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Qiu Dong,1 Jialin Deng,2 Tsz Ngai Mok,1 Junyuan Chen,1 Zhengang Zha1 1Center for Bone, Joint and Sports Medicine, The First Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Junyuan Chen; Zhengang ZhaCenter for Bone, Joint and Sports Medicine, The First Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 134 8029 9854; +86 173 6182 0624Email chenjunyuan@jnu.edu.cn; zhazhengang1965@163.comBackground: Bone metastasis (BM) is the most common site of metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We aimed to construct and validate 2 novel nomograms predicting the 3-, 6-, and 12-months overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS).Methods: The clinical data of 7480 patients between 2010 and 2016 were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER). The patients were allocated randomly to training and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify prognostic risk factors and establish 2 nomograms. The prediction accuracy of nomograms was assessed by C-index, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and calibration curves.Results: A total of 244998 NSCLC patients were identified between 2010 and 2016, with 7480 found with BM, accounting for 3.1%. Overall, 7480 patients were enrolled in the OS nomogram construction and were randomized to the training set (n = 5236) and the validation set (n = 2244). Age, sex, race, marital status, histology, grade, primary site, T stage, N stage, liver metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were found to correlate with OS. A total of 7422 samples were included in the CSS nomogram construction, randomly grouped into training set (n = 5195) and the validation set (n = 2227). Age, sex, race, histology, grade, primary site, T stage, N stage, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were associated with CSS. Two nomograms were conducted to predict the 3-, 6-, and 12-months OS and CSS. The ROC curves and exhibited good performance for predicting OS and CSS.Conclusion: We established and validated 2 high-performance nomograms to assist clinical doctors in making personalized treatment decisions.Keywords: lung cancer, metastasis, SEER, prognosis

Air pollution is a serious threat to ancient sites and cultural relicts. In this study, we collected indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples and individual particles at the Exhibition Hall of Jinsha Site Museum in June 2020, and then the chemical components, sources, morphology, and mixing state of the fine particulate matter were analyzed. Our results show that the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations at the Exhibition Hall were 33.3±6.6 and 39.4±11.4 μg m-3, respectively. Although the indoor and outdoor concentrations of OC and EC were close, the proportion of secondary organic carbon in OC outdoor (33%) was higher than that indoor (27%). The PM2.5 was alkaline both indoors and outdoors, and the outdoor alkalinity was stronger than the indoor alkalinity. SNA (SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+) was the dominant component in the water-soluble inorganic ions; Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ were well correlated (R2> 0.9), and Cl- and K+ were also highly correlated (R2> 0.8). Enrichment factor analysis showed that Cu (indoor) and Cd were the main anthropogenic elements and that Cd was heavily enriched. Principal components analysis showed that the main sources of PM2.5 at Jinsha Site Museum were motor vehicles, dust, secondary sources, and combustion sources. The individual particles were classified as organic matter, S-rich, soot, mineral, and fly ash/metal particles, and most of these particles were internally mixed with each other. At last, we proposed pollution control measures to improve the air quality of museums and the preservation of cultural relicts.

Forgetting of fear memory is a current medical therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and hippocampal long-term depression (LTD) may be the underlying mechanism. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a trophic factor, reportedly modulates memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity. Fear memory was assessed using contextual fear conditioning. Electrophysiology was used to measure LTD and GABAergic transmission in the hippocampus. To determine the contribution of hippocampal NRG1 to fear memory forgetting and low-frequency stimulation (LFS)–induced LTD. Administration of NRG1 in the hippocampus accelerated forgetting of contextual fear memories. Furthermore, NRG1 had no effect on low-frequency stimulation–induced LTD in young mice but significantly facilitated the induction of LTD and GABAergic transmission in adult animals. More importantly, NRG1-facilitated LTD induction in adult mice could be blocked by inhibition of GABAA receptors and NMDAR activation. These findings suggest a role for NRG1 in fear memory forgetting and hippocampal LTD, providing a potential target for the development of drug-assisted PTSD therapy.

