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Copyright of Angles: French Perspectives on the Anglophone World is the property of Societe des Anglicistes de l Enseignement Superieur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The coast of Brittany hosts one of the largest seaweed forests in Europe, collected for several centuries, but today subject to climatic change. By an ethnoecological survey, this paper investigates the seaweed collectors' perception of the changes and hazards that affect their resources. We explored how hazards change their practices and adaptive capacity through strategy and ecological knowledge. Their knowledge evolved rapidly due to their interaction with the natural environment and exchange with scientists, generating new types of knowledge and management practices better adapted to expected future biodiversity change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the shoreline changes of coastal accumulations (sandy and gravel beaches/barriers) of Brittany (Western France). Three long, medium, and short term spatio-temporal scale observations are taken into consideration for the assessment of shoreline dynamics at this regional scale. Firstly, the long-term shoreline position evolution is based on a comparison of two sets of aerial orthophotos (1949-1952 and 2006-2009). A total of 652 beaches were analyzed in order to map and quantify erosion (35% of the total studied coastline), stability (38%), and accretion (27%) over the last 60 years. In detail, these percentages vary significantly according to the beach/barrier morphologies (spits vs pocket beaches), sediment composition (sandy vs gravelly), and hydrodynamic context (exposed vs sheltered). Secondly, a pluri-annual (i.e., medium-term) shoreline change analysis based on five representative beaches was conducted. This analysis was also based on image processing using sets of aerial photos taken every five years over the last 60 years (1948-2013). Results show an alternation of significant erosion- and accretion-dominated periods (respectively EDP and ADP), with six main EDP (i.e., periods 1962-1968, 1977-1978, 1980-1985, 1987-1990, 1993-1997, and 2013-2014) related to an increase in the frequency of extreme water levels associated with storm events. Finally, the short-term change analysis based on high-frequency monitoring of 11 sites was carried out over the period 1998-2017. These surveys, based on field topo-morphological measurements, highlight the impact of five morphogenetic events associated with significant storm events: 1998-2000 (storms Lothar and Martin in December 1999), 2008 (storm Johanna on March 10, 2008), the winter of 2013-2014 (a cluster of storms in January, February, and March 2014), 2016 (storm Ruzica/Imogen on February 8, 2016) and 2018 (storm Eleanor on January 2, 2018). A relevant recovery phase, which took place between 2008 and 2012 due to the calm and cold winters, was also recognized. The identification of parameters involved in shoreline variations at these three timescales is important for future management options of the Brittany coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aims to understand the recurring climatic conditions prevailing during the largest storms reaching NW France (Brittany). These storms are responsible for the breaching of coastal barriers and major flooding of lowlands. In a first part of our work, we examine the morphological impact and stratigraphic record of storm events along Western Brittany rocky coasts, with a special focus on the southern coast of the Bay of Audierne, the most exposed coast of the region. In a second paper (‘Middle- to Late-Holocene Storminess in Brittany (NW France): Part II’), we shall focus on the chronology of storm events and their climate forcing conditions. Drilling transects and stratigraphic analyses were first undertaken to constrain chronology, strength and wind direction during the main Holocene storm events. New dates, observations and a relative sea-level (RSL) curve were then used to inform discussion of the necessary climatic and morphologic conditions leading to destructive storm events. Most recorded events appear to be linked with cooling episodes of the Holocene and a RSL close to present. Some storms are clearly responsible for breaching and dune building or remobilisation. We demonstrate that storm frequency and intensity appear to rise in a stepwise manner during the late Holocene. Maximum efficiency is reached during the ‘Little Ice Age’ with clustered events probably lasting several days, but major storms also occurred immediately prior to the ‘Medieval Warm Period’. We suggest that recent coastal dune building from c.ad 1100 until now, despite a sea level close to present and continuously rising, may be a direct consequence of the restoration of beaches after periods of recurrent storminess. This building activity often occurred during dry negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events, in connection with the available sedimentary supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on Breton identity, its historical development and specific ethnic differences from the majority population. A significant part deals with the Breton language from a historical and current point of view. The article is based on primary and secondary data which were obtained from field research in Brittany. Despite intolerance and repression from France, the Breton minority has remained unique until today. In the 20th century, repressions from the French state caused denial of identity by Bretons themselves. These repressions had a negative effect especially on the regional Celtic language which is considered an endangered