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Large immigration flows during the 1995-2007 period increased the weight of foreigners living in Spain to 12 % of the total population. The rapid increase in unemployment associated with the Great Recession and the subsequent European debt crisis, substantially changed migration flows, so that, from the beginning of the 2010s, Spain experienced positive net outflows. In this paper, we take on three tasks. First, we show that sensitivity of migration flows to unemployment is similar between Spaniards born in Spain and foreigners that entered in Spain during the last 20 years. Second, we estimate the importance of past network effects of foreigners and the recent network effects of Spaniards in shaping these migration flows. Finally, we will use these estimations to conjecture that the rapid creation of networks of Spaniards abroad might keep their emigration rates growing, thus counterbalancing the effects of outflows due to the recent fall in the unemployment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to debate the dynamics existing between users of and trainers in a home care course for illegal immigrants in Barcelona. The analysis of these dynamics reveals the ambivalence of the help and support devices used by immigrants. These devices expose distant and top-down social positions (Spanish citizen /immigrant-foreigner), as well as alliances between users and trainers based on their shared identification as "employees" vis-à-vis the "lady of the house". Our analysis also reveals the importance of care work for the reproduction of life and also the lack of social recognition, low pay and poor legal coverage this type of job gets in the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a critical examination of the most recent developments in Spanish practice relating to the control of irregular immigration. It analyses the commitments being made in the framework of the European integration process and their implications for the control of external borders as well as the agreements concluded by Spain - treaties and non-binding agreements (memorandums of understanding, etc.) - aimed at controlling flows of people. In this context, the article also gives attention to Spain's international obligations on human rights taking its impact on the issue and the most recent internal developments into account - both in legislative changes approved and those being enacted as administrative practice. In light of the foregoing, a critical assessment of these developments and events (e.g. "hot returns") is submitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the outflows of the foreign-born population resident in Spain; specifically, it examines the variations in the probability of emigrating and the intensity of self-selection during the different phases of the economic cycle. In order to do this, survival analysis models were calculated using data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey between 2005 and 2010. The results show, on the one hand, an increase in the probability of emigrating from the start of the recession; and on the other hand, that the probability of emigrating is higher among immigrants with worse employment outcomes and a poorer educational background, as suggested by Neo-classical Economics. However, the effect of unemployment and of the deficit in human capital has been decreasing since 2008. That is, during the recession, negative self-selection is reduced compared to the period of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the outflows of the foreign-born population resident in Spain; specifically, it examines the variations in the probability of emigrating and the intensity of self-selection during the different phases of the economic cycle. In order to do this, survival analysis models were calculated using data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey between 2005 and 2010. The results show, on the one hand, an increase in the probability of emigrating from the start of the recession; and on the other hand, that the probability of emigrating is higher among immigrants with worse employment outcomes and a poorer educational background, as suggested by Neo-classical Economics. However, the effect of unemployment and of the deficit in human capital has been decreasing since 2008. That is, during the recession, negative self-selection is reduced compared to the period of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although school is usually considered the most promising institution for the social and economic integration of young people of migration background, the educational outcomes of young people of Ecuadorian background signal a broken promise. Their families, peers, and teachers mediate the effect of the intersections of age, gender, class and ethnicity. Using 15 biographical interviews and 10 expert interviews, this paper studies the role of schools in social mobility and integration under the circumstances of high levels of school attrition, rampant youth unemployment, lack of absorption of migrants' human capital and relative poverty. The findings point at different levels of institutional discrimination related to the curriculum, teacher-student relationship, peer relations and family factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the impact that the current economic crisis is having on the extent to which education protects migrants and natives from unemployment in Spain. To do so, we use random constant models on a pooled sample of respondents to the Labour Force Survey (LFS) from 2003 to 2012. Specifically, we analyse the market value of the educational credentials held by African, Latin American and East European migrants compared with Spanish males aged 