Dermatitis is a common clinical chronic inflammatory skin disease, which incidence has been on the rise in recent years. It not only seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients but also increase economic burden. Currently, commonly used drugs such as corticosteroids, anti-histamines have certain side effects or are expensive. Therefore, the search for an alternative therapy for dermatitis has important clinical significance. Cortex Dictamni is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for expelling wind and itching, but its mechanism for treating dermatitis is still unclear.Network pharmacological analysis was performed to predict the potential targets and pathways of Cortex Dictamni against dermatitis. Molecular docking was used to assess the binding affinity of active compounds and core targets. By repeatedly stimulating the ears with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB), an atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model was established in order to study the anti-dermatitis effect of Cortex Dictamni. The skin thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse ears were assessed by tissue staining and flow cytometric. The levels of inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the total protein and phosphorylation levels of related pathways were analyzed by western blotting.In this study, 11 active ingredients, 122 Cortex Dictamni and dermatitis intersection targets were identified. The results from Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the core targets were mainly enriched in immune response and inflammatory signaling pathways. AD mice treated with ethanol extract of Cortex Dictamni (ECD) improved the symptoms of ear skin lesions, alleviated epidermis and dermis thickening of the AD mice ears, decreased pathological immune cell infiltration and attenuated the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TLR4, IL-6, IL-17), and inhibited the hyperactivation of the PI3K-Akt, JAK1-STAT3/STAT6 signal pathways.Cortex Dictamni can improve the symptoms of skin lesions and the degree of inflammation caused by AD, and may inhibit AD through multiple pathways, such as regulating PI3K-Akt and JAK1-STAT3/STAT6 pathways. These results not only provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of Cortex Dictamni but also provide some help for the research and development of dermatitis drugs.

Feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) are natural esterification products of ferulic acid and oligosaccharides.In this study, we examined whether FOs contribute to the ensured survival of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and inhibition of neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD).1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice to establish a Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model. FOs (15 and 30 mg/kg) were orally administered daily to the MPTP-treated mice. The rotarod test, balance beam test, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and western blot analyses were performed to examine the neuroprotective effects of FOs on MPTP-treated mice.Our study indicated that FOs increased the survival of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the MPTP-treated mice. The neuroprotective effects of FOs were accompanied by inhibited glial activation and reduced inflammatory cytokine production. The mechanistic experiments revealed that the neuroprotective effects of FOs might be mediated through the activation of the ERK/CREB/BDNF/TrkB signalling pathway.This study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of phytochemicals and may facilitate the development of dietary supplements for PD patients. Our results indicate that FOs can be used as potential modulators for the prevention and treatment of PD.

Background. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Jing-Ning Granules (JNG) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that can alleviate ADHD. Although JNG is commonly used for the effective treatment of ADHD and has obtained the national invention patent, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. Objective. In this study, we examined the effect and mechanism of JNG in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We hypothesized that JNG affects dopaminergic D2/D1-like receptors and related pathways. Materials and Methods. Six rat groups were used in the experiment: Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, control group) and five SHR groups, including a model group; atomoxetine (ATX, positive control) group; and low, medium, and high-dose JNG groups. The corresponding treatments were daily administered to each group for 6 weeks. A behavioral test, including a step-down test and open field test (OFT), was carried out at the end of treatment. After the behavioral test, all animals were sacrificed, and the brain tissue was collected and analyzed ex vivo; histopathological analysis was performed to assess the pathological changes of the hippocampus; expression of D1-like and D2-like receptors, sensor protein calmodulin (CaM), protein kinase A (PKA), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (CaMKII) in the striatum and hippocampus was measured by western blot and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR); cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in the striatum were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the level of Ca2+ in the striatum was analyzed by a calcium kit. Results. Our results showed that ATX or JNG could ameliorate the hyperactive/impulsive behavior and cognitive function of ADHD by promoting neuroprotection. Mechanistically, ATX or JNG could prompt the expressions of Dl-like and D2-like receptors and improve the mRNA and protein levels of cAMP/PKA and Ca2+/CAM/CAMKII signaling pathways. Conclusion. These results indicate that JNG can produce therapeutic effects by regulating the balance of D2/D1-like receptor-mediated cAMP/PKA and Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathways.

Chronic itch is the most prominent feature of atopic dermatitis (AD), and antihistamine treatment is often less effective in reducing clinical pruritus severity in AD. Multiple studies have shown that histamine-independent itch pathway is thought to predominate in AD-induced chronic itch. Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor (Mrgpr) A3

With a growing interest in HCI around food, there is a trend to combine computing technology and food to facilitate novel eating experiences. However, most current systems tend to superimpose the technology over food rather than consider food itself as a focal interaction material. This paper proposes a more direct computational food integration by conceptualizing the notion of “Cyber Food”, accentuating “food as computational artifact”, where food embodies digital computation that can be ultimately consumed and digested by the human body. With this work, we attempt to open a new pathway to enrich human-food interactions beyond the traditional boundaries between the physical (edible) and digital realms.

