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Rupert Jethro Best (1903–91), working alone at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in Adelaide between 1934 and 1937, was among the first to purify tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and to propose that it was a complex macromolecule containing protein and another reactive group that was responsible for infectivity of the virus. However, his research was completely overshadowed by that of Wendell Stanley and the duo of Frederick Bawden and Norman (aka Bill) Pirie, working in the United States of America and Great Britain, respectively, to the point where Best is not even mentioned in modern histories of TMV. Many factors have contributed to this lack of recognition for Best. Professor James Prescott, a soil scientist and Best's supervisor at the Waite Institute, failed to appreciate the significance of his research, leading to critical delays in publication that prevented him from claiming precedence for purifying TMV. When Best's research was eventually published, it was in Australian journals that were not broadly distributed, resulting in minimal international exposure for his research. The plant virology community within which he worked in Australia was very small and entirely focused on plant disease control, and not concerned with fundamental questions about the composition of viruses. Communication with similarly interested scientists in the Northern Hemisphere was hindered by the great distances involved. In this paper, pioneering research done by Best on TMV is reviewed, and placed in context with that undertaken by Stanley and by Bawden and Pirie, who are best remembered for purifying TMV and characterising its physicochemical properties. Rupert Jethro Best, working alone in Adelaide at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute, was among the first to purify tobacco mosaic virus and to provide evidence that it was a heterogeneous macromolecule, composed mainly of protein but also small prosthetic groups with the properties of a weak acid, wherein lay the activity of the virus. This paper describes the contributions of Rupert Best to early theories on the material nature and mode of reproduction of viruses. Photographer unknown, State Library of South Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four Years in a Red Coat: The Loveday Internment Camp Diary of Miyakatsu Koike: By Miyakatsu Koike. Just to grasp Koike's mobility during the war demands that we explore an international node between Japan, Australia, and the Dutch East Indies. Instead he was transferred to Australia in a "hell" ship, I Cremer i , by an agreement with the Dutch East Indies government to transfer internees to Australia. [Extracted from the article]

Remembering Bishop Hale: Edited by Jane Lydon. Their discoverer was Sophie Hale and the books were diaries of her great-grandfather: the missionary and colonial bishop, Mathew Blagden Hale. The volume is especially valuable for the way it draws together perspectives from church historians with university historians to reveal the nuances of the religious dynamics of Hale's colonial and imperial worlds. [Extracted from the article]

What is not in dispute is the fact that missionaries such as Annie Lock filled a humanitarian void, providing a cheap band-aid solution for administrators responsible for Aboriginal Australians on tight budgets. Too Much Cabbage and Jesus Christ: Australia's "Mission Girl" Annie Lock: By Catherine Bishop. Annie Lock was a missionary from 1904 until 1936. [Extracted from the article]

Cox is aware of the limitations of using George Augustus Robinson as a source for the inner life of Kickerterpoller and is generally sensitive to the difficulty of interpreting a man whose behaviour shifted over time. There is another element to the subtitle of the book, as Cox claims Kickerterpoller "sparked Australia's bloodiest war". Broken Spear: The Untold Story of Black Tom Birch, the Man Who Sparked Australia's Bloodiest War: By Robert Cox. [Extracted from the article]

This paper explores the enabling governance conditions for implementing green stormwater infrastructure to transform waterways. Using Australia's largest integrated stormwater management project in Adelaide's River Torrens Catchment as a case study, we explore four key governance dimensions and their shifts over time: actors, rules of the game, discourse, and resources and power. Overall, 11 enablers emerged from these dimensions. These include collaboration and coordination, bipartisan support, regulation enforcement, knowledge and beliefs, leadership and expertise, and incremental funding. The paper reflects on the prevalence of these factors and provides recommendations to revitalize polluted waterways and address riverine flood risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the discovery of the trunk contained a significant portion of the papers and photographs of Ursula Hope McConnel from 1888-1957, an Australian who was trained by A.R. Radcliffe-Brown at Sydney and Edward Sapir at Yale in Adelaide, South Australia. An approximately 450 field photographs are included in the trunk. It also contains hundreds of pages of typewritten and handwritten drafts of her publications, a number of unpublished drafts and public lectures.