16–50. Our conclusions indicate that inequality in the returns provided by education to migrants and natives has been growing fast in recent years. In other words, migrants have been less able to grant themselves an employment through their education than natives since 2008 when the Spanish economy started to contract and that this process has also been speeding up since. We also identify important differences within the migrant category: while the potential to prevent unemployment among better-educated migrants from Eastern Europe decreased during the economic recession, it is Africans and Latin Americans who are worse off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the social integration process of children of immigrants from Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe in Almería (Spain). We study the social integration process in the following dimensions: socioeconomic, mixed relationships, cultural references, norms (rules of conduct), transnationality and psychosocial factors. Data were obtained by the administration of a questionnaire. The results show that the origin is a key variable in defining the social integration process. Furthermore there are other important variablesthat affect the integration process of immigrants, such as human capital, the (social) environment or religious patterns. Taking into account the variety of elements involved in the integration of immigrants in Almeria, we would speak of integration as a fragmented process which doesn´t reflect any linear logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an exploratory content analysis has been developed for a case study on the topic of immigration reported in the regional newspapers of the largest Spanish autonomous community, Castilla and Leon. This study based its research conceptualization on the framing theory in mass communication. In addition to usual issue frames and issue images, two framing devices were established for analytic variables -- the index of importance and the index of affective attribute. They formed a frame package capable of making latent frames evident by their linkage to manifest frames. Comparing to the general assumption of relevant-bad-news production, results obtained in this study proved that, on occasion, negative news stories could be reported as less relevant than the positive ones. The outcomes also show how concept mapping of frames was applicable to immigration issues and immigrants' visual aspects of immigrant communities that were systematically articulated and disseminated by the press in this regional society of Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we offer an initial assessment of the impact of the economic crisis on Spain's migration flows. After a period of intensive economic growth and the ensuing immigratory appeal (1995-2007), Spain has been hit hard by the recession. This has modified the trends that had so far characterized foreign immigration in Spain. The impact of the economic recession has been particularly severe in the case of immigrant workers and, consequently, from an institutional point of view, the Spanish government has adopted various measures to restrict the arrival of new immigrants: it has reduced work permit quotas and it has modified the Foreign Residents Law, toughening residence permit requirements. It has also tried to encourage voluntary returns with a programme devised to provide assistance to immigrants originating from countries with which Spain has social security agreements. The response to this programme has, however, been very limited. Immigration flows have continued and rates of return have stayed low, although new trends are also detectable, such as a decrease in the number of irregular arrivals and a rise in informal employment, as well as differences in the impact of unemployment according to nationality and gender. This reveals the complexity of migration processes beyond the supply and demand of labour and the political will to regulate human mobility. Consequently, immigration patterns in Spain reveal the degree of complexity reached by human mobility, which has increased beyond the logic of the labour market and the government's attempts at regulating migration flows by means of institutional measures. The immigrants' hope of raising their standard of living and the socio-economic differences between source and receiving countries, even at a time of severe economic crisis, do still serve as explanations for current migration networks, one of the key points in the current debate on international migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 2008 onwards, the economic crisis experienced by countries such as Spain marked a turning point in migratory flows. As a result, faced with the serious reality of unemployment and the precariousness of the Spanish labour market, the option of return has become the last resort for some immigrants, and an attractive strategy for governments (of both countries of origin and destination), which attempt to manage return using special programmes. From this point of view, the aim of this paper is to examine the assisted voluntary return programmes in Spain and Bolivia and their suitability to the dynamics of return, beginning with an exhaustive review of the programmes and the perceptions on them expressed by Bolivian immigrants as part of the survey «Circulation and Return», carried out within the framework of the RETTRANS project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crisis has started a new migration cycle in Spain. As an effect of the restrictive measures taken and the depth of the crisis, migrant inflows have reduced and outflows have increased, the latter especially among Latin Americans. This paper explores the impact of the crisis on migrant