subjects
WRESTLING ,WRESTLING techniques ,ACCULTURATION ,CROSS-cultural differences - Abstract
Wrestling is a worldwide activity, defined by some universal logics and taking various forms. There are many geographically or culturally based wrestling styles that are generally considered traditional. Wrestling itself is the signifier of different dimensions, being altogether a challenge, a cultural element and a liminal interaction between the imaginary and the body. It is an example of body culture considered as a collective symbolic wealth, diffused by the reputation of some techniques and the association with some cultural or social groups. The notion of tradition is associated with the sports and rooted in a customary and cross-generational mode of transmission. This paper examines the cases of kurash (Uzbekistan), gouren (Brittany, France) and kokh (Armenia), three wrestling styles that recently experienced or are still experiencing an institutionalisation process. These symptomatic wrestling styles face the question of conciliating uniqueness and adaptation to the cultural framework of sport. In addition, they constitute forms of symbolic capital and signifiers of different values, which adds the question of cultural legitimacy to sport management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Social status in late medieval and early modern Brittany: insights from stable isotope analysis
- Author
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Colleter, Rozenn, Clavel, Benoît, Pietrzak, Anita, Duchesne, Sylvie, Schmitt, Ludovic, Richards, Michael P., Telmon, Norbert, Crubézy, Éric, and Jaouen, Klervia
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Symbolic crusades in Lusatia and Brittany? An analysis of minority language movements from the perspective of status politics.
- Author
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Toutous, Jeanne
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC minorities ,SEMI-structured interviews ,ECONOMY (Linguistics) ,CULTURAL maintenance ,POLITICAL sociology ,COLLECTIVE action - Abstract
Copyright of Adeptus is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. El espejo irlandés. Panceltismo y nordismo en el discurso nacionalista de Bretaña (1845-1945).
- Author
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Caballero, José Antonio Rubio
- Subjects
PAN-Celticism ,BRETONS ,NATIONALISM ,MANNERS & customs - Abstract
Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
17. Exploring subtle land use and land cover changes: a framework for future landscape studies.
- Author
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Houet, Thomas, Loveland, Thomas R., Hubert-Moy, Laurence, Gaucherel, Cédric, Napton, Darrell, Barnes, Christopher A., and Sayler, Kristi
- Subjects
LAND use ,LAND economics ,WATER quality ,SOIL quality ,AGRICULTURAL landscape management ,ENVIRONMENTAL management - Abstract
Land cover and land use changes can have a wide variety of ecological effects, including significant impacts on soils and water quality. In rural areas, even subtle changes in farming practices can affect landscape features and functions, and consequently the environment. Fine-scale analyses have to be performed to better understand the land cover change processes. At the same time, models of land cover change have to be developed in order to anticipate where changes are more likely to occur next. Such predictive information is essential to propose and implement sustainable and efficient environmental policies. Future landscape studies can provide a framework to forecast how land use and land cover changes is likely to react differently to subtle changes. This paper proposes a four step framework to forecast landscape futures at fine scales by coupling scenarios and landscape modelling approaches. This methodology has been tested on two contrasting agricultural landscapes located in the United States and France, to identify possible landscape changes based on forecasting and backcasting agriculture intensification scenarios. Both examples demonstrate that relatively subtle land cover and land use changes can have a large impact on future landscapes. Results highlight how such subtle changes have to be considered in term of quantity, location, and frequency of land use and land cover to appropriately assess environmental impacts on water pollution (France) and soil erosion (US). The results highlight opportunities for improvements in landscape modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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18. The Globalization of Culture: Myth or Reality?
- Author
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Morris, Daniel Robert
- Subjects
CULTURE & globalization ,GLOBALIZATION ,MINORITIES ,SUBCULTURES - Abstract
Globalization scholars frequently debate the impact of globalization on minor or subcultures. Many fear that globalization will lead to the homogenization of culture as the influence of western culture creates what one writer referred to as a sort of cultural imperialism (Veseth 66), pushing less dominant cultures to the brink of extinction. In this paper, the author examines two specific subcultures to determine how they have fared in the face of globalization: the Breton culture of France, and the French Cajun culture of Louisiana in the United States. These two subcultures were selected since one occurs in the United States, commonly recognized as the main perpetrator of cultural homogenization around the world, while the other lies in a country often cited for its resistance to globalization. In recent years, both the Breton culture and the Cajun culture have gained a more favorable image and stronger cultural identity after suffering decline in the mid twentieth century. An analysis of their transformation leads to conclusions about cultural homogenization and the survival of minor cultures that may be applied to other cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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19. Seismically induced shale diapirism: the Mine d’Or section, Vilaine estuary, Southern Brittany.
- Author
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Vliet-Lanoe, B., Hibsch, C., Csontos, L., Jegouzo, S., Hallégouët, B., Laurent, M., Maygari, A., Mercier, D., and Voinchet, P.
- Abstract
The Pénestin section (southern Brittany) presents large regular undulations, commonly interpreted as evidence of periglacial pingos. It is an upper Neogene palaeoestuary of the Vilaine River reactivated during the middle Quaternary (middle terrace). It is incised into a thick kaolinitic saprolite and deformed by saprolite diapirs. This paper presents the arguments leading to a mechanistic interpretation of the deformations at Pénestin. Neither recent transpressive tectonics nor diagnostic evidence of periglacial pingo have been found despite evidence for a late paleo-permafrost. The major deformational process is shale diapirism, initially triggered by co-seismic water supply, with further loading and lateral spreading on an already deformed and deeply weathered basement, which allowed the shale diapirism to develop. Deformations are favoured by the liquefaction of the saprolite and a seaward mass movement and recorded, rather distant, effects of an earthquake (c. 280 ka B.P.) resulting from the progressive subsidence of the southern Armorican margin. These deformations triggered by an earthquake are similar to those induced by classical shale diapirism. They are probably common in tectonically active continental environments with shallow water table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Bird disturbance on conservation sites in Brittany (France): the standpoint of geographers.
