Search

High-purity metal sputtering target is one of the key basic materials for integrated circuits. Self-dependence of the sputtering targets is vital for the high-quality development of the integrated circuit industry in China. This study analyzes the application demand for and development status of high-purity metal sputtering targets for integrated circuits, involving high-purity aluminum and aluminum alloys, high-purity copper and copper alloys, high-purity titanium, high-purity tantalum, high-purity cobalt, high-purity nickel platinum, and high-purity tungsten and tungsten alloys. Moreover, it summarizes the challenges regarding the key manufacturing technologies and engineering application of high-performance sputtering targets in China and proposes several major development directions based on the development goals of the field by 2030. Specifically, China needs to improve its material processing technologies, focus on the key technologies for high-performance target processing, develop high-end new materials according to frontier demands, and improve the capabilities of material analysis, testing, and application evaluation. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: establishing an industry-education-research-application system, realizing the domestic manufacturing of key equipment, strengthening talent team construction, establishing an independent intellectual property system, and expanding international exchange and cooperation,thereby promoting the development quality and level of high-purity metal sputtering targets.

Innovating coal development and utilization technology to reduce carbon emissions during the whole life cycle of coal from production to utilization is a coal-based clean energy route that meets the characteristics of China's energy endowments. Underground gasification is one of the potential methods of deep coal in-situ mining, coupled with CCS/CCUS (Carbon Capture and Storage/Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage) deep coal underground gasification hydrogen production technology route can not only utilize the rich deep coal resources, but also is expected to become an ideal of coal-based low-cost hydrogen production route. Based on the world's only kilometer-level deep coal underground gasification test data, combined with Aspen Plus process simulation, the carbon emission accounting and carbon emission reduction potential analysis of deep coal underground gasification hydrogen production were carried out. Compared with the commercial ground Lurgi fixed bed pressurized gasification hydrogen production route, the life cycle assessment method is used to establish the whole life cycle carbon emission calculation model of the two processes, compared the life cycle carbon emissions of the two hydrogen production routes.The CCS/CCUS path and carbon emission reduction potential of the underground gasification of deep coal are further evaluated.The results show that the carbon emissions during the life cycle of underground gasification of deep coal and ground gasification of Lurgi coal are 3.29×109 t CO2-eq and 3.93×106 t CO2-eq in the case of hydrogen production capacity of 1.2 billion Nm3/a, respectively, and the carbon dioxide directly emitted into the atmosphere in the form of exhaust gas is 2.09×106 t and 2.24×106 t, respectively. The main carbon emitters in the hydrogen production phase are exhaust gases, including exhaust gases from acid gas removal units and flue gases from methane reforming units. The high methane content characteristics brought about by the underground gasification process of deep coal lead to the CO2 emissions contributed by the flue gas of the methane reforming unit to 8.84 kg when producing 1 kg of hydrogen.In terms of indirect emissions, deep coal underground gasification directly uses liquid water as a gasifier without consuming external steam, so the carbon emissions caused by steam consumption are lower than that of ground gasification. The upstream of Lurgi coal surface gasification includes the coal mining and processing and coal transportation stages, and although the carbon emissions in these two phases are only 6.7%, but still bring 2.63×105 t CO2-eq. If the deep coal underground gasification cavity is used for CO2 geological storage under the premise of geological safety risk assessment, the storage capacity can reach 61.8% of the total carbon emissions, and if the urea device is supported by 470,000 tons / year, the remaining CO2 can be effectively used,to form a near-zero emission deep coal underground gasification hydrogen production and urea co-production technical route. The research results provide a scientific basis for quantitative evaluation of carbon emissions for hydrogen production from deep coal underground gasification.

Luminescence metal–organic materials (MOMs) are widely used as probes for detection. However, most of such probes are based on fluorescence and work in either turn‐off or turn‐on mode. In contrast, long‐lived (>10 ms) probes (LLPs) with recovery response to analyte are quite rare. Herein "solvation complex" strategy is used to prepare two new afterglow complexes with multiple coordinated solvents, trans‐complex 1 with both delayed fluorescence (DF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and cis‐complex 2 with RTP. Remarkably, they can serve as selective and recovery LLPs for l‐Arginine detection, with limit of detection down to 1.0 × 10−7 M. In addition, heating/fumigation can induce reversible arousal/silence of their afterglow, while H2O/DMSO vapor fumigation causes reversible crystalline‐to‐crystalline transformation between them. Detailed mechanism studies reveal that the change in coordinated solvent, including loss/acquisition, exchange, or replacement, plays a key role in such afterglow multi‐stimuli‐responsive properties. This work not only shows the potential of such long‐lived luminescence complex for recovery detection, but also reveals the unique advantages of solvation complex in the preparation of afterglow multi‐stimuli‐responsive materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major factor limiting the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology is the low success rate of pregnancy, mainly due to placental abnormalities disrupting the maternal-fetal balance during pregnancy. Although there has been some progress in research on the abnormal enlargement of cloned bovine placenta, there are still few reports on the direct regulatory mechanisms of enlarged cloned bovine placenta tissue. In this study, we conducted sequencing and analysis of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of placental tissues from SCNT cattle (n = 3) and control (CON) cattle (n = 3). The omics analysis results indicate abnormalities in biological functions such as protein digestion and absorption, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the regulation of lipid breakdown, as well as glycerolipid metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism in the placenta of SCNT cattle. Integrating these analyses highlights critical metabolic pathways affecting SCNT cattle placenta, including choline metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that aberrant expressions of genes, proteins, and metabolites in SCNT placentas affect key pathways in protein digestion, growth hormone function, and energy metabolism. Our results suggest that abnormal protein synthesis, growth hormone function, and energy metabolism in SCNT bovine placental tissues contribute to placental hypertrophy. These findings offer valuable insights for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying SCNT bovine placental abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the interaction between pesticide contamination in the plant system and the dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition is important to understand the impact of pesticides and plants on the ecological function of DOM. The present study investigated the effects of DOM on the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of carbamates in plants, carbamate exposure on DOM composition, and plant root secretion on the interaction between DOM and carbamates. The concentrations of carbamates and their metabolites in living cabbage plants were continuously tracked through an in vivo analytical method. The presence of DOM was found to reduce the highest bioconcentrations and shorten the time it took to reach the highest bioaccumulated amounts of isoprocarb and carbofuran in plants, while it showed no significant effect on the uptake behavior of carbaryl. DOM profiling results indicated that carbamate exposure substantially decreased the number and molecular diversity of DOM. Notably, plant root secretion alleviated carbamate-induced DOM molecular alterations by inducing a higher turnover rate of DOM compared to that in the uncontaminated group, highlighting the role of plants in mitigating the effects of exogenous pesticide exposure on DOM composition and maintaining DOM molecular homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]