people and their families in terms of unemployment, of declining living conditions, and of legal uncertainty. In this situation, a growing minority of immigrants, particularly Latin Americans, implement transnational strategies such as return, circular migration and others. Notwithstanding this, most immigrants are facing the crisis here, combining work, social and family strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main effects of the current crisis is re-emerging phenomenon of Spanish emigration, especially since year 2011. This paper examines the growth of emigration from 2008 to 2012, using disaggregated data by origin, age, sex as well as geography detail at provincial level from the Residential Variation Statistics. The analyses distinguish between native-born and foreign-born with and without the Spanish nationality, and highlight recent trends as a result of the prolonged economic recession and its impact on international migration. Although the use of this dataset which contains time series data enable us to provide a relevant picture of the main demographic profiles of current emigration, the data too have uncertainties embedded within, not least because many of the new emigrants have not registered yet at the destination country. However, the data examination allows us to identify different patterns, including the main recipient countries as well as the provincial geography of emigration, and the main demographic profiles of emigrants. The results shed some light of what could be considered as Neo-Hispanic migration given the apparent diversity of outflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's aim is twofold: on the one hand, I will try to tackle the issue of Romanian migration into Spain and the way it is understood and fictionally described/invoked by fifteen Spanish contemporary novelists. On the other hand, by providing a four-type classification of the perceptions they offer to readership, I hope to open further discussions on whether these perceptions may influence the Spanish society's expectations and perhaps even the Romanian diaspora's reactions. According to my classification, the perspectives on Romanian society and culture would fall into four categories: (1) the recent history of Romania, the fall of the communist dictatorship and Romanian society; (2) the underworld of prostitution, procurement, begging and crime; (3) the Romanian community in Spain: integration, difficulties, daily coexistence; (4) the eternal seduction of vampires and Bram Stoker's revival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the relationship between island and city in the configuration of an insular identity. The hypothesis addresses the special visibility that, in the case of small islands, results from the confrontation between two relevant singularities – the city and the island – in the symbolic conceptualization of territory. The opposition between island contexts and urban spaces is thus considered in terms of the local/global and rural/urban binaries. These are analysed in contemporary cultural representations of the relationship between the island of Mallorca and its historical and administrative capital, Palma. Since the 1960s, Mallorca has become a mass tourism destination with a considerable demographic impact, especially in the capital, which is the island's gateway for both tourism and immigration. This paper considers geographical, literary and media discourses along with particular mass-consumption cultural products to argue that Palma is represented as a predatory 'monster' devouring the island's 'local' identity. It is argued that different types of neo-ruralism have emerged and reinforced the opposition between the island and the city. This opposition underlies a process of counter-acculturation that delineates and strengthens Mallorcan self-representation in a context defined by an increasingly diverse population as a result of tourism and migratory flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Romania joined the European Union in 2007, a massive wave of Romanian immigrants reached the Western countries in search for work, and the most significant migration took place in the Spanish kingdom. They were not the first Romanians to arrive in Spain, so they added their number to that of those who immigrated before, in the two decades after the fall of the Communist regime. Many Romanian children were born in Spain, so when they reached school age, they were at best bilingual; nevertheless, there are children who need to take Romanian classes in school, as they chose not to learn their native tongue at home. Our article analyzes the ways Spanish influence their pronunciation and orthography of Romanian, based on test papers and homework that demonstrate the level of confusion produced in these children by their bilingualism, with Castilian being their first choice of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spanish cinema has recently joined as a central theme the human mobility processes (especially international) and the construction of subjectivities in the context of the departure and receiving migrant groups. But the perceptive density of migration as a cinematographic "phenomenon" has as its counterpart the occupation of political, cultural and media agendas by the imaginary of migration, building a vision of Spain as a destination for immigrants from 1990. The purpose of this paper is a brief reading of the central notions of this cinematic otherness taking aim at the construction of the 'alien' group, 'exiles', 'diasporics' and 'Illegals' in some of the most representative Spanish movies dealing with the relations between cinema, memory and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to extend the utility of ethnography to