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Objectius. Les subdireccions de biblioteques de Catalunya i de la Comunitat de Madrid han volgut explorar les possibilitats dels nous suports de lectura digital per donar resposta a les necessitats ciutadanes en aquest sentit i també, al mateix temps, afavorir la introducció d'aquestes tecnologies entre el públic. També es proposava esperonar la indústria editorial per tenir ben present el mercat bibliotecari. -- Metodologia. A partir d'un pla pilot d'introducció i préstec de lectors (e-readers) amb obres incorporades (e-books o llibres electrònics); i a partir també dels resultats de les enquestes de seguiment i avaluació del pla pilot, i de l'estudi de la praxi a nivell internacional, s'ha treballat, de forma cooperativa en el disseny d'un entorn. Aquest entorn s'havia de configurar com a model apte per donar resposta a les biblioteques públiques, a la indústria editorial i sobretot, a les necessitats dels usuaris de les biblioteques públiques de les dues comunitats. -- Resultats. S'inaugura un nou servei de préstec de llibres electrònic amb la creació d'una plataforma, comercialment neutra, on es pot accedir directament o des dels respectius catàlegs col·lectius. De l'experiència i dels estudis realitzats, se'n dedueix la necessitat d'apostar més pels continguts que per la tecnologia i de ser permeables i flexibles: la plataforma i el model de servei que s'estableix han de ser sensibles i adaptables als nous escenaris que puguin produir-se en terminis mitjos que resulten cada vegada més curts.Objectives. The heads of libraries in Catalonia and the Community of Madrid have explored the possibilities of the new digital reading platforms in order to respond to the public's needs and also to promote the introduction of these technologies in everyday use. This study also aimed to draw the attention of the publishing industry to the importance of the library market. -- Methodology. The study describes a pilot scheme for the introduction and loan of e-readers and e-books. Based on the results of the surveys devised to assess the pilot scheme and the study of practices in other countries, the authors have designed an environment able to serve as a model for public libraries and the publishing industry and above all, able to respond to the needs of public library users in the two communities. -- Results. We initiated a new e-book loan service with the creation of a commercially neutral platform which can be accessed either directly or via the respective library catalogues. The results of the study highlight the need to concentrate more on the contents than on technological aspects, and the need for flexibility: the platform and the service model must be sensitive and adaptable to the new scenarios as they emerging.

Objetivos. Las subdirecciones de bibliotecas de Cataluña y de la Comunidad de Madrid se propusieron explorar las posibilidades de los nuevos soportes digitales de lectura para dar respuesta, en este sentido, a las necesidades ciudadanas y simultáneamente, favorecer la introducción de estas tecnologías entre el público. Existía también el propósito de estimular a la industria editorial para que considere el mercado de las bibliotecas. -- Metodología. A partir de un proyecto piloto de introducción y préstamo de lectores (e-readers) que llevaban obras incorporadas (e-books o libros electrónicos); y a partir también de los resultados de las encuestas de seguimiento y evaluación del proyecto piloto así como del estudio de la praxis a nivel internacional, se trabajó, de forma cooperativa, en el diseño de un entorno. Este entorno se debía configurar como un modelo apto para dar respuesta a las bibliotecas públicas, a la industria editorial y sobretodo, a las necesidades de los usuarios de las bibliotecas públicas de las dos comunidades. -- Resultados. Se inaugura un nuevo servicio de préstamo de libros electrónicos basado en la creación de una plataforma, neutra comercialmente, a la que se puede acceder directamente o desde los respectivos catálogos colectivos. De la experiencia y de los estudios realizados, se deduce la necesidad de apostar por los contenidos, más que por la tecnología y por la necesidad de ser permeables y flexibles: la plataforma y el modelo del servicio que se han establecido, deben ser sensibles y adaptables a los nuevos escenarios que pueden producirse a medio plazo, teniendo en cuenta que los plazos son cada vez más cortos.Objectives. The heads of libraries in Catalonia and the Community of Madrid have explored the possibilities of the new digital reading platforms in order to respond to the public's needs and also to promote the introduction of these technologies in everyday use. This study also aimed to draw the attention of the publishing industry to the importance of the library market. -- Methodology. The study describes a pilot scheme for the introduction and loan of e-readers and e-books. Based on the results of the surveys devised to assess the pilot scheme and the study of practices in other countries, the authors have designed an environment able to serve as a model for public libraries and the publishing industry and above all, able to respond to the needs of public library users in the two communities. -- Results. We initiated a new e-book loan service with the creation of a commercially neutral platform which can be accessed either directly or via the respective library catalogues. The results of the study highlight the need to concentrate more on the contents than on technological aspects, and the need for flexibility: the platform and the service model must be sensitive and adaptable to the new scenarios as they emerging.