Memorial landscapes are powerfully instructive. Cast in bronze or carved in stone, memorials speak to us of who and what we should admire and those characteristics we should aspire to emulate. As such, memorial landscapes are texts. However, memorial landscapes are equally about remembering and forgetting. Drawing upon a critical examination of the memorial landscape of Adelaide's cultural precinct this paper examines ongoing silences regarding Indigenous pre-history, the processes and impacts of British colonisation, and how these are remembered and/or silenced within this place. Framed by post-colonial literature, this paper reveals that notwithstanding movements towards reconciliation in Australia, Adelaide's cultural precinct firmly remains a settler landscape. Those few memorials raised to or acknowledging Indigenous people are pushed to the margins, poorly maintained, or framed through service to the Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper explores the fate of South Australia's highly regarded Police Drug Diversion Initiative over the past 10 years. Methods: The paper uses historical and legal analysis, including publicly available data as to rates of drug use, arrests and diversions, media reports, legislation and Hansard debates. Results: In the mid‐2010s, amidst growing anxiety about levels of amphetamine‐type stimulants use in Adelaide, a coroner's report became the poster child for what was seen by the Liberal opposition as the excessive leniency and 'waste of resources' of the Police Drug Diversion Initiative. Despite being universally praised for its efficacy, the Liberal government, when elected, passed amendments to the legislation which 'capped' diversions at two. This ended the period in which diversions from criminal to social justice systems was mandatory for all persons charged with simple drug possession. But since then, the diversion rate in South Australia has plummeted in ways that cannot be explained merely because of these amendments. Discussion and Conclusions: The most highly regarded scheme for diversion of minor drug offenders to treatment is no longer effective. Indeed, the best scheme in the country may now be the worst. The essay draws attention to a catastrophe whose extent is not yet fully appreciated and suggests ways in which we can begin to explain why such a small change has had such dramatic and unforeseen consequences. Like some sort of perverse alchemy, Australia's gold standard for drug diversion has been turned into lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the possibility of using diachronic case study comparisons to shed light on continuity and change in policy interventions to manage plant closures. It compares the early results of a survey of workers retrenched in the 2017 closure of Australia's passenger vehicle manufacturing industry with the results of a similar survey of workers who lost their jobs in the 2005 closure of Mitsubishi's Adelaide engine-casting and components plant. Despite the 12 years of accumulated expertise in plant closure and structural adjustment management, this comparison shows remarkable similarities in the profile of the cohort of retrenched workers and remarkable similarities in their employment outcomes. The discussion reflects on conditions that produce continuity and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agriculture (UA), for recreational (gardening) and or commercial (farming) purposes, is commonly practised around the world, and uptake is increasing globally. There are many claims regarding UA's social, economic and environmental benefits with scant exploratory research. The overarching objective of this paper is to access the potential economic, social and environmental contribution of UA based on five major features that have previously been shown to be critical to optimising the benefits of UA: area, purpose (gardening or commercial), crop value (mixed, mid to high), mechanisation level (none to partial mechanisation) and market mechanism (retail versus wholesale) based on past studies focusing on Adelaide, Australia and the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Including the reviewed 15 past studies that closely reflect the above five features of UA, most UA research has focused on the social benefits and potential cost savings of growing food in cities, with few studies interrogating its economic viability, employment potential or opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There is a clear need to study UA using a systems approach to ensure viability, replicability and sustainability. Real-world case studies focusing on diverse settings will help to characterise key features and corrective actions for improving overall sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyses of the prevalence of homelessness suggest homelessness is increasing in Australia and other countries. Yet, difficulties exist in obtaining an accurate picture of homelessness due to a dearth of robust data and inconsistent definitions. This study aimed to build a comprehensive descriptive profile of homelessness and associated health needs in Adelaide. Five data sources were analysed and compared to produce descriptive sociodemographic and health statistics. Across data sources, people experiencing homelessness had a high prevalence of poor health outcomes and service utilisation. Consistent with the international literature, high rates of physical and mental health conditions were reported, including depression, anxiety and dental problems. While there was variability in demographic data, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples were consistently over‐represented. Analysing data from multiple sources provided a richer understanding of who is experiencing homelessness and their health needs, highlights it is not always necessary to collect new data to overcome dataset limitations and illustrates how data comparison can improve the use of existing data. The paper concludes with reflections on the challenges and potential of the methodology. Overall, the study shows analysing data from multiple sources can provide rich information to service providers and government departments to inform more nuanced and effective services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: While the links between sun exposure and skin cancer are well known, the benefits of sun exposure, particularly as a source of vitamin D, are less well known. This paper reports on a deliberative study exploring public perspectives about sun exposure harms and benefits. Methods: Two citizens' juries were conducted in Brisbane and Adelaide to consider questions about sun exposure, vitamin D and health promotion. Members of the general population (jurors) listened to evidence from expert witnesses about the harms and benefits of sun exposure. Most witness sessions extended for 60 min, with 6 sessions over 2 days. At each citizens' jury, jurors were asked to listen to expert testimony, consider the evidence and make policy recommendations. The planning and design of the citizens' juries were informed by well‐established citizens' jury methods. Results: Jurors proposed that Australia needs improved public information about the harms and benefits of sun exposure. They argued for information that supports personal decision‐making that accounts for differences in skin tone and geographical region. Jurors agreed that Australia needs an updated sun safety campaign that reflects new research and addresses diversity. A one‐size‐fits‐all approach to sun protection may no longer be appropriate. Conclusions: While a new campaign should address both harms and benefits, jurors felt the need for skin cancer prevention outweighs the desirability of