the planning of successful integration policy and programs for immigrants. I posit that, through a better understanding of the multiple and intersecting contexts in which immigration is located, especially in regard to how culture informs the way that host nationals frame immigration, policy makers and social scientists can work together to formulate policies and programs appropriate to local contexts that are more successful at fostering communities of inclusion and cohesion. Findings from a small ethnographic study completed in Andalusia, Spain, illustrate how experience-near approach, ethnographic research reveals opportunities for co-operation between host nationals and newcomers that can be used by policy makers and others concerned with the welfare of immigrants to foster integration and to promote social cohesion. In doing so, findings from this study demonstrate that culture is not simply a contested site used by members of the dominant group to exclude newcomers, but also a site in which there is the potential for co-operation between members of a community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the effects of electoral cycles on municipal police expenditure. We use a database with information on Spanish municipalities with more than 20,000 inhabitants for the period 2001–2008. Our data show that incumbents increase police spending 1 year before the elections, thus we confirm an electoral budget cycle on police expenditure in Spain. We also find that conservative parties are associated with increased spending on public safety. Population has a positive and significant impact on police expenditures per capita, which indicates diseconomies of scale. The theory on sub-national government spending shows that intergovernmental transfers per capita and taxes per capita are believed to impact local expenditures. Our model fits this assumption, showing a significant and positive influence of both variables on police expenditures. Finally, our model reports a positive impact of both immigration and economic level on police spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal configuration of kinship ties in immigration law is governed by a restrictive logic that combines a dependent and nuclear composition with mismatches in the concrete form of managing the distances, the dynamics and the times at origin and destination. The family model in immigration law has an ideal and dominant approach openly excluding other family realities in the social context. Law in an inherent tendency towards the ideal doesn't allow a legitimate choice between autonomy and individual freedom in order to define or not the family project and own relationships. In this paper I discuss from a critical approach the inconsistencies presented by the current Spanish immigration law to restructure households in the family reunification scheme because of Law doesn't secure a suitable degree of equality and justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educación y Humanismo is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

International migratory movements tend to produce the reality of divided families that are located in at least two different places. The literature on divided or transnational families and family reunification movements has shown how the socio-demographic determinants in origin and the socio-economic and institutional factors in destination drive these processes. Assuming that migratory movements are the result to a large extent of specifically familial dynamics and strategies, in this paper we are interested in exploring whether other elements associated to the country of origin and to the relationship between country of origin and country of destination have a discernible influence on the family results of migration and, specifically, on the separation and subsequent reunification of the immigrant families. This complex set of elements builds on the playing field where migratory decisions are taken. The Spanish case, characterized by a sudden explosion of international immigration between 2000 and 2007 and significant numbers of Latin American migrants arriving during these years, is a particularly suitable scenario to investigate this phenomenon. The empirical analysis will be mainly based on the National Immigrant Survey of Spain (2007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the changes that higher education and socioeconomic improvements make in the roles of Equatorial Guinea women among those who have migrated to Spain and other European countries. The androcentric gender construction of roles of women, which they acquired in Equatorial Guinea, is in conflict with their roles in European contexts and in some cases presents contradictions in the lives of those women both before and after they return to Equatorial Guinea. In this ar-ticle I argue that the experience of Equatorial Guinean women in Spanish society has encouraged them to strive for an equality with males that presents problems to them if and when they return to Equatorial Guinea. I provide some examples of the various ways in which Equatorial Guinean women who return cope with the conflict between traditional Equatorial Guinea roles for women and the visions that they acquired of women's roles in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain has one of the highest levels of early school leaving and educational failure of the European Union. