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Abstract Direct photocatalytic conversion of methane to value-added C1 oxygenate with O2 is of great interest but presents a significant challenge in achieving highly selective product formation. Herein, a general strategy for the construction of copper single-atom catalysts with a well-defined coordination microenvironment is developed on the basis of metal-organic framework for selective photo-oxidation of CH4 to HCHO. We propose the directional activation of O2 on the mono-copper site breaks the original equilibrium and tilts the balance of radical formation almost completely toward •OOH. The synchronously generated •OOH and •CH3 radicals rapidly combine to form HCHO while inhibiting competing reactions, thus resulting in ultra-highly selective HCHO production (nearly 100%) with a time yield of 2.75 mmol gcat −1 h−1. This work highlights the potential of rationally designing reaction sites to manipulate reaction pathways and achieve selective CH4 photo-oxidation, and could guide the further design of high-performance single-atom catalysts to meet future demand.

Abstract Aims Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, a therapy for end‐stage heart failure, is associated with platelet (PLT) activation. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic impact of PLT count in patients with LVAD implantation. Methods and Results Data from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) registry were investigated, and patients were divided into three groups according to tertiles. The dynamic change of PLT counts and its associations with long‐term outcomes were analysed. The primary outcome was long‐term mortality. A total of 19 517 patients who received the first continuous‐flow LVAD were identified from the INTERMACS registry. The PLT count underwent a dynamic change towards normalization after LVAD implantation. Compared with intermediate, both high (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 1.17, P = 0.033) and low (HR, 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.27, P

Abstract Accurate computation of the gas adsorption properties of MOFs is usually bottlenecked by the DFT calculations required to generate partial atomic charges. Therefore, large virtual screenings of MOFs often use the QEq method which is rapid, but of limited accuracy. Recently, machine learning (ML) models have been trained to generate charges in much better agreement with DFT-derived charges compared to the QEq models. Previous ML charge models for MOFs have all used training sets with less than 3000 MOFs obtained from the CoRE MOF database, which has recently been shown to have high structural error rates. In this work, we developed a graph attention network model for predicting DFT-derived charges in MOFs where the model was developed with the ARC-MOF database that contains 279,632 MOFs and over 40 million charges. This model, which we call MEPO-ML, predicts charges with a mean absolute error of 0.025e on our test set of over 27 K MOFs. Other ML models reported in the literature were also trained using the same dataset and descriptors, and MEPO-ML was shown to give the lowest errors. The gas adsorption properties evaluated using MEPO-ML charges are found to be in significantly better agreement with the reference DFT-derived charges compared to the empirical charges, for both polar and non-polar gases. Using only a single CPU core on our benchmark computer, MEPO-ML charges can be generated in less than two seconds on average (including all computations required to apply the model) for MOFs in the test set of 27 K MOFs.

Abstract Research on outdoor, mobile, and self-powered temperature-control devices has always been highly regarded. These devices can reduce energy consumption for cooling and heating, and they have broad market prospects. On this basis, a rotary disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 6913 V, a maximum short-circuit current of 85 μA, and a maximum transferred charge of 1.3 μC was prepared. We synthesized a ferroelectric ceramic composed of 0.15PbTiO3–0.85PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 (0.15PT–0.85PST), which exhibited excellent electrothermal effects at room temperature. By quenching, the electrothermal effect ( $$\Delta$$ Δ T max) and energy harvesting properties of the device were 1.574 K and 0.542 J/cm3, respectively. Then, for the first time, we proposed a self-powered temperature quantification control system with a rotary disc-shaped TENG. This device effectively harnessed wind and water energy, in addition to other types of energy. The system consisted of energy collecting cups, a rotating disc-shaped FEP–rabbit fur TENG, a circuit management module, and a ferroelectric ceramic chip array. Through the circuit management module, the system converted external wind energy into a high-voltage electric field at the two ends of the 0.15PT–0.85PST ceramic chip to fully stimulate the electrothermal effect. At a speed of 200 rpm, the temperature change in the insulated cup within 276 s was 0.49 K, and the volume of the insulated cup was 300 times greater than that of the 0.15PT–0.85PST ceramic chip. Compared with the results reported in previous work, the cooling and heating times were both reduced by 31%, and the temperature changes for both cooling and heating increased by 81%. Moreover, the heating and cooling temperatures of the device optimized on this basis were increased to 1.19 K and 0.93 K, respectively. The great improvement in the temperature variation performance confirmed the great potential of the device for commercialization. This research could serve as a reference for reducing energy consumption for cooling and heating, and it meets the international energy policies of carbon dioxide emission peaking and carbon neutrality.

Abstract Climate change affects the geographical distribution of species. Predicting the future potential areas suitable for certain species is of great significance for understanding their distribution characteristics and exerting their value. Based on the data of 276 effective distribution points of Polygonum capitatum and 20 ecological factors, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and the ArcGIS software were employed to predict the areas suitable for P. capitatum growth, and the main environmental factors affecting the geographical distribution of this species were explored. Under the current climatic conditions, the areas highly suitable for P. capitatum are mainly distributed in southwestern China, with a small number of sites in coastal areas and most sites in Guizhou Province. Under different climate scenarios, the suitable areas were reduced to varying degrees. The dominant environmental variables affecting the distribution of P. capitatum were precipitation in the driest month, annual precipitation, and elevation, with a cumulative contribution rate of 84.1%. Against the background of a changing climate, the areas suitable for P. capitatum in China will be widely distributed in the southwestern region, with Guizhou Province and Yunnan Province as the main distribution areas; some sites will also be distributed throughout the southwest of Tibet Autonomous Region, the south of Sichuan Province, the north of Guangxi Autonomous Region, and the coastal area of Fujian Province. Optimal conditions for P. capitatum include a dry month precipitation range of 13.4 to 207.3 mm, elevations from 460.3 to 7214.3 m, and annual precipitation between 810 and 1575 mm. Given these insights, we recommend enhanced conservation efforts in current prime habitats and exploring potential cultivation in newly identified suitable regions to ensure the species’ preservation and sustainable use.

Abstract Background Breeding polled goats is a welfare-friendly approach for horn removal in comparison to invasive methods. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis underlying polledness in goats, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of 106 Xinong Saanen dairy goats, including 33 horned individuals, 70 polled individuals, and 3 polled intersexuality syndrome (PIS) individuals. Methods The present study employed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis to precisely map the genetic locus underlying the polled phenotype in goats. Results The analysis conducted in our study revealed a total of 320 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the horned/polled phenotype in goats. These SNPs exhibited two distinct peaks on chromosome 1, spanning from 128,817,052 to 133,005,441 bp and from 150,336,143 to 150,808,639 bp. The present study identified three genome-wide significant SNPs, namely Chr1:129789816, Chr1:129791507, and Chr1:129791577, as potential markers of PIS-affected goats. The results of our LD analysis suggested a potential association between MRPS22 and infertile intersex individuals, as well as a potential association between ERG and the polled trait in goats. Conclusion We have successfully identified three marker SNPs closely linked to PIS, as well as several candidate genes associated with the polled trait in goats. These results may contribute to the development of SNP chips for early prediction of PIS in goats, thereby facilitating breeding programs aimed at producing fertile herds with polled traits.