generating vitamin D through sun exposure. More nuanced public health messages are needed, which balance the need for skin protection and vitamin D, and acknowledge the diversity of Australia's population. So What?: Previous research studies are typically siloed into the separate areas of vitamin D or skin cancer research. This study incorporated both topics and pooled the views of participants in two citizens' juries who agreed on the need for improved information about the harms and benefits of sun exposure to reflect a modern Australian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Consumer and Community Involvement Results Conclusion Plain language summary The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of adapting and translating an evidence‐based occupational therapist‐delivered program shown to be effective in the community to residential aged care (RAC). The program aims to improve quality of care and quality of life for people living with dementia and the wellbeing of the family care partner.This study took place in a not‐for‐profit RAC home in Adelaide, South Australia. Mixed methods, specifically questionnaires, activity logs, focus group, and one‐on‐one interviews were used to evaluate the feasibility of the program implementation. Staff working in the participating home, occupational therapists trained to deliver the program, and residents and their family carer partners were included. Quantitative data were analysed using proportions, means, and standard deviations. Qualitative data were analysed using a thematic approach.This study was conducted together with a consumer (person living with dementia) and a carer representative (family member of someone residing in RAC). These representatives provided input towards the study design, interpretation of study data, discussion of results, and recommendations for future consideration.Small changes to the program improved feasibility and acceptability for delivery in RAC. While the care home staff required added support during implementation, the intervention therapists felt that the program could be delivered in this setting. Family care partners of residents with dementia felt that the program may be better suited if provided upon entry to RAC or in early stages of dementia.Adapting a community‐based dementia care program to RAC can be safe and feasible. Program adaptations are necessary for feasibility. Further adaptations and evaluations of associated outcomes (related to residents with dementia and their family care partners) are needed to assess the program effectiveness in larger scale.Spending quality time with family members in residential aged care is important. However, many struggle to know what to say or do when visiting a family member who lives with dementia. Programs that teach families about how to communicate with people living with dementia, how to support them to take part in important everyday living activities, or how to understand why changes in behaviours may occur have not been available in residential aged care. This paper describes how we adapted one such evidence‐based program from community to residential aged care settings. We consulted with people living with dementia, carers, and families and found that the program could also be valuable in this care setting. Residential aged care staff described how the program is very different to what is usually available in residential aged care, but they were optimistic that with the right support, it could be a valuable way to support residents with dementia and their families. Family members of residents with dementia and therapists delivering the program felt that residents in early stages of living in residential aged care and/or early stages of dementia could benefit the most from these programs. We found that including family members in the intervention process can be useful and empowering for families and residents. Future work should also focus on involving other staff members caring for residents in the process. Communication between staff and families is the key for program delivery and success and treating each person as an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Australian housing prices are reported to be overvalued and unaffordable for the past two decades. Many researchers and practitioners have attributed the persistent growth in housing prices to the prolonged period of low borrowing costs. However, due to inflationary pressure, the Central Bank has raised its cash rate consecutively in recent months. This paper aims to examine whether interest rate rises affect housing price in different parts of Australia. Evidence generated from the analysis reported bipolar results between the large and smaller cities, whereby housing prices in Sydney and Melbourne show a significant negative relationship with interest rate changes while Brisbane and the Gold Coast and Perth and Adelaide, respectively, are showing negative but insignificant results during the study period. Short-run trend projections on housing prices indicate that Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and the Gold Coast are on a downward trend while Adelaide and Perth will maintain its current momentum before plateauing out later next year. Likewise, control variables, such as oil prices, inflation rate and stock market performance, are found to be related to housing prices in larger cities only. These findings have implications on housing policy, house purchase decisions and investment portfolio management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of a smart water network (SWN) is viewed as a strategic approach to address many challenges faced by water utilities, such as pipe leak detection and main break prevention. This paper develops a convolutional neural network (CNN)–based model to classify acoustic wave files collected by the South Australian Water Corporation's (SA Water's) SWN over the city of Adelaide. The VGGish model (VGG refers to the team who developed the model—Visual Geometry Group) is selected as a suitable transfer learning model to extract features from wave files. The CNN model classifies an acoustic wave file as an anomaly or other background or environmental noise. Identification of a wave file as an anomaly triggers a Siamese CNN model to determine whether it is related to a regular/irregular scheduled event (for example, irrigation system near public parks or water consumption by large buildings). A field investigation is initiated if a wave file is classified as an anomaly and it is not related to a scheduled event. The developed models have been validated using data that is recorded by SWN in Adelaide. This validation data set comprises 1098 wave files, which are recorded by 34 accelerometers and are associated with 32 known leaks. The validation results shown that accuracy of alarms generated by the developed models is 92.44%. The validations confirm the developed models as an effective tool for water pipeline leak and crack detection, which, in turn, enables proactive management of the pipeline assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the social, economic and environmental potential of Urban Agriculture (UA) based on information from forty distinct locations in each of the two regions: Adelaide, South Australia and Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, representing the diverse developmental background. Modelling is used to estimate equivalent employment, scale appropriateness, and earnings in comparison to labour use from commercial urban farming and gardening style UA, together with carbon dioxide emissions for two vegetable types. The study investigates the influence of distance and production scale under manual to modest mechanisation for