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The paper analyzes the campaign strategies of the "Prawo i Sprawiedliwość" (PiS) political party during the Polish elections from 2009 to 2020. It examines how the gradual modernization of communication strategies and the adoption of a less aggressive narrative contributed to the party's revival after a decline in support caused by the political crisis of 2007 and the death of leader Lech Kaczyński in 2010. The research aims to identify the changes in campaigning that contributed to regaining electoral success since the 2015 national elections. The analysis is based on audio-visual materials produced by PiS for the elections during both the "crisis" period (2009-2013) and the "revival" period (2014-2020), allowing for a comparative analysis of the main changes between these two periods. Through content analysis of these materials, the study investigates the topics, genres, formats, national and European dimensions, personalization strategies, and use of negative advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artykuł porusza problematykę decyzji wyborczych młodych osób po wyborach parlamentarnych w 2023 roku. Zawiera on próbę wyjaśnienia, jakie były motywacje wyborcze badanej grupy osób. Jest również próbą pogłębienia wątków dotyczących wyborów politycznych i partycypacji młodych wyborców obywateli. Przeprowadzone zostały samodzielne badania jakościowe, techniką wywiadu pogłębionego, które uszczegóławiają problem. Analizy pokazały, że sporo młodych osób głosowało przeciwko rządowi Prawa i Sprawiedliwości, jeżeli chodzi o porównanie z poprzednimi wyborami. Widać także sporą niechęć do sprawowania władzy przez tę partię. Badani przeciwni PiS uzasadniali swoją partycypację wyborczą celem zmiany władzy, gdyż nie byli z niej zadowoleni. Uważali, że to ugrupowanie nie dba o tę grupę wiekową, nie spełnia również ich oczekiwań.

The article argues that the Digital Services Act, as part of the EU's broader attempt to regulate intermediary services providers in a constantly growing and challenging technological, social and political environment, does not provide a final and comprehensive solution to the issue. The Digital Services Act appears inconsistent with the previous case law of European supranational judiciary forums regarding the prohibition of general monitoring by intermediary services providers. In fact, it provides the Member States with vaguely worded regulatory exceptions in the event of a ban on general monitoring. However, the Digital Services Act can be seen as a legitimate and necessary attempt to enforce the regulation at the European level through Member States while at the same time giving a unique regulatory position in specific cases to the European Commission or pan-European legal bodies in general. Finally, the Digital Services Act also turns initial enforced self-regulatory attempts to regulate social harms, possibly caused by intermediary services providers, into co-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the campaign strategies of the PiS political party during the Polish elections from 2009 to 2020. It examines how the gradual modernization of communication strategies and the adoption of a less aggressive narrative contributed to the party’s revival after a decline in support caused by the political crisis of 2007 and the death of leader Lech Kaczynski in 2010. The research aims to identify the changes in campaigning that contributed to regaining electoral success since the 2015 national elections. The analysis is based on audio-visual materials produced by PiS for the elections during both the “crisis” period (2009-2013) and the “revival” period (2014-2020), allowing for a comparative analysis of the main changes between these two periods. Through content analysis of these materials, the study investigates the topics, genres, formats, national and European dimensions, personalization strategies, and use of negative advertising.

The victory of the opposition in the parliamentary elections in Poland in 2023 followed by the formation of a coalition government paved the way for the rebuilding of the rule of law after a period of its systematic violation during the 8-year rule of PiS. The first four months of the new government have already shown that this process will not be easy. However, certain actions aimed at rebuilding the violated standards have already been taken. Three goals and values ​​should be among the guiding principles in the process of rebuilding the rule of law in Poland: legalism, legal certainty, and building citizens' trust in public institutions.