Abstract Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) stands as the primary cause of heart failure and mortality among patients with diabetes. Nevertheless, conventional treatment approaches are limited in their ability to effectively prevent myocardial tissue damage itself. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy exhibits immense potential for treating DCM; however, the precise mechanisms involved in regulating inflammatory responses and pyroptosis processes, an emerging form of cellular death, within myocardial cells remain elusive. Hence, it is imperative to further elucidate the precise underlying mechanisms to facilitate the clinical implementation of MSC therapy. Methods In vivo, we established a DCM mouse model by administering streptozotocin and fed the mice a high-glucose and high-fat diet, followed by MSC therapy. Cardiac function and myocardial injury were evaluated through echocardiography and histological analysis. Furthermore, the levels of inflammation and pyroptosis were assessed using ELISA, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. In vitro experiments involved inducing H9C2 myocardial cell damage with high glucose treatment, followed by coculture with MSCs to investigate their role in modulating inflammation and pyroptosis mechanisms. Results MSCs can maintain cardiac function and alleviate myocardial injury in mice with DCM. Moreover, they effectively suppress the activation of NLRP3 and reduce the release of inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β and ROS), thereby further downregulating the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins including NLRP3, Caspase-1, and GSDMD. Additionally, we experimentally validated that MSCs exert their therapeutic effects by promoting the expression of miR-223-3p in cardiac myocytes; however, this effect can be reversed by an miR-223-3p inhibitor. Conclusion MSCs effectively mitigate the release of inflammatory factors and cell lysis caused by pyroptosis through the regulation of the miR-223-3p/NLRP3 pathway, thereby safeguarding cardiomyocytes against damage in DCM. This mechanism establishes a novel theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of cardiac conditions utilizing MSCs.

In order to solve the problem that the existing art style transfer methods can not maintain high-quality image content and transform style patterns at the same time, a novel style-transition attention network (STANet) was introduced, which consists of two key parts: one is the asymmetric attention module used to determine the style features of the reference image, and the other is the circular structure used to save the content of the image. Firstly, the two-stream architecture was adopted to encode the style and content images.Secondly, the attention module was seamlessly integrated into the encoder to generate the style attention representation. Finally, the module was put into different convolution stages, making the encoder interleaved, and facilitating the flow of hierarchical information from style to content. In addition, a circular consistency loss was proposed to force the network to retain the content structure and style patterns in a holistic manner. The results show that the encoder is superior to the traditional Shuangliu District architecture, and STANet can be used to exchange the style patterns of two images with any style, resulting in higher quality stylized images, while better preserving their own content. The proposed style conversion loop network with attention to style conversion makes the model stylized images more detailed and achieves good performance in generalization to any styles.

The heightened autonomy and robust adaptability inherent in a multi-robot system have proven pivotal in disaster search and rescue, agricultural irrigation, and environmental monitoring. This study addresses the coordination of multiple robots for the surveillance of various key target positions within an area. This involves the allocation of target positions among robots and the concurrent planning of routes for each robot. To tackle these challenges, we formulate a unified optimization model addressing both target allocation and route planning. Subsequently, we introduce an adaptive memetic algorithm featuring dual-level local search strategies. This algorithm operates independently among and within robots to effectively solve the optimization problem associated with surveillance. The proposed method’s efficacy is substantiated through comparative numerical experiments and simulated experiments involving diverse scales of robot teams and different target positions.

BaCe0.8Fe0.1Ni0.1O3−δ (BCFN) in a perovskite structure is impregnated consecutively by BCFN solution and BCFN suspension into a phase-inversion prepared NiO–Gd0.1Ce0.9O2−δ (GDC) scaffold as an anode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with on-cell dry reforming of methane (DRM). The whole pore surface of the scaffold is covered by small BCFN particles formed by BCFN solution impregnation; the large pores near the scaffold surface are filled by BCFN aerogels with a high specific surface area produced by BCFN suspension impregnation, which act as a catalytic layer for on-cell DRM. After reduction, the anode consists of a Ni–GDC scaffold and BCFN particles with exsolved FeNi3 nanoparticles. This BCFN-impregnated Ni–GDC anode has higher electrical conductivity, electrochemical activity, and resistance to carbon deposition, with which the cell shows maximum power densities between 1.44 and 0.92 W·cm−2 when using H2 and between 1.09 and 0.50 W·cm−2 when using CO2–CH4 at temperatures ranging from 750 to 600 °C. A stable performance at 400 mA·cm−2 and 700 °C is achieved using 45% CO2–45% CH4–10% N2 for more than 400 h without carbon deposition, benefiting from the impregnated BCFN aerogel with a high specific surface area and water adsorbability.

Abstract Background In recent years, the zero-profile implant (Zero-p) has emerged as a promising internal fixation technique. Although studies have indicated its potential superiority over conventional cage-plate implant (Cage-plate) in the treatment of degenerative cervical spondylosis, there remains a lack of definitive comparative reports regarding its indications, safety, and efficacy. Methods A computerized search was conducted on English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. Additionally, a manual search was meticulously carried out on Chinese medical journals, spanning from the inception of the respective databases until August 2023. The meta-analysis utilized a case–control study approach and was executed through the utilization of RevMan 5.3 software. Stringent quality evaluation and data extraction procedures were implemented to guarantee the reliability and validity of the findings. Results Nine high-quality studies with 808 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that the operation time (MD = − 13.28; 95% CI (− 17.53, − 9.04), P

Abstract Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly pathogenic and oncogenic alpha herpesvirus that causes Marek’s disease (MD), which is one of the most important immunosuppressive and rapid-onset neoplastic diseases in poultry. The onset of MD lymphomas and other clinical diseases can be efficiently prevented by vaccination; these vaccines are heralded as the first demonstration of a successful vaccination strategy against a cancer. However, the persistent evolution of epidemic MDV strains towards greater virulence has recently resulted in frequent outbreaks of MD in vaccinated chicken flocks worldwide. Herein, we provide an overall review focusing on the discovery and identification of the strategies by which MDV evades host immunity and attacks the immune system. We have also highlighted the decrease in the immune efficacy of current MD vaccines. The prospects, strategies and new techniques for the development of efficient MD vaccines, together with the possibilities of antiviral therapy in MD, are also discussed.