urban vegetable production, finding that the interplay between labour use and mechanisation can favour scale-appropriate UA practices with better labour productivity and economic and social advantage. The distribution (assumed to be by car for UA) contributes the largest proportion of emissions, and the production component (even with mechanisation) contributes a relatively small portion per unit of production. We recommend that governments and planners should facilitate scale-appropriate mechanisation through better planning and policy instruments for UA's sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activation of small inner-city streets is a core strategy in the creation of unique and vibrant places for people. Much attention is devoted to these projects, as cities vie to competitively position themselves. Atmosphere is a concept central to small-street activation and so ubiquitous within urban planning policies. However, what constitutes atmosphere is an emerging field of study within urban planning. Adopting a phenomenological approach, this paper presents a richly textured engagement with the lifeworld of a successful small-street activation initiative within Adelaide, Australia. In doing so, this paper provides a grounded case study of the phenomenological lived experience of atmosphere creation, revealing the complexities and opportunities of atmosphere within planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines Australia's post-2020 defence policy and describes how the Army is being modernised to give effect to it, within budgetary constraints. Initiatives include forward staging of logistics; littoral power projection; upgraded army aviation; establishing a health brigade; a focus on information warfare; an armoured vehicle replacement programme; a redesign of the brigades in Darwin and Adelaide; and a transformation of the fires systems, including air defence missiles, self-propelled howitzers, long-range fires, and land-based maritime strike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the implementation of a multicultural policy in the 1970s, religious diversity in Australia has increased. Research has demonstrated that intergroup contact is essential for managing diverse multicultural societies. This is because, given the right conditions, intergroup contact will reduce prejudice and build trust between groups. Given the importance of intergroup contact, policy makers and researchers have identified interfaith dialogue's importance to the success of multicultural societies. However, there is very limited research that explores interfaith dialogue from the perspectives of adherents, in this case Christians and Muslims in the Australian context. This paper focuses on interfaith dialogue between Christians of the Uniting Church and Sunni Muslims of Adelaide, South Australia. It explores the factors that influence participants' attitudes towards engaging in interfaith dialogue. Using a grounded theory methodology, the study involved seventeen (17) mixed gender Muslim participants over the age of eighteen, including everyday adherents and religious leaders. Some of the key findings demonstrate that theological perspectives and notions of multicultural citizenship are positive drivers for dialogue; Islamophobia and dehumanization of Muslims were inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several meetings including the 2011 Australasia Meeting of the Econometric Society to be held in Adelaide, South Australia on July 5-8, 2011, the 2011 Asian Meeting of the Econometric Society to be held in Seoul, Korea on August 11-13, 2011, and the 2012 North American Winter Meeting of the Econometric Society to be held in Chicago, Illinois on January 6-8, 2012.

This paper focuses on personal statements written by 23 Year 11 students about what outdoor recreational activities they participated in and their sense of cultural identity in the culturally plural context of Australia.. A sociological approach of inductive analysis of their comments was employed to investigate the extent to which those of culturally diverse identities were actually participating in outdoor recreational activities. The respondents came from six Adelaide co-educational secondary schools which agreed to participate in the study. The responses given to the guideline questions provided evidence of participation in twelve different outdoor recreational activities, some involving individual pursuits and others group activities. Twelve students identified themselves as 'mainstream Australian', while eight claimed identities linked to other European and Asian cultural groups and three reported no sense of cultural identification. The evidence from this exploratory study was that those of culturally diverse identities were actually participating in outdoor recreational activities. However, they were more likely to be involved in individual rather than group activities. Furthermore they preferred land-based activities to those requiring water skills. The paper discusses the significance of the findings, implications for making future initiatives and policies in outdoor recreational activities more inclusive, as well as directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Adelaide-born pharmacist, Oswald B. Lower, is a neglected figure in the pantheon of early Australian amateur entomologists. Specialising in Lepidoptera, he worked mainly around Adelaide and Broken Hill where he discovered hundreds of new species, especially in the semi-arid zone of southern Australia. Lower named almost 1000 valid new species between 1892 and 1923 based upon his own material and specimens sourced from contacts in other parts of Australia. His legacy of 40 000 specimens, assembled between the 1880s and early 1920s, forms the nucleus of the outstanding Lepidoptera collection at the South Australian Museum. Many are sourced from locations now lost or degraded and the collection will be an invaluable tool in the emerging challenge of habitat restoration in Australia. Insects are a major component of Australia's biodiversity. The early discovery and description of this fauna was largely contributed by talented entomologists. From the late 1880s, Broken Hill pharmacist Oswald Bertram Lower revealed the extraordinary moth fauna of the mallee and arid zone especially. A summary and context for his pioneering work is now available here. The ecological restoration of these habitats will increasingly draw on Lower's historical collection and insights. HR22015_TOC.jpg [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Professional isolation and limited opportunities for multidisciplinary collaborations are well-recognised challenges for psychiatrists in private practice. This narrative paper describes the development of a private practice group to assist first responders (FRs) and military patients located in Adelaide, South Australia. The aims included both peer review, and interdisciplinary communication and collaboration. Relevant personnel in the ambulance, police and fire services, military and veterans' groups, and the compensation system, participated in monthly meetings. Lack of timely access to psychiatric care for FR and military patients was identified as a problem and an expedited referral service was established. Conclusions: The Closing the Gap Group was established in 2017. The terminology refers to the gap between treating psychiatrists and the complex organisations that manage the workplace context for FR/military patients. This initiative provides a template for private practice innovations to improve psychiatrists' skills and knowledge, along with better engagement and understanding between private psychiatrists and relevant community organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper asks: why, given the Australian city of Adelaide's early intervention to embed a flagship arts festival, has it failed to develop as an arts city with a more democratized cultural terroir, with greater diversity and inclusion? We argue that part of the answer lies in the continuing influence of its flagship Adelaide Festival, which, from the beginning, was not of, and for, the entire city, nor "art for all," but very much the opposite. It was explicitly orientated to the virtues of high art, packaged for a social elite, and linked to tourism–led urban regeneration. Rather than a celebration of Adelaide's cultural terroir, it established a marketized form of arts festival built around a core of imported art. Informed by multiple data sources, this case study offers a positive critique at a pivot point in Adelaide's festival history, suggesting that a consideration of other types of art city offers alternatives for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the story of a Christian school in Adelaide and its process of reviewing and addressing inconsistencies in its whole school approach to the subject Christian Living is told. We are reminded that staff are a school's greatest assest in establishing a strong Christian ethos and consistent learning outcomes. Developing a learning framework with a shared approach to Christian studies takes commitment and time-- listening to staff and gathering and sorting the wide range of resources available. The core concept of using God's timeless stories of real people and situations, with capable staff and current resources, is shared as the right approach for the school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, heat waves have resulted in more Australian deaths than any other natural hazard and continue to present challenges to the health and emergency management sectors. While people experiencing homelessness are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of heat waves, little research has been reported about their hot weather experiences. This paper reports findings from interviews with 48 homeless people sleeping rough in Adelaide CBD on very hot days. While the majority reported drinking a litre or more of water in the previous 24 hours, 79% reported experiencing one or more heat stress symptoms. The research highlights that the protective actions people sleeping rough can take during hot weather are limited by their circumstances and may not be sufficient to prevent dehydration and heat stress. The levels of dehydration and heat stress symptoms suggest that immediate responses could include making drinking water more readily available. It may be helpful to provide information which highlights heat stress symptoms including indicators of dehydration. The role of outreach in providing connections, support and advice is most likely to ameliorate the risk of heat stress. However, the long-term response to protect people from heat stress is access to housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines interrelated dichotomies in social anthropology and cross-cultural research on advance care directives (ACDs). It aims to recast the disjuncture between individual (Western) selves and collectivist (non-Western) Others that has impeded understandings of the cultural complexities of decision-making at the end of life. Based on research conducted with Chinese, Vietnamese and Indian communities living in Adelaide, South Australia, it explores how ACDs can obscure the vicissitudes of bodies and social life, decontextualising and detracting from our emplacement in relational worlds. Drawing on Ingold's approach to living beings as a bundle of lines that join together, a 'meshwork' that carries on, I trace the continuities and points of tension, or 'knots', interwoven in movements and metaphors of writing up advance care directives, signing consent, opening doors and caring through touch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has the aim of encouraging sustainable mobility and urban development, especially where automobile use overshadows public transport. Therefore, looking to Japan with its history of development centred around railway stations and high public transport use can be useful. This paper examines TOD planning policies and approaches in Sendai, Japan, and Adelaide, Australia to find potential experience and strategies that might be applied to Adelaide. Results indicate that Sendai's experience with business diversification, functional activities within TOD planning, and attracting private sector and landowner's involvement in urban renewal projects, may bring fresh insights to TOD development in Adelaide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Greater Reedbeds to the west of Adelaide in 1836 supported a patchwork of wetlands, woodlands and sandhills, and the complexity of the vegetation was reflected in a rich avifauna. Of the 230 bird species recorded from the Greater Reedbeds since European settlement, most were recorded up to the 1930s and many bred in the area. With the growth of Adelaide and the development of the area for agriculture and later for residential and commercial purposes, most of the wetlands and native vegetation was destroyed or highly modified. The introduction of weeds and pest animals further decimated the native plants and animals of the Reedbeds. Many bird species became extinct, many others have become rare and a few have colonised the area. From the 1970s on changing attitudes to nature conservation led to more extensive plantings of native plants in parks and gardens and, in the early 2000s, concern over sustainable water use led to the development of Aquifer Storage and Recovery systems at golf courses. The wetlands associated with these systems and the more sympathetic treatment of the rivers and creeks in the area have benefitted some waterbird species. Despite declines in native bird abundance and richness, the Greater Reedbeds remains the richest area for birds in the inner metropolitan Adelaide area, due mainly to the open space of airport land, the golf courses, the River Torrens and Patawalonga Creek and their associated wetlands, and the West Beach Trust land. Management actions to further enhance terrestrial and wetland open space for birds are provided to guide land managers in their decision making. Regular bird surveys at Adelaide Airport, two golf courses and the lower reaches of the River Torrens conducted from 1988 to the present (to 2016 at the Airport) were the impetus for this paper and they demonstrate the importance of detailed and long-term data sets. They will provide a baseline to measure future changes to avifauna in the area, particularly as we experience a hotter and drier climate due to anthropogenic climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the broad background of international practice, this paper presents a methodology using the spatial analysis of the assessed value to the sales price ratio as an integral part of contributing to the quality control and assurance of the fiscal cadastre. It adopts Local Moran's I and surface interpolation techniques to highlight potential geographical areas of inequity that may be more a function of a location differential than a price differential, the traditional indicator of inequity. Using the metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia, as a case study the paper explores a potential methodology to capture this dimension and include it as part of the overall quality assurance procedure. This could enhance the quality of the fiscal cadastre as an integrated part of a spatially enabled land administration system for all stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is a