language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates particulate phosphorus (PP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations at the outlet of a small (5 km²) intensively farmed catchment to identify seasonal variability of sources and transport pathways for these two phosphorus forms. The shape and direction of discharge-concentration hystereses during floods were related to the hydrological conditions in the catchment during four hydrological periods. Both during flood events and on an annual basis, contrasting export dynamics highlighted a strong decoupling between SRP and PP export. During most flood events, discharge-concentration hystereses for PP were clockwise, indicating mobilization of a source located within or near the stream channel. Seasonal variability of PP export was linked to the availability of stream sediments and the export capacity of the stream. In contrast, hysteresis shapes for SRP were anticlockwise, which suggests that SRP was transferred to the stream via subsurface flow. Groundwater rise in wetland soils was likely the cause of this transfer, through the hydrological connectivity it created between the stream and P-rich soil horizons. SRP concentrations were the highest when the relative contribution of deep groundwater from the upland domain was low compared with wetland groundwater. Hence, soils from non-fertilized riparian wetlands seemed to be the main source of SRP in the catchment. This conceptual model of P transfer with distinct hydrological controls for PP and SRP was valid throughout the year, except during spring storm events, during which PP and SRP exports were synchronized as a consequence of overland flow and erosion on hillslopes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revisits the French region of Brittany on the basis of sustained empirical research over a 25-year period. It identifies the twin use of influence and identity as forming a key part of an accepted and largely diffused territorial repertoire, based on affirming distinctiveness for reasons of vertical linkage, as well as horizontal capacity building. This article explores the different facets of this model of territorial influence. The two twin dimensions concern: first, a well-versed mechanism of lobbying central institutions and actors to defend the Breton interest; second, the use of territorial identity markers to forward the regional cause, relying on social movements and a broad capacity for regional mobilization. Within this overarching context, the Breton case demonstrates an intelligent instrumental use of identity and identity markers, but mainstream Breton forces recognize that this only makes sense in the light of the national level of regulation and structure of opportunities. The logic of this position is to integrate the Brittany region into a national model of territorial integration, while playing up identity markers to secure the maximum benefit for the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to provide a historiographical overview of the Irish migrations to France from the second half of the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. Over the last fifteen years, research on Irish migrations to France and the rest of Europe during this period has generated an impressive amount of scholarship, thus demonstrating how this can be considered a phenomenon which anticipated the great Irish diaspora of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bay of Quiberon (NW France), which is protected by the Quiberon Peninsula, provides well-preserved sedimentary archives for high-resolution reconstruction of Holocene climate variability. Very-high-resolution seismic profiles were obtained from two Seistec boomer seismic campaigns conducted in the bay. The seismic surveys reveal the deposition of five distinct sedimentary units. This succession is correlated with radiocarbon-dated sediments sampled in a long CASQ core (MD08-3204CQ). The analysis of the sediments shows significant changes in grain size, indicating a complex series of palaeo-climate events dated at 8800, 8600, 4270, 3860, 2470 and 1060 cal. yr BP. These may be correlated with millennial timescale climate variability corresponding to the phases of Holocene rapid climate changes (RCCs), associated with negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and usually characterized by weaker winter storms. On the contrary, periods between RCCs are characterized by the predominance of westerly winds and stormy conditions for Brittany (i.e. positive NAO). However, only storm events occurring during the RCCs have been preserved in the Bay of Quiberon. This paper aims to reconstruct the Holocene sedimentary infill of the bay, highlighting the role of episodic acceleration phases of the sea-level rise on the preservation of sedimentary archives. Thus, the Bay of Quiberon provides substantially a complete sedimentation record of the last 10,000 years characterized by a series of complex palaeo-environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the recurring climate conditions required for the largest storms occurring in NW France (Brittany). It is based on the analysed records of storm events along Western Brittany coast (see Part I). In this manuscript (Part II), storm recurrence is explored along with forcing mechanisms. Periods of more frequent storm events over the two last centuries are analysed first in order to link these events with possible forcing mechanisms (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) modes) triggering the most destructive storms. Then, palaeostorm events are discussed at the Holocene scale, from 6000 yr BP to present, to verify the forcing mechanisms. Most recorded events appear to be linked with