Abstract Background Bracts are important for ornamental plants, and their developmental regulation process is complex; however, relatively little research has been conducted on bracts. In this study, physiological, biochemical and morphological changes in Bougainvillea glabra leaves, leaf buds and bracts during seven developmental periods were systematically investigated. Moreover, transcriptomic data of B. glabra bracts were obtained using PacBio and Illumina sequencing technologies, and key genes regulating their development were screened. Results Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bracts develop via a process involving regression of hairs and a color change from green to white. Transcriptome sequencing revealed 79,130,973 bp of transcript sequences and 45,788 transcripts. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 50 expression patterns across seven developmental periods, with significant variability in transcription factors such as BgAP1, BgFULL, BgCMB1, BgSPL16, BgSPL8, BgDEFA, BgEIL1, and BgBH305. KEGG and GO analyses of growth and development showed the involvement of chlorophyll metabolism and hormone-related metabolic pathways. The chlorophyll metabolism genes included BgPORA, BgSGR, BgPPH, BgPAO and BgRCCR. The growth hormone and abscisic acid signaling pathways involved 44 and 23 homologous genes, and coexpression network analyses revealed that the screened genes BgAPRR5 and BgEXLA1 are involved in the regulation of bract development. Conclusions These findings improve the understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant bract development and provide important guidance for the molecular regulation and genetic improvement of the growth and development of ornamental plants, mainly ornamental bracts.

Abstract The permanent magnet eddy‐current coupler (PMEC) is a kind of non‐contact, stepless speed regulation device and has been widely used in transmissions. However, the current PMECs are coaxial and cannot achieve transmission and speed regulation in intersecting axes. An intersecting‐axis permanent magnet (PM) eddy current coupler (IPMEC), which consists of a disk‐type PM rotor and a barrel‐type conductive sheet (CS) rotor arranged with intersecting axes, is proposed. It generates eddy currents through the speed difference between the two rotors and uses the non‐contact electromagnetic force between the eddy currents and permanent magnets to transmit torque. During operation, the speed can be adjusted by altering the coupling area or air gap. A theoretical model of the IPMEC based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method is presented and verified by finite element simulation using ANSYS. Then, the effects of the pole number of the PMs, the radius of the CS rotor and the PM rotor on the performance were analysed, and the design method of the IPMEC was proposed. This study can be used to expand the application range of PMECs.

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology facilitates the creation of complex structures, where the printing path significantly impacts thermal distribution, subsequently influencing stress distribution and structural deformation. The primary challenge in path planning is to determine a printing turn angle that ensures uniform thermal distribution, thereby minimizing structural deformation while maintaining printing efficiency. To address this issue, we propose a composite function, which comprehensively characterizes the effects of the printing turn angle and the length of the printing path on the printing results. Combining a specific cubic porous structure, we calculate the maximum (Pmax) and minimum (Pmin) values of the composite function P, and compare the structural deformation and stress of the Pmax and Pmin paths with those of the typical Pzigzag path. Finite element method (FEM) simulation and experimental validation show that the Pmax path achieves significantly lower structural deformation and residual stress compared to the Pzigzag path and Pmin path.

Abstract Doping narrow‐gap semiconductors is a well‐established approach for designing efficient thermoelectric materials. Semiconducting half‐Heusler (HH) and full‐Heusler (FH) compounds have garnered significant interest within the thermoelectric field, yet the number of exceptional candidates remains relatively small. It is recently shown that the vacancy‐filling approach is a viable strategy for expanding the Heusler family. Here, a range of near‐semiconducting Heuslers, TiFexCuySb, creating a composition continuum that adheres to the Slater‐Pauling electron counting rule are theoretically designed and experimentally synthesized. The stochastic and incomplete occupation of vacancy sites within these materials imparts continuously changing electrical conductivities, ranging from a good semiconductor with low carrier concentration in the endpoint TiFe0.67Cu0.33Sb to a heavily doped p‐type semiconductor with a stoichiometry of TiFe1.00Cu0.20Sb. The optimal thermoelectric performance is experimentally observed in the intermediate compound TiFe0.80Cu0.28Sb, achieving a peak figure of merit of 0.87 at 923 K. These findings demonstrate that vacancy‐filling Heusler compounds offer substantial opportunities for developing advanced thermoelectric materials.

BackgroundPost-stroke depression (PSD) is a prevalent psychiatric complication among stroke survivors. The PSD researches focus on pathogenesis, new treatment methods and efficacy prediction. This study explored the electroencephalography (EEG) microstates in PSD and assessed their changes after acupuncture treatment, aiming to find the biological characteristics and the predictors of treatment efficacy of PSD.MethodsA 64-channel resting EEG data was collected from 70 PSD patients (PSD group) and 40 healthy controls (HC group) to explore the neuro-electrophysiological mechanism of PSD. The PSD patients received 6 weeks of acupuncture treatment. EEG data was collected from 60 PSD patients after acupuncture treatment (MA group) to verify whether acupuncture had a modulating effect on abnormal EEG microstates. Finally, the MA group was divided into two groups: the remission prediction group (RP group) and the non-remission prediction group (NRP group) according to the 24-Item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) reduction rate. A prediction model for acupuncture treatment was established by baseline EEG microstates.ResultsThe duration of microstate D along with the occurrence and contribution of microstate C were reduced in PSD patients. Acupuncture treatment partially normalized abnormal EEG microstates in PSD patients. Baseline EEG microstates predicted the efficacy of acupuncture treatment with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.964.ConclusionThis study provides a novel viewpoint on the neurophysiological mechanisms of PSD and emphasizes the potential of EEG microstates as a functional biomarker. Additionally, we anticipated the therapeutic outcomes of acupuncture by analyzing the baseline microstates, which holds significant practical implication for the PSD treatment.

Abstract The low‐energy electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has garnered significant attention as a viable alternative to traditional industrial routes, with the goal of achieving carbon neutrality. For their H2O2 selectivity in the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the coordination environment of tungsten (W)‐based materials is critical. In this study, atomically dispersed W single atoms were immobilized on N‐doped carbon substrates by a facile pyrolysis method to obtain a W single‐atom catalyst (W‐SAC). The coordination environment of an isolated W single atom with a tetra‐coordinated porphyrin‐like structure in W‐SAC was determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis. Notably, the as‐prepared W‐SAC showed superior two‐electron ORR activity in 0.1 M KOH solution, including high onset potential (0.89 V), high H2O2 selectivity (82.5%), and excellent stability. By using differential phase contrast‐scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that the charge symmetry‐breaking of W atoms changes the adsorption behavior of the intermediates, leading to enhanced reactivity and selectivity for two‐electron ORR. This work broadens the avenue for understanding the charge transfer of W‐based electrocatalytic materials and the in‐depth reaction mechanism of SACs in two‐electron ORR.

Abstract In treating infectious diseases, achieving selective bacterial inhibition is crucial for preserving the microecological equilibrium. The current approaches predominantly rely on synthetic materials tailored to specific bacteria, considering their cell walls or oxygen requirements. Herein, inspired by intricate bacterial communication, a natural implant is proposed coating utilizing bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), essential components in bacterial signaling, integrated onto diverse implant surfaces through a universal poly (tannic acid) bridging layer. This coating is homogenous and stable, unexpectedly promoting the proliferation of parental bacteria while inhibiting heterologous bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Through high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the selective bacteriostatic ability arises from OMVs, upregulating anti‐oxidative stress genes in heterologous bacteria and activating biofilm‐related genes in parental bacteria. This study positions OMVs as an appealing biomaterial for selective bacterial inhibition through a biological approach, showcasing their potential in regulating the microecological balance through a natural interface modification strategy.