As the importance of right-wing populist parties (RPPs) has grown significantly in Europe, with some even forming governments, the attendant political and policy programs are attracting greater attention. However, to date most of the relevant research has been focused on the core slogan policies of RPPs, relating to immigration and the economy. This has left the parties' educational policies understudied. In seeking to address this situation, we analyse changes in the citizenship-education curricula that Poland's schools pursued during the years 2017 to 2022, with the country's ruling party (Law and Justice — PiS), thus offering a case study of a typical RPP. This article scrutinizes citizenship-education curricular changes pursued by PiS —with an approach that regards this as the field that best allows the desire to reconstruct the model of citizenship to be discerned. We also explore a process of "civic de-socialization," and the new system of values being put in place in the curricula, by the Polish government. We examine whether the new provisions this entails fit into the ideological system of right-wing populists, and we conclude by developing hypotheses, and seeking to conclude theoretically, that ideological radicalization in education is being observed, in the wake of years of rule by an RPP. Interesting in this regard is the finding that more profound changes were not put into effect until a second stage to the reforms was reached. Overall, the case of the curriculum pursued in Poland by PiS points to a new ontology of citizenship, more nativism, and an anti-progressive agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pravnik is the property of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of State & Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As we gear up for the most consequential elections in Poland since 1989, the situation on the ground after 8 years of the paranoid polarizing and no-holds-barred politics, forces all those concerned about the future, to ask where Poland is heading. On 14 October 2023, we must understand that POLEXIT is much more than a mere dispute over institutions, rule of law, judicial independence, etc. What is at stake now is incomparably greater. It is the defense of a certain way of life, values and belonging to a community of law and values, a civic Poland in Europe and Europe in civic Poland and finally of “Me and You” as part of Europe.

Reenergized by the former liberal prime minister and EUCO president Donald Tusk, Poland’s democratic forces are well positioned to deliver a stunning upset on Sunday. If this indeed materializes, we must resist the temptation to think of the critical post-election days and weeks as a regular democratic transfer of power. Instead, what will happen should be understood as an inherently perilous collapse of an authoritarian regime. Several legal and constitutional provisions are capable of being weaponized by the ruling PiS party to thwart the peaceful transfer of power.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy has increasingly improved management of HIV infection, ensuring long-term efficacy and tolerability. Each class of antiretrovirals has, however, different characteristics and different tolerability profiles. The literature data show that protease inhibitors (PIs) are associated with a higher incidence of dyslipidemia. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether patients treated with PIs have both greater dyslipidemia and increased intima media thickness (IMT) and atheromatous plaques compared to patients treated without PIs. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 HIV-experienced patients screened with Doppler ultrasonography of the supra-aortic trunks in December 2019 were enrolled in a retrospective cross-sectional observational study. Patients were divided into two groups: 59 in the PI-based group, treated with PIs, and 51 in the PI-sparing group. In the two groups, we evaluated lipids, cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, BMI, age, hypertension), increased pathological IMT (a value > 1 mm), and possible atheromatous plaque. Results: Serum LDL (p 0.04) and percentage of patients with hypercholesterolemia (p 0.03) were higher in the PI-based than in the PI-sparing group. Doppler data showed a trend in increase of IMT > 1 in the PI-based group, which appeared statistically significant for the section of the left common carotid artery (p 0.03). However, in multivariate logistic regression models, none of the evaluated variables were significantly associated with IMT > 1. Conclusions: Our real-life data show that patients treated with PIs have a trend of developing both greater dyslipidemia and increased pathological IMT and atheromatous plaques These findings may be useful to optimize antiretrovirals for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The impact of different therapeutic classes of drugs in antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens on the CD4/CD8 ratio is not well documented in people treated for HIV. The objective of this study was to analyze the long-term effect of exposure to integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) on CD4/CD8 ratio compared with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI) among ART-treated persons with HIV (PWH). Methods Data from the Quebec HIV Cohort collected from 31 August 2017 were used. Our analysis included all patients in the cohort who received a first or subsequent ART regimen composed of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and a third active drug of a different class (NNRTI, PI, or INSTI) for at least 16 weeks. Marginal structural Cox models were constructed to estimate the effect of different therapeutic classes on the CD4/CD8 ratio outcome. Results Among the 3907 eligible patients, 972 (24.9%), 1996 (51.1%), and 939 (24.0%) were exposed to an ART regimen whose third active agent was an NNRTI, PI, or