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the anatomy of early school leaving in Spain and its characteristics. In order to do so, in the first part we discuss the measurement problems related with this concept and the evolution of drop-out rates in Spain. We argue that the published figures of early school leaving slightly underestimate the phenomenon, and discuss the impact of the increase in immigration rates on the level of educational failure and its very unequal distribution in terms of gender. In a second part, using data from the Labour Force Surveys of 2000 and 2007, we explore the factors behind educational failure by means of a logistic regression. The results of this model confirm the explanatory power of social reproduction hypotheses, but also show that there are important aspects of the patterns and recent evolution of early school leaving which cannot be explained by a single theoretical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the past 20 years labour has become increasingly mobile and whilst employment and earnings effects in host countries have been extensively analysed, the implications for firm and industry performance have received far less attention. This paper explores the direct economic consequences of immigration on host nations' productivity performance at a sectoral level in two very different European countries, Spain and the UK. Whilst the UK has traditionally seen substantial immigration, for Spain the phenomenon is much more recent. Our findings from a growth accounting analysis show that migration has made a negative contribution to labour productivity growth in Spain and a negative but negligible contribution in the UK. This difference is driven by a positive impact from migrant labour quality in the UK. This finding broadly holds across all sectors, but we note considerable variation in magnitudes. Labour productivity growth has a neutral contribution from migrant labour in construction and personal services in the UK, whilst in every case in Spain the effect is negative, most strongly in agriculture. Using an econometric approach to production function estimation we observe a positive long term effect on total factor productivity from migrant workers in the UK and a negative effect in Spain. Our findings suggest that either the UK is better at assimilating migrants or is more selective in terms of who is permitted to migrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the question of the political incorporation of Romanian immigrant organizations in Spain. By looking at the immigrant associations and the religious organizations, we propose an analytical framework that reveals a better understanding of why some organizations are more successful than others in being visible and gaining policy influence in the receiving context. To that extent, we show how the political opportunity structures in Spain and Romania, the transnational religious solidarity and the organizational resources play out in the process of political incorporation of immigrant organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is threefold: 1) to compare the impact of the Normalisation of 2005 with the new Settlement Programme established in 2006; 2) to analyse the trajectories of applicants from both programmes after their regularisation; 3) to examine the regularisation of applicants who were unable to qualify in their first attempt via the Normalisation or, subsequently, through the Settlement Programme. Two approaches have been implemented: one cross-sectional, to analyse the volume and intensity of entry, and the other longitudinal, to monitor the trajectories of applicants from both programmes. Specific data from 2005 to 2010 from the Government Representation Office in the Province of Barcelona have been used. Whilst the results shed some optimism on both programmes, they also demonstrate the difficulty of regularisation in times of economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a critical examination of the management of irregular migration flows in Spain and the legal principles and administrative practices implemented by the State in the process of expulsion that legitimise the existence of Immigrant Detention Centres (CIE). It also provides a description of the current situation of the CIE, and reports on the most recent proposals made by the Spanish government to improve the management of CIE in response to pressure exerted by civil society organisations, especially after public protests regarding the death of two inmates in December 2011 and January 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of immigration preferences on electoral outcomes in Spain is understudied. This paper hypothesises that, even in the absence of a radical right party, immigration preferences can be associated with mainstream voting when they are incorporated into established axes of political conflict. The analyses show that the electoral strength of immigration preferences is connected with the strength of the centre–periphery cleavage in Spain. More specifically, immigration preferences are a stronger determinant of the vote for parties with relatively more pro-decentralisation stances, among individuals with more coherent immigration and decentralisation attitudes, and in regions where the centre–periphery cleavage is stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Access to a nationality from a European Union (eu) country has become a key migration strategy for people from outside the eu and their families. This paper explores access to Spanish citizenship, through an innovative methodology, "net-nography". We analyzed an Internet discussion group (41 000 posts and 2 860 individuals), where migrants share their concerns about the cumbersome Spanish naturalization process. We identify a series of strategies to access Spanish citizenship that seek to maximize the possibilities given by residence experience in Spain or Spanish ancestry (a sort of family endowment that we call "ethnic capital" here). These factors create an unequal pattern in the "geography of naturalization", marked by the history of Spanish emigration and immigration policies, woven together in the complex web of the personal experiences of migrants, who are constantly faced with the question: residence or ancestry? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using sampling techniques to obtain demographic and social information on the immigrant population requires a specifically designed survey. To guarantee the reliability of results, the sample design should not be limited to commonly used demographic variables, but should also consider the immigrants' year of arrival. If this variable is not included in the initial design or subsequent adjustments of the survey, there is a high risk that its estimate will be biased, thereby affecting the estimates of all variables correlated with the year of arrival. The paper analyses the Spanish case for two reasons. Firstly, because Spain has an administrative source-the Municipal Population Register-which records migrants irrespective of their legal situation, so the figures it provides may be a good reference for comparing the estimates generated from the surveys. Secondly, in addition to the migration information provided by the Spanishlabour Force Survey, data from a new specific survey of the immigration population- the National Immigrants Survey-2007-were also available to us. The existence of these three separate sources makes Spain the best testing ground in Europe for evaluating the reliability of sampling techniques to measure migration flows. Although the analysis is carried out essentially with Spanish statistical information, it will be shown that the problems are also common to other European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El destacado auge de la inmigración en España durante la última década ha tenido consecuencias sociales y educativas de gran alcance, poniendo de relieve la importancia de una buena gestión de los flujos, a fin de conjurar en lo posible el peligro de segregación para familias y alumnos de origen foráneo. En este artículo tratamos de analizar cómo se distribuye el alumnado de origen inmigrante en los centros educativos gallegos. Después de la aplicación de los correspondientes índices, comprobamos que los niveles de segregación en la citada Comunidad Autónoma son objetivamente bajos. Terminamos dando cuenta de varias razones que podrían explicar este hecho diferencial respecto del conjunto estatal. Y concluimos que todos los esfuerzos en contra de la segregación escolar precisan anteponer primero la efectividad en los resultados a la calidad en los procesos.The significant immigration boom in Spain over the last decade has had far-reaching social and educational consequences, highlighting the importance of good management of migratory flows in order to avert as much as possible the danger of segregation for families and students of foreign origin. This article is aimed at analysing the way pupils of immigrant origin are distributed in Galician educational institutions. After applying the relevant indices, we found that the levels of segregation in the above-mentioned autonomous community are objectively low. The paper ends by providing possible explanations that could account for this difference with respect to other parts of Spain. In addition, we conclude that all efforts against school segregation require putting the effectiveness of the results before the quality of the processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse how female migrants fare in the Spanish labour market, a country that has experienced impressive immigration flows during the last decade. Particularly, we explore the differential access to employment and the earning gap faced by this group, considering the interaction between two potential sources of disadvantage for migrant women: gender and migrant condition. Our findings suggest that migrant women do face this double disadvantage. In both cases, we find an economically significant gap, at least for migrants from developing countries. Regarding the former, the larger unemployment rate of female migrants is not explained by observable characteristics. In the case of earnings differential, although human capital endowments play a relevant role, both the unexplained earnings penalty associated with gender and migrant status slightly rise across the distribution of wages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The topic of regularization of immigrants has occupied a position high on the agenda in Spain and elsewhere. In this paper, we contribute to this particular issue by providing an evaluative case study in Spain using administrative data from the Province of Barcelona from 2005 to 2009, which allows survival analysis, the follow-up of migrants' trajectories after regularization and the examination of the hazard of lapsing back into irregularity. Our analysis reveals critical differences on the effectiveness of two pathways to earned legalization in Spain as a policy: the 2005 Normalisation and the Settlement Program in full operation since 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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March H., Perarnau J. and Saurí D. Exploring the links between immigration, ageing and domestic water consumption: the case of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, Regional Studies. Mediterranean urban environments are increasingly undergoing structural or temporary episodes of water stress, which may lead to decreases in the use of water. Taking the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (MAB) as a case study, this paper argues that socio-demographic factors may also contribute to explain decreases in per-capita urban consumption values. Using a generalized linear mixed model with panel data information for the period 