Abstract Zintl phases typically exhibit low lattice thermal conductivity, which are extensively investigated as promising thermoelectric candidates. While the significance of Zintl anionic frameworks in electronic transport properties is widely recognized, their roles in thermal transport properties have often been overlooked. This study delves into KCdSb as a representative case, where the [CdSb4/4]− tetrahedrons not only impact charge transfer but also phonon transport. The phonon velocity and mean free path, are heavily influenced by the bonding distance and strength of the Zintl anions Cd and Sb, considering the three acoustic branches arising from their vibrations. Furthermore, the weakly bound Zintl cation K exhibits localized vibration behaviors, resulting in strong coupling between the high‐lying acoustic branch and the low‐lying optical branch, further impeding phonon diffusion. The calculations reveal that grain boundaries also contribute to the low lattice thermal conductivity of KCdSb through medium‐frequency phonon scattering. These combined factors create a glass‐like thermal transport behavior, which is advantageous for improving the thermoelectric merit of zT. Notably, a maximum zT of 0.6 is achieved for K0.84Na0.16CdSb at 712 K. The study offers both intrinsic and extrinsic strategies for developing high‐efficiency thermoelectric Zintl materials with extremely low lattice thermal conductivity.

BackgroundGrass coverage (GC) under no-tillage systems in orchards signifcantly infuences underground carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration, primarily through promoting mineral nutrient utilization by rhizospheric microorganisms. However, the comprehensive impact of GC on microbial communities and plant responses using soil metabolomics remains inadequately recognized.MethodsWe investigated two rhizosphere types established since 2002: bristlegrass (Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.) coverage (SC) and clean cultivation (CC) to assess their efects on soil parameters, enzyme activities, and key pear agronomic traits, including yield (single fruit weight (SFW)) and qualities (soluble solids content (SSC), and total soluble sugar (TSS)). We combined microbiological analysis (16S rRNA sequencing) and non-targeted metabolomics (UPLC-MS/MS and GC–MS) to explore how microbial communities infuence fruit agronomic traits and soil nutrient dynamics in pear orchards under SC conditions.ResultsOur fndings indicate that SC signifcantly enhances soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), the C:N ratio, and available nitrogen (AN). Moreover, SC leads to pronounced increases in soil enzyme activities involved in the C cycle and storage, including soil sucrase, β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase and cellulase. Microbiome analysis revealed substantial diferences in microbial community composition and diversity indices between SC and CC rhizosphere soils within the 0–40 cm depth. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant alterations in metabolite profiles across both the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers under SC conditions. The identifed metabolites primarily involve sugar and amino acid-related metabolic pathways, refecting perturbations in C and N metabolism consistent with shifts in bacterial community structure. Several plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) taxa (e.g., Haliangium, Bacteroides, mle1-7, Subgroup_22, Ellin6067, MND1, Flavobacterium, and Cellvibrio) were enriched under SC, associated with metabolites such as sucrose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid, rhamnose, UDP-GlcNAc and D-maltose. These fndings suggest their roles in promoting C and N sequestration processes through sucrose synthesis and glycolytic pathways in the soil, which was signifcantly correlated with the formation of agronomic traits such as fruit yield, SFW SSC and TSS (p

A case of Eimonosis orientalis was reported in a 52-year-old male farmer who presented with cough, phlegm, fever, headache, and nausea for more than 4 days. Haemophilic cells and fungal spores were identified in the bone marrow smear and confirmed as Aemon orientalis by culture. The same bacteria were also isolated from blood cultures

Abstract Background This study analyzes the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS), cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs), and mortality in individuals with CMRFs. Methods Data were chosen from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were implemented to explore the relationship between OBS and the risk of CMRFs. Then, Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate the impact of OBS on mortality in individuals with CMRFs. Results Following multivariate adjustment, the subjects in the highest quartile exhibited a 46% reduction in the risk of CMRFs, a 33% reduction in the risk of diabetes, a 31% reduction in the risk of hypertension, and a 36% reduction in the risk of hyperlipidemia, compared with those in the lowest quartile. Furthermore, each 1-unit increase in OBS was remarkably negatively correlated with the prevalence of CMRFs, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The correlation between OBS and CMFRs was found to be mediated by serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and white blood cells (WBC), and the mediation effect of GGT levels and WBC, accounting for 6.90% and 11.51%, respectively. Lastly, the multivariate Cox regression model revealed that elevated OBS, irrespective of whether it was treated as a categorical or continuous variable, exhibited a significant association with decreased mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Conclusions An increased OBS might reflect a lower risk of CMRFs and a favorable prognosis for individuals with CMRFs. Moreover, WBC and GGT may play a potential mediating role between OBS and CMRFs.

Abstract Bolt looseness detection is a common problem in engineering. Most vision-based detection techniques focus on diagnosing ordinary bolt looseness, i.e., the methods used for diagnosis are based only on the sidelines of nuts. These methods cannot be used for anti-loosening bolt looseness diagnosis because of the simultaneous rotation of screws and nuts. Therefore, a novel anti-loosening bolt looseness diagnosis method based on a vision-based technique is proposed in this paper. First, a regular hexagonal cap was installed on the screw, which can be used as a reference for the nut. Then, to automatically distinguish the hexagonal borders of the screw cap and nut, a new hexagonal border reconstruction algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, the relative rotation angles of the screw cap and nut hexagons can be determined using the sidelines of the reconstructed hexagonal borders of the screw cap and nut. Finally, a novel anti-loosening bolt looseness diagnosis method is established by using the relative rotation angle of the regular hexagonal borders of the screw cap and nut under initial status and loose status. A prototype flange node of the transmission tower was used for experimental verification. The results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the loosening angle of anti-loosening bolts.

Osteosarcoma, a prevalent primary malignant bone tumor, often presents with lung metastases, severely impacting patient survival rates. Extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play a pivotal role in the formation and progression of osteosarcoma-related pulmonary lesions. However, the communication between primary osteosarcoma and exosome-mediated pulmonary lesions remains obscure, with the potential impact of pulmonary metastatic foci on osteosarcoma progression largely unknown. This study unveils an innovative mechanism by which exosomes originating from osteosarcoma pulmonary metastatic sites transport the miR-194/215 cluster to the primary tumor site. This transportation enhances lung metastatic capability by downregulating myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) expression. Addressing this phenomenon, in this study we employ cationic bovine serum albumin (CBSA) to form nanoparticles (CBSA-anta-194/215) via electrostatic interaction with antagomir-miR-194/215. These nanoparticles are loaded into nucleic acid-depleted exosomal membrane vesicles (anta-194/215@Exo) targeting osteosarcoma lung metastatic sites. Intervention with bioengineered exosome mimetics (anta-194/215@Exo) not only impedes osteosarcoma progression but also significantly prolongs the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice. These findings suggest that pulmonary metastatic foci-derived exosomes initiate primary osteosarcoma lung metastasis by transferring the miR-194/215 cluster targeting MARCKS, making the miR-194/215 cluster a promising therapeutic target for inhibiting the progression of patients with osteosarcoma lung metastases.

