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Continuous enhancement of sustainable development capacity is one of the goals of building a well-off society. In order to understand the development of each region, it is necessary to make a comprehensive evaluation of their sustainable development capacity. This paper presents a study of the 11 regions of Hebei Province, China. Considering the influence of time on urban development, this paper comprehensively evaluates the sustainable development ability of each region in Hebei Province from three dimensions of society, economy and environment based on panel data. The evaluation results show that Shijiazhuang has the strongest sustainable development capacity. On this basis, the promoting factors and restricting factors of sustainable development in each region are found by using grey correlation analysis method. This study provides a reference for the future sustainable development of each district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major energy consumption province, the issue about the carbon emissions in Hebei Province, China has been concerned by the government. The carbon emissions can be effectively reduced due to a more rational energy consumption structure. Thus, in this paper the constraint of low carbon emissions is considered as a foundation and four energies--coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity including wind power, nuclear power and hydro-power etc are selected as the main analysis objects of the adjustment of energy structure. This paper takes energy cost minimum and carbon trading cost minimum as the objective functions based on the economic growth, energy saving and emission reduction targets and constructs an optimization model of energy consumption structure. And empirical research about energy consumption structure optimization in 2015 and 2020 is carried out based on the energy consumption data in Hebei Province, China during the period 1995-2013, which indicates that the energy consumption in Hebei dominated by coal cannot be replaced in the next seven years, from 2014 to 2020, when the coal consumption proportion is still up to 85.93%. Finally, the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward, according to the results of the energy structure optimization in Hebei Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban metabolism has emerged over the past decades as an important new paradigm of regional and urban sustainability governance towards a Chinese national scheme of 'carbon neutrality' by 2060. Hebei province in China faces twin pressures related to its supply of water and energy resources, which has brought humans and nature into conflict. Overcoming this tension in the human-land relationship in Hebei and determining a suitable development path for the future has become a core issue for the achievement of coordinated development within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. This paper constructs a system to simulate the metabolism of water, energy, and human relationships, and uses this model to carry out simulations for Hebei province. The model establishes five scenarios: a natural development scenario, economic growth scenario, water conservation development scenario, energy conservation development scenario, and low carbon scenario. The simulation results show that, without intervention, the natural development scenario results in greater pressure on supply gaps and a greater demand for water and energy, with more production of industrial waste gas and domestic wastewater discharges. The economic growth, water conservation development, and energy conservation development scenarios focus on single economic, water conservation, and energy conservation measures by looking at core economic, water, and energy elements within the metabolic system; however, solving issues with individual elements merely leads to other, remaining problems. Under the low carbon scenario, issues with multiple elements in Hebei's metabolic system are considered more comprehensively, so the simulation results are better than those in the other scenarios, and it better fits the future orientation of sustainable development of Hebei province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of the previous research, an evaluation index system of soil water carrying capacity in cultivated land in Hebei Province has been established. In this paper, the concept, connotations, requirements of the threshold values of the evaluation index system will be introduced and analyzed, and methods to determine the threshold values will be studied. By analysis and classification of these indicators, 4 methods are proposed to determine the threshold values, they are: i) Investigation method, ii) Statistical analysis method, iii) Analogy and iv) Expert experience method. Also, the procedure to determine the threshold values for each method is detailed, and the threshold value for each secondary indicator is calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid consumption of energy has caused a surge in carbon emissions and led to serious ecological problems. This paper takes Hebei Province as the research area. First, carbon emissions related to energy consumption are calculated from 2001 to 2015, and then the decomposition analysis of the carbon emissions data is performed by using the LMDI method based on the extended IPAT model. Finally, according to the potential drivers derived from the decomposition results and the future trend of low-carbon development, three scenarios are set up, namely inertial emission reduction scenarios, relative emission reduction scenarios, and absolute emission reduction scenarios. The results show that the overall carbon emissions from 2001 to 2015 are on an upward trend, increasing by 4.08 times during the study period. Economic progress is the main driving