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As burden of chronic respiratory diseases is constantly increasing, improving in vitro lung models is essential in order to reproduce as closely as possible the complex pulmonary architecture, responsible for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide clearance. The study of diseases that affect the respiratory system has benefited from in vitro reconstructions of the respiratory epithelium with inserts in air/liquid interface (2D) or in organoids able to mimic up to the arborescence of the respiratory tree (3D). Recent development in the fields of pluripotent stem cells-derived organoids and genome editing technologies has provided new insights to better understand pulmonary diseases and to find new therapeutic perspectives.Les organoïdes pulmonaires.L’impact en santé publique des pathologies respiratoires chroniques ne cesse de croître. Dans ce contexte, il paraît indispensable d’améliorer les modèles d’études du poumon afin de reproduire au plus proche l’architecture pulmonaire complexe, garante des fonctions d’oxygénation et d’épuration du gaz carbonique. Les connaissances actuelles en physiopathologie respiratoire résultent en partie des études de modèles de reconstitution d’épithélium bronchique in vitro à partir de cellules primaires, en deux dimensions sur des inserts, ou en trois dimensions, en organoïdes mimant jusqu’à l’arborescence pulmonaire. Le développement de ces modèles in vitro a connu un nouvel essor grâce aux organoïdes pulmonaires issus de cellules souches pluripotentes et la démocratisation des outils d’édition du génome. Ces apports technologiques récents offrent de nouvelles perspectives en matière de thérapeutiques ou de compréhension physiopathologique et pourraient, dans le futur, ouvrir les portes de la médecine régénératrice pulmonaire.

In this study we are going to use different omic-techniques to analyze fruits of three species of berries such as strawberry, raspberry and black currant. Berry fruit are well appreciated for their delicate flavor and nutraceutical properties, with consumer demand increasing over the last years. Furthermore, climate change and market globalization have made necessary to improve the production while maintaining fruit quality traits. Goodberry project is developping analytical platforms, covering from transcriptomic to metabolites and volatile compounds analysis, to find new factors controlling plant adaptation, fruit production and quality. In this study we implement the metabolomic analysis of strawberry, raspberry and black currant fruits from the 2017 harvest, as well as 2018 harvest during this year. To analyze and compare the data we use multiomic tools and bioinformatics to extract properly conclusion The analyses take different berry cultivars, adapted to diverse environments, were grown in 2017 and 2018 in different latitudes (Germany, France, Norway, Italy, Poland and Scotland). The data comes from a combination of gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC-MS was used to semi-quantify fruit primary metabolome and volatilome. Around 50 key primary metabolites, including sugars and acids, which are fundamental factors influencing fruit taste and 75 volatiles, responsible of the aroma, were identified across the different genotypes and climates. Multivariate statistical approaches allow us to point out the genetic and environmental factors underlying complex metabolic traits involved in fruit quality. Preliminary analysis showed that both climate and genetic factors influence primary metabolite and volatile content, even if the environment seems to have a stronger impact on the first one. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Strawberry, the major berry fruit crop, is a relevant model to study the occurrence and concomitance of various developmental processes/ events . Vegetative reproduction through stolons (elongated stems) and sexual reproduction through inflorescences occur successively or jointly, depending on the genotype, cultural technique and environment. The control of the trade-off between flowering and runnering is crucial for managing the production of plants in nurseries and the production of fruits in fields, tunnels or greenhouses. The runnering and flowering pathways likely interact. We recently showed in diploid strawberry that the gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme GA20ox plays a key role in controlling this trade-off by regulating the fate of axillary meristem to either stolon or inflorescence. We also showed that the floral repressor FvTFL1 controls perpetual flowering (PF). Interestingly, in the cultivated octoploid strawberry, a single major locus FaPFRU that does not involve GA20ox or TFL1 controls PF and displays opposite effects on flowering and runnering. We further identified by using longitudinal data analysis methods a locus controlling the flowering intensity of the last phase of PF. We will present how these results deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and allow a better control of fruit yield in strawberry.