Objective Lumbar degenerative diseases (LDDs) with huge herniation in the left lateral recess or central canal present challenges for oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) or endoscope‐assisted OLIF procedures. Currently, minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS‐TLIF) is the primary approach for this issue. This study aims to provide a standardized technical description of the anterior lumbar discectomy and fusion (ALDF) and evaluate the medium‐term clinical effectiveness of both ALDF and MIS‐TLIF techniques. Methods A retrospective review was performed on LDDs who underwent ALDF and MIS‐TLIF surgery from January 2018 to January 2020. The evaluation encompassed various clinical outcomes, such as the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for back pain and leg pain (VAS‐back, VAS‐leg), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), the 36‐item short‐form health survey mental component summary (SF‐36 MCS), and the physical component summary (SF‐36 PCS). Additionally, radiological parameters, including disc height (DH), segmental disk angle (SDA), lumbar lordosis (LL), and cross‐sectional area (CSA), were assessed. Data including radiculopathy, estimated blood loss, operation time, time of getting out of bed, fusion rate, and complications were recorded. Student's independent samples t test and Pearson's chi‐square test were used to compare the differences between groups. Results In total, 47 patients were treated by ALDF and 48 patients were treated by MIS‐TLIF. The ALDF group exhibited statistically significant lower estimated blood loss and earlier time of getting out of bed compared to the MIS‐TLIF group (p 0.05). Conclusion The ALDF could be considered as a viable surgical alternative for the treatment of LDDs that necessitate ventral neural direct decompression. ALDF exhibited favorable medium‐term outcomes in patients with LDDs, displaying advantages in facilitating expedited recovery, enhancing radiographic outcomes, and elevating the remission rate of low back pain. Although ALDF presents slightly higher complication rates compared to MIS‐TLIF, it does not adversely affect clinical outcomes.

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stands as the breast cancer subtype with the highest recurrence and mortality rates, with the lungs being the common site of metastasis. The pulmonary microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the colonization of disseminated tumor cells. Herein, this study highlights the crucial role of exosomal LAP-TGF-β1, the principal form of exosomal TGF-β1, in reshaping the pulmonary vascular niche, thereby facilitating TNBC lung metastasis. Although various strategies have been developed to block TGF-β signaling and have advanced clinically, their significant side effects have limited their therapeutic application. This study demonstrates that in lung metastatic sites, LAP-TGF-β1 within exosomes can remarkably reconfigure the pulmonary vascular niche at lower doses, bolstering the extravasation and colonization of TNBC cells in the lungs. Mechanistically, under the aegis of the acetyltransferase TIP60, a non-canonical KFERQ-like sequence in LAP-TGF-β1 undergoes acetylation at the K304 site, promoting its interaction with HSP90A and subsequent transport into exosomes. Concurrent inhibition of both HSP90A and TIP60 significantly diminishes the exosomal burden of LAP-TGF-β1, presenting a promising therapeutic avenue for TNBC lung metastasis. This study not only offers fresh insights into the molecular underpinnings of TNBC lung metastasis but also lays a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies.

Abstract Background Pathologic variants in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2) gene cause a pulmonary arterial hypertension phenotype in an autosomal-dominant pattern with incomplete penetrance. Straight back syndrome is one of the causes of pseudo-heart diseases. To date, no cases of idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension with straight back syndrome have been reported. Case presentation A 30-year-old female was diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension by right heart catheterization. Computed tomography revealed a decreased anteroposterior thoracic space with heart compression, indicating a straight back syndrome. Genetic analysis by whole exome sequencing identified a novel c.2423_2424delGT (p.G808Gfs*4) germline frameshift variant within BMPR2 affecting the cytoplasmic tail domain. Conclusions This is the first report of different straight back characteristics in heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension with a novel germline BMPR2 variant. This finding may provide a new perspective on the variable penetrance of the pulmonary arterial hypertension phenotype.

To overcome the high‐risk complications and poor alignment of acetabular components in obese patients associated with direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA), we innovated an endoscopic arthroplasty via mini‐open direct anterior approach technique (Endo‐DAA). The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes in obese patients subjected to THA between Endo‐DAA, Bikini DAA, and conventional DAA. In this retrospective controlled study, a total of 360 consecutive primary THA on obese patients (body mass index greater than 28 kg/m2) via Endo‐DAA, Bikini DAA, and conventional DAA performed from October 2017 to October 2022 by different surgeons and in a single center were included. Assessments including perioperative parameters, clinical outcomes, complications, and radiologic measurements were retrieved from patients before the surgery, perioperative period and the latest follow‐up. A total of 360 consecutive THA (Endo‐DAA = 108, Bikini DAA = 116, Conventional DAA = 136) with complete follow‐up data were analyzed. Compared to Bikini DAA or conventional DAA, Endo‐DAA significantly shortened the length of incision (5.46 ± 0.53), the duration of operation (64.47 ± 12.38), and postoperative hospital stay (2.15 ± 0.89). Endo‐DAA significantly reduces wound related complications compared with conventional DAA. Besides, Endo‐DAA achieved a significantly better alignment of acetabular components compared to Bikini DAA or conventional DAA. Furthermore, Endo‐DAA improved postoperative pain at the activity at 24 h postoperatively and early functional scores. The Endo‐DAA THA technique provides better short‐term clinical and radiographic results in obese patients with a low rate of postoperative complications compared to Bikini DAA or conventional DAA.

Abstract Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in patients with lower extremity fractures. Once it occurs, it will seriously affect the quality of life and postoperative recovery of patients. Therefore, early prediction and prevention of DVT can effectively improve the prognosis of patients. This study constructed different machine learning models to explore their effectiveness in predicting DVT. Five prediction models were applied to the study, including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model, Logistic Regression (LR) model, RandomForest (RF) model, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. Afterwards, the performance of the obtained prediction models was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and Kappa. The prediction performances of the models based on machine learning are as follows: XGBoost model (AUC = 0.979, accuracy = 0.931), LR model (AUC = 0.821, accuracy = 0.758), RF model (AUC = 0.970, accuracy = 0.921), MLP model (AUC = 0.830, accuracy = 0.756), SVM model (AUC = 0.713, accuracy = 0.661). On our data set, the XGBoost model has the best performance. However, the model still needs external verification research before clinical application.