complex experience that differs from one migrant group to the other. Migrants have often been mistakenly seen as one homogenous group with shared experience, overlooking the diversity that exists within their visa conditions, cultural backgrounds and gender category. The generalization of the migration experience among all migrant groups usually overlooks the very specific issues arising within different types of migration and within different migrant groups. Generally, research on migrant women often portrays a victim image of them and neglects their strength and resilience. This paper addresses some of the gaps in the literature concerned with generalization and concepts of resilience. Utilizing a qualitative feminist methodology, conversations were made with eight Iraqi sponsored women living in Adelaide who arrived in Australia holding a Temporary Spouse Visa (TSV), with no specified period of entry. Within the focus on Iraqi women, the paper explores two concepts: challenges of a TSV within marriage migration and patterns of resilience amongst Iraqi sponsored women. The core argument of this paper is that the Australian TSV category which facilitates marriage migration is politically discriminative against women and significantly contributes to women's vulnerability to abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper reports on a qualitative study of lay knowledge about health inequalities and solutions to address them. Social determinants of health are responsible for a large proportion of health inequalities (unequal levels of health status) and inequities (unfair access to health services and resources) within and between countries. Despite an expanding evidence base supporting action on social determinants, understanding of the impact of these determinants is not widespread and political will appears to be lacking. A small but growing body of research has explored how ordinary people theorise health inequalities and the implications for taking action. The findings are variable, however, in terms of an emphasis on structure versus individual agency and the relationship between being 'at risk' and acceptance of social/structural explanations. Methods: This paper draws on findings from a qualitative study conducted in Adelaide, South Australia, to examine these questions. The study was an integral part of mixed-methods research on the links between urban location, social capital and health. It comprised 80 in-depth interviews with residents in four locations with contrasting socio-economic status. The respondents were asked about the cause of inequalities and actions that could be taken by governments to address them. Results: Although generally willing to discuss health inequalities, many study participants tended to explain the latter in terms of individual behaviours and attitudes rather than social/structural conditions. Moreover, those who identified social/structural causes tended to emphasise individualized factors when describing typical pathways to health outcomes. This pattern appeared largely independent of participants' own experience of advantage or disadvantage, and was reinforced in discussion of strategies to address health inequalities. Conclusions: Despite the explicit emphasis on social/structural issues expressed in the study focus and framing of the research questions, participants did not display a high level of knowledge about the nature and causes of place-based health inequalities. By extending the scope of lay theorizing to include a focus on solutions, this study offers additional insights for public health. Specifically it suggests that a popular constituency for action on the social determinants of health is unlikely to eventuate from the current popular understandings of possible policy levers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inclusion amongst Olympic sports in the 1990s, women's soccer has grown impressively worldwide. Despite its rapid global expansion and growth in the number of playing participants, the sport has been neglected by geographers. In Australia, which is currently the fifth women's soccer country in the world as per registered players, the popularity of the sport has grown significantly in recent years. Perhaps even more strikingly, however, the approach to the sport has changed, to focus on the achievement of results. The shift in the purpose of women's soccer, from a solely social and recreational activity to an achievement sport, is a result of the increasing links between the local women's soccer systems and the global world of sport. The paper examines an exemplar of South Australia, and in particular the Adelaide metropolitan region. Here, in the last 30 years, women's soccer has evolved from a geography of foundation, defined by informal organisation and localised scope, to a geography of achievement, characterised by an institutionalised focus on the production of players, the introduction of higher-profile ‘sportscapes’, a broader pattern of clubs distribution, and a new set of connections with global women's soccer. The current geography of achievement links local and global women's soccer scenes. On the other hand, it funnels access to the achievement level of South Australian women's soccer to a limited central area of Adelaide's metropolitan region. The paper also draws attention to the part that social capital, and especially ‘bridging’ social capital, played in enabling the evolution of Adelaide women's soccer. The role of social capital as a contributing element of the development of sporting systems is a topic that deserves further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a case study of the construction of a partially pre-stressed multi-storey office block in Adelaide, Australia. The designers and construction managers faced numerous issues involving the construction speed and performance of the nine storey building, in particular the performance of the two-way partially pre-stressed suspended slabs. The planned construction period was an absolute minimum due to a contract for early occupancy and high daily costs of construction equipment. Excessive deflections of the 9.6 m × 8.4 m × 200 mm thick slabs were a concern for this fast-track construction. This situation created some significant issues to ensure satisfactory construction speed and acceptable deflection levels. This paper discusses these issues while also explaining and documenting the steps taken to obtain the final solution. A large collection of data from the construction process is presented. An emphasis is placed on the material properties of the concrete slabs, namely compressive strength (fc) and modulus of elasticity (Ec) development over time, due to their direct effect on the construction timeline. The effects of concrete curing conditions on material property development are also addressed. Lastly the outcomes and performance of the slabs, namely construction time and slab deformations, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on the Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia (PESA) conferences with Richard Peters. The author cites that attending conferences in Australia and New Zealand such as those in Adelaide and Christchurch, respectively, were rewarding and satisfying in terms of academic and society. He says that he was influenced much by Kevin Harris' scrutiny on the linguistic approach to Philosophy of Education in a 1976 conference. He comments that the quality of papers in 2007 Wellington conference was less of congeniality than the previous conferences he was associated with. He adds that maybe competition is damaging collegiality and lowering the standards. He concludes that his 40-year experience with PESA personalities was valuable.

