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Start Over Topic genetic engineering Publication Year Range Last 50 years
5 results

1. Integration of renewable deep eutectic solvents with engineered biomass to achieve a closed-loop biorefinery.

Author

Kim KH, Eudes A, Jeong K, Yoo CG, Kim CS, and Ragauskas A

Subjects
Alcohol Oxidoreductases chemistry, Alcohol Oxidoreductases genetics, Aldehydes chemistry, Aldehydes metabolism, Arabidopsis metabolism, Biomass, Interdisciplinary Research, Lignin chemistry, Lignin genetics, Plants, Genetically Modified genetics, Plants, Genetically Modified metabolism, Solvents chemistry, Arabidopsis genetics, Biofuels, Genetic Engineering, Lignin biosynthesis
Abstract

Despite the enormous potential shown by recent biorefineries, the current bioeconomy still encounters multifaceted challenges. To develop a sustainable biorefinery in the future, multidisciplinary research will be essential to tackle technical difficulties. Herein, we leveraged a known plant genetic engineering approach that results in aldehyde-rich lignin via down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase ( CAD ) and disruption of monolignol biosynthesis. We also report on renewable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) synthesized from phenolic aldehydes that can be obtained from CAD mutant biomass. The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana CAD mutant was pretreated with the DESs and showed a twofold increase in the yield of fermentable sugars compared with wild type (WT) upon enzymatic saccharification. Integrated use of low-recalcitrance engineered biomass, characterized by its aldehyde-type lignin subunits, in combination with a DES-based pretreatment, was found to be an effective approach for producing a high yield of sugars typically used for cellulosic biofuels and biobased chemicals. This study demonstrates that integration of renewable DES with plant genetic engineering is a promising strategy in developing a closed-loop process., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2019
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2. Engineering microbes for direct fermentation of cellulose to bioethanol.

Author

Liu H, Sun J, Chang JS, and Shukla P

Subjects
Cellulase, Fungal Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Biofuels, Cellulose metabolism, Ethanol metabolism, Fermentation, Genetic Engineering
Abstract

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) by micro-organisms is desired for efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol fuels. Potential candidates have been discovered, including cellulolytic bacteria and filamentous fungi. Genetic and metabolic manipulation of these organisms further promotes their fermentation capacities and the ethanol tolerance. In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and several other yeasts were genetically modified to express recombinant cellulases in media or display them on the cell surface for CBP of cellulose. To compensate the insufficient capacity of a single strain, various microbial consortia have also been developed. In this article, we reviewed the recent advances in CBP microbes and focused on the efforts in strain improvement employing genetic engineering.

Published
2018
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3. What Corporations Want

Author

McGill, Clearance, Williams, Ernie, Paper, Scott, Adams, Rudy, Wheeler, Foster, Neiger, Bob, and Davis, Ollie

Published
1983

5. Genetically engineered T cells bearing chimeric nanoconstructed receptors harboring TAG-72-specific camelid single domain antibodies as targeting agents

Author

Zahra Sharifzadeh, S. Moein Moghimi, Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh, Davoud Ahmadvand, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Fereidoun Mahboudi, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran]-Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Nano-Science Center [Copenhagen], Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), and This paper was supported by Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, the Biotechnology Committee of Tarbiat Modares University (TMU-88-8-67), Tehran, Iran and from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovative (det Strategiske Forskningsråd) reference 09-065746/DSF to SMM.

Subjects
Cancer Research, Leukemia, T-Cell, medicine.medical_treatment, T cell, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, T-Lymphocytes, Biology, Lymphocyte Activation, Transfection, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Antibody Specificity, Antigens, Neoplasm, Peptide Library, medicine, Animals, Humans, Chimeric antigen receptor, 030304 developmental biology, Glycoproteins, 0303 health sciences, Immunogenicity, CD28, Immunotherapy, Single-Domain Antibodies, Molecular biology, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Oligoclonal single domain antibodies, Receptors, Antigen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, TAG-72, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunoglobulin G, Colonic Neoplasms, biology.protein, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Antibody, Genetic Engineering, Camelids, New World, HT29 Cells, Signal Transduction
Abstract

International audience; Despite the preclinical success of adoptive therapy with T cells bearing chimeric nanoconstructed antigen receptors (CARs), certain limitations of this therapeutic approach such as the immunogenicity of the antigen binding domain, the emergence of tumor cell escape variants and the blocking capacity of soluble antigen still remain. Here, we address these issues using a novel CAR binding moiety based on the oligoclonal camelid single domain antibodies. A unique set of 13 single domain antibodies were selected from an immunized camel phage library based on their target specificity and binding affinity. A combination of these single domain antibodies was used to generate four tumor associated glycoprotein (TAG-72)-specific CARs harboring an identical antigen binding site, but with different signaling and spacer domains. Although all four CARs were functionally active against the TAG-72 expressing tumor cells, the combination of CD3ζ, OX40, CD28 as well as the CH3-CH2-hinge-hinge domains most efficiently triggered T cell activation. Importantly, CAR mediated functions were not blocked by the soluble TAG-72 antigen at a supraphysiological concentration. Our approach may have the potential to reverse multiple tumor immune evasion mechanisms, avoid CAR immunogenicity, and overcome problems in cancer gene therapy with engineered nanoconstructs.

Published
2012