Abstract Seawater electrolysis offers a renewable, scalable, and economic means for green hydrogen production. However, anode corrosion by Cl- pose great challenges for its commercialization. Herein, different from conventional catalysts designed to repel Cl- adsorption, we develop an atomic Ir catalyst on cobalt iron layered double hydroxide (Ir/CoFe-LDH) to tailor Cl- adsorption and modulate the electronic structure of the Ir active center, thereby establishing a unique Ir-OH/Cl coordination for alkaline seawater electrolysis. Operando characterizations and theoretical calculations unveil the pivotal role of this coordination state to lower OER activation energy by a factor of 1.93. The Ir/CoFe-LDH exhibits a remarkable oxygen evolution reaction activity (202 mV overpotential and TOF = 7.46 O2 s−1) in 6 M NaOH+2.8 M NaCl, superior over Cl--free 6 M NaOH electrolyte (236 mV overpotential and TOF = 1.05 O2 s−1), with 100% catalytic selectivity and stability at high current densities (400-800 mA cm−2) for more than 1,000 h.

Key Clinical Message Successful treatment by miniscrew‐assisted rapid expansion and clinical aligner therapy for an adult diagnosed with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) by clinical examinations and Yonsei transverse analysis. Abstract Adult orthodontic diagnosis and treatment with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) is challenging. Miniscrew‐assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) is a fast and low‐risk method to expand the width of maxillary basal bone. This case report describes a 23‐year‐old female with mandible deviation and bilateral posterior teeth crossbite. She was diagnosed as MTD by the clinical examinations and Yonsei transverse analysis, and treated by the MARPE and clinical aligner therapy. After 26 months' treatment, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images showed that the width of maxillary basal bone increased by 3.8 mm, that of zygomatic arch and nasal bone increased by 1.0 and 1.9 mm, respectively, and the bilateral posterior teeth crossbite was corrected. Furthermore, the dental midline of lower arch was consistent with that of upper arch and face, the molars arrived Angle Class II and canines was Class I relationships, the profile was maintained, the facial asymmetry was improved. The results of seventeen‐month follow‐up showed that the effect of orthodontic treatment is very stable. This case report demonstrates that MARPE is the effective approach for patients with MTD and facial asymmetry, which provide the alternative for the treatment of similar cases.

Abstract The unique physical tumor microenvironment (TME) and aberrant immune metabolic status are two obstacles that must be overcome in cancer immunotherapy to improve clinical outcomes. Here, an in situ mechano‐immunometabolic therapy involving the injection of a biomimetic hydrogel is presented with sequential release of the anti‐fibrotic agent pirfenidone, which softens the stiff extracellular matrix, and small interfering RNA IDO1, which disrupts kynurenine‐mediated immunosuppressive metabolic pathways, together with the multi‐kinase inhibitor sorafenib, which induces immunogenic cell death. This combination synergistically augmented tumor immunogenicity and induced anti‐tumor immunity. In mouse models of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, a single‐dose peritumoral injection of a biomimetic hydrogel facilitated the perioperative TME toward a more immunostimulatory landscape, which prevented tumor relapse post‐surgery and prolonged mouse survival. Additionally, the systemic anti‐tumor surveillance effect induced by local treatment decreased lung metastasis by inhibiting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition conversion. The versatile localized mechano‐immunometabolic therapy can serve as a universal strategy for conferring efficient tumoricidal immunity in “cold” tumor postoperative interventions.

BackgroundAlthough percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is recommended by guidelines, data from the real world suggest that elderly non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients have a low rate of PCI and a high death rate. Lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), a novel inflammatory marker, has been shown to be associated with prognosis in a variety of diseases. However, the relationship between LCR and in-hospital cardiac death in elderly NSTEMI patients is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LCR on in-hospital cardiac death in elderly NSTEMI patients without PCI therapy.MethodsThis was a single-center retrospective observational study, consecutively enrolled elderly (≥75 years) patients diagnosed with NSTEMI and without PCI from February 2019 to February 2024. LCR was defined as lymphocyte count to C-reactive protein ratio. The endpoint of observation was in-hospital cardiac death. The predictive efficacy of the old and new models was evaluated by the net reclassification index (NRI) and the integrated discriminant improvement index (IDI).ResultsA total of 506 patients were enrolled in this study, and in-hospital cardiac death occurred in 54 patients (10.7%). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that left ventricular ejection fraction, LCR, Killip ≥2, and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide proteins (NT-proBNP) were associated with the occurrence of in-hospital cardiac death. After adjusting for potential confounders, the results showed that NT-proBNP (OR = 1.695, 95% CI: 1.238–2.322) and LCR (OR = 0.262, 95% CI: 0.072–0.959) were independent risk factors for in-hospital cardiac death. After the addition of LCR to NT-proBNP, the predictive ability of the new model for in-hospital cardiac death was significantly improved (NRI = 0.278, P = 0.030; IDI = 0.017, P

Abstract Reconfigurable metasurfaces have exhibited significant potential in wireless communication owing to their capacity to transmit information without relying on traditional complex radio frequency (RF) chain transmitters. Nonetheless, the majority of metasurface‐based wireless communication systems modulate signals only in the time domain. Here, an amplitude‐phase reconfigurable metasurface is proposed to establish a wireless communication system that can simultaneously transmit different messages to users by encoding digital signals within the spatial domain. By changing the bias voltages of varactors integrated in the meta‐atom, the reconfigurable metasurface can achieve independent 3‐bit phase and 1‐bit amplitude coding. Through a beamforming methodology, the proposed metasurface generates diverse scattering beams with suppressed sidelobe levels, which not only enables multiple channels through space coding but also reduces signal leakage in undesired directions. Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the beamforming scheme, and a dual‐channel wireless communication system is established. The results show that two distinct images can be simultaneously retrieved by two separate users, which demonstrates the dual‐channel transmission capability of the wireless communication system. The proposed strategy opens up an avenue for implementing multi‐channel wireless communication systems, which indicates its great potential in multiple‐user collaborative wireless communication and radar systems.

Abstract Commencing with the breakdown of the diabetic osteoimmune microenvironment, multiple pathogenic factors, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, hypoxia, and deleterious cytokines, are conjointly involved in the progression of diabetic periodontal bone regeneration. Based on the challenge of periodontal bone regeneration treatment and the absence of real‐time feedback of blood oxygen fluctuation in diabetes mellitus, a novel self‐adaptive hyperthermia supramolecular cascade nano‐reactor ACFDG is constructed via one‐step supramolecular self‐assembly strategy to address multiple factors in diabetic periodontal bone regeneration. Hyperthermia supramolecular ACFDG possesses high photothermal conversion efficiency (32.1%), and it can effectively inhibit the vicious cycle of ROS‐inflammatory cascade through catalytic cascade reactions, up‐regulate the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, which promotes periodontal bone regeneration. Remarkably, ACFDG can provide real‐time non‐invasive diagnosis of blood oxygen changes during periodontal bone regeneration through photoacoustic (PA) imaging, thus can timely monitor periodontal hypoxia status. In conclusion, this multifunctional supramolecular nano‐reactor combined with PA imaging for real‐time efficacy monitoring provides important insights into the biological mechanisms of diabetic periodontal bone regeneration and potential clinical theranostics.