factor for the rising CO2 in emitter, followed by energy consumption structure and population size, and the effect of technological progress has inhibited the increasing carbon emissions. The gradual optimization of Hebei’s industrial structure has changed the industrial structure effect from promotion to suppression. The final scenario analysis indicates that the relative emission reduction scenario and absolute emission reduction scenario can both achieve the Copenhagen emissions reduction target and the Paris Agreement target, but the relative emissions reduction scenario has become the most reasonable low-carbon pathway. Finally, by designing and implementing a local carbon emissions trading system, regional development could be encouraged to be closer to a relative emissions reduction scenario. Low-carbon transformation in other regions would be exerted by the avenue opened by this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANP) had become an important source of water pollution, which seriously restricted the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. As the primary agricultural production base in the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Hebei had serious ANP. In order to clarify the current status of ANP in Hebei and figure out the main pollution source and areas, ANP load of Hebei from 2000 to 2021 were evaluated by the export coefficient modeling (ECM) and spatial-temporal characteristics were carried out using geographic information system (GIS). In addition, ANP severity and emission characteristics of Hebei in 2021 were evaluated. The results showed that the environmental impact of ANP in southwest area was obviously more serious than that in northeast area of Hebei. Especially, ANP emissions in Hebei showed significant decreasing inflection points in 2007 and 2017, respectively, reaching a minimum by 2021. The TN and TP emissions of ANP in Hebei were 315,026.1 t and 50,323.76 t in 2021, respectively. The contribution of agricultural land, livestock and poultry breeding and rural life to TN and TP emissions were 37%, 34%, 29% and 20%, 61% and 18%, respectively. The ANP pollution mainly came from livestock and poultry breeding in Hebei Province. Based on cluster analysis, cities in Hebei were divided into four types, and the control strategies for ANP environment management were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflict over land use is an issue that all countries are experiencing in the accelerated process of urbanization and industrialization. Research on the identification and characterization of land-use conflicts is an important basis for promoting the sustainable development of regional land use. Taking Hebei Province under the background of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei integration as the research object, this article combines the SCCI model and the LUF model to study the land-use flush in the process of rapid urbanization from the dimensions of land-use landscape conflict and land-use function conflict. The results of this study point out that land-use conflicts in the region have gone through a developmental course of intensification of heavy conflicts, slowing down, and then smoothing out. The exacerbation of land-use conflicts is synchronized with the time pattern of construction and development in the accelerated industrialization and urbanization of Hebei, while the activities of arable land occupation and compensation balance and land ecological management produce lagging land-use conflicts. The spatial pattern is characterized by dispersed and random conflicts in the plains, concentrated conflicts in the mountain stream zones, and stable conflicts in the ecological zones within the mountains in the mountainous areas. The role of externalities and internalities from within the region and in the coordinated development of the region has led to the coexistence of developmental and governance land-use conflicts in Hebei Province, and the geographic environment has a constraining effect on the spatial differentiation of these conflicts. Along with the strong implementation of China's eco-governance and use-control systems, developmental land-use conflicts from the region will be effectively curbed, but the risk of overlapping developmental conflicts and lagging governance conflicts from coordinated regional development is a key focus for conflict prevention in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】This paper constructed the urban land use efficiency index system.【Methods】The present situation of urban land use efficiency in Hebei province from 2008 to 2017 was analyzed by means of CCR model,hyperefficient DEA model and Malmquist index.【Results】The average land use efficiency of cities in Hebei province byDEA model was 0.961 and 0.913 from 2008 to 2017, respectively.In terms of the time dimension under the hyperefficient DEA model,the average annual land use efficiency in Hebei province from 2008 to 2017 was the lowest in 2010 and the highest in 2017.In the spatial dimension,the average land utilization rate of cities in Hebei province from 2007 to 2018 was 0.905-1.391,the highest in Tangshan,and the lowest in Baoding.Using the Malmquist total factor change index,the average land use efficiency in Hebei province from 2008 to 2017 was 1.011,with the average annual increase of 1.1 %.