INSTI, respectively. The total follow-up time was 13 640.24 person-years. The weighted hazard ratio for the association between the third active class and CD4/CD8 ratio ≥1 was.56 (95% confidence interval [CI]:.48–.65) for patients exposed to NNRTI + 2 NRTIs and.41 (95% CI:.35–.47) for those exposed to PI + 2 NRTIs, compared with those exposed INSTI + 2 NRTIs. Conclusions For people treated for HIV, INSTI-based ART appears to be associated with a higher CD4/CD8 ratio than NNRTI and PI-based ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving farmers' fertilization behavior through technical training is conducive to reducing agricultural non-point source pollution and maintaining soil health. The existing studies mainly discuss the impact of technical training on the adoption of soil testing formula fertilization (STFF) from the perspective of judging the training effect, but there are few further answers to how to improve the effect of technical training. Based on the theory of planned behavior and training transfer, this study adopted a logit model and OLS model to explore the role of training in the adoption of STFF, as well as the moderation effect of personalized information support. An empirical test was carried out using the survey data of farmers in Zhejiang Province, China. The results showed that participating in technical training is beneficial for farmers in adopting STFF, and receiving personalized information support can strengthen the promotion effect of technical training on the adoption of STFF. Further analysis reveals that there are certain differences in the above relationships among farmers with different operating scales. The findings could facilitate a deeper understanding of the improvement of technical training performance and accumulation of rural human capital and could also provide a useful reference for the policy formulation to optimize farmers' fertilization behavior and promote sustainable agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses the issue of the departure of the popular class from Polish social democracy and the simultaneous takeover by the right-wing populist. Analyzing the electoral results of the SLD and the PiS after 2005, we can see this phenomenon both in the context of electoral geography and in-depth opinion polls. The article also analyzes the apparent dichotomy between contemporary center-left voters and the ruling party in Poland in the dimension of attitudes to socio-economic and cultural issues, which may indicate a permanent loss of trust for the Polish center-left among representatives of the peasant and working class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a human viral infectious disease caused by the positive-sense single-stranded (ss) RNA Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (Retroviridae family, Ortervirales order). HIV-1 can be distinguished into various worldwide spread groups and subtypes. HIV-2 also causes human immunodeficiency, which develops slowly and tends to be less aggressive. HIV-2 only partially homologates to HIV-1 despite the similar derivation. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the treatment approved to control HIV infection, based on multiple antiretroviral drugs that belong to different classes: (i) NNRTIs, (ii) NRTIs, (iii) PIs, (iv) INSTIs, and (v) entry inhibitors. These drugs, acting on different stages of the HIV life cycle, decrease the patient's total burden of HIV, maintain the function of the immune system, and prevent opportunistic infections. The appearance of several strains resistant to these drugs, however, represents a problem today that needs to be addressed as best as we can. New outbreaks of strains show a widespread geographic distribution and a highly variable mortality rate, even affecting treated patients significantly. Therefore, novel treatment approaches should be explored. The present review discusses updated information on HIV-1– and HIV-2–resistant strains, including details on different mutations responsible for drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar o impacto da decisão proferida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal que exclui o ICMS da base de cálculo do PIS e da COFINS e demonstrar o montante dessas contribuições a serem restituídas por uma empresa do setor alimentício, enquadrada no regime do Lucro Real. Metodologia: Utilizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, aplicada a um estudo de caso com abordagem quantitativa dos dados. A composição dos valores e identificação do indébito foram feitos a partir da análise minuciosa dos documentos fiscais e contábeis da empresa, dos anos de 2012 até 2017. Resultados: Verificou-se que a decisão do STF permite interpretações distintas quanto a sistemática de cálculo para ressarcimento de eventuais valores, portanto como ainda não há segurança jurídica quanto ao critério a ser utilizado, optou-se por demonstrar os valores pelos dois métodos, ou seja, excluindo o ICMS destacado e o ICMS recolhido. O resultado da pesquisa evidenciou que ambas as formas de cálculo se mostraram benéficas para a empresa, mesmo com a enorme discrepância identificada se confrontados os valores de indébito encontrados em cada critério de cálculo. Contribuições do Estudo: O estudo traz uma contribuição significativa pois trata-se da decisão proferida pelo STF que exclui o ICMS da base de cálculo do PIS e COFINS, assunto esse que arrastava-se pelo STF há muitos anos, e que ainda se mostra confusa e permite interpretações distintas quanto ao método de cálculo do indébito. As decisões desarmonizadas e inseguras, os grandes valores que o governo necessita restituir às empresas e a amplitude que essa decisão tomou em âmbito nacional tornam o assunto relevante pois como mostrado no presente estudo, apesar dos resultados discrepantes entre as formas de apuração do valor a restituir/compensar, a empresa obtém expressiva vantagem tributária.