The HCI community has a rich history of finding new ways to engage people with data beyond the screen. With our work, we aim to expand the scope of how interaction design can engage people, arguing that “eating data” has the potential to allow people to experience “data as delight”. With reference to prior work and our design research findings, we discuss the advantages and the challenges of this approach to integrating data and food. We then identify four themes to guide the design of engagements with data through food: food form, food commensality, food ephemerality, and emotional response to food. Within these design themes, we articulate twelve insights for interaction designers to use when working on serving data as delight.

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) simulators have become widespread tools for training medical students and residents in medical schools. Students using VR simulators are provided with a 3D human model to observe the details by using multiple senses and they can participate in an environment that is similar to reality. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to promote a new approach consisting of a shared and independent study platform for medical orthopedic students, to compare traditional tendon repair training with VR simulation of tendon repair, and to evaluate future applications of VR simulation in the academic medical field. METHODS In this study, 121 participants were randomly allocated to VR or control groups. The participants in the VR group studied the tendon repair technique via the VR simulator, while the control group followed traditional tendon repair teaching methods. The final assessment for the medical students involved performing tendon repair with the “Kessler tendon repair with 2 interrupted tendon repair knots” (KS) method and the “Bunnell tendon repair with figure 8 tendon repair” (BS) method on a synthetic model. The operative performance was evaluated using the global rating scale. RESULTS Of the 121 participants, 117 participants finished the assessment and 4 participants were lost to follow-up. The overall performance (a total score of 35) of the VR group using the KS method and the BS method was significantly higher (PP CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that compared with the traditional tendon repair method, the VR simulator for learning tendon suturing resulted in a significant improvement of the medical students in the time in motion, flow of operation, and knowledge of the procedure. Therefore, VR simulator development in the future would most likely be beneficial for medical education and clinical practice. CLINICALTRIAL Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100046648; http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=90180

Background Virtual reality (VR) simulators have become widespread tools for training medical students and residents in medical schools. Students using VR simulators are provided with a 3D human model to observe the details by using multiple senses and they can participate in an environment that is similar to reality. Objective The aim of this study was to promote a new approach consisting of a shared and independent study platform for medical orthopedic students, to compare traditional tendon repair training with VR simulation of tendon repair, and to evaluate future applications of VR simulation in the academic medical field. Methods In this study, 121 participants were randomly allocated to VR or control groups. The participants in the VR group studied the tendon repair technique via the VR simulator, while the control group followed traditional tendon repair teaching methods. The final assessment for the medical students involved performing tendon repair with the “Kessler tendon repair with 2 interrupted tendon repair knots” (KS) method and the “Bunnell tendon repair with figure 8 tendon repair” (BS) method on a synthetic model. The operative performance was evaluated using the global rating scale. Results Of the 121 participants, 117 participants finished the assessment and 4 participants were lost to follow-up. The overall performance (a total score of 35) of the VR group using the KS method and the BS method was significantly higher (P Conclusions Our study shows that compared with the traditional tendon repair method, the VR simulator for learning tendon suturing resulted in a significant improvement of the medical students in the time in motion, flow of operation, and knowledge of the procedure. Therefore, VR simulator development in the future would most likely be beneficial for medical education and clinical practice. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100046648; http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=90180

Background To determine the clinical and radiological outcomes of full-endoscopic (FE) versus microscopic (MI) lumbar decompression laminectomy in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), we performed a meta-analysis to explore the best choice for patients with LSS requiring surgical relief. Methods Literature searches of the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were performed. The searches covered all indexed studies published between 2008 and 2020, using keywords identifying the patient group (lumbar spine stenosis) and the interventions (fullendoscopic lumbar decompression laminectomy and microscopic lumbar decompression laminectomy). A total of 1,727 patients were included in 10 studies. The primary outcomes of the analysis were visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for leg and back pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score. Results The meta-analysis of the VAS score for low back pain showed that in the first 24 hours postoperatively, participants who underwent FE had better pain control than those who underwent MI [FE: mean difference (MD) =-0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.11, -0.45; MI: MD =-1.53, 95% CI: -1.94, -1.12]. In all subgroup analyses, the VAS score for back pain was lower in the FE group than in the MI group (MD =-0.71, 95% CI: -0.96, -0.47). Regarding the VAS score for leg pain, the FE group had a significantly lower score than the MI group in the first 24 hours (Total: MD =-1.02, 95% CI: -1.31, -0.73). The metaanalysis demonstrated that the FE group had a significantly lower ODI score than the MI group (MD =-1.03, 9% CI: -1.54, -0.51). At 6 months, the MI group had a significantly lower score than the FE group (MD =1.09, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.64), but at 12 months, the FE group had a significantly lower score than the MI group (MD =-2.40, 95% CI: -3.12, -1.67). Conclusions Compared to MI decompression, the FE decompression method resulted in better pain control in the early postoperative period, both in the lower back and legs, as well as shorter operative and shorter hospitalization times.

Magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer (MRC-WPT) enables convenient device-charging. When MIMO MRC-WPT system incorporated with multiple relay components, both relay On-Off state (i.e., power routing) and TX current (i.e., current scheduling) could be adjusted for improving charging efficiency and distance. Previous approaches need the collaboration and feedback from the energy receiver (RX), achieved using side-channels, e.g., Bluetooth, which is time/energy-consuming. In this work we propose, design, and implement a multi-relay MIMO MRC-WPT system, and design an almost optimum joint optimization of power routing and current scheduling method, without relying on any feedback from RX. We carefully decompose the joint optimization problem into two subproblems without affecting the overall optimality of the combined solution. For current scheduling subproblem, we propose an almost-optimum RX-feedback independent solution. For power routing subproblem, we first design a greedy algorithm with $\frac{1}{2}$ approximation ratio, and then design a DQN based method to further improve its effectiveness. We prototype our system and evaluate it with extensive experiments. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. The achieved power transfer efficiency (PTE) on average is 3.2X, 1.43X, 1.34X, and 7.3X over the other four strategies: without relay, with non-adjustable relays, greed based, and shortest-path based ones.

Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing incidence. The externalizing and internalizing problems among children with ASD often persistent and highly impair functioning of both the child and the family. Children with ASD often develop gut-related comorbidities and dysbiosis can have negative effects on not only the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but also psychological symptoms. Dietary exclusions and probiotic supplements also have been investigated in the management of ASD symptoms. Especially, there is some anecdotal evidence that probiotics supplements are able to alleviate GI symptoms as well as improve behaviors in children with ASD. Method and analysis This review will report on overall studies that include randomized control trials, randomized cross-over studies and cluster-randomized trials designs that consider curative effect in children with ASD by probiotic supplements. We will search 6 databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and we will perform a manual search the journal Autism and information of ongoing or unpublished studies. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) will be used to assess quality of articles and the Jadad scale will be used to assess for bias. Assessment of publication bias will be performed using funnel plots generated by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 3.0 software. Clarifying the evidence in this area will be important for future research directions when reformulating and promoting the therapeutic regime in the field. Ethics and dissemination There are no human participants, data, or tissue being directly studied for the purposes of the review; therefore, ethics approval and consent to participate are not applicable. The results of this study will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Registration and status PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019132754.

Transfer learning has attracted great attention in intelligent fault diagnosis of bearings under different working conditions. However, existing studies have the following limitation. (1) The metric of feature distribution discrepancy between different working conditions is not sufficiently domain adaptive. (2) The decision boundaries among different classes are not sufficiently clear in the target domain. To overcome the aforementioned limitations: (1) A fault transfer diagnosis model based on deep convolution Wasserstein adversarial networks(DCWANs) is proposed to handle the first limitation; (2) A variance constraint is developed for the DCWAN-based model to increase the aggregation of extracted features, which enlarges the margins among features of different classes in the source domain and also helps in feature extraction by adaptively aligning features by classes under different working conditions, thus, overcoming the second limitation. Experimental results showed that the proposed model achieves a higher fault diagnosis accuracy than existing models.

Magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer (MRC-WPT) enables convenient device-charging. When MIMO MRC-WPT system incorporated with multiple relay components, both relay On-Off state (i.e., power routing) and TX current (i.e., current scheduling) could be adjusted for improving charging efficiency and distance. Previous approaches need the collaboration and feedback from the energy receiver (RX), achieved using side-channels, e.g., Bluetooth, which is time/energy-consuming. In this work we propose, design, and implement a multi-relay MIMO MRC-WPT system, and design an almost optimum joint optimization of Power ROuting and Current Scheduling method named PROCS, without relying on any feedback from RX. We carefully decompose the joint optimization problem into two subproblems without affecting the overall optimality of the combined solution. For current scheduling subproblem, we propose an almost-optimum RX-feedback independent solution. For power routing subproblem, we first design a greedy algorithm with 1/2 approximation ratio, and then design a DQN based method to further improve its effectiveness. We prototype our system and evaluate it with extensive experiments. Our results show that he achieved power transfer efficiency (PTE) on average is 3.2X, 1.43X, 1.34X, and 7.3X over the other four strategies: without relay, with non-adjustable relays, greed based, and shortest-path based ones.