cooling episodes, mostly in winter, a transition to or from a negative winter NAO mode, a positive AMO mode. Extreme storms occur immediately prior to the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (MWP). Maximum effects are reached prior to the onset of the MWP and during the Maunder and Dalton solar minima. Low storm activity occurred during the Spörer Minimum linked to an acceleration of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Main storm triggers seem to correspond to a positive AMO mode with an unstable jetstream configuration driving a negative NAO. In this study, four specific weather configurations were defined to explain each type of recorded storminess. The strongest storms correspond to low AMO and decennial-negative NAO modes (e.g. ‘Little Ice Age’), or high AMO in association with dominant low NAO modes, as during the early Middle Age and present-day period. Fresh or warm oceans in association with a positive NAO mode are stormy but with very low sting storms frequency. Although in agreement with the orbital forcing and the Holocene glacial history, increasing storm frequency and intensity is most probably partly biased by continuous sea-level rise and resulting erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wrestling is a worldwide activity, defined by some universal logics and taking various forms. There are many geographically or culturally based wrestling styles that are generally considered traditional. Wrestling itself is the signifier of different dimensions, being altogether a challenge, a cultural element and a liminal interaction between the imaginary and the body. It is an example of body culture considered as a collective symbolic wealth, diffused by the reputation of some techniques and the association with some cultural or social groups. The notion of tradition is associated with the sports and rooted in a customary and cross-generational mode of transmission. This paper examines the cases of kurash (Uzbekistan), gouren (Brittany, France) and kokh (Armenia), three wrestling styles that recently experienced or are still experiencing an institutionalisation process. These symptomatic wrestling styles face the question of conciliating uniqueness and adaptation to the cultural framework of sport. In addition, they constitute forms of symbolic capital and signifiers of different values, which adds the question of cultural legitimacy to sport management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adeptus is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Land cover and land use changes can have a wide variety of ecological effects, including significant impacts on soils and water quality. In rural areas, even subtle changes in farming practices can affect landscape features and functions, and consequently the environment. Fine-scale analyses have to be performed to better understand the land cover change processes. At the same time, models of land cover change have to be developed in order to anticipate where changes are more likely to occur next. Such predictive information is essential to propose and implement sustainable and efficient environmental policies. Future landscape studies can provide a framework to forecast how land use and land cover changes is likely to react differently to subtle changes. This paper proposes a four step framework to forecast landscape futures at fine scales by coupling scenarios and landscape modelling approaches. This methodology has been tested on two contrasting agricultural landscapes located in the United States and France, to identify possible landscape changes based on forecasting and backcasting agriculture intensification scenarios. Both examples demonstrate that relatively subtle land cover and land use changes can have a large impact on future landscapes. Results highlight how such subtle changes have to be considered in term of quantity, location, and frequency of land use and land cover to appropriately assess environmental impacts on water pollution (France) and soil erosion (US). The results highlight opportunities for improvements in landscape modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization scholars frequently debate the impact of globalization on minor or subcultures. Many fear that globalization will lead to the homogenization of culture as the influence of western culture creates what one writer referred to as a sort of cultural imperialism (Veseth 66), pushing less dominant cultures to the brink of extinction. In this paper, the author examines two specific subcultures to determine how they have fared in the face of globalization: the Breton culture of France, and the French Cajun culture of Louisiana in the United States. These two subcultures were selected since one occurs in the United States, commonly recognized as the main perpetrator of cultural homogenization around the world, while the other lies in a country often cited for its resistance to globalization. In recent years, both the Breton culture and the Cajun culture have gained a more favorable image and stronger cultural identity after suffering decline in the mid twentieth century. An analysis of their transformation leads to conclusions about cultural homogenization and the survival of minor cultures that may be applied to other cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pénestin section (southern Brittany) presents large regular undulations, commonly interpreted as evidence of periglacial pingos. It is an upper Neogene palaeoestuary of the Vilaine River reactivated during the middle Quaternary (middle terrace). It is incised into a thick kaolinitic saprolite and deformed by saprolite diapirs. This paper presents the arguments leading to a mechanistic