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1. Pre- and Postnatal Dietary Exposure to a Pesticide Cocktail Disrupts Ovarian Functions in 8-Week-Old Female Mice

Author

Léonie Dopavogui, Florence Cadoret, Gaspard Loison, Sara El Fouikar, François-Xavier Frenois, Frank Giton, Sandrine Ellero-Simatos, Frédéric Lasserre, Arnaud Polizzi, Clémence Rives, Nicolas Loiseau, Roger D. Léandri, Nicolas Gatimel, Laurence Gamet-Payrastre, Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité et Environnement (DEFE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Exposition, Perturbation Endocrino-métabolique et Reproduction (ToxAlim-EXPER), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), L.D. was supported by a Ph.D. grant from INRAE (Animal Health Department). This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry for Agriculture and Food and the Ministry for an Ecological and Solidary Transition, with the financial support of the French Biodiversity Agency (GepeTho), by ANR France (Syneract), and by Région Occitanie. This work also received funding from Agence de la Biomédecine (AOR 2019).This paper benefited from the Imag’IN Platform of the Institut Universitaire du Cancer from April 2019 to August 2021 https://www.imagin-labs.net/imagin_v2/index.php? lang=EN (last accessed on 5 June 2022). We thank X. Blanc from INRAe SAAJ (Jouy-en-Josas) for his technical support for pellet preparation., ANR-18-CE34-0009,SYNERACT,Activation synergique de recepteurs nucléaires(2018), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), LESUR, Hélène, and APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Activation synergique de recepteurs nucléaires - - SYNERACT2018 - ANR-18-CE34-0009 - AAPG2018 - VALID

Subjects
pesticide, folliculogenesis, ovary, endocrine disruption, progesterone, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Organic Chemistry, Pesticide Residues, General Medicine, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Inorganic Chemistry, Dietary Exposure, Mice, Fruit, Animals, Female, Chlorpyrifos, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Pesticides, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy
Abstract

International audience; Female infertility has a multifactorial origin, and exposure to contaminants, including pesticides, with endocrine-disrupting properties is considered to be involved in this reproductive disorder, especially when it occurs during early life. Pesticides are present in various facets of the environment, and consumers are exposed to a combination of multiple pesticide residues through food intake. The consequences of such exposure with respect to female fertility are not well known. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of pre- and postnatal dietary exposure to a pesticide mixture on folliculogenesis, a crucial process in female reproduction. Mice were exposed to the acceptable daily intake levels of six pesticides in a mixture (boscalid, captan, chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid, thiophanate and ziram) from foetal development until 8 weeks old. Female offspring presented with decreased body weight at weaning, which was maintained at 8 weeks old. This was accompanied by an abnormal ovarian ultrastructure, a drastic decrease in the number of corpora lutea and progesterone levels and an increase in ovary cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study shows that this pesticide mixture that can be commonly found in fruits in Europe, causing endocrine disruption in female mice with pre- and postnatal exposure by disturbing folliculogenesis, mainly in the luteinisation process.

Published
2022
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2. Comparison of the Effects of Two Herbicides and an Insecticide on Tropical Freshwater Plankton in Microcosms

Author

Philippe Cecchi, Laurence Amalric, Christophe Leboulanger, G. Sarazin, Agnès Bouchez, Marc Bouvy, Marc Pagano, Claire Carré, Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géochimie des Eaux (LGE), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Cyanobactéries des milieux aquatiques tropicaux peu profonds. Rôles et contrôles (CYROCO), This paper is a contribution to the ECOMET project, funded by the French Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development, and Sea (MEEDDM), grant no. CV070000783. The authors would like to thank the Forestry and Agriculture Office at Mamoudzou (DAF Mayotte) and SOGEA-Mayotte for their help with fieldwork. We are grateful to the staff of the Gite du Mont Combani for their support during our stay. Anonymous referees are acknowledged for improvement of an earlier version of the manuscript., and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Paraquat, 0106 biological sciences, Insecticides, Food Chain, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Fenitrothion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phytoplankton, Animals, Biomass, Mozambique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Herbicides, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, General Medicine, Bacterioplankton, Plankton, Pesticide, environmental monitoring/analysis, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Diuron, Environmental chemistry, environmental sciences and ecology, Microcosm, natural plankton communities, tropical freshwater reservoir, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring, toxicology
Abstract

International audience; Natural plankton communities from a tropical freshwater reservoir (Combani Reservoir, Mayotte Island, Mozambique Channel) were exposed, in 20-l nutrient-enriched microcosms, to two nominal concentrations of three pesticides: the herbicides diuron (2.2 and 11 mu g/l) and paraquat (10 and 40.5 mu g/l) and the insecticide fenitrothion (10 and 100 mu g/l), commonly used in the tropics for agriculture and disease vector control. Bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton communities were monitored for 5 days after exposure, and the concentrations of toxicant and major nutrients were measured. Bacterioplankton growth was noticeable in all systems and was slightly affected by pesticide at any concentration. A transitory increase in thymidine-based bacterial production was observed in diuron- and fenitrothion-treated microcosms, followed by a marked decrease in all microcosms after 5 days. The functional diversity of bacterioplankton, evaluated using BIOLOG ECO (R) microplates, was reduced by exposure to the highest pesticide concentrations. Phytoplankton was affected by pesticides in different ways. Chlorophyll biomass and biovolumes were increased by diuron addition and decreased by paraquat, whereas fenitrothion-treated microcosms remained unaffected relative to controls. Phytoplankton taxonomic diversity was decreased by paraquat and high doses of fenitrothion but was unaffected by addition of diuron. The decrease in diversity was due to a reduction in the number of species, whereas the density of small cells increased, especially after addition of paraquat. Heterotrophic flagellates were sensitive to paraquat and to the highest diuron concentration; a reduction in biomass of up to 90% was observed for 40.5 mu g/l paraquat. Zooplankton, dominated by Thermocyclops decipiens and Diaphanosoma excisum, was slightly sensitive to diuron, and very sensitive to paraquat. High concentrations of the insecticide fenitrothion were effective only on young stages. The potential direct and indirect effects of pesticide contamination on such a simplified plankton food web, typical of newly constructed reservoirs, appear to differ significantly depending on the biological compartment considered. The overall sensitivity of tropical plankton is comparable to the sensitivity for temperate systems, and direct and indirect effects appeared rapidly, within 5 days of exposure.

Published
2011