- Author
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Corre, Nicolas Le, Gélinaud, Guillaume, and Brigand, Louis
- Subjects
BIRD refuges ,ECOLOGICAL disturbances ,HUMAN-animal relationships ,GEOGRAPHERS - Abstract
Bird disturbance by human activities is one of the impacts related to human presence at conservation sites in Brittany (France). This paper is an attempt at reviewing this relatively unknown problem through the results of an international bibliographical review and of a regional inquiry conducted in close collaboration with managers of the conservation areas in Brittany. These two approaches will help to demonstrate the extent and complexity of the human / fauna interactions, as well as to take stock of the state of research in this field and, last but not least, to highlight the difficulties managers of conservation sites are facing to deal with this new issue. For the managers, bird disturbance is indeed the most important impact related to human attendance on conservation sites in Brittany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Les fortifications médiévales et modernes de Dinan (Côtes-d’Armor) : état des connaissances historiques et archéologiques
- Author
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Dufeil, Mickaël
- Subjects
Moyen Âge ,Bauarchäologie ,enceinte ,Burganlage ,castle ,building archaeology ,artillery ,Brittany ,fortification works ,fortifications urbaines ,Befestigungsarbeiten ,General Environmental Science ,château ,Artillerie ,General Engineering ,defensive walls ,archéologie du bâti ,Bretagne ,Dinan ,travaux de fortification ,Verteidigungswälle ,urban fortifications ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Stadtbefestigung ,Middle Ages ,Mittelalter - Abstract
En s’appuyant sur les sources textuelles de première main, les documents iconographiques et planimétriques anciens, ainsi que sur la reconnaissance des principales caractéristiques architecturales des ouvrages conservés, cette étude vise à faire le point sur l’état actuel des connaissances historiques et archéologiques relatives aux fortifications médiévales et modernes de Dinan. Les grandes étapes inhérentes à l’évolution des fortifications et au développement morphologique du tissu urbain sont abordées, comme la mise en place présumée d’une première clôture dans le courant du xiie s., l’édification d’une grande enceinte de réunion aux xiiie et xive s., le renforcement et l’adaptation des fortifications à l’artillerie dans la seconde moitié du xve s., l’installation d’une citadelle urbaine à la fin du xvie s., ainsi que la reprise des travaux de fortification à la fin du xviie s. En dernier lieu, cet article présente les résultats d’une première étude de bâti conduite sur une partie du front nord, à la porte Saint-Malo et ses abords. Réalisée dans le cadre d’une opération d’archéologie programmée, cette analyse introduit quelques hypothèses inédites sur l’origine et l’évolution de cette partie des fortifications, et tend, par conséquent, à soulever de nouvelles interrogations. Based on primary written sources, cartographic documents, and the recognition of the main architectural characteristics of preserved constructions, this study’s objective is to draw up a historical and archaeological overview of Dinan’s medieval and modern fortifications. In this paper, we will look at the main phases of the fortifications and the development of the urban fabric. These include the first enclosure during the 12th century, the building of a large global enclosure in the 13th and 14th centuries, the reinforcement and adaptation of the fortifications to artillery fire in the second half of the 15th century, the installation of an urban citadel at the end of the 16th century, as well as renovations dating to the end of the 17th. Finally, this paper presents the results of a building study carried out on the northern front, around the Saint-Malo gate. Diese Untersuchung, die sich auf die schriftlichen Primärquellen, auf ikonographische Darstellungen, alte Pläne sowie auf die wichtigsten architektonischen Elemente und Charakteristika der erhaltenen Befestigungsanlagen stützt, hat zum Ziel, den aktuellen Forschungsstand historischer und archäologischer Erkenntnisse zu den mittelalterlichen, frühneuzeitlichen und modernen Stadtbefestigungen von Dinan darzustellen. Die großen Etappen der Entwicklung der Befestigungsanlagen sowie die morphologische Entwicklung des Stadtgrundrisses werden diskutiert, beispielsweise die erste Wallanlage, die vermutlich während des 12. Jh. angelegt wurde, die Errichtung einer großen Stadtmauer im 13.-14. Jh., die Verstärkung und Anpassung der Befestigungsanlagen an die neu aufkommende Artillerie in der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts, die Anlage einer städtischen Zitadelle am Ende des 16. Jh. sowie eine Wiederaufnahme der Befestigungsarbeiten am Ende des 17. Jh. Schließlich präsentiert der vorliegende Beitrag die Ergebnisse einer ersten bauarchäologischen Untersuchung eines Teils der nördlichen Stadtbefestigung, im Bereich des Stadttores von Saint-Malo und in seinem Umfeld. Diese Untersuchung, die im Rahmen einer Forschungsgrabung durchgeführt wurde, stellt einige bisher unpublizierte Hypothesen zur Herkunft und zur Entwicklung dieses Teils der Stadtbefestigung vor, die wiederum neue Fragestellungen eröffnen.
- Published
- 2021
22. Proactive Crisis-management Strategies and the Archaeological Heritage.
- Author
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Hayes, Deborah and Patton, Mark
- Subjects
CRISIS management ,ARCHAEOLOGY ,HISTORIC buildings - Abstract
Heritage organisations depend on public support, which presupposes a reputation for responsible custodianship, technical expertise, sound financial management and sensitivity to conflicting public expectations (e.g. conservation and public access). Public support, however, can be fickle; a reputation can be severely damaged in a few days as a result of an unexpected crisis. Heritage managers have traditionally adopted a reactive approach to crisis handling. Such approaches frequently give rise to panic-driven responses, which amplify the scale of the original crisis and lead to a breakdown of trust among stakeholders. Having explored some examples of crises in the management of the archaeological heritage, this paper concludes with a case for managers to develop proactive crisis-management strategies. The proposed framework recognises its symbiotic relationship with the disciplines of strategy and reputation management. It incorporates three key elements: the identification and evaluation of risks; procedural arrangements for operating in a disaster situation; and effective communications to ensure the continuing support of stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Range expansion of some non-indigenous seaweeds along the coasts of Brittany – English Channel.
- Author
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Burel, Thomas, Helias, Mathieu, and Le Duff, Michel
- Subjects
MARINE algae ,PACIFIC oysters ,COASTS ,GIGARTINALES ,CERAMIALES ,OYSTER culture ,INTRODUCED species - Abstract
Non-indigenous seaweed species have been introduced to the coasts of Brittany, France for decades, with an increasing arrival rate since the 1970s due to both the introduction of the Pacific oyster and increased maritime traffic. In this study, seven species of red macroalgae originating from the Pacific Ocean were found in new locations around the coasts of Brittany between 2018 and 2022. The seaweed species belong to four different orders: Ceramiales (Antithamnion hubbsii, Polysiphonia morrowii, and Symphyocladiella dendroidea), Halymeniales (including Pachymeniopsis lanceolata and Polyopes lancifolius), Rhodymeniales (Botryocladia wrightii), and Gigartinales (Solieria sp.). The dispersal mode and putative invasive potential of each species were examined, and the species were described in terms of their macroscopic and microscopic appearance and habitat. These finds result from a combination of citizen science and long-term monitoring. Used together, these two approaches can aid in the detection of these species on other European coasts and in understanding their dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Disaggregation of Migration Flows: The Case of Brittany, 1975–1982.