National-conservative Law and Justice Party (PiS) is seen as quite open to the innovative use of social media. Moreover, the government led by PiS is aiming at regulating social media in a dual way – on the one hand to prevent blocking by social media platforms, on the other hand to allow intervention and blocking by authorities. Regarding our findings, not surprisingly, the preferred source of information for both PiS and Confederation (Konfederacja) were digital sources. TV was the least often linked media outlet for PiS and radio for Confederation, respectively. All the linked media were national or with mixed origin, there were no links to European/supranational media. The overwhelming majority of links were websites and social media accounts of Confederation and PiS, their individual politicians or YouTube materials produced by these two groupings. Left and liberal media were systematically ignored when around 10% were common to both profiles, including FaceBook (FB). These were mostly mainstream media of diverse type (news websites, YouTube, radio, TV) and left, centre and centre-right ideological leanings. The political orientation of the shared sources reflected the inclination of populist parties and their coalitions to promote right wing discourses. PiS as a large party oriented towards the centre represents centre-right and Confederation represents radical right. The references to the media classified as centre-right constituted 96% of PiS sample and 66% of Confederation sample. The network analysis showed that both parties were embedded in two almost separate bubbles which are linked together by a very limited set of sources. They stayed in reciprocal relations mostly with their own separated structures, organizations, politicians or FB discussion groups.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy has increasingly improved management of HIV infection, ensuring long-term efficacy and tolerability. Each class of antiretrovirals has, however, different characteristics and different tolerability profiles. The literature data show that protease inhibitors (PIs) are associated with a higher incidence of dyslipidemia. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether patients treated with PIs have both greater dyslipidemia and increased intima media thickness (IMT) and atheromatous plaques compared to patients treated without PIs. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 HIV-experienced patients screened with Doppler ultrasonography of the supra-aortic trunks in December 2019 were enrolled in a retrospective cross-sectional observational study. Patients were divided into two groups: 59 in the PI-based group, treated with PIs, and 51 in the PI-sparing group. In the two groups, we evaluated lipids, cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, BMI, age, hypertension), increased pathological IMT (a value > 1 mm), and possible atheromatous plaque. Results: Serum LDL (p 0.04) and percentage of patients with hypercholesterolemia (p 0.03) were higher in the PI-based than in the PI-sparing group. Doppler data showed a trend in increase of IMT > 1 in the PI-based group, which appeared statistically significant for the section of the left common carotid artery (p 0.03). However, in multivariate logistic regression models, none of the evaluated variables were significantly associated with IMT > 1. Conclusions: Our real-life data show that patients treated with PIs have a trend of developing both greater dyslipidemia and increased pathological IMT and atheromatous plaques These findings may be useful to optimize antiretrovirals for patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

Copyright of Porównania / Comparisons. A Journal on Comparative Literature & Interdisciplinary Studies is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University Poznao, Press of "Poznanskie Studia Polonistyczne" and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the arsenal of plant defense, protease inhibitors (PIs) are well‐designed defensive products to counter field pests. PIs are produced in plant tissues by means of 'stable defense metabolite' and triggered on demand as the perception of the signal and well established as a part of plant active defense. PIs have been utilized for approximately four decades, initially as a gene‐alone approach that was later replaced by multiple gene pyramiding/gene stacking due to insect adaptability towards the PI alone. By considering the adaptive responses of the pest to the single insecticidal gene, the concept of gene pyramiding gained continuous appreciation for the development of transgenic crops to deal with co‐evolving pests. Gene pyramiding approaches are executed to bypass the insectʼs adaptive responses against