El sistema de lectura pública i el sistema bibliotecari de Catalunya presenten situacions desiguals, qualitativament i territorialment, segons el punt de vista que s'adopti. En general, emperò, la diagnosi convida a l'optimisme. Els instruments existents —nascuts per iniciativa o amb el suport de la Generalitat de Catalunya— possibiliten una articulació i coordinació del conjunt que satisfaci els interessos col·lectius. Si les eines principals hi són, l'èxit depèn del grau de compromís i de generositat dels professionals i de les administracions.Catalonia’s public reading system and library system do not present a homogeneous picture, either in terms of quality or across regions. Broadly speaking, though, we have reasons to be optimistic. The available tools — which have been devised or promoted by the Catalan government — make it possible to structure and coordinate the system satisfying collective interests. With the tools available, success will depend on the degree of commitment of professionals and administrations alike.

El Sistema de la lectura pública y el Sistema bibliotecario de Catalunya presentan desigualdades territoriales y calidades desiguales, según el punto de vista que se adopte. Pese a ello, en general, el diagnóstico invita al optimismo. Los instrumentos de que disponemos –sean nacidos como iniciativa de la Generalitat de Catalunya, sean nacidos con su apoyo– hacen posible que la articulación y coordinación del conjunto respondan a los intereses colectivos. Teniendo, pues, los instrumentos, el éxito de la empresa estará en función de la capacidad de compromiso y de la generosidad de los profesionales y de las administraciones.Catalonia’s public reading system and library system do not present a homogeneous picture, either in terms of quality or across regions. Broadly speaking, though, we have reasons to be optimistic. The available tools — which have been devised or promoted by the Catalan government — make it possible to structure and coordinate the system satisfying collective interests. With the tools available, success will depend on the degree of commitment of professionals and administrations alike.

Estudi de l’ús que fan de les metadades les revistes electròniques espanyoles de biblioteconomia i documentació. En primer lloc, es fa la revisió bibliogràfica de l’ús de metadades en revistes electròniques i s’examinen les propostes de la Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) i dels grups que en formen part. A continuació, s’analitzen les revistes pròpiament dites pel que fa a l’ús i als tipus de metadades emprades i es presenten els resultats.The article explores the use of metadata by Spanish e-journals in the field of library and information science, beginning with a review of the literature concerning the use of metadata in e-journals. There follows an examination of Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) proposals and of groups forming part of it. The author goes on to analyse the journals themselves, regarding the use and type of metadata applied, and, finally, the results are presented.Estudio del uso de los metadatos por parte de las revistas electrónicas españolas de biblioteconomía y documentación. En primer lugar, se presenta la revisión bibliográfica del uso de metadatos en revistas electrónicas y se examinan las propuestas de la Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) y de los grupos que forman parte de ella. A continuación, se analizan las revistas propiamente dichas en lo que respecta al uso y a los tipos de metadatos utilizados y se presentan los resultados.

L’article explica el desenvolupament d’un estudi d’usabilitat del lloc web de la Biblioteca de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra. L’estudi es dugué a terme mitjançant una enquesta que es distribuí a una mostra de 100 usuaris i un test d’usabilitat que realitzaren vuit usuaris més. De l’anàlisi dels resultats es van obtenir dades significatives sobre com interactuen els usuaris amb la interfície web de la Biblioteca, així com de les necessitats d’informació. L’estudi d’usabilitat va ser un instrument molt valuós que va facilitar la introducció de millores en l’organització, el disseny i la navegació del lloc web.

Estat de la qüestió sobre l'aplicació dels diferents mètodes d'avaluació de la facilitat d'ús (usability) en el disseny de llocs web de biblioteques universitàries. Es descriu el que entén el món bibliotecari per facilitat d'ús i la seva utilitat per a les biblioteques. L'article se centra en l'anàlisi de la bibliografia existent, tant d'estudis comparatius com d'experiències individuals: els objectius, les metodologies emprades, les qüestions plantejades i els problemes detectats. Es proposa un model de prova de facilitat d'ús amb usuaris. A les conclusions s'observen diferents tendències en els àmbits d'Europa, i dels Estats Units i d'Austràlia.