【Conclusion】The use of advanced science and technology and information management tools could strengthen the control of urban land area,revitalize stocks and increase government supervision,thereby further improving urban land use efficiency and making urban land use develop in a direction of smart growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite mammography-based screening for breast cancer has been conducted in many countries, there are still little data on participation and diagnostic yield in population-based breast cancer screening in China. Methods: We enrolled 151,973 eligible women from four cities in Hebei Province within the period 2013–2021 and followed up until December 31, 2021. Participants aged 40–74 who assessed as high risk were invited to undergo breast ultrasound and mammography examination. Overall and group-specific participation rates were calculated. Multivariable analyses were used to estimate the factors associated with participation rates. The diagnostic yield of both screening and no screening groups was calculated. We further analyzed the stage distribution and molecular subtype of breast cancer cases by different modes of cancer detection. Results: A total of 42,547 participants were evaluated to be high risk of breast cancer. Among them, 23,009 subjects undertook screening services, with participation rate of 54.08%. Multivariable logistic regression model showed that aged 45–64, high education level, postmenopausal, current smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of breast cancer, and benign breast disease were associated with increased participation of screening. After median follow-up of 3.79 years, there were 456 breast cancer diagnoses of which 65 were screen-detected breast cancers (SBCs), 27 were interval breast cancers (IBCs), 68 were no screening cancers, and 296 were cancers detected outside the screening program. Among them, 92 participants in the screening group (0.40%) and 364 in the non-screening group (0.28%) had breast cancer detected, which resulted in an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI 1.13–1.78; P = 0.003). We observed a higher detection rate of breast cancer in the screening group, with ORs of 2.42 (95% CI 1.72–3.41) for early stage (stages 0–I) and 2.12 (95% CI 1.26–3.54) for luminal A subtype. SBCs had higher proportion of early stage (71.93%) and luminal A subtype (47.22%) than other groups. Conclusions: The significant differences in breast cancer diagnosis between the screening and non-screening group imply an urgent need for increased breast cancer awareness and early detection in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of water resources has emerged as a major factor limiting the high-quality economic and ecological development in Hebei Province. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the dynamic changes in terrestrial water storage for effectively managing water resources in Hebei Province. The evolution pattern and spatial distribution of TWS anomalies (TWSA) were analyzed utilizing gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) solutions and the water balance method from 2003 to 2020, and the missing monthly data during GRACE and GRACE-FO missions were filled by combining the climate-driven model and meteorological products. Moreover, the impact of the south-to-north water-diversion (SNWD) project on alleviating the water-storage deficit was quantified. The results revealed that the water-balance method on the strength of the combination of CMA precipitation and Noahv2.1-simulated evapotranspiration and runoff data matches well with the TWSA data derived from GRACE, with a correlation coefficient up to 0.95. However, the accuracy was unsatisfactory during the process of characterizing the spatial characteristics of TWSA. After the SNWD project, GRACE-derived results showed that the downtrends of TWSA were reduced by 10.93%, especially in mountainous areas: by 79.78%. Concerning the spatial scale, the deficit trends were reduced to a certain extent in northern Hebei Province, while the decreasing trends cannot be reversed for a short time in southern areas where human activities are intensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three typical and most extreme precipitation events in the history of North China are analyzed and compared in terms of accumulated precipitation and synoptical circulation using surface station observations of China and the ERA5 dataset. The three events happened in August 1963 ("63.8" event, hereafter), August 1975 ("75.8" event), and July 2021 ("21.7" event), respectively, mainly in Hebei and Henan Provinces of North China. The results show that the maximum daily and 4-day accumulated precipitation of all three events exceeded 500 mm and 800 mm, with many stations' daily precipitation ranking Top 1. The "63.8" event persisted for the longest time, affected the largest area, and rained the most in 7 days (over 1000 mm). The "75.8" event was characterized by the most extreme daily precipitation and a concentrated area. All three events characterize a normal northward subtropical high that was located in North China and Northeast China. At 500 hPa, the area from South China to the South China Sea was dominated by a uniform pressure field. In the upper levels, there were troughs and divergence anomalies in all three events. In the low levels, there were anomalous low-level jets and the associated water vapor flux anomalies, which were located at different levels and came from different directions. Stable synoptical circulation and persistent jet and water vapor flux anomalies are the key factors in these extreme events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emissions increase the risk of climate change. As one of the primary sources of carbon emissions, road traffic faces a significant challenge in terms of reducing carbon emissions. Many studies have been conducted to examine the impacts of cities on carbon emissions from the perspectives of urbanization, population size, and economics. However, a detailed understanding of the relationship between road traffic and urban carbon emissions is lacking due to the lack of a reasonable set of road traffic metrics. Furthermore, there have been fewer studies that have conducted cluster analyses of the impact factors, which will be supplemented in this research. We established 10 impact