- Author
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Dean, K. G.
- Abstract
DEAN K. G. (1987) The disaggregation of migration flows: the case of Brittany, 1975–1982, Reg. Studies 21, 313–325. In contrast to most inter-regional studies of migration, which have sought to illuminate total migratory flows or net migration through multiple regression analysis, this paper disaggregates inflows and outflows to reveal the characteristics of migrants in terms of gender, age, economic activity and occupation. This is done for Brittany in the most recent inter-census period (1975–82) in order to elaborate and apply a descriptive model of counterurbanization based on six demographic tacets. In terms of this model Brittany is found to be a fairly well-developed example. Implications for the conceptualization and explanation of counterurbanization trends are discussed. DEAN K. G. (1987) La désagrégation des flux migratoires: cas d'étude de la Bretagne de 1975 à 1982, Reg. Studies 21, 313–325. Par rapport à la plupart des études inter-régionales sur la migration qui ont cherché à mettre au jour ou les flux migratoires globaux ou le solde migratoire à partir d'une analyse de régression multiple, cet article désagrège les flux positifs et négatifs pour laisser voir les caractéristiques des migrants en fonction du sexe, de l'âge, de l'activité économique et de la catégorie socio-professionnelle. A fin de mettre au point et mettre en oeuvre un modèle descriptif de ‘rurbanisation’ à partir de six caractéristiques démographiques ce processus se fait pour la Bretagne sur la dernière période intercensale, à savoir de 1975 à 1982. II en résulte que la Bretagne, d'aprés ce modèle, est un exemple plus ou moins avancé. II s'ensuit une discussion des retombées pour ce qui concerne la conceptualisation et l'explication des tendances en faveur d'une ‘rurbanisation’. DEAN K. G. (1987) Aufschlüsselung von Wanderbewegungen: der Fall der Bretagne im Zeitraum, 1975–1982, Reg. Studies 21, 313–325. Im Gegensatz zur Mehrzahl der interregionalen Untersuchungen von Wanderungen, die die Gesamtheit der Wanderbewegungen oder der Nettowanderung durch multiple Regressionsanalyse zu erhellen suchten, betrachtet diese Abhandlung Einwanderungs-und Auswanderungsbewegungen getrennt, um die charakteristischen Merkmale der Wanderer in Bezug auf Geschlecht, Alter, wirtschaftliche Leistung und Beschäftigung zu erschliessen. Dies wird in der Bretagne für die letzte Zwischenzensus-periode (1975–82) durchgeführt, um ein beschreibendes, auf sechs demographischen Aspekten basierendes Modell der Counterurbanisation auszuarbeiten und anzuwenden. Gemessen an den Richtlinien dieses Modells erweist sich die Bretagne als ein ziemlich gut entwickeltes Beispiel. Implikationen für die Begriffsbildung und Erklärung der Tendenz zur Counterurbanisation werden diskutiert. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1987
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25. Micromorphological evidence of soil deterioration since the mid-Holocene at archaeological sites in Brittany, France.
- Author
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Gebhardt, Anne
- Abstract
This paper presents data on the evolution of agricultural landscapes in Brittany from the end of the Atlantic chronozone to the Mediaeval period (450 BC-AD 1600), using soil micromorphology in a multidisciplinary palaeoenvironmental context. Buried soils and unburied sediments associated with archaeological structures in Brittany were examined. The study of well dated archaeological buried soils gives new information on the way the landscape of Brittany was affected by human impact, which has disturbed the Atlantic soil balance since the start of the Neolithic and has been a major factor in soil acidification in Brittany. Deforestation of primary woodland occurred however, over a long period. The analysis of down-slope sediment accumulation shows that colluviation of loam-rich soils was stimulated by deforestation and agriculture. Micromorphological study of archaeological ditches shows that some microscopical features are difficult to interpret in unburied conditions, especially in modern cultivated contexts, but that this can be done after comparison with experimentally reconstructed (or similar traditional) structures. Such results help our understanding of the history of bocage (land enclosure). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1993
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26. Collaborative Methods: Evidence of Commercial Illumination Workshop Practices in the Beinecke MS 1216.
- Author
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Lifton, Kimberly
- Subjects
RARE books ,LIGHTING - Abstract
Evidence of how illumination workshops functioned within commercial manuscript production has, for the most part, been lost to time. Therefore, the remnants of workshop practices that have survived provide a rare window into the inner workings of such workshops. This annotation considers a key system located in the New Haven, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, MS 1216, often referred to as the Clumber Park Chartier. It provides some suggestions as to how the key system may have functioned as a form of communication to coordinate members of the illumination workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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27. Bécassine, a bande dessinée pioneer.
- Author
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Tannahill, Lise
- Abstract
Running continually from 1905 to 1939, with albums appearing sporadically until the 1960s, Les Aventures de Bécassine (Caumery and J.P. Pinchon, 1905-1939) straddled the divide between old-style illustrés and bona fide bandes dessinées (BD). Its heroine, Breton servant Bécassine, was incredibly popular, spawning dolls, films and other merchandise. The character is particularly notable for being the first female star of modern BD. Response to Les Aventures de Bécassine has been mixed, due to the series' problematic, stereotypical depiction of Brittany and Bretons: the country is backward, the inhabitants are credulous and unintelligent. Beyond this, however, is the presence of Bécassine as a rare female character in BD. She functions both as a figure of fun and as a role model for her readers, undertaking many exciting activities (pilot, tram inspector, intrepid traveller, etc). The series gives an insight into the upheaval French society underwent in the early years of the twentieth century, and is of particular use regarding the changing place of women. It demonstrates the tensions between the 'old world' of French nobility and the new modernity, offering an exploration of women's new opportunities in a fast-changing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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28. The use of GFV and GSR temperature-based models in emerging wine regions to help decision-making regarding choices in grape varieties and wine styles. Application to Brittany (France).