Tensions between constructions of nature and culture are increasingly relevant in the twenty-first century as natural environments near large population centres come under increasing pressure from developers. The western face of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, is a historically significant cultural landscape where, following European colonisation, landscape use transitioned between 'cultural' and 'natural' according to local economies and changing public perceptions. Historical and archaeological evidence for the evolution of this landscape illustrate the dichotomies between these changing landscape values and growing public appreciation of the aesthetic qualities of this 'green' backdrop to the city of Adelaide. During the 1960s and 1970s the South Australian Parliament passed legislation creating a Hills Face Zone to protect this region from urban development. This paper presents evidence why, fifty years later, this model for landscape management is increasingly relevant as world population growth and urban sprawl extend into natural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water main breaks in city areas can cause significant economic loss, interrupt traffic, and result in negative publicity for utilities. The South Australian Water Corporation (SA Water) has taken a proactive approach to reduce water main breaks in the Adelaide, Australia, central business district (CBD) by detecting developing pipe cracks/leaks using distributed acoustic sensors (accelerometers) with customized analytics and internet of things (IoT) technologies. This paper reports the findings and the outcomes of this initiative 24 months after the first commissioning of the continuous leak detection system. The acoustic data analytics team (comprising the authors) has successfully interpreted acoustic data from numerous cracked pipes in the Adelaide CBD, with approximately 55% of all developing leaks associated with cracked pipes being able to be detected before uncontrolled failure (i.e., before unplanned interruption of customers and/or third party economic damage). Furthermore, the localization and repair of specific cracks (sometimes through sections of corroded cast iron pipe walls) can help justify extending the service life of the water main as points of weakness (faults) are specifically rectified. However, only 45% of the developing cracks have been able to be repaired, after detection, under controlled conditions (i.e., before the planned interruption of customers) due to practical limitations affecting operational responses. The results have confirmed the additional insight that can be obtained by continuously collecting acoustic data in terms of distinguishing environmental and crack noises as well as circumferential from longitudinal cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a growing call for sociologically engaged research to better understand the complex processes underpinning Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN). Based on a qualitative study with women in Adelaide, South Australia who were reluctant to seek help for their disordered eating practices, this paper draws on anthropological concepts of embodiment to examine how SE-AN is experienced as culturally grounded. We argue that experiences of SE-AN are culturally informed, and in turn, inform bodily perception and practice in the world. Over time, everyday rituals and routines became part of participants' habitus' , experienced as taken-for-granted practices that structured life-worlds. Here, culture and self are not separate, but intimately entangled in and through embodiment. Approaching SE-AN through a paradigm of embodiment has important implications for therapeutic models that attempt to move anorexia nervosa away from the body and separate it from the self in order to achieve recovery. Separating experiences—literally disembodying anorexia nervosa—was described by participants as more than the loss of an identity; it would dismantle their sense of being-in-the-world. Understanding how SE-AN is itself a structure that structures every aspect of daily life, helps us to understand the fear of living differently, and the safety that embodied routines bring. We conclude by asking what therapeutic treatment might look like if we took embodiment as one orientation to SE-AN, and focused on quality of life and harm minimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes, the nature and the extent of unneighbourly relations between neighbours living in small multi-owned residential buildings (MOBs, sometimes called strata) in Australian cities, and the effect of these relations on the health and wellbeing of residents. The impact of neighbour relations and conflicts on residents' health and wellbeing has not been explored before in the context of small MOBs in Australia (under 12 units). Design/methodology/approach: The research involved an analysis of secondary data on common problems experienced in MOBs between neighbours, in-depth face-to-face interviews with twenty-six residents and interviews with five managers of management agencies in metropolitan Melbourne (Victoria) and Adelaide (South Australia), Australia. Findings: When strata processes and management worked well residents were positive about living in such an arrangement. However, when the strata group was less harmonious residents reported that it impacted negatively on their health and wellbeing. Research limitations/implications: The study's findings are subject to the widely acknowledged limitations of small sample-based interview research. Findings indicate that there is a need to explore the benefits and disadvantages of living in small multi-owned residential buildings in Australia on a larger scale. Practical implications: There are three policy implications from the findings: a need for better education of prospective buyers regarding the nature of strata living; tighter regulation of rules for small multi-owned apartment buildings is required, (in a similar way to how the regulations operate in large apartment buildings); and a need to include private rental tenants living in strata in the everyday life around the management of the building. Originality/value: The impact of neighbourly relations and conflicts on the health and wellbeing of residents living in MOBs, particularly small ones, has not been studied adequately, as current research focuses on large apartment buildings. This research addresses a gap in the literature in the study of small living arrangements (town houses, apartment buildings, terraces), with 12 or less apartments, with a focus on residents' health and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor thermal comfort is influenced by people's climate expectations, perceptions and adaptation capacity. Varied individual response to comfortable or stressful thermal environments results in a deviation between actual outdoor thermal activity choices and those predicted by thermal comfort indices. This paper presents a passive activity observation (PAO) method for estimating contextual limits of outdoor thermal adaptation. The PAO method determines which thermal environment result in statistically meaningful changes may occur in outdoor activity patterns, and it estimates thresholds of outdoor thermal neutrality and limits of thermal adaptation in public space based on activity observation and microclimate field measurement. Applications of the PAO