PIs. Stacking PIs with additional insecticidal proteins, plastid engineering, recombinant proteinase inhibitors, RNAi‐based methods and CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing are the advanced tools and methods for next‐generation pest management. Undoubtedly, the domain associated with the mechanism of PIs in the course of plant–pest interactions will occupy a central role for the advancement of more efficient and sustainable pest control strategies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to present the impact of the decision issued by the Supreme Federal Court that excludes ICMS from PIS and COFINS calculation basis and to present the amount of these contributions to be refunded by a company in the food sector, within the framework of the actual profit method. Methodology: A descriptive research was used, applied to a case study with quantitative data approach. The composition of the values and identification of the undue amount was made from the thorough analysis of the company's tax and accounting documents, from 2012 to 2017. Results: It was found that the STF decision allows different interpretations regarding the calculation system for reimbursement of eventual values, therefore, as there is still no legal certainty regarding the criterion to be used, it was decided to show the values by both methods, that is, excluding the posted ICMS and the collected ICMS. The research result showed that both forms of calculation proved to be beneficial for the company, even with the huge discrepancy identified when confronting the undue amounts found in each calculation criterion. Study Contributions: The study makes a significant contribution because it is the decision made by the STF that excludes ICMS from the PIS and COFINS calculation base, a matter that has been dragging on by the STF for many years, and which is still confused and allows different interpretations as to the method of calculating the amount due. Disharmonized and unsafe decisions, the great amounts that the government needs to return to companies and the breadth that decision has taken at the national level make the matter relevant because as shown in the present study, despite the discrepant results between the ways of calculating the amount to be refunded / compensated, the company obtains a significant financial advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-performance feature of the Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PMLSM) makes it a reliable and valuable motor for use in the automotive industry, especially for electric vehicle (EVs) applications. This research proposes a bond graph approach in modeling the PMLSM as a multi-domain dynamical system. However, A time-based simulation was performed using 20-sim software to simulate the dynamical behavior of the motor. An equivalent model of the motor was first obtained and then modeled and simulated using 20-sim software. The model of the PMLSM drive system was modeled separately and incorporated with PMLSM Motor equivalent model to form a global model. Moreover, the motor drive system response was studied based on the sensor resolutions and the inverter switching frequency. The block diagram and the transfer function methods validated the bond graph model obtained. Two classical PIs such as continuous and discrete were implemented on the motor response to control the velocity of the motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation system studies have increased significantly over the past decades and various approaches have been presented in the literature; consequently, innovation policies have undergone substantial changes in the context of each period. Most of these approaches have focused on the development of technological innovation for purely economic purposes. Resolving macro-level societal problems based on the innovation system, called “Problem-oriented Innovation System (PIS)”, has recently been introduced in the related literature and has opened a new path for economic and social development of countries. Implementation of this framework by policymakers will serve as the basis for developing problem-oriented innovation policy for the problems or challenges facing society. To this end, this paper, while presenting the historical evolution of innovation policies, introduces analytical framework of “Problem-oriented Innovation System” as a comprehensive approach to analyzing technical and social innovation processes for resolving large scale problems with the aim of providing a basis for problem-oriented innovation policy. Finally, we analyze two case studies (the problem resolution systems of US earthquake and the digital divide in South Korea) based on the “Event History Analysis” strategy.