Understanding the differences in genetic variation between local Chinese dairy goat breeds and imported breeds can help germplasm innovation and molecular breeding. However, the research is limited in this area. In this study, whole-genome resequencing data from 134 individuals of both local and imported dairy goat breeds were analyzed, and their differences in genomic genetic variation, genetic diversity, and population structure were subsequently identified. We also screened candidate genes associated with important traits of dairy goats such as milk production (STK3, GHR, PRELID3B), reproduction (ATP5E), growth and development (CTSZ, GHR), and immune function (CTSZ, NELFCD). Furthermore, we examined allele frequency distributions for the genes of interest and found significant differences between the two populations. This study provides valuable resources for the study of genetic diversity in dairy goats and lays the foundation for the selective breeding of dairy goats in the future.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an important public health therapeutic agent widely used in the prevention and treatment of malaria and autoimmune diseases, with some antiviral effects, as well as a common autophagy inhibitor. Its autophagy-inhibiting effect attracts great research interest in mammals but is still little studied in fish. We even have no idea about the effects of HCQ on different tissues of fish and what concentrations should be used for safety studies. This study investigated the effect of different concentration of HCQ treatments on the survival, tissue structure, and expressions of genes related to autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation in the gill, spleen, testis, and ovary of Sebastiscus marmoratus. The results showed that the higher HCQ concentration (77.40 and 154.80 mg/mL) led to mass mortality within an hour. The half-lethal concentration (LC50, 24 h) of HCQ for S. marmoratus was approximately 48.95 mg/mL. When exposed to 30.96 mg/mL HCQ for 24 hours, autophagy was blocked as revealed by electron microscopy from gill, spleen and testis of fish. The expressions of autophagy-related genes (LC3/Cx43), apoptosis-related genes (Cas3/p53), and inflammation-related genes (TNF-α/IL8) exhibited tissue-specific and dose-dependent responses. The gonads showed preferential expression of all these genes and were found to be sensitive and regular after HCQ treatment. For example, at a concentration of 30.96 mg/mL, the testis demonstrated a regularity that suggests it is an ideal candidate tissue for studying the role of HCQ or autophagy. This study systematically revealed the response of S. marmoratus to different concentrations of HCQ and provided optional assay concentrations for key tissues, serving as an important reference for the future studies on HCQ and autophagy in S. marmoratus. Furthermore, the potential crosstalk between autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory pathways initially identified in this study could be helpful for the future research on autophagy regulation in marine fish.

Abstract Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of bladder cancer (BLCA) contributes to therapy resistance and immune evasion affecting clinical prognosis. The molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to BLCA ITH generation remain elusive. It is found that a TM4SF1‐positive cancer subpopulation (TPCS) can generate ITH in BLCA, evidenced by integrative single cell atlas analysis. Extensive profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome of all stages of BLCA revealed their evolutionary trajectories. Distinct ancestor cells gave rise to low‐grade noninvasive and high‐grade invasive BLCA. Epigenome reprograming led to transcriptional heterogeneity in BLCA. During early oncogenesis, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition generated TPCS. TPCS has stem‐cell‐like properties and exhibited transcriptional plasticity, priming the development of transcriptionally heterogeneous descendent cell lineages. Moreover, TPCS prevalence in tumor is associated with advanced stage cancer and poor prognosis. The results of this study suggested that bladder cancer interacts with its environment by acquiring a stem cell‐like epigenomic landscape, which might generate ITH without additional genetic diversification.

Abstract Polyimides externally deployed in spacecraft or satellites extensively have various aerospace hazards, including atomic oxygen (AO) erosion, irradiation degradation, and electrostatic charge/discharge (ESC/ESD). To cope with these challenges, we fabricate a ZnO/CuNi‐polyimide composite film with augmented permanence. Using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, we have shown that the combination of chelation and cross‐linking in the interfacial architecture leads to enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical robustness. Besides, due to the positive AO diffusion barrier ability of the wurtzite ZnO, our composite film shows remarkable AO resistance and a very small Ey value of 6.88 × 10−26 cm3/atom, which is merely 2.29% of that of pristine polyimide. Moreover, the well‐defined nanocrystalline state with minimal lattice swelling (0.3%–0.7%) of the Fe+‐irradiated ZnO/CuNi‐polyimide at a damaging dose of 353.4 dpa demonstrates its excellent irradiation resistance. Finally, the ZnO/CuNi‐polyimide also shows sufficient electrostatic dissipation capacity to cope with the ESC/ESD events. Our fabrication approach for composite films based on multi‐technology integration shows potential for aerospace applications and deployment.

Objectives: The lymphotactin receptor X–C motif chemokine receptor 1 (XCR1) is an essential member of the chemokine receptor family and is related to tumor development and progression. Nevertheless, further investigation is required to explore its expression patterns, prognostic values, and functions related to target or immune therapies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods: The differential expression patterns of XCR1 and its prognostic influences were performed through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were performed to validate the prognostic values in different subgroups. Furthermore, the potential roles of XCR1 in predicting target and immune therapeutic responses were also investigated. Results: Increased expression level of XCR1 was associated with favorable overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Subgroup analysis revealed that a high expression level of XCR1 or positive immune cell proportion score (iCPS) were associated with favorable OS in the HCC patients with favorable tumor characteristics. In addition, the enhanced XCR1 expression was associated with the tumor environment scores, immune cell infiltration levels, and the expression levels of immune checkpoint genes. Further analysis revealed that improved expression of XCR1 was linked to better OS and RFS in HCC patients who received sorafenib. Conclusion: This study identified that XCR1 is a valuable prognostic biomarker in the HCC population, especially in those with favorable tumor characteristics. The combination of iCPS status and BCLC status has a synergistic effect on stratifying patients' OS and RFS. Further analyses showed that XCR1 has the potential ability to predict treatment responses to sorafenib and immune-based therapies.

Summary: Background: Endovascular therapy (EVT) was demonstrated effective in acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) with large infarction. Revealing subgroups of patients who would or would not benefit from EVT will further inform patient selection for EVT. Methods: This post-hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial, a randomised controlled trial of 456 adult patients with acute anterior-circulation LVO and large infarction, defined by ASPECTS 3–5 or infarct core volume 70–100 mL, enrolled from 46 centres across China, between October 2, 2020 and May 18, 2022. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receiving EVT and medical management or medical management alone. One patient withdrew consent, 455 patients were included in this post-hoc analysis and categorised into 4 subgroups by lower or higher NIHSS (< or ≥16) and smaller or larger infarct core (< or ≥70 mL). Those with lower NIHSS & smaller core, and higher NIHSS & larger core were considered clinical-radiological matched subgroups; otherwise clinical-radiological mismatched subgroups. Primary outcome was 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). ANGEL-ASPECT is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04551664. Findings: Overall, 139 (30.5%) patients had lower NIHSS & smaller core, 106 (23.3%) higher NIHSS & larger core, 130 (28.6%) higher NIHSS & smaller core, and 80 (17.6%) lower NIHSS & larger core. There was significant ordinal shift in the 90-day mRS toward a better outcome with EVT in clinical-radiological matched subgroups: lower NIHSS & smaller core (generalised OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18–2.62; p = 0.01) and higher NIHSS & larger core (1.64; 1.06–2.54; 0.01); but not in the two clinical-radiological mismatched subgroups. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that in patients with anterior-circulation LVO and large infarction, EVT was associated with improved 90-day functional outcomes in those with matched clinical and radiological severities, but not in those with mismatched clinical and radiological severities. Simultaneous consideration of stroke severity and infarct core volume may inform patient selection for EVT. Funding: Unrestricted grants from industry [Covidien Healthcare International Trading (Shanghai), Johnson & Johnson MedTech, Genesis MedTech (Shanghai), and Shanghai HeartCare Medical Technology].