Berries, such as strawberry, raspberry and black currant, are well appreciated for their delicate flavor and nutraceutical properties, with consumer demand increasing over the last years. However, climate change and market globalization have made necessary to improve the production while maintaining fruit quality traits. Among the EU GoodBerry project’s objetive are develop state-of-the-art analytical platforms, covering from transcriptomic to metabolites and volatile compounds analysis, to find new factors controlling plant adaptation, fruit production and quality and use the data to face climate changes. Here we present the metabolomic analysis of strawberry, raspberry and black currant fruits from the 2017 harvest. Different berry cultivars, adapted to diverse environments, were grown in 2017 and 2018 in different latitudes (Germany, France, Norway, Italy and Poland) combination of spectrometry techniques was used to semi-quantify fruit primary metabolome and volatilome. Around 50 key primary metabolites, including sugars and acids, which are fundamental factors influencing fruit taste and 75 volatiles, responsible of the aroma, were identified across the different genotypes and climates. Multivariate statistical approaches allow us to point out the genetic and environmental factors underlying complex metabolic traits involved in fruit quality. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

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International audience; Extending the period of fruit production is a way to substantially increase crop yield in many fruit or ornamental species. In the cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), the most consumed small fruit worldwide, fruit production season can be extended by selecting perpetual flowering (PF) cultivars. This trait is of considerable interest to growers and to the food industry. Four homoeologous loci controlling a single trait can be expected in such a complex octoploid species. However, we recently showed that the PF trait is under the control of the single dominant FaPFRU locus (Gaston et al., 2013), making it potentially amenable to marker assisted selection (MAS). Here, we report the successful use of a strategy, based on selective mapping using a reduced sample of individuals, to identify nine markers in close linkage to the FaPFRU allelic variant. Thus, this strategy can be used to fine map target homoeologous loci in other complex polyploid crop species. Recombinant analysis further enabled us to reduce the locus to a region flanked by two markers, Bx083_206 and Bx215_131, corresponding to a 1.1 Mb region in the diploid F. vesca reference genome. This region comprised 234 genes, including 15 flowering-associated genes. Among these, the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is known to be a key activator of flowering. The close association between the PF trait and the FaPFRU flanking markers was validated using an additional segregating population and genetic resources. This study lays the foundation for effective and rapid breeding of PF strawberry cultivars by MAS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Club cell secretory protein (CCSP) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory product with a protective role in the respiratory tract. Impaired airway homeostasis in chronic bronchial diseases might be related to CCSP G38A polymorphism but the SNP-transcription relationship is not established. This study was to examine the influence of ccsp G38A polymorphism on CCSP expression and regulation. Vectors constructions (proximal promoter: 229bp; and distal promoter: 926bp) containing -38G wild type or the -38A variant were designed. Human bronchial BEAS-2B cells were transfected with these proximal or distal promoters, in presence/absence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Dual luciferase assay system reflected CCSP transcription levels. In parallel, dual transfections with candidate modulating transcription factors identified by in silico analysis using ConSite and TFSEARCH were conducted. No significant changes are induced by the -38G and -38A vectors in transiently transfected BEAS-2B cells. Cotransfection with Nkx2.1 significantly increased CCSP transcription. Interestingly, with proximal promoter only,-38A variant gene response to Nkx2.1 was higher than -38G wild type response. CSE decreased CCSP transcription. In depth-in silico analyzes identified two novel candidate transcription factors that could specifically bind to the G38A locus: Thing1E47 and p53. Our data indicate that two novel transcription factors and CSE could affect CCSP expression. Also, -38A variant CCSP gene modulation induced by Nkx2.1 is significant. Finding transcription factors that could restore normal levels of CCSP expression is of interest.

Flowering is a key event for production of seeds or fruits. To date, studies of this process were mainly focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of flowering until now. In perennial plants, few studies have taken into account the large variability in flowering patterns along plant development. Fragaria stands as an interesting model for studying flowering and perpetual flowering and its relationships with vegetative plant reproduction in perennial plants. In this talk, we will show how complementary approaches in genetics, genomics and plant physiology can be integrated to provide a better understanding of flowering in Fragaria. Besides giving a better insights into these poorly known processes, our results will provide new tools for controlling that trait in strawberry and, consequently, fruit production.

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Mouette BARBOFF, docteur en ethnologie de l'EHESS - Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales de Paris, et Présidente de l'association "L'Europe, Civilisation du Pain", nous entraîne ici à la découverte d'une minoterie familiale en Ile-de-France, Les Moulins Bourgeois. De la sélection des blés - achetés dans un rayon de 150 km autour du moulin (Brie, Gâtinais, Beauce, Champagne) -, précédant la production de farine - livrée à près de 500 artisans-boulangers, situés en zone rurale et urbaine, dans un rayon de 200 km autour du moulin -, jusqu'aux stages proposés pour former des artisans-boulangers d'Ile-de-France aux savoir-faire de la boulangerie traditionnelle et dispensés par un expert sur le site, les Moulins Bourgeois apparaissent comme un outil de production moderne, en constante évolution technique pour garantir qualité, sécurité et traçabilité des produits.