- Author
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Zavlyanova, Maria, Bonnardot, Valérie, van Leeuwen, Cornelis, Quénol, Hervé, and Ollat, Nathalie
- Subjects
VITICULTURE ,WINE districts ,GRAPES ,WHITE wines ,CABERNET wines ,SAUVIGNON blanc ,SPARKLING wines ,RED wines - Abstract
Viticulture and wine production are facing climate change. While it can be a challenge in some regions, it is an opportunity for others. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology to assess climatic characteristics and potential for viticulture of new areas, through spatial analyses of data from temperature-based grapevine models (the Grapevine Flowering Veraison model -GFV and the Grapevine Sugar Ripeness model -GSR) during current and future periods. A deadline for veraison was set on the 1st of September for dry wine and on the 15th of September for sparkling wine. Different sugar levels were targeted for the production of different wine styles (170 g·L-1 for sparkling wine, 190 g·L-1 and 200 g·L-1 dry white and red wines, respectively) on the 15th of October. The methodology was applied over the region of Brittany (France) to assess the potential to produce different wine styles from 6 grapevine varieties ('Sauvignon blanc', 'Chardonnay', 'Chenin', 'Pinot noir', 'Cabernet franc' and 'Cabernet-Sauvignon'). Observed data from the Météo-France weather stations network and an 8-km gridded climate model data from the 2014 EUROCORDEX simulation set (CNRM-CM5/RCA4 climate model) were used over the past (1950-2020) and future periods (2031-2060 and 2071-2100) under two GHG emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). Climatic conditions of this region seem to be increasingly suitable in the future depending on climate scenario, time period projections and targeted types of wine. The methodology can be applied to any emerging winegrowing region with the ability to adjust variety choices, time lines and sugar levels thresholds as desired to meet the needs of a specific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. L’approvisionnement de la Bretagne en matières riches en protéines : situation actuelle et scénarios d’évolution à l’horizon 2015
- Author
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Dronne Yves and Morin Laurent
- Subjects
cakes and meals ,soybean ,supply ,Brittany ,prospective ,FEEDSIM ,Oils, fats, and waxes ,TP670-699 - Abstract
Brittany which is one of the main European areas in term of animal compound feed production and high protein feed consumption, is for his supply strongly dependant on external areas including foreign countries and other French regions. A prospective work based on a simulation model named FEEDSIM has been developed at the regional level associating economics actors and local public administrations. This paper presents some methodological aspects, some general hypothesis concerning three scenarios at the 2015 horizon and some results concerning more specifically regional animal productions and means of supplying (nature of meals and cakes used in compound feed industry and in direct, transportation by road and rail, activities of the different Britain and Atlantic area ports, etc.). This paper also presents some main orientations for the continuation of this work.
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- 2005
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30. The Bretons in French Politics : Regional Mobilization within and beyond the Central State
- Author
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Alistair Cole, Romain Pasquier, Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
History ,Paris ,decentralization ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Identity (social science) ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Decentralization ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Politics ,Political science ,Brittany ,050602 political science & public administration ,Mainstream ,Social movement ,05 social sciences ,regionalism ,021107 urban & regional planning ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,0506 political science ,Political economy ,Political Science and International Relations ,Regionalism (international relations) ,Optimal distinctiveness theory ,France - Abstract
This article revisits the French region of Brittany on the basis of sustained empirical research over a 25-year period. It identifies the twin use of influence and identity as forming a key part of an accepted and largely diffused territorial repertoire, based on affirming distinctiveness for reasons of vertical linkage, as well as horizontal capacity building. This article explores the different facets of this model of territorial influence. The two twin dimensions concern: first, a well-versed mechanism of lobbying central institutions and actors to defend the Breton interest; second, the use of territorial identity markers to forward the regional cause, relying on social movements and a broad capacity for regional mobilization. Within this overarching context, the Breton case demonstrates an intelligent instrumental use of identity and identity markers, but mainstream Breton forces recognize that this only makes sense in the light of the national level of regulation and structure of opportunities. The logic of this position is to integrate the Brittany region into a national model of territorial integration, while playing up identity markers to secure the maximum benefit for the region.
- Published
- 2021
31. Domestic life by the ocean: Beg-er-Vil, ca 6200-6000 BC
- Author
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Marchand, Grégor, Dupont, Catherine, Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dušan Borić, Dragana Antonović and Bojana Mihailović (eds.), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)
- Subjects
Late Mesolithic ,Brittany ,Shell midden ,Structure ,Dwelling ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; The settlement of Beg-er-Vil at Quiberon (Brittany, France) provides remarkable evidence of the lifestyles of the last maritime hunter-gatherers along the Atlantic coast, during the 6200 BC climatic event. The site of Beg-er-Vil was first excavated by O. Kayser during the 1980s, and has undergone extensive excavation since 2012. It revealed a wide variety of domestic structures in two distinct areas; a shell midden and its margins. The sedimentary matrix is made up of sands, aggregates of burnt earth, ash and charcoal resulting from hearth activities, fish bones, shells burnt to varying degrees, numerous granitic blocks destroyed by fire, as well as abundant technical remains (lithics and bones). The pits, fireplaces and a level of burnt blocks attest to intense domestic activities. A series of post holes fit into a curvilinear wall near the shell deposits (a circular hut?). The diversity of marine and continental faunal remains points to a broad spectrum economy. The period for hunting prey or collecting fruit could indicate long-term occupations throughout the year. The lithic industry (Teviecian) is on flint pebbles of very poor quality, procured outside the habitat. The whole reduction process is recorded on site. The excavation of Beg-er-Vil reveals the complexity of a coastal dwelling, including numerous functional changes in the living spaces.
- Published
- 2021
32. Spatial and temporal characteristics of wind and wind power off the coasts of Brittany.
- Author
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Bentamy, Abderrahim and Croize-Fillon, Denis
- Subjects
- *
OFFSHORE wind power plants , *WIND power , *REMOTE sensing , *WIND measurement , *METEOROLOGICAL observations , *PARAMETER estimation - Abstract
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to thoroughly examine the remotely sensed wind characteristics around the coasts of Brittany as well as some more specific areas. The offshore wind power potential is then assessed. To achieve this objective, information on wind speed and direction with sufficient spatial and temporal sampling under all weather conditions and during day and night is required. This study uses more than 12 years (December 1999–December 2012) of consistent remotely sensed data retrieved from the ASCAT and QuikSCAT scatterometers to estimate the conventional moments and associated wind distribution parameters. The latter are comparable to wind observations from meteorological stations. Furthermore, combining in-situ and scatterometer wind information enables an improved assessment of the spatial and temporal wind structures at specific locations of interest to be made. The wind statistical results are used to study the spatial and temporal patterns of the wind power. Although the main parameters characterizing wind power potential such as mean, variability, maximum energy, wind speed and intra-annual exhibit seasonal features, significant inter-annual variability is also depicted. Furthermore, differences are found between the wind power estimated for northern and for southern Brittany. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
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33. Springs–neaps cycles in daily total seabed light: Daylength-induced changes.
