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Paleomagnetic data is collected from bulk samples, containing a mixture of stable and unstable magnetic particles. Recently, magnetic microscopy techniques have allowed the examination of individual magnetic grains. However, accurately determining the magnetic moments of these grains is difficult and time‐consuming due to the inherent ambiguity of the data and the large number of grains in each image. Here we introduce a fast and semi‐automated algorithm that estimates the position and magnetization of dipolar sources solely based on the magnetic microscopy data. The algorithm follows a three‐step process: (a) employ image processing techniques to identify and isolate data windows for each magnetic source; (b) use Euler Deconvolution to estimate the position of each source; (c) solve a linear inverse problem to estimate the dipole moment of each source. To validate the algorithm, we conducted synthetic data tests, including varying particle concentrations and non‐dipolarity. The tests show that our method is able to accurately recover the position and dipole moment of particles that are at least 15 μm apart for a source‐sensor separation of 5 μm. For grain concentrations of 6,250 grains/mm3, our method is able to detect over 60% of the particles present in the data. We applied the method to real data of a speleothem sample, where it accurately retrieved the expected directions induced in the sample. The semi‐automated nature of our algorithm, combined with its low processing cost and ability to determine the magnetic moments of numerous particles, represents a significant advancement in facilitating paleomagnetic applications of magnetic microscopy. Plain Language Summary: Very small magnetic particles in rocks and other materials can store information about what the Earth's magnetic field was like in the past. But not all particles are good recorders of this magnetic information, and some may have recorded different overlapping directions and strengths. So it is important to measure each particle separately in order to identify and separate the good recorders from the bad ones. A device called a "quantum diamond microscope" is able to measure the magnetic field near the surface of a rock sample at microscopic scale. We propose a new method for processing data from this microscope that is able to find out the individual magnetizations of large amounts of small magnetic particles automatically. We created a computer program to execute the method, which calculates the 3D position and magnetization of each particle using the simple model of a magnetic dipole. We tested the method on simulated data, using fake magnetic particles for which we know the correct magnetization and position, and real data, both of which showed good results in most cases. The method we created has the potential to enable the widespread study of the magnetism of natural materials with more detail than before. Key Points: We present a fast algorithm to estimate the position and magnetization of individual sources using only magnetic microscopy dataThe algorithm was validated using synthetic samples that included both dipolar and non‐dipolar sources with varying depths and intensitiesThe successful application of the algorithm on a speleothem sample represents an advancement of this methodology for paleomagnetic studies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During the period of 2020 to May 2022, the Iraqi Kurdistan region experienced several small to moderate size earthquakes. The seismic waveform data of these earthquakes were collected from regional and local broadband seismic stations. Waveform data was analyzed for seventy earthquakes to determine their source parameters, which may contribute to the active tectonics in those areas. Moment tensor inversion is estimated for the detected local earthquakes by analysis of observed seismic waveforms in different selected areas. The waveform inversion determines the seismic moment, depth, and kind of rupturing fault at the source. A grid search is employed as part of the inversion procedure across the strike, dip, and rake angles for each depth between 0.5 and 40 Km in increments of 1 Km. Waveform modeling is used to correlate the observed and created waveforms by applying bandpass filters and a suitable velocity model for Green's function using computer programs in seismology and the ISOLA code "Isolated asperities" for multiple-point source modeling. The results show that the earthquakes with M ≥ 4 have a focal depth ranging between 7 and 20 Km. Furthermore, the regional stresses were identified and the mechanism for the optimum fit was determined. The source mechanisms in the study area are most likely a combination of strike-slip, oblique-slip, and thrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-defined statistical copolymers of n-hexyl isocyanate, HIC, and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate, TESPI, were synthesized via coordination polymerization mechanism, employing a chiral half-titanocene complex as initiator. The monomer reactivity ratios of the statistical copolymers were calculated using linear graphical methods and the computer program COPOINT in the frame of the terminal model. The molecular and structural characteristics of the copolymers were also calculated. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of the statistical copolymers was studied by Thermogravimetric Analysis, TGA, and Differential Thermogravimetry, DTG, and the activation energy of this process was calculated employing several theoretical models. In addition, block copolymers constituted from PHIC and PTESPI blocks were synthesized by sequential coordination polymerization. All samples were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography, SEC. The thermal stability of the blocks was also studied by TGA and DTG and compared to the corresponding statistical copolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arrhenius temperature integral is typically used in non-isothermal kinetic analysis, which is widely applied in gas–solid reactions in separation processes. In previous studies, researchers provided various methods to solve the temperature integral, but the error usually became significant when the value of x (x = Ea/RT) was too large or too small. In this paper, we present a new series method and design a computer program to calculate the temperature integral. According to the precise calculation of the temperature integral, we first reveal the relationship among the integral, the temperature, and the activation energy, and we find an interesting phenomenon in which the 3-D image of the temperature integral is of self-similarity according to fractal theory. The work is useful for mechanism and theoretical studies of non-isothermal kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a method to compute the dispersion curves of underground propagating waves. The method conceptualizes the underground space as consisting of two general layers. One is described numerically by variational finite elements which can model complex soil profiles; the other one is described analytically by interactions of bulk waves which represent leaking wave field in the unbounded deep soil. The dispersion curves are finally obtained from a linear generalized eigenproblem mathematically well-studied. The method and its computer program are verified by comparison with the published results for three cases of underground systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracking is important in a system that harnesses solar energy. Single axis tracking mechanism is cheaper and simple to develop but because of the limitation of tracking axis, this system is less efficient than dual axis. Dual-axis tracking systems necessitate a large number of equipment, sensors, motors, and a lengthy computer program to function properly. Therefore, in the present study, a novel method of solar tracking has been discussed where each tracking point has the impact of both the azimuth and altitude angle at a single point. This method is an average axis tracking method (AATM). HelioScope software was used to extract the hourly solar altitude and azimuth angles for each day and month for the site of Bhopal, India. The average method was then used to get the hourly average solar tracking angle (ASTA) for each month. The parabolic dish concentrator was designed in SolidWorks to apply and simulate the newly developed tracking points on SolTrace software. The graphical analysis was presented along with proper validation of the proposed method, and the single and dual axes were compared with AATM. The graphical study shows that the average axis tracking points have a smoother slop of wave than the single axis. From June to September, the proposed method's error was estimated between 0.85 and 0.95. It can be concluded that by making slight adjustments to the seasonal angle, this error could be minimized and the concept could be successfully applied to a parabolic dish or a solar PV system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a generalization of separability for global optimization, presented in the context of a simple branch and bound method. Our results apply to continuously differentiable objective functions implemented as computer programs. A significant search space reduction can be expected to yield an acceleration of any global optimization method. We show how to utilize interval derivatives calculated by adjoint algorithmic differentiation to examine the monotonicity of the objective with respect to so called structural separators and how to verify the latter automatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Influence of Product Quality, Service Quality and Price to Competitiveness with Citra Merek as Intervening VariaBle (Case Study on Suparni Boutique Boutique). This study aims to determine (1) the effect of Product Quality on Competitiveness on Suparni Butik (2) the influence of Service Quality on Competitiveness in Suparni Butik (3) Price Influence on Competitiveness in Suparni Boutique Boutique (4) Product Quality Influence to Citra Merek at Butik IBu Suparni (5) the influence of Service Quality to Citra Merek on Suparni Butik (6) Price Influence on Citra Merek on Suparni Boutique (7) Citra Merek influence to Competitiveness on Suparni Boutique Boutique. This research uses saturated sampling technique. The population of this research is all customer of Mrs. Suparni which amounted to 210 people. This research method uses quantitative research method with LISREL computer program and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result of the research shows that there is a significant influence of Product Quality on Competitiveness in Suparni Boutique Boutique with the value of T Statistics 5,46 = 1.96. There is a significant influence of Service Quality on Competitiveness at Suparni Boutique Boutique with the value of T Statistics is 6.19 = 1.96. There is a significant influence on the Competitiveness of Competitiveness in Suparni's Boutique Boutique with the value of T Statistics is 8.03 = 1.96. There is no significant effect of Product Quality on Citra Merek on Suparni Boutique Bout with T Statistics is 1.83 = 1.96. There is no significant effect of Service Quality on Citra Merek on Suparni Boutique with T Statistics is 1.56 = 1.96. There is no significant effect on Citra Merek Prices on Suparni Boutique Boutiques with T Statistics Being 0.54 = 1.96. There is no significant effect of Citra Merek on Competitiveness in Suparni's Boutique Boutique with the value of T Statistics is 0.53 = 1.96. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engagement in complex, challenging and multifaceted model-eliciting activities is considered helpful for preparing learners for everyday life. The current study seeks to trace the evolution of modelling routines during two model-eliciting activities. To identify how these routines emerged and evolved, we video-recorded a group of five prospective teachers as they worked on two model-eliciting activities. We then transcribed the recordings and analysed the prospective teachers' discussion using the lens of learning as routinization. Specifically, in the participants' work on the two model-eliciting activities, we identified three routines that emerged and evolved during their discussion. The main routine focused on integrating all the components provided to create a model. The other routines entailed assigning values to numerical and qualitative data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The support systems for assisting clinical decision highly improve the quality and efficiency of the therapeutic and diagnostic treatment in medicine. The proper implementation of such systems can emulate the reasoning of health care professionals in such a way that suggest reasonable decisions on patient treatment. The fuzzy logic system can be considered as one of the efficient techniques for converting a complex decision tree that usually facing the physician into artificial intelligent procedure embedded in a computer program. So many properties in fuzzy logic system that can facilitate the process of medical diagnosis and therapeutic management. In this paper, a system for therapeutic management of hypertriglyceridemia was efficiently realized using a fuzzy logic technique. The obtained results had shown that the proposed fuzzy logic contributes a reliable managing procedure for assisting the physicians and pharmacist in treating the hypertriglyceridemia. Many different hypertriglyceridemia treatment cases showed a perfect matching decision between the standard guidelines and that given by the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Deformable dose accumulation (DDA) has uncertainties which impede the implementation of DDA-based adaptive radiotherapy (ART) in clinic. The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-layer quality assurance (MLQA) program to evaluate uncertainties in DDA. Methods: A computer program is developed to generate a pseudo-inverse displacement vector field (DVF) for each deformable image registration (DIR) performed in Accuray’s PreciseART. The pseudo-inverse DVF is first used to calculate a pseudo-inverse consistency error (PICE) and then implemented in an energy and mass congruent mapping (EMCM) method to reconstruct a deformed dose. The PICE is taken as a metric to estimate DIR uncertainties. A pseudo-inverse dose agreement rate (PIDAR) is used to evaluate the consequence of the DIR uncertainties in DDA and the principle of energy conservation is used to validate the integrity of dose mappings. The developed MLQA program was tested using the data collected from five representative cancer patients treated with tomotherapy. Results: DIRs were performed in PreciseART to generate primary DVFs for the five patients. The fidelity index and PICE of these DVFs on average are equal to 0.028 mm and 0.169 mm, respectively.With the criteria of 3 mm/3% and 5 mm/5%,the PIDARs of the PreciseART-reconstructed doses are 73.9 ± 4.4% and 87.2 ± 3.3%, respectively. The PreciseART and EMCM-based dose reconstructions have their deposited energy changed by 5.6 ± 3.9% and 2.6 ± 1.5% in five GTVs, and by 9.2 ± 7.8% and 4.7 ± 3.6% in 30 OARs, respectively. Conclusions: A pseudo-inverse map-based EMCM program has been developed to evaluate DIR and dose mapping uncertainties. This program could also be used as a sanity check tool for DDA-based ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the daily routines of caregivers and the coping behaviors of both children and caregivers during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic. We collected data from ten caregivers and their children through caregiver and child interviews, and a caregiver survey in the Summer of 2020. We used descriptive statistics, and open, axial, and selective coding processes to analyze research data. Findings indicated that caregivers experienced difficulties in balancing home, work, and personal responsibilities. Both caregivers and children experienced social and emotional challenges, and their technology and digital media use differed. To cope with challenges, caregivers and children used various coping strategies. Our study deepened our understanding of the daily routines and coping behaviors of caregivers and children during the global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inerter is a two-terminal inertial element that can produce an amplified inertance and enhanced damping when operating with spring and damping elements. Its superior vibration mitigation effect has been proved by previous studies. Although H∞ optimal design of inerter-controlled single-degree-of-freedom structure can be derived based on fixed-point method, rational and theoretical design methods for inerter-controlled multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures yet need to be developed. In this study, a practical and semi-analytical method based on the damping enhancement principle is proposed for the design of inerter-controlled MDOF structures under earthquakes. To improve the vibration mitigation efficiency, the parameters of inerter systems are distributed based on structural responses, and the required damping coefficient in the inerter systems is minimized to fully utilize the damping enhancement effect of inerter systems. The response mitigation ratio is taken as the targeted performance index to fulfill the demand-oriented design philosophy presented in this study. The stochastic response of the structure is obtained by conducting complex mode superposition. A detailed design procedure and corresponding computer program is developed. Three benchmark structures are employed to exemplify the effectiveness of the proposed design. The analysis results show that the story drifts and story shear forces of the designed structure are effectively mitigated to the target value. In comparison with an existing method (the fixed-point method), the proposed design