Prunus salicina L., commonly called Chinese plum or Japanese plum, is a small deciduous tree native to China and widely distributed in the world. Since spring of 2018, an unknown disease has affected commercial plums grown in an orchard located in Dazhou, Sichuan Province, China (31°40′41″N, 107°43′57″E). Disease symptoms in plum trees include water-soaked lesions on immature fruits, brown necrotic spots, and holes with a yellow halo in leaves, as well as dark brown oily cankers on twigs. To isolate the causal agent, surface-disinfested tissues from three separate symptomatic fruits, leaves, and twigs were placed onto nutrient agar (NA) plates and were incubated at 28°C. Pale yellow colonies with smooth margins and mucoid texture appeared after 12 h of incubation. Individual colonies were transferred two times to NA plates using the conventional streak plate techniques to obtain pure cultures. Purified bacteria cells were rod shaped, 1.5 to 3.0 μm long, and 0.5 to 1.0 μm wide. Three isolates (named CdjP1, CdjP2, and CdjP3) were used for further characterization. Biochemical tests using Gram stain, MacConkey agar, and Kovacs’s indole kit (Solarbio, Beijing, China) indicated that the three isolates were gram negative, lactose positive, and indole negative. The 16s rDNA fragment was amplified for the three strains using universal primers 27F and 1492R (Lane 1991) and sequenced (GenBank accession nos. MN542182, MN542183, and MN542184). BLASTn analysis revealed the nearly full-length (about 1,400 bp) 16S rDNA sequences of CdjP1, CdjP2, and CdjP3 shared over 99% identity with Pantoea agglomerans (MH101508) (identities 1,400/1,406, 1,407/1,412, 1,405/1,413), P. vagans (CP038853) (identities 1,397/1,406, 1,403/1,412, 1,402/1,414), and P. ananatis (KC178592) (identities 1,399/1,406, 1,405/1,412, 1,404/1,414), respectively. Multilocus sequence analysis has been shown to be a powerful molecular method for delineation of Pantoea species (Deletoile et al. 2009; Tambong et al. 2014). To identify the species of CdjP1, CdjP2, and CdjP3, six housekeeping genes (fusA, gyrB, leuS, pyrG, rlpB, and rpoB) of each strain were amplified and sequenced (GenBank accession nos. MN549363 to MN549380). Then a phylogenetic tree was constructed using Bayes inference methods based on fusA-gyrB-leuS-pyrG-rlpB-rpoB concatenated fragments (2,997 bp), which showed that CdjP1, CdjP2, and CdjP3 are most closely related to P. agglomerans. To fulfill Koch’s postulates, pathogenicity tests were conducted on 3-year-old plum trees (cv. Qinba) grown in Sichuan Province, China (31°40′53″N, 107°44′2″E). Immature plum fruits, leaves, and twigs were wounded with a sterile toothpick and were inoculated with 20 µl of bacterial suspension (10⁸ CFU/ml) of each isolate. Plants inoculated with sterile water were used as a control. All treatments and the control were repeated three times. The trees were then grown under natural conditions (monthly mean maximum temperature 32°C, monthly mean minimum temperature 23°C). After 2 weeks, all test-isolate-inoculated plum fruits, leaves, and twigs developed symptoms similar to those of the natural infections observed. No lesions were observed on the controls. Bacteria reisolated from the infected plum fruits, leaves, and twigs were similar in colony appearance to the original isolates, and the 16s rDNA fragments were identical to their original isolate sequences, thereby fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Based on colony morphology, biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, and phylogenetic analysis, the pathogen was identified as P. agglomerans. In China, P. agglomerans has been reported to infect cotton, walnut, Vigna angularis, and Ziziphus jujuba (Lu et al. 2015; Ren et al. 2008; She et al. 2019; Yang et al. 2011). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. agglomerans causing bacterial necrosis of plum in China or worldwide. This report expands the host range of P. agglomerans and will help to develop effective disease control strategies, as the etiology is known.