Gloria Pérez-Rubio,1 Enrique Ambrocio-Ortiz,1 Luis A López-Flores,1 Ana I Juárez-Martín,2 Luis Octavio Jiménez-Valverde,1 Susana Zoreque-Cabrera,1 Gustavo Galicia-Negrete,1 María Elena Ramírez-Díaz,3 Filiberto Cruz-Vicente,4 Manuel de Jesús Castillejos-López,5 Citlaltepetl Salinas-Lara,6 Rafael de Jesús Hernández-Zenteno,7 Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas,7 Ramcés Falfán-Valencia1 1HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico; 2Centro de Estudios Antropológicos - Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; 3Coordinación de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Jurisdicción 06 Sierra, Tlacolula de Matamoros Oaxaca, Servicios de Salud de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico; 4Hospital Civil Aurelio Valdivieso, Servicios de Salud de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico; 5Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico; 6Department of Neuropathology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico; 7Tobacco Smoking and COPD Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, MexicoCorrespondence: Ramcés Falfán-Valencia Email rfalfanv@iner.gob.mxPurpose: The protease inhibitor S (PiS) and Z (PiZ) variants have been stated as the only genetic cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Caucasians. However, its frequency in admixed populations is low. We aimed to identify genetic susceptibility between PiS (rs17580) and PiZ (rs28929474) polymorphisms with COPD related to tobacco smoking and biomass-burning smoke as well as to determine its frequencies in Mestizo and Amerindian populations from Mexico.Patients and Methods: One thousand and eight hundred seventy-eight subjects were included in two comparisons of cases and controls, (1) smokers with and without COPD (COPD-S, n=399; SWOC, n=1106); (2) Biomass-burning smoke-exposed subjects with and without COPD (COPD-BS, n=98; BBES, n=275). In addition, 2354 Mexican subjects identified as Mestizos (n=1952) and Amerindian (n=402) were included. The population structure was evaluated using 59 informative ancestry markers.Results: The AT genotype of rs17580 is associated with COPD in both comparisons (COPD-S vs SWOC p< 0.001, OR=2.16; COPD-BS vs BBES p< 0.0001, OR=11.50). The population of the Mexico-North has a greater Caucasian contribution (54.7%) compared to the center (46.9%) and southeast (42.7%).Conclusion: The rs17580, AT genotype, is associated with COPD in Mexican-Mestizo smokers and exposed to biomass-burning smoke. The rs17580 AT is more frequent in the Mexican-Mestizo population of the North of the country, which has a high Caucasian component.Keywords: PiS, PiZ, COPD, SERPINA1, AAT, A1AT, biomass-burning smoke, tobacco smoking

The article analyzes the features of the presidential election in Poland held in 2020. Its distinctive features were the holding of voting amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the postponement of the first round of voting and the replacement of the candidate from the main opposition force – Koalicja Obywatelska. The article describes in detail the campaign of the main candidates: A. Duda and R. Trzaskowski, with a great emphasis on the latter. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the reasons for the victory of the incumbent head of state and the failure of the representative from the opposition forces. The author notes that the success of A. Duda, who, despite his non-partisanship, acts as a conductor of the interests of the ruling Law and Justice party, is justified by the fact that the latter managed to fulfill part of its initial election promises during its term in power. Thanks to this, a stable group of electoral support was formed, which ensured the victory of A. Dude.

This article deals with Poland’s Law and Justice (PiS), considered a conservative party in the scholarly literature. Drawing largely on party manifestos, the article demonstrates the character, the specificities and the evolution of the party’s identity and ideology. A theoretical basis for the undertaking is provided by Klaus von Beyme’s concept of party families, Arend Lijphart’s seven ideological dimensions and classic texts on conservatism. The analysis finds that the most important components in PiS’s current identity are Catholicism itself and the great emphasis the party places on the role of the Catholic Church. Also important for the party’s identity are visions of a nation conceived on ethnic principle, a strong and active state able to form society with a national spirit, anti-communism and a negation of developments in Poland since 1989. A substantial role is played by the quasi-religiously conceived legacy of the party’s co-founder, Lech Kaczyński, who tragically perished in an aircraft crash. With its Catholic-nationalist profile, PiS is close to the Christian current within the conservative New Right, and to Polish National Democracy in the interwar period.

Introduction: A pharmacy information system (PIS) is a crucial tool for preventing errors and enhancing patient safety. This study aims to assess the influence of a PIS on workflow and medication errors (MEs) within the pharmacy department of a medical city in Saudi Arabia. The analysis encompasses an evaluation of the current workflow within pharmacy modules (in-patient, out-patient, and clinical pharmacy modules) and an exploration of associated challenges and inefficiencies., Method: The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, incorporating structured interview techniques and the review of system records, such as logs, incident reports, and ME databases., Results: Respondents recognized the benefits of the PIS, including the management of high-quality real-time data (26%), reduction of MEs (25%), acceleration of healthcare practices (23%), and absence of space-time constraints (14%). The study highlighted the role of PIS in addressing medication stock control and shortage issues, thereby improving overall medication availability. Furthermore, PIS significantly enhanced safety (93.3%), efficiency (80%), reliability, accuracy, ease of use (56.7%, 56.7%), and cost-effectiveness (53.7%). Following the implementation of the PIS, there was an increase in ME reporting, indicating improved error detection and management., Conclusion: The research revealed an increase in ME reporting rates in hospitals after PIS installation, attributed to improved medication management processes resulting in higher detection rates. As healthcare facilities increasingly embrace electronic medical records, the understanding of patient care quality will be significantly impacted. Consequently, further research is warranted to explore the role of PIS in reporting, detecting, analyzing, and mitigating MEs, as well as their influence on the work environment to promote a secure and efficient patient journey., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. King Fahad Medical City - Riyadh Second Cluster issued approval 24-141. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Alanazi et al.)