- Author
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Roberts, E.M., Bowers, D.G., and Davies, A.J.
- Subjects
- *
TURBIDITY , *OCEAN bottom , *WATER depth , *HYDROLOGIC cycle , *BENTHIC animals , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
Abstract: In shallow, tidal seas, daily total seabed light is determined largely by the interaction of the solar elevation cycle, the tidal cycle in water depth, and any temporal variability in turbidity. Since tidal range, times of low water, and often turbidity vary in regular ways over the springs–neaps cycle, daily total seabed light exhibits cycles of the same periodicity. Corresponding cycles are likely to be induced in the daily total primary production of benthic algae and plants, particularly those light-limited specimens occupying the lower reaches of a sub-tidal population. Consequently, this effect is an important control on the growth patterns, depth distribution and survival of, for example, macroalgal forests and seagrass meadows. Seasonal changes in daylength exert an important additional control on these cycles, as they alter the fraction of the tidal and turbidity cycles occurring within daylight hours. Bowers et al. (1997) modelled this phenomenon numerically and predicted that for a site with low water at about midday and midnight at neaps tides, 6am and 6pm at springs, daily total seabed light peaks at neaps in winter, but the ‘sense’ of the cycle ‘switches’ so that it peaks at springs in summer — the longer daylength permits the morning and evening low water springs to contribute substantially to the daily total. Observations for such a site in North Wales (UK), presented in this paper, show that no such ‘switch’ occurs, and neaps tides host the largest daily totals throughout the year. The predicted ‘switch’ is not observed because turbidity increases generally at spring tides, and specifically at low water springs, both of which were not accounted for in the model. Observations at a second site in Brittany (France), diametrically opposite in terms of the times of low water at neaps and at springs, indicate a peak at springs throughout the year. Analytical tools are developed to calculate the percentage of daily total sea surface irradiance reaching the bed at a site of interest on any given day, and to determine the sense of any springs–neaps cycle thereof for a given season. The conditions required for a ‘switch’ are explored graphically, resulting in the identification of criteria (and a useful parameter) for predicting their occurrence. Consequences for the growth patterns, depth limits and long-term survival of benthic algae and plants are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
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34. Recherches sur deux habitats groupés de la cité des Vénètes à la fin de l’âge du Fer (iie-ier siècle av. J.-C.) : les sites de Kerfloc’h à Plaudren et du Château à Péaule (Morbihan)
- Author
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Dufay-Garel, Yann, Daré, Sébastien, Peres, Thibaut, and Triste, Alain
- Subjects
Zentralsiedlungen ,monedas galas ,agglomerations ,Bretagne ,La Tène final ,keltische Münzen ,Befestigungsanlagen ,La Tène finale ,Vénètes ,Bretaña ,Veneter ,fortificaciones ,Late La Tène ,monnaie ,Brittany ,Spätlatènezeit ,fortifications ,oppidum ,vénetos armoricanos ,hábitats agupados ,Veneti ,Gallic coins - Abstract
Cet article présente les données de deux sites d’habitat groupé de la cité des Vénètes, datés de La Tène finale. L’oppidum du Château, situé à la confluence de la Vilaine et du Trévélo, couvre une superficie de 19 ha. Une coupe pratiquée dans son rempart principal a permis de mettre en évidence une architecture probablement à poutrage interne clouté. Du mobilier de La Tène finale a été recueilli en prospection à l’intérieur de l’oppidum. Au carrefour de plusieurs voies anciennes, le site de Kerfloc’h s’apparente à une agglomération ouverte d’une dizaine d’hectares dont l’occupation se répartit autour d’une enceinte quadrangulaire monumentale. Situé sur une éminence surplombant la vallée du Loch, l’habitat a livré, lors de sondages et de ramassages de surface, un abondant et riche mobilier qui atteste le statut élevé du site. L’article s’achève sur une rapide présentation des autres potentiels habitats groupés de la cité des Vénètes. This paper presents the data from two Veneti agglomerations dating to the Late La Tène. Located at the confluence of the rivers Vilaine and Trévélo, the oppidum of Le Château is an enclosed 19 ha area. A section made in the main rampart identified a probable timber-laced internal architecture. Artefacts were found in the enclosed area. The site of Kerfloc’h is located on a hill that overhangs the Loch valley. At the intersection of many ancient routes, it appears to be an open settlement, covering about 10 ha and spread around a monumental square earthwork. The archaeological material collected during surveys and one excavation is abundant and rich and testifies to the high status of the site. The paper finishes on a brief presentation of other potential agglomerated settlements of the Veneti. Este artículo presenta los datos de dos aglomeraciones de la civitas de los vénetos de la Galia, fechados en La Tène final. El oppidum de Château, ubicado en la confluencia del Vilaine y del Trévélo, abarca un área de 19 ha. Un sondeo practicado en su muralla principal ha permitido revelar una arquitectura probablemente basada en postes internos fijados con clavos. Dentro del oppidum se recogieron materiales de La Tène final mediante prospección. En el cruce de varias vías de época romana, el yacimiento de Kerfloc’h se asemeja a una aglomeración abierta de unas diez hectáreas cuya ocupación se distribuye alrededor de un recinto cuadrangular monumental. Ubicado en una eminencia que domina el valle del Loch, el hábitat ha revelado, durante las prospecciones y recogidas de superficie, un material abundante y rico que atestigua el estatus de sus habitantes. El artículo finaliza con una presentación rápida de los otros posibles hábitats agrupados de la civitas de los galos vénetos. Der Beitrag präsentiert neue Ergebnisse zu zwei Zentralsiedlungen der Veneter vom Ende der Latènezeit. Das am Zusammenfluss der beiden Flüsse Vilaine und Trévélo gelegene oppidum von „Le Château“ umschließt eine Innenfläche von rund 19 Hektar. Ein Wallschnitt durch den Hauptwall hat Hinweise auf eine Innenkonstruktion aus vernagelten Holzbalken geliefert. Bei Geländeprospektionen im Inneren des oppidum konnten verschiedene spätlatènezeitliche Funde zu Tage gefördert werden. Der Fundplatz „Kerfloc’h, der an der Kreuzung mehrerer alter Wegeverbindungen liegt, ist als Zentralsiedlung anzusprechen, bei der sich die Besiedlung über mehr als zehn Hektar Fläche um einen viereckigen Befestigungswall von monumentalen Ausmaßen erstreckte. Sie liegt auf einem Geländesporn, der das Tal des Flusses Loch überragt. Anlässlich von Sondagegrabungen und Oberflächenaufsammlungen konnte ein umfangreiches und vielfältiges Fundmaterial geborgen werden, das die herausragende Stellung des Fundplatzes belegt. Der Beitrag endet mit einer zusammenfassenden Präsentation weiterer möglicher spätlatènezeitlicher Zentralsiedlungen im Stammesgebiet der Veneter.