metrics, including the highway network system, city road network system, public transit system, and land use system of streets and transportation, using 117 county-level cities in Hebei Province as the study area, which is one of the regions in China with the most acute conflicts between economic development and the environment. We built an ordinary least squares (OLS) model, a spatial lag model (SLM), a spatial error model (SEM), a spatial Durbin model (SDM), and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, and performed a cluster analysis on the key metrics. The results are as follows: (1) The difference in spatial distribution of urban land-average carbon emissions is obvious, highly concentrated in the areas surrounding Beijing and Tianjin. (2) The GWR model has a higher R2 and a lower AICc than global models (OLS, SLM, SEM, and SDM) and performs better when analyzing the impact mechanism. (3) Highway network density, city road length, and density of the public transit network have significant effects on urban land-average carbon emissions, whereas the street and transportation land use systems have no significant effect, which indicates that the highway network and public transit systems should be prioritized. (4) The GWR model results show that the impact of the four metrics on the urban land-average carbon emissions exhibits clear spatial heterogeneity with a significant piecewise spatial distribution pattern. The highway network density has a relatively large impact on the northern region. The northwest is more affected by the density of the public transit network. The southwest is most impacted by the length of city roads. (5) The study area is divided into four distinct characteristic areas: the highway network dominant impact area, the public transit dominant impact area, the city road network dominant impact area, and the multi-factor joint impact area. Different traffic optimization strategies are proposed for different areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of the three-scale input-output analysis, this study, taking Hebei Province in China as a case work, analyzes the water use in the provincial district and compares that between regional and urban economies. To the best of our knowledge, this paper pioneers providing a multi-scale perspective in a spectrum from global, national and regional scale, into regional water use allocation and water-saving policy making in Hebei province. The embodied water intensities for Hebei are revealed to be higher than that of the global average, but relatively approximate to that of the national average. The fact that water embodied in Hebei’s final demand is much lower than the direct water withdrawal is unveiled, with large amounts of foreign embodied water exports and domestic imports flowing through the primary and secondary industries. The network outlines detailed supply and demand chains of water resources in Hebei province from global, national, and regional scales, laying a solid foundation for reasonable allocation of water resources in regional economies in context of regional development and urban integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the interaction between water, land, and food (WLF) is a premise guaranteeing to ease resource restrictions and achieve sustainable development in major agricultural production areas. We chose 26 indicators to build a WLF nexus evaluation index system. We used the coupling coordination model to measure the coupling coordination degree of the WLF nexus in 15 prefecture-level cities and 151 counties under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. Then, the spatial correlation was analyzed using the global and local Moran's I. Finally, the regional differences and spatiotemporal patterns were analyzed using a spatial gravity center model and kernel density estimation. The results are as follows: (1) In 11 cities, the comprehensive evaluation index of the WLF and of each subsystem shows a fluctuating upward trend. More than 95% of the counties' comprehensive evaluation indices improved, and the difference between counties in the north and south narrowed after 2010. (2) The spatial pattern of the WLF in counties has evolved from a pattern of "high in the south and low in the north" to "high in the north and low in the south", with the development speed of the north being higher than that of the south. (3) The coupling coordination degree of the WLF has a positive spatial autocorrelation relationship in different counties; however, the spatial connection eventually deteriorates, and the geographic pattern exhibits "agglomeration decrease" characteristics. In Hebei Province, the WLF coupling coordination rate slowly improves, and there is a significant development gap between counties. Therefore, local conditions should be taken into consideration when implementing measures to reduce the conflict between water, land, and food in actual regional conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the efficiency of maize production is of great significance for global food security and the effective supply of agricultural products. Based on the survey data of 381 rural households, this study uses a stochastic frontier analysis to estimate the efficiency value and empirically analyze the factors affecting the technology efficiency of maize production in the Hengshui area of the North China Plain. First, higher costs were found to be related to extensive production methods of fertilization, pesticide application, and irrigation. Second, the results showed that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the irrigation cost and maize output. Specifically, when the irrigation cost was about 938 yuan/hectare, the maize output per unit area was optimal. Third, there was also an inverted U-shaped relationship between the fertilizer cost and maize output, and