Post implantation syndrome (PIS) is an early systemic inflammatory response following endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). The response is variable in patients and the clinical significance of PIS upon outcomes is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and prognostic implication of PIS. Systematic literature review and analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Cochrane guidelines of PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov , and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Eligible English-language studies regarding PIS after infrarenal EVAR were included, after removing duplicates. After screening, 31 studies were included. A total of 2847 patients were reviewed, with mean age of 70.7 years, of which 2012 (90.4%) were male, with a pooled mean follow-up of 26.1 months. PIS was reported in 25.3% of cases, with mean aneurysm diameter of 56.4 cm. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts were utilized in 794 patients (27.9%) with polyester in 1839 (64.6%). White blood cell count, C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels were all significantly elevated postoperatively. Thirty-day outcomes included type I endoleak rate of 0.8%, type II endoleak rate of 1.7%, reintervention rate of 0.35%, and mortality rate of 0.25%. Subgroup pooled analysis of patients with PIS (n = 309) vs No-PIS (n = 691) revealed that polyester (n = 642), rather than PTFE (n = 234) grafts, were associated with a higher rate of PIS (94.8% vs 3.7%; P =.0001), White blood cell count was higher in the PIS group both preoperatively (7.61 vs 6.76 × 109/L; P =.04) and postoperatively (15.0 vs 9.8 × 109/L; P =.0007) and IL-6 levels were higher in the PIS group postoperatively (98.6 vs 25.2 pg/mL; P =.02). Aneurysm diameter and amount of chronic or new thrombus within the aneurysm sac was not identified as a risk factor for PIS. Pooled outcomes of patients with PIS vs No-PIS demonstrated a significantly higher rate of 30-day mortality (0.6% vs 0%; P =.03) and major adverse cardiac events (5.8% vs 0.43%; P <.0001) without any differences seen in reintervention or 30-day type I or type II endoleaks. This systematic review suggests that polyester grafts are strongly associated with PIS compared with PTFE. Interestingly, this report is suggestive of an association between 30-day mortality and major adverse cardiac events and PIS. Given these clinical sequelae, consideration for use of PTFE over polyester grafts to reduce the incidence of PIS may be a simple step to improve overall outcome. Further, exploration of the relationship between inflammatory mediators associated with PIS and mortality and cardiac complications may engender deeper understanding of risks, leading to eventual mitigation of harm for patients experiencing PIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2005–2007, the Russian Federation was blocking navigation through the Piławska Strait (the only exit from the Vistula Lagoon to the Baltic Sea). The answer was to build a shipping canal through the Vistula Spit. The aim of the article was to compare the positions of the PO and the PiS in the implementation of these infrastructure plans. The author used a comparative method and the method of institutional and legal analysis. The conducted research allowed to show that the PO in 2005–2007 did not present a unified position on the construction of the canal, some of its politicians spoke positively and some negatively. Meanwhile, PiS politicians in all public statements expressed approval for these aspirations.