Amorphous oxide semiconductor-thin film transistors (AOS-TFTs) have attracted considerable attention due to their impressive performance in various applications. However, there is a limited amount of study available on the reliability of AOS-TFTs. This work investigates the endurance and reliability mechanisms of Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) TFTs. The devices underwent a range of test conditions to evaluate their endurance properties. The study utilized Zero-Bias Endurance Tests (ZBET) to examine the fluctuating behaviors of threshold voltage, revealing valuable insights into the causes of electrical instability. The study highlights the crucial importance of electron depletion and restoration dynamics in affecting the reliability of TFTs. Additionally, the study found differences in the performance of IGZO-TFTs and ITO-TFTs, suggesting that the differing features of the materials have a significant impact on the endurance and reliability of TFTs.

Abstract Camellia reticulata Lindl., also known as Yunnan Camellia, is an important ornamental plant in China, especially for its large and stunning flowers. A comprehensive understanding of their coloration mechanisms can aid breeders in developing new cultivars and improving their ornamental value; however, it is still unclear in Yunnan Camellia, especially in mixed-color flowers. In this study, we conducted metabolic and transcriptomic comparison analyses to investigate the coloration differences in three Yunnan Camellia cultivars: C. reticulata ‘Shizitou’ (SZT), C. reticulata ‘Damanao’ (MN), and C. reticulata ‘Tongzimian’ (TZM). Our results revealed that the initial flowering stage may play a critical role in the color change of MN. Metabolome analysis demonstrated that cyanidin was the primary anthocyanin in SZT and MN’s red region, while its content was low in TZM and MN’s white region. According to the transcriptome analysis, the anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway was reconstructed in Yunnan Camellia, and the low expression of CHS was detected in TZM and MN’s white region, while ANR maintained a high expression level, which may lead to the low content of cyanidin in them. Transcription factors MYBs, bHLH, and bZIP may play a key role in regulating anthocyanin-structural genes. The co-expression analysis showed that the meristem tissue may play a crucial role in the formation of the mixed white-red color in MN. Our study enriched the genetic basis of flower coloration differences in Yunnan Camellia which will be a valuable genomic resource to understanding the biology of coloration formation and for breeding the Camellia cultivars.

Abstract Objective To explore the timing of general anesthesia for pediatric patients who have recovered from novel coronavirus infection and summarize anesthesia-related complications. Methods We summarized the perioperative management of children under 14 years of age who underwent general anesthesia in our hospital according to national epidemic prevention and control requirements. We compared the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications within 2 weeks (Group A), 3–4 weeks (Group B), and 5–6 weeks (Group C) after COVID-19 recovery. Results There were differences among the three groups in terms of decreased blood oxygen saturation (

Deep learning models have demonstrated promising results in the early and accurate diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), enabling early detection and informed surgical decision-making. The objective of this review is to summarize the applications of deep learning models on the medical images of ONFH. English papers were searched from CINAHL via EBSCOhost, Embase, IEEE Xplore® Digital Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Sixteen studies (n =16) were eligible for data synthesis. Among these, five studies (n =5) focusing on radiographs, ten studies (n =10) focusing on magnetic resonance imaging, and one study (n =1) focusing on computed tomographic images. The applications of these studies included identifying ONFH from normal or other hip pathologies, classifying severity, segmenting, and detecting femoral head and necrotic regions, predicting signs and symptoms of ONFH, and predicting potential ONFH after fracture fixation. Generally, the models demonstrated good to excellent classification performance and excellent discriminatory power; and generally comparable to that of experienced physicians and superior to that of less experienced physicians. However, the external validity of these studies demonstrated only moderate, as evidenced by the performance on the external testing set and might be attributed to the relatively small data size used during model training. we observed a shift from CNN-based models to U-Net-based models (i.e., with encoder-decoder architecture). In addition to streamlining the segmentation, detection, and classification procedures, future studies will explore multimodal attention, self-supervised learning, explainable models, and data augmentation through generative models.

Abstract Exploring the dynamic structural evolution of electrocatalysts during reactions represents a fundamental objective in the realm of electrocatalytic mechanism research. In pursuit of this objective, we synthesized PhenPtCl2 nanosheets, revealing a N2-Pt-Cl2 coordination structure through various characterization techniques. Remarkably, the electrocatalytic performance of these PhenPtCl2 nanosheets for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) surpasses that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst across the entire pH range. Furthermore, our discovery of the dynamic coordination changes occurring in the N2-Pt-Cl2 active sites during the electrocatalytic process, as clarified through in situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is particularly noteworthy. These changes transition from Phen-Pt-Cl2 to Phen-Pt-Cl and ultimately to Phen-Pt. The Phen-Pt intermediate plays a pivotal role in the electrocatalytic HER, dynamically coordinating with Cl- ions in the electrolyte. Additionally, the unsaturated, two-coordinated Pt within Phen-Pt provides additional space and electrons to enhance both H+ adsorption and H2 evolution. This research illuminates the intricate dynamic coordination evolution and structural adaptability of PhenPtCl2 nanosheets, firmly establishing them as a promising candidate for efficient and tunable electrocatalysts.

Quercetin compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer pharmacological functions. Long-term exposure to acrylamide (AA) can cause liver injury and endanger human health. However, whether quercetin compounds can attenuate AA-induced liver injury and the specific mechanism are not clear. Here, we studied the mechanism and structure-activity relationship of quercetin compounds in reducing AA-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. In vivo studies found that quercetin-like compounds protect against AA-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress levels, activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to attenuate autophagy, and improving mitochondrial apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. In vitro studies found that quercetin compounds protected HepG2 cells from AA by attenuating the activation of AA-induced autophagy, lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by exerting antioxidant effects and thus attenuating oxidative stress, increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and improving apoptosis-related proteins, thus attenuating AA-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the conformational differences between quercetin compounds correlated with their protective capacity against AA-induced hepatotoxicity, with quercetin showing the best protective capacity due to its strongest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, quercetin compounds can protect against AA-induced liver injury through multiple pathways of oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis, and their protective capacity correlates with antioxidant activity.