the loss of technical efficiency of maize output was minimal when the fertilizer cost is 2547 yuan/hectare. In addition, the findings of the inefficiency influencing factor model suggested that temperature and humidity were all positively associated with the non-efficiency of maize production. These findings can provide empirical support for improving the efficiency of maize production in North China or arid and semi-arid regions around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking She County, a county typical in reforestation of marginal arable land in Taihang mountain area of Hebei Province, as research object, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial change process of its land resources and the conversion relationship between different types of land use by using the remote sensing image data and other auxiliary data in 2000 and 2008, and predicted its land use pattern in 2016 by using the CA-Markov model. The results showed that: 1) from 2000 to 2008, cultivated land, forestland and grassland have always dominated the land cover of Taihang mountain areas 2) with the implementation of the project of reforestation of marginal arable land, forestland and grassland have increased by 21.08 km² and 39.26 km² respectively and the industrial land and residential land have increased rapidly., while the cultivated land have reduced by 79.22 km²; 3) to 2016, forestland and grassland will increase steadily and the rural housing land will maintain rapid growth, while cultivated land will continue to decrease, but with a slow-down rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The landscape was characterized by fragmented patches, complex shapes, diversified types and uniform distribution over time. • Habitat quality (HQ) showed a declining trend during 1990–2020. • There is significant correlation between habitat quality and land use changes. • Areas with human-dominated land-use modifies like urban sprawl tended to have low HQ. Landscape patterns have a large impact on biodiversity in ecosystems. As a proxy for biodiversity research, assessing changes in habitat quality (HQ) induced by land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes will provide a scientific foundation for ecological protection and land resource management, especially in the ecologically fragile regions such as mountainous areas. Based on land-use data covering the period from 1990 to 2020 from the Taihang Mountains of Hebei Province, this paper selected 10 landscape metrics at the class and landscape levels to examine the dynamics of LULC. Then, this study evaluated HQ by employing the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and quantitatively analyzed the impact of land use changes on HQ using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The results showed that arable land, grassland and forestland were the main land categories in the study area, and the major changes were the conversion of arable land and grassland to construction land during 1990–2020. During the research period, landscape patches tended to fragment, shape complexity and varied and were evenly distributed. Overall, the region had a high HQ, but the average HQ has exhibited a declining trend in the past 30 years. In addition, changes in HQ were significantly related to land-use changes, and the areas dominated by construction land or arable land, which were closely related to anthropogenic activities, had a relatively low HQ. To balance the tradeoff between economic development and ecological integrity, a social-ecological systems perspective is needed in the design of political-economic policies. This research could improve our understanding of the effects of land-use pattern dynamics on HQ, which has important significance in preserving biodiversity, safeguarding ecological security, and achieving the sustainability of the ecological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of precursors' concentrations and meteorological conditions on the emerging ozone pollution problem in China has received wide attention, especially after the releasing of the Air Pollution Prevention Control and Action Plan (APPC) since 2013. With the decreasing trend of PM 2.5 nationwide, the effect of the strict control measures on increasing ozone variation has less been studied due to the challenge of complexity of nonlinear relationship among a number of factors on ozone formation. This paper evaluated the influence of both ozone precursors and meteorology on maximum daily average 8 h (MDA8) ozone at two urban sites and one rural site in Hebei province, China, from 2013 to 2017, by using a combined application of Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter and artificial neural network (ANN) model. Results showed that R2 was 0.80 between the measured and the simulated MDA8 ozone concentration when using meteorological factors and precursors' concentrations as input variables for ANN model. However, ANN model has limitation in estimating O 3 concentration peaks. The values of threat score (TS), probability of detection (POD) and false alarm rate (FAR) for MDA8 ozone concentration were 39%, 44% and 21%, respectively, throughout three studied sites in Hebei province. The annual average percentage change of precursor-related ozone was 0.67% from 2014 to 2017. Temperature, atmospheric pressure and boundary layer height were shown to account for 64% of the variability in long-term ozone levels. Ozone variation in Hebei province was reproduced mainly by meteorological parameters, and the contribution from precursors' concentration was smaller during the years when the APPC was implemented. [Display omitted] • Ozone level was estimated based on precursors' level and meteorological factors. • The ambient ozone concentration estimated by ANN model was acceptable. • Meteorology dominates the ozone variation in 2013–2017 in