This paper presents two novel competitive-cooperative learning models (CCLM) for achieving goals by human contenders. These models have two phases, viz., Competition phase and Cooperation phase. CCLM based on Hanman Transform (HT) is called HT-CCLM and that using a new concept termed Pervasive Information set is called PIS-CCLM. In the competition phase of HT-CCLM, each contender emulates the effort of best achiever by taking the difference of Hanman Transform values associated with the efforts of an individual and the best achiever whereas in the cooperation phase the differential of HT values of efforts of two random contenders is considered. In PIS-CCLM pervasive information value obtained from hesitancy values are used in the competition phase only. We have also carried out Wilcoxon test to establish the superiority of the proposed HT-CCLM and PIS-CCLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel polyimide with trifluoromethyl group (PIS) was synthesized successfully and used to improve the toughness of epoxy resins. Five modified epoxy resins (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 wt%) were prepared and investigated, respectively. The structure, thermal properties, tensile properties, viscoelastic properties, toughness and morphology of modified epoxy resins were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Instron 5967, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the epoxy resins modified with PIS exhibited good thermal stability which the glass transition temperatures increased from 135.9 °C to 146.4 °C. Tensile strength of modified epoxy resins increased from 40.4 MPa to 92.3 MPa. The KIC values increased from 0.86 MPa·m1/2 to 1.56 MPa·m1/2 indicated that the toughness enhancement was markedly. The fracture modes also were examined by SEM images and exhibited the fracture mode changed from the brittle one to ductile fracture with varied weight of the novel trifluoromethyl-polyimide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of University Policies / Revista de Poli´ticas Universitarias is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Autophagy is a process in which a myriad membrane structures called autophagosomes are formed de novo in a single cell, which deliver the engulfed substrates into lysosomes for degradation. The size of the autophagosomes is relatively uniform in non-selective autophagy and variable in selective autophagy. It has been recently established that autophagosome formation occurs near the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this review, we have discussed recent advances in the relationship between autophagosome formation and endoplasmic reticulum. Autophagosome formation occurs near the ER subdomain enriched with phospholipid synthesizing enzymes like phosphatidylinositol synthase (PIS)/CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase (CDIPT) and choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (CEPT1). Autophagy-related protein 2 (Atg2), which is involved in autophagosome formation has a lipid transfer capacity and is proposed to directly transfer the lipid molecules from the ER to form autophagosomes. Vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) and transmembrane protein 41b (TMEM41b) are ER membrane proteins that are associated with the formation of the subdomain. Recently, we have reported that an uncharacterized ER membrane protein possessing the DNAJ domain, called ERdj8/DNAJC16, is associated with the regulation of the size of autophagosomes. The localization of ERdj8/DNAJC16 partially overlaps with the PIS-enriched ER subdomain, thereby implying its association with autophagosome size determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PiS and Fidesz are mnemonic warriors who tried to enforce their memory politics already during their first government terms – as the analysis of their flagship museums, the Warsaw Rising Museum and the House of Terror in Budapest shows. The current illiberal governments treat museums they ‘inherited’ from their predecessors differently: While PiS changes content at the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk, the Museum of the History of Polish Jews and the Holocaust Memorial Center in Budapest ‘only’ lost their directors. Even mnemonic warriors must take international developments like the ‘universalization of the Holocaust’ into consideration. Kaczyński and Orbán favored opening new museums rather than changing museums identified as ‘Jewish’, even those that explicitly deal with Polish and Hungarian complicity. New museums, like the Ulma Family Museum, the House of Fates in Budapest and the Warsaw Ghetto Museum, focus on rescuers of Jews and heroic uplifting messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National populism is a widespread phenomenon, present in almost every European country. Even though literature on populism is quite ample, it lacks terminological intersections and uses different approaches to delineate the term. The aim of this article is to adjust the term national populism to the specificities of the V4 countries, focusing on Hungary and Poland. We make threefold contribution to the current debate on populism. Firstly, a new dimension concerning populism is present, a requirement of the newly formed populist elite to decide, who is the "people". Secondly, we introduce coherent description and comparison of national populists' tendencies in Hungary and Poland, in summary called "Orbán's illiberal doctrine", which was adopted around Budapest-Warsaw axis. Thirdly, we view the V4 region to be a proxy-war in what Milanović calls "Clash of Capitalisms". The notion of Orbán's illiberal doctrine challenges erratic Czech and Slovak opportunism, so far prone to liberal capitalistic order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populist, especially far-right populist, parties have gained votes in recent elections across Europe recently. This observation is true for Poland as well. The far-right populist party Law and Justice (PiS, Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) won the parliamentary election in 2015. Next to the well-known nativist and populist messages, PiS promoted a social policy: the Family 500+ programme. Did this programme attract voters? The findings of this study lend reason to answer the question in the affirmative. The inclusion of social policies usually associated with left -wing parties might hence be a path to be explored by other far-right populist parties as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Politik is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)