- Published
- 2020
35. The ministry, its divisions, and the parlement of Paris, 1785–1786.
- Author
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Price, Munro
- Abstract
One crucial aspect of the warfare at Versailles after 1783 was its speedy spread to other parts of the political nation. The most important victim of this process was the parlement of Paris. By 1787 Calonne and Breteuil had between them accomplished the most destructive political feat of the reign of Louis XVI – the crippling of the parti ministériel. By mid-1784, the senior magistrates had beaten off the attacks of the lower chambers and their clique of allies in the grand'chambre over judicial and criminal reform. A period of calm would no doubt have ensued had they had a stable ministry at Versailles with which to negotiate. This, unfortunately, was precisely what was denied them. Part of the problem was Breteuil. The queen's favourite minister was boxed in at the maison du roi by his enemies, and his only way of breaking out of this lay in extending his field of operations to Paris. The main target of his manoeuvres was Calonne, and this is hardly surprising. As John Hardman has pointed out, there was an institutional as well as a personal rivalry between the two men. There was a considerable overlap in the competences of the maison and the contrôle, especially where the administration of Paris was concerned. If Breteuil was checked at Versailles, it was logical for him to use his influence in the capital to undermine Calonne's financial operations on the bourse and the passage of edicts and loans through the parlement. A deeper cause of the subsequent upheavals lay in the personality of Calonne himself, and his abysmally low standing with the magistrature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The politics of retrenchment, 1783–1785.
- Author
-
Price, Munro
- Abstract
Judicial reform was only one aspect of the political instability of the mid-1780s. The seat of the problem lay at Versailles itself, in the ministerial upheavals and realignments that began in October 1783. In a sense, stability was never regained, since factional warfare on the conseil now became endemic. Most disturbing of all was the way in which these conflicts came to draw in the rest of the political nation – public opinion, finance, and the magistrature. The final crisis of the ancien régime hardly came unheralded. The initial conflict at court in this period was between Vergennes and Miromesnil, and their opponents. The alliance of the queen's ministers and the société against the comité des finances emerged strengthened from the crisis of October 1783. Castries and Ségur remained in office, but d'Ormesson was replaced by Calonne, a candidate of the société. Finally, the ailing and mediocre Amelot was pushed out of the maison du roi in mid-November to make way for that long-standing rival of Vergennes, the baron de Breteuil, whose links with the queen and her société were well known. The interest of the ministerial politics of these years lies in the way in which, from a very unpromising start, Vergennes gradually fought his enemies to a standstill. His ally Miromesnil had managed to beat off the attacks on his own position by mid-1784. Vergennes' contribution, the most crucial of all, was to detach Calonne from the opposition and turn him into an ally of the ruling faction. Calonne's adherence eventually brought with it, through a complex series of manoeuvres and financial transactions, that of most of the société de la reine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The politics of judicial reform.
- Author
-
Price, Munro
- Abstract
At the moment of d'Ormesson's dismissal, on 2 November 1783, Vergennes' position could not have been more precarious. The comité des finances, his power-base, had been destroyed by internal dissensions. He himself had been forced to within a hair's-breadth of resignation by the revelation of his dubious dealings over Fravemberg and Welferding. His status was now threatened by two new candidates for the ministry, Calonne and Breteuil, who seemed likely to join the ranks of his opponents, Castries and Ségur, and force him and Miromesnil, his only remaining ally, from office. On 19 December, the marquis de Bombelles could refer in his journal to: ‘M. de Vergennes who, decidedly, has passed from the shadow of his former authority and credit to the absolute nadir of power’. The most important – and neglected – consequence of the crisis of October 1783 was a progressive loss of control by the ministry over the parlement of Paris. This began modestly, in late 1783 and early 1784, but the events of these months began a process that was to culminate in the diamond necklace affair and the chaos of the pre-revolution. Political stability in the reign of Louis XVI, as pioneered by Maurepas, had rested on close co-operation between the court and the parti ministériel in the grand'chambre of the parlement. Vergennes and Miromesnil had inherited and built upon this consensus, and had used it to underpin the comité des finances. From November 1783, however, this political pact began to break down. That month the comité des finances was dismantled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Recalled to life.
- Author
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Price, Munro
- Abstract
Some time in late June 1774, Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, ambassador of the court of Versailles to that of Sweden, was sitting in his study in Stockholm reading a letter. This commonplace scene, however, marked the apogee of his career to date. The communication on his desk was from the young Louis XVI, who had just ascended the throne following the death of his grandfather Louis XV the previous month. Setting a pattern for all the new king's future correspondence, it was short and to the point: The due d'Aiguillon having resigned from his posts, the good that I hear spoken of you from all sides, as well as your diplomatic skill, has led me to choose you to replace him in the department of foreign affairs. Therefore come as soon as you can: in taking your leave you should present my compliments to the king of Sweden. It will give me great pleasure to see you. Louis. It was a surprising twist of fortune that had brought Vergennes to this pinnacle. Just four years earlier, he had been in virtual disgrace, abruptly recalled after thirteen years as ambassador to Constantinople after a disagreement with the then foreign minister, the due de Choiseul. Now, after an intervening three years of risky but successful diplomacy at Stockholm, he stood in the same position as the minister who had tried to end his career. The circumstances of Vergennes' early disgrace crystallised his political viewpoint at a critical juncture and had repercussions that went well beyond the moment of his rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Paying for war.
- Author
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Wood, James B.
