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Farm tourism shows a structure different from agriculture, forestry, and fishery farm tourism is expanding, labour intensive, generates an influx of money, and maintains the service base in the region. Farm tourism is one of the most important supplementary activities and generates considerable secondary income. This paper present the developed methodology that will enable the ranking of tourist farms based on their service quality. This is accomplished through the use of the expert system based on the DEXi decision-making method. Using DEXi, the multi-criteria decision model for the assessment of farm tourism-s service quality was developed. The model was applied in practice on 7 vacation farms. The data from the questionnaires completed by farm guests and hosts was used as input data in the multi-attribute model and as an arbitrary estimation for the farm. The results of the model are shown as the assessments for individual farms. Out of seven chosen farms, four achieved the best possible estimation. Two of them achieved middle estimation. For the last tourist farm, where a data deficit was present, the model showed two final possible estimations (very good or good and bad - depends on value of missing attributes.

This paper describes a computer vision system based on image processing and machine learning techniques which was implemented for automatic assessment of the tomato seed germination rate. The entire system was built using open source applications Image J, Weka and their public Java classes and linked by our specially developed code. After object detection, we applied artificial neural networks (ANN), which was able to correctly classify 95.44% of germinated seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Članek opisuje sistem računalniškega vida, ki temelji na tehnikah obdelave slik in strojnega učenja, ki je bil izdelan za avtomatsko oceno stopnje kaljenja semen paradižnika. Celoten sistem je bil zgrajen s pomočjo odprtokodnih aplikacij ImageJ, Weka in njihovih javno dostopnih javanskih kod, ki smo jih povezali v lastno originalno razvito kodo. Po odkrivanju predmetov na RGB slikah, smo uporabili umetne nevronske mreže (ANN), ki so bile sposobne pravilno razvrstiti 95,44% nakaljenih semen paradižnika (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the principles of the development of parallel system-dynamics and agent-based models of organic farming for the case of Slovenia. The advantage of agent-based modeling is demonstrated by including geospatial information as an agent attribute. The models were compared by the validation, confirming the appropriate level of similarity. Design/Methodology/Approach: Both system-dynamics and agent-based modeling approaches were applied. Statistical methods were used in the validation. Results: The results of the validation confirm the appropriateness of the proposed agent-based model. Introducing additional attributes into the agent-based model provides an important advantage over the system-dynamics model, which serves as the paradigmatic example. Conclusion: A thorough validation and comparison of the results of the system-dynamics and agent-based models indicates the proper approach to combining the methodologies. This approach is promising, because it enables the modeling of the entire agricultural sector, taking each particular farm into account. Ozadje in namen: Namen pričujoče raziskave je opisati razvoj paralelnega modela, razvitega po principih Sistemske Dinamike in Agentnega modeliranja. Model je razvit za potrebe simulacije prehoda k ekološkemu kmetijstvu na področju Slovenije. Prednost agentnega modeliranja je bila prikazana z vključitvijo geografske informacije kot agentnega atributa. Izvedena je bila primerjava modelov. S pomočjo validacije je bila potrjena visoka stopnja podobnosti izhodnih rezultatov ter primernost pristopa. Oblikovanje/metodologija/pristop: Uporabljeni so bili principi modeliranja Sistemske Dinamike in agentnega modeliranja. Pri izvedbi validacije so bile uporabljene statistične metode. Rezultati: Rezultati validacije so potrdili primernost razvitega agentnega modela. Možnost dodajanja novih atributov v agentnem modelu zagotavlja pomembno prednost pred modeliranjem po principih sistemske dinamike, in hkrati predstavlja paradigmatski primer. Zaključek: Z izvedenim postopkom validacije in primerjavo modela razvitega po principih Sistemske Dinamike in agentnega modeliranja smo potrdili ustreznost razvitih struktur. Predlagani pristop pretvorbe modelov izkazuje ustrezen potencial za nadaljnje delo pri razvoju modela, kjer obravnavamo vsako posamezno kmetijo kot agenta z večjim naborom atributov.

Hierarchical decision models are a general decision support methodology aimed at the classification or evaluation of options that accur in desion-making processes. Decision models are typically developed through the decomposition of complex decision problems into smaller and less comple subproblems. This paper presents an approach to the development and implementation of multicriteria decision model based on Analytical Hierarchy Process - AHP (Expert Choice, EC). Likewise, the AHP is used as a potential multicriteria decision making method for application in agriculture. In order to show the implementation of explained MCDA methods in real situation in agriculture, theapplication of AHP on a sample model farm is presented in the second part of the article. Hijerarhijski modeli odlučivanja su opće prihvaćena metodologija za klasifikaciju alternative, koje se javljaju u procesu odlučivanja. Modeli su razvijeni postupkom dekompozicije problema u manje kompleksne podprobleme. U ovom radu predstavljamo razvoj i implementaciju višekriterijskog modela, koji bazira na analitičkom hijerarhijskom procesu – AHP (Expert Choice. EC). U tom smislu AHP se javlja kao potencijalni metodološki pristup za potporu donošenju odluka u poljoprivrednom managementu. U radu je demonstrirana aplikacija AHP na realnom problemu odlučivanja u poljoprivredi na primjeru modelnog ekološkog gospodarstva.