interpretation of the deformations at Pénestin. Neither recent transpressive tectonics nor diagnostic evidence of periglacial pingo have been found despite evidence for a late paleo-permafrost. The major deformational process is shale diapirism, initially triggered by co-seismic water supply, with further loading and lateral spreading on an already deformed and deeply weathered basement, which allowed the shale diapirism to develop. Deformations are favoured by the liquefaction of the saprolite and a seaward mass movement and recorded, rather distant, effects of an earthquake (c. 280 ka B.P.) resulting from the progressive subsidence of the southern Armorican margin. These deformations triggered by an earthquake are similar to those induced by classical shale diapirism. They are probably common in tectonically active continental environments with shallow water table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bird disturbance by human activities is one of the impacts related to human presence at conservation sites in Brittany (France). This paper is an attempt at reviewing this relatively unknown problem through the results of an international bibliographical review and of a regional inquiry conducted in close collaboration with managers of the conservation areas in Brittany. These two approaches will help to demonstrate the extent and complexity of the human / fauna interactions, as well as to take stock of the state of research in this field and, last but not least, to highlight the difficulties managers of conservation sites are facing to deal with this new issue. For the managers, bird disturbance is indeed the most important impact related to human attendance on conservation sites in Brittany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage organisations depend on public support, which presupposes a reputation for responsible custodianship, technical expertise, sound financial management and sensitivity to conflicting public expectations (e.g. conservation and public access). Public support, however, can be fickle; a reputation can be severely damaged in a few days as a result of an unexpected crisis. Heritage managers have traditionally adopted a reactive approach to crisis handling. Such approaches frequently give rise to panic-driven responses, which amplify the scale of the original crisis and lead to a breakdown of trust among stakeholders. Having explored some examples of crises in the management of the archaeological heritage, this paper concludes with a case for managers to develop proactive crisis-management strategies. The proposed framework recognises its symbiotic relationship with the disciplines of strategy and reputation management. It incorporates three key elements: the identification and evaluation of risks; procedural arrangements for operating in a disaster situation; and effective communications to ensure the continuing support of stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-indigenous seaweed species have been introduced to the coasts of Brittany, France for decades, with an increasing arrival rate since the 1970s due to both the introduction of the Pacific oyster and increased maritime traffic. In this study, seven species of red macroalgae originating from the Pacific Ocean were found in new locations around the coasts of Brittany between 2018 and 2022. The seaweed species belong to four different orders: Ceramiales (Antithamnion hubbsii, Polysiphonia morrowii, and Symphyocladiella dendroidea), Halymeniales (including Pachymeniopsis lanceolata and Polyopes lancifolius), Rhodymeniales (Botryocladia wrightii), and Gigartinales (Solieria sp.). The dispersal mode and putative invasive potential of each species were examined, and the species were described in terms of their macroscopic and microscopic appearance and habitat. These finds result from a combination of citizen science and long-term monitoring. Used together, these two approaches can aid in the detection of these species on other European coasts and in understanding their dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DEAN K. G. (1987) The disaggregation of migration flows: the case of Brittany, 1975–1982, Reg. Studies 21, 313–325. In contrast to most inter-regional studies of migration, which have sought to illuminate total migratory flows or net migration through multiple regression analysis, this paper disaggregates inflows and outflows to reveal the characteristics of migrants in terms of gender, age, economic activity and occupation. This is done for Brittany in the most recent inter-census period (1975–82) in order to elaborate and apply a descriptive model of counterurbanization based on six demographic tacets. In terms of this model Brittany is found to be a fairly well-developed example. Implications for the conceptualization and explanation of counterurbanization trends are discussed. DEAN K. G. (1987) La désagrégation des flux migratoires: cas d'étude de la Bretagne de 1975 à 1982, Reg. Studies 21, 313–325. Par rapport à la plupart des études inter-régionales sur la migration qui ont cherché à mettre au jour ou les flux migratoires globaux ou le solde migratoire à partir d'une analyse de régression multiple, cet article désagrège les flux positifs et négatifs pour laisser voir les caractéristiques des migrants en fonction du sexe, de l'âge, de l'activité économique et de la catégorie socio-professionnelle. A fin de mettre au point et mettre en oeuvre un modèle descriptif de ‘rurbanisation’ à partir de six caractéristiques démographiques ce processus se fait pour la Bretagne sur la dernière période intercensale, à savoir de 1975 à 1982. II en résulte que la Bretagne, d'aprés ce modèle, est un exemple plus ou moins avancé. II