- Abstract
“WITHOUT MONEY ONE CAN DO NOTHING” Within days of the departure from Paris in late November 1567 of the “bien belle et grande armée” which her son the duke of Anjou was to lead in the fruitless pursuit of the Huguenots across Champagne during the second civil war, the queen mother, Catherine de Medici, wrote indignantly to Anjou's principal military advisor, Marshal Cossé, I would be very distressed if you or others believed that I would want to risk the lives of so many good men, such good servants of this crown as you all are, and the life of my son, which I cherish more than my own, by a reluctance to find the money to pay those who are in the camp and the good subjects of my son the King. Because, God's Mercy, he sent his brother with his army paid for one month, and on the tenth of this month begins the payment of another. I hope to send him what will be necessary to pay the sum that falls due at that time, and on the twentieth, the payment for the remainder of the army, which is not due so soon. I am certain that I will have the money to pay it and to shame all those whom you say will abandon my son for lack of payment, for I cannot believe, having left their homes and come with such affection, for the most part without having been ordered to the aid of the King my son, and having proved their good will in this last battle, as you witnessed, such men would ever want to forsake my son for such a flimsy reason, in such a just and reasonable cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The artillery train.
- Author
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Wood, James B.
- Abstract
“FOR WANT OF A NAIL …” “My good man, I am beside myself that if only I had had six cannons and enough ammunition to fire two thousand rounds, this town was ours,” wrote the duke of Guise to Gonnor, later Marshal Cossé, from Orléans on February 7, 1563. After pausing for rest and reorganization after the battle of Dreux, the royal army under his leadership had marched against Orléans and in a swift attack seized the faubourg of Le Portereau, and the Tournelles, the twin towers guarding the bridge which passed over the Loire to the heavily defended island of Les Mottes and thence into the city itself. But despite this initial success the attack was stillborn, for the army's heavy artillery train was missing, mired in a primitive road network made impassable by heavy winter rains. Guise's army would have to wait several weeks before receiving enough of the thirty-odd heavy guns and munitions it would eventually deploy in its preparations for a final assault on the city. But in the meantime the duke himself, mortally wounded by an assassin, would be removed from the scene, leaving the queen mother in a position to negotiate an end to the war and the peaceful surrender of Orléans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The camp and army of the king.
- Author
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Wood, James B.
- Abstract
THE MILITARY LEGACY The royal army was not created de novo for the purpose of fighting the civil wars. On the contrary, there were important aspects of the army as it existed at mid-century that could not and would not be modified as the wars unfolded. Some of these inherited aspects would make the royal army a formidable fighting force and contribute in large measure to its successes. But, as we shall see, some of these same continuities as well as other inherited features represented weaknesses and rigidities that, exacerbated by civil war, would significantly limit the army's effectiveness and contribute to its failures. Weakness and limitations were probably not, however, on the mind of King Henry II of France as he and his retinue arrived at the village of Pierrepont, in Picardy, to review the royal army, on August 8, 1558 — near the midpoint of the last of the Hapsburg—Valois wars that had disturbed Europe's international affairs for more than half a century. According to François de Rabutin, the future historian of those wars, and one of the men-at-arms present at the review, The king came to Pierrepont to see his army arrayed and ordered in battle formation, the place being, as I have said, convenient for the assembly of one of the finest and most complete armies ever put in the field by a king of France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Pénurie de main-d'œuvre et dispositifs localisés d'insertion dans les pêches maritimes en Bretagne.
- Author
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Gouzien, Annie
- Abstract
Copyright of Travail et Emploi is the property of DARES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Fossil maerl beds as coastal indicators of late Holocene palaeo-environmental evolution in the Bay of Brest (Western France).
- Author
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Ehrhold, Axel, Jouet, Gwenaël, Le Roy, Pascal, Jorry, Stéphan J., Grall, Jacques, Reixach, Théo, Lambert, Clément, Gregoire, Gwendoline, Goslin, Jérôme, Roubi, Angélique, Penaud, Aurélie, Vidal, Muriel, and Siano, Raffaele
- Subjects
- *
HOLOCENE Epoch , *CORALLINE algae , *ESTUARINE sediments , *CLIMATE change , *WATER depth - Abstract
The Bay of Brest (BB) is a mixed, tide-dominated estuarine system. The shore terraces of this bay are occupied by modern free-living (calcareous) coralline algae locally termed "maerl", organized in bed-like morphologies (rhodolith deposits). Cores retrieved from around the bay reveal fossilized primitive maerl beds of Holocene age, interbedded in sandy-silt sedimentation. The alternation between biogenic constructions and estuarine sedimentation may provide evidence of varying environmental conditions of the late-Holocene period. This paper mainly focuses on the results of chronostratigraphic and bio-sedimentological interpretations of coring data collected in less than 15 m of water depth in an attempt to decipher the main stages of maerl colonization in the bay. In particular, this study raises several significant points allowing to draw links between centennial to millennial-scale climatic changes in marine estuary sedimentation and episodes within the development of maerl biocenoses. The paleo-bathymetry of the coastal terraces has not changed significantly over the last 5000 years. Yet, the first maerl occurrence only appeared around 2000 cal yr B.P., likely showing that the environmental conditions were not favorable for their emergence prior to that time. Pioneer maerl beds developed on coarse shell deposits inherited from the paleostorms affecting the Atlantic coasts during the colder climatic period of the Iron Age (3100–1950 cal yr B.P.). The accumulations then aggraded at various and discontinuous rates, sometimes reaching up to 2.1 m/kyr. Maerl beds temporarily disappeared in the southern part of the Bay of Brest when sedimentation rates increased throughout the bay during the Dark-Age cold period (1375–1250 cal yr B.P.), suggesting that maerl formations could not keep up with sedimentation rate exceeded a certain threshold. Muddy sedimentation conditions also dramatically changed on two occasions, with the establishment of coarse storm levels, set at the intervals 825–600 cal yr B.P. (MWP) and 113–0 cal yr B.P. But maerl deposits reseed the environment as a result of each new cold period, demonstrating the persistence of such coralline algae against drastic palaeoenvironmental changes in coastal areas. • Stratigraphy of late-Holocene estuarine sediments reveals interbedded maerl beds. • First maerl occurrence in the Bay of Brest is dated around 2000 cal yr BP. • Development of maerl beds coincides with the onset of colder and drier climates. • Maerl building phases are disrupted by periods of climate deterioration. • Coarse sedimentary deposits are associated with increased paleostorm activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Seismically induced shale diapirism: the Mine d’Or section, Vilaine estuary, Southern Brittany
- Author
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Van Vliet-Lanoe, B., Hibsch, C., Csontos, L., Jegouzo, S., Hallégouët, B., Laurent, M., Maygari, A., Mercier, D., and Voinchet, P.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Bird disturbance on conservation sites in Brittany (France): the standpoint of geographers
- Author
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Le Corre, Nicolas, Gélinaud, Guillaume, and Brigand, Louis
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Performing Identities, Displacing Homelands: Transnational Poetics in the Theatre of Paol Keineg.