2003–2007 for twenty-three municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, including the ten districts of Barcelona, an attempt is made to examine the role of immigration and ageing in explaining these reduced average consumptions per capita. March H., Perarnau J. et Saurí D. Examiner les liens entre l'immigration, le vieillissement et la consommation ménagère de l'eau: étude de cas de la zone métropolitaine de Barcelone, Regional Studies. Dans les milieux urbains méditerranéens, l'eau est soumise de plus en plus à des efforts pour des raisons structurelles ou à des périodes passagères, ce qui peut amener à une baisse de la consommation de l'eau. Se servant de la zone métropolitaine de Barcelone comme étude de cas, cet article affirme que des facteurs socio-démographiques pourraient aussi expliquer les baisses de la consommation urbaine par tête. A partir d'un modèle mixte linéaire généralisé employant des données provenant d'une enquête à échantillon permanent pour la période allant de 2003 à 2007 sur vingt-trois municipalités de la zone métropolitaine de Barcelone, y compris les dix districts de Barcelone, on cherche à examiner le rôle de l'immigration et du vieillissement afin d'expliquer les baisses de la consommation moyenne par tête. Consomamtion ménagère de l'eau?Immigration?Vieillissement de la population?Zone métropolitaine de Barcelone Modèles mixtes linéaires généralisés March H., Perarnau J. und Saurí D. Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Immigration, Alterung und privatem Wasserverbrauch: eine Fallstudie des Großraums Barcelona, Regional Studies. Die Stadtgebiete des Mittelmeerraums leiden immer häufiger unter strukturellen oder temporären Episoden von Wassermangel, die zu einem verringerten Wasserverbrauch führen können. Anhand einer Fallstudie des Großraums Barcelona wird in diesem Beitrag argumentiert, dass soziodemografische Faktoren ebenfalls zu einer Erklärung des Rückgangs des Pro-Kopf-Verbrauchs in der Stadt beitragen könnten. Mit Hilfe eines generalisierten linearen Mischmodells mit Paneldaten für die 23 Gemeinden des Großraums Barcelona (einschließlich der zehn Distrikte von Barcelona) aus dem Zeitraum von 2003 bis 2007 wird versucht, die Rolle der Immigration und Alterung bei der Erklärung des gesunkenen durchschnittlichen Wasserverbrauchs pro Einwohner zu untersuchen. Privater Wasserverbrauch?Immigration?Altern der Bevölkerung?Großraum Barcelona?Generalisierte lineare Mischmodelle March H., Perarnau J. y Saurí D. Explorando las conexiones entre inmigración, envejecimiento, y consumo doméstico de agua: el caso del Área Metropolitana de Barcelona, Regional Studies. Los ambientes urbanos mediterráneos están sufriendo periodos más recurrentes de estrés hídrico que pueden llevar a disminuciones en el uso de agua. Seleccionando el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona (AMB) como caso de estudio, el artículo argumenta que algunos factores socio-demográficos pueden explicar también la disminución en el consumo doméstico de agua por capita. En este sentido, mediante el uso de Modelos Lineales Generalizados Mixtos y datos de 23 municipios para el periodo 2003–2007, el artículo examina el rol que la inmigración y el envejecimiento pueden tener en estas reducciones de consumo. Consumo doméstico de agua?Inmigración?Envejecimiento de la población?Área Metropolitana de Barcelona (AMB) Modelos lineales generalizados mixtos [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article has its origins in my doctoral dissertation, submitted to the University of Barcelona in 2011. As a part of the investigation's theoretical framework, it explores the sociopolitical and symbolic context through which, since the mid-80s in Spain, the migration from non-EU countries has become a focus of intervention and public debate mediated by metaphors of otherness and negative differentiation. The paper explores three interrelated issues: (i) the dynamics of labor migration in Europe since the post-war period until the 1973 oil crisis; (ii) the political, administrative and legal dynamics that began to emerge in the Spanish context thereafter, designed to regulate immigration, and (iii) the set of representations and discursive strategies around non-EU immigration and immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The relationship between crime and immigration has been a matter of controversy in the United States and around the world. This paper investigates empirically the case of Spain. From 1999 to 2009, Spain had a large wave of immigration from different areas of the globe. At the same time, crime rates increased. However, in comparison with other European countries that received similar massive immigration waves during the same period, crime rates in Spain increased less considerably. We show that there is a significant relationship between crime and immigration. Nevertheless, the explanation is found in the specific characteristics of the different immigrant groups, particularly in the amount and type of human capital, which result is largely in tune with the previous studies on U.S. immigration and crime. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The objective of this paper is to analyse immigrants' transition to homeownership in Spain from a life-course approach, utilising homeownership as an indicator of the integration process. We use data from the National Immigrant Survey that allows for a longitudinal analysis of this transition in Spain. Results have shown strong differences in homeownership depending on immigrant's country of birth. The length of stay in Spain, marriage and transnational ties with the country of origin were also demonstrated to be relevant factors in the analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]