s'ensuit une discussion des retombées pour ce qui concerne la conceptualisation et l'explication des tendances en faveur d'une ‘rurbanisation’. DEAN K. G. (1987) Aufschlüsselung von Wanderbewegungen: der Fall der Bretagne im Zeitraum, 1975–1982, Reg. Studies 21, 313–325. Im Gegensatz zur Mehrzahl der interregionalen Untersuchungen von Wanderungen, die die Gesamtheit der Wanderbewegungen oder der Nettowanderung durch multiple Regressionsanalyse zu erhellen suchten, betrachtet diese Abhandlung Einwanderungs-und Auswanderungsbewegungen getrennt, um die charakteristischen Merkmale der Wanderer in Bezug auf Geschlecht, Alter, wirtschaftliche Leistung und Beschäftigung zu erschliessen. Dies wird in der Bretagne für die letzte Zwischenzensus-periode (1975–82) durchgeführt, um ein beschreibendes, auf sechs demographischen Aspekten basierendes Modell der Counterurbanisation auszuarbeiten und anzuwenden. Gemessen an den Richtlinien dieses Modells erweist sich die Bretagne als ein ziemlich gut entwickeltes Beispiel. Implikationen für die Begriffsbildung und Erklärung der Tendenz zur Counterurbanisation werden diskutiert. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents data on the evolution of agricultural landscapes in Brittany from the end of the Atlantic chronozone to the Mediaeval period (450 BC-AD 1600), using soil micromorphology in a multidisciplinary palaeoenvironmental context. Buried soils and unburied sediments associated with archaeological structures in Brittany were examined. The study of well dated archaeological buried soils gives new information on the way the landscape of Brittany was affected by human impact, which has disturbed the Atlantic soil balance since the start of the Neolithic and has been a major factor in soil acidification in Brittany. Deforestation of primary woodland occurred however, over a long period. The analysis of down-slope sediment accumulation shows that colluviation of loam-rich soils was stimulated by deforestation and agriculture. Micromorphological study of archaeological ditches shows that some microscopical features are difficult to interpret in unburied conditions, especially in modern cultivated contexts, but that this can be done after comparison with experimentally reconstructed (or similar traditional) structures. Such results help our understanding of the history of bocage (land enclosure). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Evidence of how illumination workshops functioned within commercial manuscript production has, for the most part, been lost to time. Therefore, the remnants of workshop practices that have survived provide a rare window into the inner workings of such workshops. This annotation considers a key system located in the New Haven, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, MS 1216, often referred to as the Clumber Park Chartier. It provides some suggestions as to how the key system may have functioned as a form of communication to coordinate members of the illumination workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Running continually from 1905 to 1939, with albums appearing sporadically until the 1960s, Les Aventures de Bécassine (Caumery and J.P. Pinchon, 1905-1939) straddled the divide between old-style illustrés and bona fide bandes dessinées (BD). Its heroine, Breton servant Bécassine, was incredibly popular, spawning dolls, films and other merchandise. The character is particularly notable for being the first female star of modern BD. Response to Les Aventures de Bécassine has been mixed, due to the series' problematic, stereotypical depiction of Brittany and Bretons: the country is backward, the inhabitants are credulous and unintelligent. Beyond this, however, is the presence of Bécassine as a rare female character in BD. She functions both as a figure of fun and as a role model for her readers, undertaking many exciting activities (pilot, tram inspector, intrepid traveller, etc). The series gives an insight into the upheaval French society underwent in the early years of the twentieth century, and is of particular use regarding the changing place of women. It demonstrates the tensions between the 'old world' of French nobility and the new modernity, offering an exploration of women's new opportunities in a fast-changing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viticulture and wine production are facing climate change. While it can be a challenge in some regions, it is an opportunity for others. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology to assess climatic characteristics and potential for viticulture of new areas, through spatial analyses of data from temperature-based grapevine models (the Grapevine Flowering Veraison model -GFV and the Grapevine Sugar Ripeness model -GSR) during current and future periods. A deadline for veraison was set on the 1st of September for dry wine and on the 15th of September for sparkling wine. Different sugar levels were targeted for the production of different wine styles (170 g·L-1 for sparkling wine, 190 g·L-1 and 200 g·L-1 dry white and red wines, respectively) on the 15th of October. The methodology was applied over the region of Brittany (France) to assess the potential to produce different wine styles from 6 grapevine varieties ('Sauvignon blanc', 'Chardonnay', 'Chenin', 'Pinot noir', 'Cabernet franc' and 'Cabernet-Sauvignon'). Observed data from the Météo-France weather stations network and an 8-km gridded climate model data from the 2014 EUROCORDEX simulation set (CNRM-CM5/RCA4 climate model) were used over the past (1950-2020) and future periods (2031-2060 and 2071-2100) under two GHG emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). Climatic conditions of this region