- Author
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de Saussure, Annie
- Subjects
NEGRITUDE ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,NATIONALISTS ,AMBIGUITY ,CONTRADICTION ,POETICS ,IRISH literature - Abstract
Copyright of Nottingham French Studies is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. 'Terres vaines et vagues': Ecocriticism and Breton Wastelands in Visual and Literary Representation.
- Author
-
Coughlin, Maura
- Subjects
WASTE lands ,ECOCRITICISM ,PERSONAL beauty ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,MAGIC ,NOSTALGIA - Abstract
Copyright of Nottingham French Studies is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Late Bronze Age archaeometallurgical hoards surveys from France (1350 to 800 BCE).
- Author
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Costa, Ké, Brun, Patrice, and Mille, Benoit
- Subjects
BRONZE Age ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL assemblages ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems - Abstract
Metal artifacts, constituting hoards, were deliberately abandoned for various reasons. In order to study hoards, an interdisciplinary, mainly metallic, database was created as part of the DEPOMETAL research program, and work on elemental compositions of copper-based artifacts was carried out on a national scale. A statistical protocol allowing chronological and geographical clustering of artifacts was developed and combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to characterize elemental compositions. For the period between 1350 and 1150 BCE, elemental compositions differ significantly between East and West France. Between 1150 and 950 BCE, there is a strong influence from the Alpine culture up to the mid-western part of France. This observation highlights relationships already observed for previous periods, but never demonstrated for this one. Between 950 and 800 BCE, the difference with the previous period is the revival of the Atlantic networks in mid west France. The study offers a new perspective on supply networks for the end of the Bronze Age in France. The cultural, and therefore identity defining, factors strongly influenced supply networks and also influenced the location of exploited deposits. This conclusion is innovative in the case of the Atlantic coast, which is often still presented as copper-free and dependent on alpine imports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Femmes engagées dans la chouannerie : motivations, modalités d’actions et processus de reconnaissance (1794-1830)
- Author
-
Solenn Mabo, Tempora ( EA 7468), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
- Subjects
Women. Feminism ,french revolution ,lcsh:HN1-995 ,civil war ,Révolution française ,genre ,Brittany ,gender ,Civil War ,lcsh:Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,French Revolution ,guerre civile ,Engagement ,Guerre civile ,commitment ,Gender ,HQ1101-2030.7 ,Bretagne ,lcsh:Women. Feminism ,Commitment ,Révolution Française ,Genre ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,lcsh:HQ1101-2030.7 ,HN1-995 ,engagement - Abstract
International audience; In western France, during the restoration of the French monarchy, between 1825 and 1830, many women from modest backgrounds filed pension applications so that their commitment to the royalist uprising called “chouannerie” (1794-1800) be recognized. In their pension claims, they set out the various forms of their involvement in the civil war. They explained how they took part in the rebellion by giving refuge to the royalist fighters or engaging in other strategic missions. This set of documents is original and relatively unexplored. This documentation may be helpful to examine, from a gender perspective, the process of recognizing the non-combattant commitments. How did they prove an informal involvement that happened long ago ? Did they obtain the same recognition as men for their involvement in the guerilla movement ? Beyond the issue of recognition, the types of actions led by these women and their motivations also need to be addressed. The purpose of this paper is to study the specificity of feminine commitment in the context of the chouannerie and to ponder on the reasons why women were opposing the revolutionary change. Furthermore, this paper raises the difficult issue concerning the relations between resistance, commitment and emancipation.; Sous la Restauration, dans les départements de l’Ouest, de nombreuses femmes d’origine modeste déposent des demandes de pensions pour obtenir la reconnaissance des services qu’elles ont rendus aux royalistes sous la Révolution. De l’asile aux insurgés aux missions plus stratégiques, elles exposent la nature de leur mobilisation dans le contexte de la guerre civile de la chouannerie (1794-1800). Ce corpus de dossiers de pensions, original et peu exploité, invite à réfléchir, au prisme du genre, aux processus de reconnaissance des engagements non combattants. Comment attester d’actions anciennes, menées dans un cadre largement informel ? Les femmes obtiennent-elles au même titre que les hommes la reconnaissance de leur engagement ? Au-delà des mécanismes de la reconnaissance, nous verrons dans quelle mesure cette documentation apporte un éclairage utile sur les conditions et les modalités d’actions des femmes qui se sont engagées dans ce contexte de guérilla. La spécificité de l’engagement de ces femmes, mobilisées contre les changements à l’œuvre, invite aussi à interroger l’épineuse question des relations entre résistances, engagements et émancipations.
- Published
- 2017
50. Facing climate injustices: Community trust-building for climate services through arts and sciences narrative co-production
- Author
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Juan Baztan, Jean-Paul Vanderlinden, Lionel Jaffrès, Bethany Jorgensen, and Zhiwei Zhu
- Subjects
Climate services ,Co-production ,Narrative ,Arts and Sciences ,Transdisciplinary ,Brittany ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
The goal of this paper is to analyze how and with what results place-based climate service co-production may be enacted within a community for whom climate change is not a locally salient concern. Aiming to initiate a climate-centered dialogue, a hybrid team of scientists and artists collected local narratives within the Kerourien neighbourhood, in the city of Brest in Brittany, France. Kerourien is a place known for its stigmatizing crime, poverty, marginalization and state of disrepair. Social work is higher on the agenda than climate action. The team thus acknowledged that local narratives might not make much mention of climate change, and recognized part of the work might be to shift awareness to the actual or potential, current or future, connections between everyday non-climate concerns and climate issues. Such a shift called for a practical intervention, centered on local culture.The narrative collection process was dovetailed with preparing the neighbourhood’s 50th anniversary celebration and establishing a series of art performances to celebrate the neighbourhood and its residents. Non-climate and quasi-climate stories were collected, documented, and turned into art forms. The elements of climate service co-production in this process are twofold. First, they point to the ways in which non-climate change related local concerns may be mapped out in relation to climate change adaptation, showing how non-climate change concerns call for climate information. Secondly, they show how the co-production of climate services may go beyond the provision of climate information by generating procedural benefits such as local empowerment – thus generating capacities that may be mobilized to face climate change. We conclude by stressing that “place-based climate service co-production for action” may require questioning the nature of the “services” rendered, questioning the nature of “place,” and questioning what “action” entails. We offer leads for addressing these questions in ways that help realise empowerment and greater social justice.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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