Abstract Background Over the last few years a decreasing trend in smoking has occurred not only in the general population but also during pregnancy. Several countries have implemented laws requiring all enclosed workplace and public places to be free of second hand smoke (SHS). In Spain, legislation to reduce SHS was implemented in 2005. The present study examines the possible effect of this legislation on prenatal SHS exposure. Methods Mothers and newborns were recruited from 3 independent studies performed in Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) and approved by the local Ethics Committee: 415 participated in a study in 1996-1998, 283 in 2002-2004 and 207 in 2008. A standard questionnaire, including neonatal and sociodemographic variables,tobacco use and exposure during pregnancy, was completed at delivery for all the participants in the three study groups. Fetal exposure to tobacco was studied by measuring cotinine in cord blood by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results 32.8% of the pregnant women reported to smoke during pregnancy in 1996-1998, 25.9% in 2002-2004 and 34.1% in 2008. In the most recent group, the percentage of no prenatal SHS exposure (cord blood cotinine 0.2-1 ng/mL) showed an increase compared to the previous groups while the percentages of both: low (1.1-14 ng/mL) and very high (> 100 ng/mL) prenatal SHS exposure showed a decrease. Discussion The results of the three study periods (1996-2008) demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of newborns free from SHS exposure and a decrease in the percentage of newborns exposed to SHS during pregnancy, especially at the very high levels of exposure. A significant maternal smoking habit was noted in this geographical area with particular emphasis on immigrant pregnant smoking women. Conclusions Our study indicates that there is a significant maternal smoking habit in this geographical area. Our recommendation is that campaigns against smoking should be directed more specifically towards pregnant women with particular emphasis on non-native pregnant smokers due to the highest prevalence of tobacco consumption in the immigrant women.

Abstract Background Drug use during pregnancy is difficult to ascertain, and maternal reports are likely to be inaccurate. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of illicit drug use among pregnant women by using maternal hair analysis. Methods A toxicological analysis of hair was used to detect chronic recreational drug use during pregnancy. In 2007, 347 mother-infant dyads were included from the Hospital La Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). Data on socioeconomic characteristics and on substance misuse during pregnancy were collected using a structured questionnaire. Drugs of abuse: opiates, cocaine, cannabinoids and amphetamines were detected in maternal hair by immunoassay followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for confirmation and quantitation. Results Hair analysis revealed 2.6% positivity for cocaine and its metabolites. Use of cocaine during pregnancy was associated with unusual behaviour with potentially harmful effects on the baby. Conclusions The results of the study demonstrate significant cocaine use by pregnant women in Canary Islands. The data should be used for the purpose of preventive health and policy strategies aimed to detect and possibly to avoid in the future prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse.

Abstract Background Awareness of the negative effects of smoking on children's health prompted a decrease in the self-reporting of parental tobacco use in periodic surveys from most industrialized countries. Our aim is to assess changes between ETS exposure at the end of pregnancy and at 4 years of age determined by the parents' self-report and measurement of cotinine in age related biological matrices. Methods The prospective birth cohort included 487 infants from Barcelona city (Spain). Mothers were asked about maternal and household smoking habit. Cord serum and children's urinary cotinine were analyzed in duplicate using a double antibody radioimmunoassay. Results At 4 years of age, the median urinary cotinine level in children increased 1.4 or 3.5 times when father or mother smoked, respectively. Cotinine levels in children's urine statistically differentiated children from smoking mothers (Geometric Mean (GM) 19.7 ng/ml; 95% CI 16.83–23.01) and exposed homes (GM 7.1 ng/ml; 95% CI 5.61–8.99) compared with non-exposed homes (GM 4.5 ng/ml; 95% CI 3.71–5.48). Maternal self-reported ETS exposure in homes declined in the four year span between the two time periods from 42.2% to 31.0% (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, most of the children considered non-exposed by their mothers had detectable levels of cotinine above 1 ng/mL in their urine. Conclusion We concluded that cotinine levels determined in cord blood and urine, respectively, were useful for categorizing the children exposed to smoking and showed that a certain increase in ETS exposure during the 4-year follow-up period occurred.

To the Editor.-- We read with great interest the paper of Law et al (1) wherein the effects of maternal smoking on newborn neurobehavior was investigated. The authors compared 29 [...]