seem to be increasingly suitable in the future depending on climate scenario, time period projections and targeted types of wine. The methodology can be applied to any emerging winegrowing region with the ability to adjust variety choices, time lines and sugar levels thresholds as desired to meet the needs of a specific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brittany which is one of the main European areas in term of animal compound feed production and high protein feed consumption, is for his supply strongly dependant on external areas including foreign countries and other French regions. A prospective work based on a simulation model named FEEDSIM has been developed at the regional level associating economics actors and local public administrations. This paper presents some methodological aspects, some general hypothesis concerning three scenarios at the 2015 horizon and some results concerning more specifically regional animal productions and means of supplying (nature of meals and cakes used in compound feed industry and in direct, transportation by road and rail, activities of the different Britain and Atlantic area ports, etc.). This paper also presents some main orientations for the continuation of this work.

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to thoroughly examine the remotely sensed wind characteristics around the coasts of Brittany as well as some more specific areas. The offshore wind power potential is then assessed. To achieve this objective, information on wind speed and direction with sufficient spatial and temporal sampling under all weather conditions and during day and night is required. This study uses more than 12 years (December 1999–December 2012) of consistent remotely sensed data retrieved from the ASCAT and QuikSCAT scatterometers to estimate the conventional moments and associated wind distribution parameters. The latter are comparable to wind observations from meteorological stations. Furthermore, combining in-situ and scatterometer wind information enables an improved assessment of the spatial and temporal wind structures at specific locations of interest to be made. The wind statistical results are used to study the spatial and temporal patterns of the wind power. Although the main parameters characterizing wind power potential such as mean, variability, maximum energy, wind speed and intra-annual exhibit seasonal features, significant inter-annual variability is also depicted. Furthermore, differences are found between the wind power estimated for northern and for southern Brittany. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In shallow, tidal seas, daily total seabed light is determined largely by the interaction of the solar elevation cycle, the tidal cycle in water depth, and any temporal variability in turbidity. Since tidal range, times of low water, and often turbidity vary in regular ways over the springs–neaps cycle, daily total seabed light exhibits cycles of the same periodicity. Corresponding cycles are likely to be induced in the daily total primary production of benthic algae and plants, particularly those light-limited specimens occupying the lower reaches of a sub-tidal population. Consequently, this effect is an important control on the growth patterns, depth distribution and survival of, for example, macroalgal forests and seagrass meadows. Seasonal changes in daylength exert an important additional control on these cycles, as they alter the fraction of the tidal and turbidity cycles occurring within daylight hours. Bowers et al. (1997) modelled this phenomenon numerically and predicted that for a site with low water at about midday and midnight at neaps tides, 6am and 6pm at springs, daily total seabed light peaks at neaps in winter, but the ‘sense’ of the cycle ‘switches’ so that it peaks at springs in summer — the longer daylength permits the morning and evening low water springs to contribute substantially to the daily total. Observations for such a site in North Wales (UK), presented in this paper, show that no such ‘switch’ occurs, and neaps tides host the largest daily totals throughout the year. The predicted ‘switch’ is not observed because turbidity increases generally at spring tides, and specifically at low water springs, both of which were not accounted for in the model. Observations at a second site in Brittany (France), diametrically opposite in terms of the times of low water at neaps and at springs, indicate a peak at springs throughout the year. Analytical tools are developed to calculate the percentage of daily total sea surface irradiance reaching the bed at a site of interest on any given day, and to determine the sense of any springs–neaps cycle thereof for a given season. The conditions required for a ‘switch’ are explored graphically, resulting in the identification of criteria (and a useful parameter) for predicting their occurrence. Consequences for the growth patterns, depth limits and long-term survival of benthic algae and plants are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Travail et Emploi is the property of DARES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Bay of Brest (BB) is a mixed, tide-dominated estuarine system. The shore terraces of this bay are occupied by modern free-living (calcareous) coralline algae locally termed "maerl", organized in bed-like morphologies (rhodolith deposits). Cores retrieved from around the bay reveal fossilized primitive maerl beds of Holocene age, interbedded in sandy-silt sedimentation. The alternation between biogenic constructions and estuarine sedimentation may provide evidence of varying environmental conditions of the late-Holocene period. This paper mainly focuses on the