strategy efficiently exploits the damping enhancement effect, resulting in reducing the damping coefficient and damping force while satisfying the performance demand, thereby producing a rational and economical design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are now several comprehensive web applications, stand-alone computer programs and computer algebra functions that, given a floating point number such as 6.518670730718491, can return concise nonfloat constants such as 3 arctan 2 + ln 9 + 1 that closely approximate the float. Examples include AskConstants, Inverse Symbolic Calculator, the Maple identify function, MESearch, OEIS, Ordner, RIES, and WolframAlpha. Usefully often such a result is the exact limit as the float is computed with increasing precision, which is rather like unscrambling an egg. Therefore these program results are candidates for proving an exact result that you could not conjecture without the program. Moreover, candidates that are not the exact limit can be provable bounds, or convey qualitative insight, or suggest series that they truncate, or provide sufficiently close efficient approximations for subsequent computation. This article describes some of these programs, how they work, and how best to use each of them. Almost everyone who uses or should use mathematical software can benefit from acquaintance with several such programs, because these programs differ in the sets of constants that they can return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: The investigation of heavy-ion (HI) induced fusion processes in order to comprehend the many mechanisms involved in these reactions has long been a focus of nuclear physics. The complicated structure and behavior of projectile and target nuclei with various projectile energy allows us to define the reaction process and may aid in the investigation of the potential of creating superheavy elements (SHE) in the laboratory. Methods: The semiclassical and full quantum mechanical complete fusion cross section calculations sfus and the distribution of the fusion barrier Dfus for the systems 12C+50Ti,15N+56Fe,16O+63Cu and 40Ar+27Al. The calculations have been carried out by using SCF code for semiclassical and CC code for quantum mechanical calculations. To account for the target and projectile relative motion, we modified these codes. The fusion barrier distribution to be calculated directly from this code by subroutines written in Fortran language and added to the main code. The coupled-channel is considered by taking two channels only due to the difficulty of solving coupled differential equations. Results: The obtained results for sfus and the Dfus for the studied systems were compared to the related measured data and discussed. Conclusion: The semiclassical method used to describe the fusion reaction agrees very well with the quantum method and with the measured data and we can conclude that this semiclassical method can be used as alternative to quantum method to study the fusion reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a quantum chemistry simulation software program BQ-Chem, which can calculate the low-energy spectrum and potential energy surface of molecules on a quantum computer. BQ-Chem is based on the full quantum eigensolver (FQE), which is implemented with a quantum gradient descent algorithm. Benefiting from FQE, BQ-Chem can perform all the calculations on a quantum computer. Compared with the classical optimization methods which encounter the optimization difficulty of high-dimensional and multivariable functions in dealing with multielectron orbitals of macromolecules, FQE provides an exponential speedup. FQE works fully on a quantum computer; thus, BQ-Chem can be smoothly transited to future large-scale quantum computers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses about the Special Issue Current Approaches to Romanian and Spanish Intonation with focuses on Prosodic distances between different survey sites in Romance-speaking Europe, a dialectometric approach to Romanian intonation.and Some considerations about intonation patterns of vocatives in Romanian language.

Paraconvex multimaps are revisited in normed vector space setting. A parallel is provided with the studies conducted for real valued paraconvex functions on generalized convexities and monotonicities. Several characterizations are then obtained. The links with some generalized convexities for multimaps are examined and a first classification is achieved. In addition, two representation results for 2-paraconvex multimaps are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a robust multiobjective optimization problem involving nonsmooth/nonconvex real-valued functions. Under an appropriate constraint qualification, we establish necessary optimality conditions for weakly robust efficient solutions of the considered problem. These optimality conditions are presented in terms of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker multipliers and convexificators of the related functions. Examples illustrating our findings are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model is formulated, and a finite-difference method and computer programs have been developed that allow effective computer simulation of the process of thermal breakdown of contact films. The system of equations includes the Stefan problem, the equations of electric transfer and of a switched circuit. The axial symmetry of the boundary-value problem conditions is assumed. A finite-difference method in a spherical coordinate system is used for the solution. During the development of the process, the radius of the conducting bridge made of a molten material changes by several orders of magnitude. An effective solution of this problem is the use of a "moving" grid by corresponding replacing the variables. The results of the work can be applied in the practice of research and design of electrical apparatuses and other electrotechnical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]