Hebei province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural information sources play a pragmatic role in knowledge building among the farming community. Farmers use various traditional and modern information sources such as extension field staff, fellow farmers, private sector, electronic media, print media, and information communication technologies (ICTs) gadgets to get the latest information necessary for agricultural productivity. This study aimed to explore the patterns of farmers to access and receive information from different sources. A well-structured and expert reviewed interview schedule was used to collect data from farmers from Huailai county. A total of 122 interviews were conducted for the collection of data. Data were recorded using EpiData software program and a logistic regression model was applied using the computer-based statistical program "STATA". The findings indicate that media (electronic media and print media) was the key information source for the farmers and 40.16% of farmers accessed media particularly for agricultural information whereas 34.43% used agricultural extension field staff (government) to acquire agricultural information. The government of China should start some educational interventions for farmers to improve their educational level so that the farming community could utilize multiple information sources for crop productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017 to 2018, Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and other institutions excavated the Taizicheng city site. Assisted by coring, the fieldwork confirmed that there were 67 building foundations, 14 roads, and two drainage ditches in this city site; the foundation of the No. 9 building in the center of the south zone and the courtyard No. 3 in the center of the north zone formed a tandem arrangement of "qian chao hou qin" [in front, audience hall; behind, resting chambers] along a symmetrical axis. In the unearthed artifacts, there are large numbers of bricks with stamps of "nei," "gong," and "guan," white-glazed Ding wares with an inscription "shang shi ju," fragments of chiwen-dragon heads on the main ridge, etc. Seen from the ranks of the artifacts and architectural sites, this city site would be the remains of an imperial residence of the mid through late Jin dynasty, which might be the Taihe Palace for Emperor Zhangzong of the Jin dynasty to hold summer nabo-imperial encampment. The excavation of the Taizicheng city site greatly improves the studies on the site selection of imperial encampments, construction regulations, utensil assemblage for the use of imperial courts, etc. of the Jin dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithobius (Ezembius) varioporus sp. nov. (Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae), recently discovered from Longquanguan Town, Fuping County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, China, is described. Morphologically it resembles to Lithobius (Ezembius) laevidentata Pei, Ma, Hou, Zhu & Gai, 2015 from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the Tömösváry's organ, slightly smaller than the adjoining ocelli, no secondary sexual modifications on male tibia 14 and 15, posterior accessory spine of legs 14 and 15 present and the number of coxal pores varying considerably from three to eight. The main morphological characters of the known Chinese species of the subgenus Ezembius Chamberlin, 1919 based on adult specimens are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the perspective of information to explore the development of agricultural modernisation and to provide the theoretical reference for the development of agricultural informatisation in Hebei province China. The relevant literature and the results of the research have been collected to understand the agricultural informatisation in Hebei province and adopted the system analysis method to focus on the existing problems and to put forward the significant and the specific guidelines. The results showed that the Lang fang city is located between Beijing and Tianjin stands first in the comprehensive level of ranking for the development of agricultural informatisation and remained first in the ranked of index popularisation and application of agricultural informatisation. The Tangshan city ranked first for the infrastructure of agricultural information, the capital city Shijiazhuang in Hebei province as ranked first in the agricultural informatisation and human resources index. The Hengshui city ranked first in the agricultural informatisation subject to environmental index. Recently the Park in Hebei province, although more modern and high standard basic farmland and so on the basis of the modern agriculture construction, but still incomplete for the system of information service, large capital needs, information service supply and demand contradiction and the lack of high-quality agricultural information personnel. The concept of informatisation can be incorporated into the construction of agricultural modernisation, improve the agricultural information services software and hardware facilities, improve practically the agricultural information service, build a perfect agricultural information guarantee mechanism, the construction of specialised agricultural information service team, to enhance the quality of agricultural informatisation workers, comprehensively promote the development of Hebei province and even the national agricultural modernisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithobius (Ezembius) ternidentatus sp. n. (Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae), recently discovered from Wuyuezhai Mountain, Lingshou County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China, is described. Morphologically it resembles L. (E.) multispinipes Pei, Lu, Liu, Hou, Ma & Zapparoli, 