method have been demonstrated in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney, where outdoor activities were analysed against outdoor thermal comfort indices between 2013 and 2014. Adjusted apparent temperature (aAT), adaptive predicted mean vote (aPMV), outdoor standard effective temperature (OUT_SET), physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and universal thermal comfort index (UTCI) are calculated from the PAO data. Using the PAO method, the high threshold of outdoor thermal neutrality was observed between 24 °C for optional activities and 34 °C for necessary activities (UTCI scale). Meanwhile, the ultimate limit of thermal adaptation in uncontrolled public spaces is estimated to be between 28 °C for social activities and 48 °C for necessary activities. Normalised results indicate that city-wide high thresholds for outdoor thermal neutrality vary from 25 °C in Melbourne to 26 °C in Sydney and 30 °C in Adelaide. The PAO method is a relatively fast and localised method for measuring limits of outdoor thermal adaptation and effectively informs urban design and policy making in the context of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the disjuncture between medico‐legal trajectories of living and dying, in which lives start and stop, and the cyclic comings and goings of Buddhist and Hindu bodies. Drawing on fieldwork with Buddhist and Hindu communities in Adelaide, South Australia, I attend to the multiple temporalities that become implicated in end‐of‐life decision‐making about how and when a person may die. Thus, I reorient advance care planning from the linear projection of a single life towards cyclic considerations of the life course. In regarding life and death as ongoing I make space for temporalities of living and dying that run counter to public policy instruments, which focus on an irrevocable, yet calculable, end to life. I demonstrate how advance care planning processes and documents that construct the life course as advancing in a singular, linear and predictable trajectory overlook the multiple temporalities and directions that lives and deaths may take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pilot programme has been established in Adelaide to address the level of flood awareness and preparedness among residents within two local council areas. The 11-month programme commenced in December 2006. The aims of the programme are to promote self-reliance among residents and businesses to minimise risk to personal safety and property damage during a flood event. A key aspect of the programme is to target those most at risk, focusing on one-on-one interviews at flood-prone properties. This paper outlines the approach taken in conducting the pilot program me, and reviews the programme outcomes to date. The paper includes a discussion on approaches to extend similar programmes to a wider area. It explores the value of self-help measures in producing resilient communities and some of the costs involved in maintaining effective flood response. It is anticipated that this paper will be of interest to professionals involved in engaging communities in emergency planning and response. The paper emphasises one-on-one meetings as an appropriate and effective tool to promote risk reduction among those in highest risk areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some of the issues that arise out of partnerships between universities and regions. It draws upon the experience of Flinders University in working with a range of regional agents in responding to the closure of the Mitsubishi Motors Australia Limited (MMAL) plant at Lonsdale in Adelaide's southern suburbs. The paper suggests that there are a number of hurdles to the establishment of effective partnerships that include: the perception that universities behave in ways that are different to either public or private sector organizations; the absence of universities from the networks and communication protocols central to the work of economic development practitioners; the sporadic nature of university engagement with regional issues; and, the gap between university funding models and local economic aspirations. The paper also finds that government-established mechanisms for regional development may be flawed, especially if they are dominated by representatives of the public sector. The research concludes that current policy preoccupations with the development of commercially valuable intellectual property results in a heavy discounting of other economic impacts. Finally, the paper argues that a pathway for effective engagement between universities and their regions can be established, but such initiatives require considerable time, patience and understanding on the part of all parties. Periods of regional economic stress may not be the most appropriate periods for establishing these working relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: This paper is the second in a series of two that presents and discusses an exploratory evaluation study of the ‘Motor Magic’ program conducted in Adelaide, South Australia. Methods: A realist evaluation approach was used, and two focus groups (one with parents and one with kindergarten staff) were held to identify program outcomes and to develop and refine key hypotheses about how these outcomes occurred. Results and Conclusions: Results for kindergarten staff involved in the program are presented and discussed in this paper, including improved early identification and early intervention for children with, or at risk of, fine motor developmental difficulties; increased confidence in the effectiveness of their practice with these children; improved practice of kindergarten staff with both targeted and all children; improved empathy with, and support for, parents; and increased interagency links and ongoing advocacy for further resources. These results suggest that the program provides an effective model for building the capacity of kindergarten staff to support children with, or at risk of, developmental difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater availability to meet the growing needs of humankind has raised serious concerns in the recent past. Two immediate responses to counter this challenge are efficient allocation of the scarce resources, and development and use of alternative sources of water. While ‘water markets’ are seen as a means to achieve efficient allocation of the scare resources, treated wastewater and low-quality water are now considered as potential sources of water to supplement the freshwater supplies. However, the latter option, that is use of reclaimed water as an alternative, imposes concerns regarding its suitability to sustain development. This is because of various issues related to wastewater usage and application. At the same time, it is also true that a successful and well-planned reuse scheme can help achieve sustainability as evidenced in some isolated cases around the world. In line with this, the current paper adopts a case-study approach to demonstrate how a successful reuse scheme in Adelaide, South Australia, has contributed to the sustainable development of the region. The paper looks into the socio-economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability and arrives at a conclusion that properly planned and managed reuse schemes backed with effective regulatory and policy measures can lead to sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]