results of chronostratigraphic and bio-sedimentological interpretations of coring data collected in less than 15 m of water depth in an attempt to decipher the main stages of maerl colonization in the bay. In particular, this study raises several significant points allowing to draw links between centennial to millennial-scale climatic changes in marine estuary sedimentation and episodes within the development of maerl biocenoses. The paleo-bathymetry of the coastal terraces has not changed significantly over the last 5000 years. Yet, the first maerl occurrence only appeared around 2000 cal yr B.P., likely showing that the environmental conditions were not favorable for their emergence prior to that time. Pioneer maerl beds developed on coarse shell deposits inherited from the paleostorms affecting the Atlantic coasts during the colder climatic period of the Iron Age (3100–1950 cal yr B.P.). The accumulations then aggraded at various and discontinuous rates, sometimes reaching up to 2.1 m/kyr. Maerl beds temporarily disappeared in the southern part of the Bay of Brest when sedimentation rates increased throughout the bay during the Dark-Age cold period (1375–1250 cal yr B.P.), suggesting that maerl formations could not keep up with sedimentation rate exceeded a certain threshold. Muddy sedimentation conditions also dramatically changed on two occasions, with the establishment of coarse storm levels, set at the intervals 825–600 cal yr B.P. (MWP) and 113–0 cal yr B.P. But maerl deposits reseed the environment as a result of each new cold period, demonstrating the persistence of such coralline algae against drastic palaeoenvironmental changes in coastal areas. • Stratigraphy of late-Holocene estuarine sediments reveals interbedded maerl beds. • First maerl occurrence in the Bay of Brest is dated around 2000 cal yr BP. • Development of maerl beds coincides with the onset of colder and drier climates. • Maerl building phases are disrupted by periods of climate deterioration. • Coarse sedimentary deposits are associated with increased paleostorm activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nottingham French Studies is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nottingham French Studies is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metal artifacts, constituting hoards, were deliberately abandoned for various reasons. In order to study hoards, an interdisciplinary, mainly metallic, database was created as part of the DEPOMETAL research program, and work on elemental compositions of copper-based artifacts was carried out on a national scale. A statistical protocol allowing chronological and geographical clustering of artifacts was developed and combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to characterize elemental compositions. For the period between 1350 and 1150 BCE, elemental compositions differ significantly between East and West France. Between 1150 and 950 BCE, there is a strong influence from the Alpine culture up to the mid-western part of France. This observation highlights relationships already observed for previous periods, but never demonstrated for this one. Between 950 and 800 BCE, the difference with the previous period is the revival of the Atlantic networks in mid west France. The study offers a new perspective on supply networks for the end of the Bronze Age in France. The cultural, and therefore identity defining, factors strongly influenced supply networks and also influenced the location of exploited deposits. This conclusion is innovative in the case of the Atlantic coast, which is often still presented as copper-free and dependent on alpine imports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to analyze how and with what results place-based climate service co-production may be enacted within a community for whom climate change is not a locally salient concern. Aiming to initiate a climate-centered dialogue, a hybrid team of scientists and artists collected local narratives within the Kerourien neighbourhood, in the city of Brest in Brittany, France. Kerourien is a place known for its stigmatizing crime, poverty, marginalization and state of disrepair. Social work is higher on the agenda than climate action. The team thus acknowledged that local narratives might not make much mention of climate change, and recognized part of the work might be to shift awareness to the actual or potential, current or future, connections between everyday non-climate concerns and climate issues. Such a shift called for a practical intervention, centered on local culture.The narrative collection process was dovetailed with preparing the neighbourhood’s 50th anniversary celebration and establishing a series of art performances to celebrate the neighbourhood and its residents. Non-climate and quasi-climate stories were collected, documented, and turned into art forms. The elements of climate service co-production in this process are twofold. First, they point to the ways in which non-climate change related local concerns may be mapped out in relation to climate change adaptation, showing how non-climate change concerns call for climate information. Secondly, they show how the co-production of climate services may go beyond the provision of climate information by generating procedural benefits such as local empowerment – thus generating capacities that may be mobilized to face climate change. We conclude by stressing that “place-based climate service co-production for action” may require questioning the nature of the “services” rendered, questioning the nature of “place,” and questioning what “action” entails. We offer leads for addressing these questions in ways that help realise empowerment and greater social justice.