2016, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having a different sized Tömösváry's organ, different numbers of ocelli, obvious differences in ventral plectrotaxy of legs 14, and tarsal articulation ill-defined on legs 1-13, well-defined on legs 14-15. The main morphological characters of the known Chinese species of the subgenus Ezembius Chamberlin, 1919 based on adult specimens is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to identify the driven factors affecting the changes in energy-related CO2 emissions in Hebei Province of China from 1995 to 2013. This study confirmed that energy-related CO2 emissions are correlated with the population, urbanization level, economic development degree, industry structure, foreign trade degree, technology level and energy proportion through an improved STIRPAT model. A reasonable and more reliable outcome of STIRPAT model can be obtained with the introducing of the Ridge Regression, which shows that population is the most important factor for CO2 emissions in Hebei with the coefficient 2.4528. Rely on these discussions about affect abilities of each driven factors, we conclude several proposals to arrive targets for reductions in Hebei's energy-related CO2 emissions. The method improved and relative policy advance improved pointing at empirical results also can be applied by other province to make study about driven factors of the growth of carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the modern relationship between pollen, vegetation and land-use are essential to infer past human impact on vegetation from pollen records. Nevertheless, such investigations are relatively few in China. We present here a study of pollen assemblages from sediment samples collected from irrigation pools in the Tuoliang and Qipanshan catchments in northern China. Pollen and spores from natural vegetation such as Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Pinus and Selaginella sinensis dominate the pollen assemblages, while pollen types which could be from crops such as cereals, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Apiaceae and Cucurbitaceae are common but not abundant. Pollen percentages of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae become less with decreasing altitude, while Pinus and S. sinensis percentages increase, indicating that saccate Pinus pollen and S. sinensis spores are transported further than non-saccate Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae pollen, and differential sorting of pollen is occurring during transport in river water. Proportions of pollen from farmland and crops increase with decreasing altitude, showing that pollen percentages of crops might be a good indicator of the extent of farmland. A linear correlation analysis between pollen percentages and vegetation proportions shows that pollen percentages of crops are positively correlated with proportions of farmland, while correlation between pollen percentages of trees, shrubs and herbs and proportions of woodland, scrubland and grassland respectively is poor. This study indicates that the relationship between pollen percentages and vegetation proportions can be explained by the differences of pollen productivity, dispersal and deposition, and might be the basis for a modelling approach to infer past vegetation cover in northern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correlation analysis and a water productivity indicator are used to investigate the inverse relationship between increasing grain output and declining irrigation water use in Hebei Province, People's Republic of China, especially since 2003. A rapid improvement in water productivity more than offset the decline in available water even in one of the most water-stressed areas of north China. As long as this trend continues, there is little need for concern about a grain production crisis induced by water shortage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Although Trapa is a well-defined genus of distinctive freshwater plants with accumulations of extensive morphological and embryological autapomorphies, its phylogenetic relationships have long been unclear. Formerly placed in the monotypic family Trapaceae, Trapa is now recognized as sister to Sonneratia within Lythraceae s.l., although both genera lack morphological synapomorphies. Thus, a split between the two taxa must have occurred in deep evolutionary time, which raises the possibility of finding transitional forms in the fossil record. Results: Here we describe a new genus and species, Primotrapa weichangensis Y. Li et C.-S. Li (Lythraceae s.l.: Trapoideae), based on three-dimensionally preserved floral cups, fruits, and seeds from the early Miocene of Weichang County, Hebei Province, China. Primotrapa is characterized by a shallow, saucer-shaped floral cup, four distally barbellate sepals, four intersepal appendages alternating with the sepals at the rim of cup, a superior to basally inferior ovary, a fusiform or ovoid, one-seeded fruit with a ribbed surface, and a long persistent peduncle. Two fossil species of Hemitrapa are proposed as new combinations of Primotrapa, namely P. alpina (T. Su et Z.-K. Zhou) Y. Li et C.-S. Li comb. nov. and P. pomelii (Boulay) Y. Li et C.-S. Li comb. nov. Our phylogenetic analysis based on fifteen flower and fruit characters supports the placement of Primotrapa, Hemitrapa and Trapa in a monophyletic clade, which comprise subfamily Trapoideae. The phylogenetic analysis places Primotrapa at the base of Trapoideae. Conclusions: In view of its superior ovary, which is a plesiomorphic character of Lythraceae s.l., the newly recognized genus Primotrapa and its three species likely represent transitional forms that bridge the evolutionary gap between the basal taxa of Lythraceae s.l., i.e. Lythrum, and the highly derived taxon Trapa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]