In decision under uncertainty individual decision makers (farmers) have to choose one of a set number of alternatives with complete information about their outcomes but in the absence of any information or data about the probabilities of the various state of nature. This paper examines a decision making under uncertainty in agriculture. The classical approaches of Wald’s, Hurwicz’s, Maximax, Savage’s and Laplace’s are discussed and compared in case study of oil pumpkin production and selling of pumpkin oil. The computational complexity and usefulness of the criterion are further presented. The article is concluded with aggregate the results of all observed criteria and business alternatives in the conditions of uncertainty, where the business alternative 1 is suggested. Kod odlučivanja u riziku i neizvjesnosti, poljoprivrednik bira između alternativa. Nema informacija o vjerojatnosti pojedinih informacija. U ovom radu predstavljamo primjer odlučivanja u riziku i neizvjesnosti aplikacijom klasičnih metoda, kao što su Waldov, Hurwiczov, Maximax, Savageov i Laplaceov kriterij, na primjeru proizvodnje i prerade uljanih tikva. U radu je predstavljena kompleksnost i korisnost računatih parametara. Rad je zaključen s agregacijom rezultata. Razultati kažu da je najprimjerenija poslovna alternativa 1.

The paper presents the application possibility of "Effect size" and Cohen's-d index in the case of introduction of new milk products on the market. The field and online survey were used to establish the potential interest of finalconsumers for new functional food product of dairy company in Slovenia - milk with phytosterols additives. Two techniques possibilities of Cohen-d index were calculated manual and using the Cohen's-d calculator. Further, the application is focused on two main questions in survey regarding observed problem: 1) Would you buy milk with phytosterols additives, which scientifically proven lowers concentration of cholesterol in blood? 2) Would you pay for it at a higher price? The sample includes 419 surveys, 150 surveyswere conducted on field (control group) and 269 surveys were provided online (experimental group). The Cohenćs-d index (d) results show by using manual and Cohen's-d calculator for both groups "small" effect (d=0.35, i.e. d=0.34 ), and "zero or near zero" effect (d=0.15, i.e.= 0.15) when deciding to buy new milk product. U ovom radu prikazan je primjer mogućosti primjene “Utjecaja veličine” i Cohen-d indeksa u slučaju plasiranja novog mliječnog proizvoda na tržište. Terenska i online anketa korištene su za ocjenjivanje potencijalnog interesa potrošača za kupnju novog, funkcionalnog mliječnog proizvoda u Sloveniji - mlijeko s aditivom fitosterolom. Korišten je izračun za dvije vrste Cohen-d indeksa, ručno i pomoću Cohen’s-d kalkulatora na primjeru dvaju glavnih pitanja: 1) Zainteresirani ste za kupnju mlijeka s aditivom fitosterola, koji znanstveno dokazuje sniženje koncentracije kolesterola u krvi i 2) Spremni ste platiti za taj proizvod veću cijenu? Uzorak obuhvaća 419 anketa, od toga provedeno je 150 anketa na terenu (kontrolna skupina), dok je 269 anketa provedeno online (eksperimentalna skupina). Cohen-d indeks (d) rezultati prikazani su za dva prije spomenuta načina izračuna, “mali” učinak (d=0,35, odnosno d=0,34) i “nula ili blizu nule” učinak (d=0,15, odnosno = 0,15).

This study examined the multi-criteria assessment of four dairy products: "Pomursko mlejko" (Pomurje milk), "Lejko mleko" (light milk), "Fyto mleko" (Fyto milk) and "Posneto mleko v prahu" (dried milk). The research was executed by using a multi-criteria methodology, DEX, which was complemented by an econometric analysis for light milk to estimate the trends in production and consumption before analyzed dairy products were implemented on the market. DEXi computer program results indicated that all analyzed milk products were 'above average'. The econometric model was applied to examine changes in the demand for low-fat milk (light milk). Empirical results showed significant consumer response to the increase in the prices of low-fat milk demonstrating income elasticity (1,15 unit). Multikriterijski pristup ocjenjivanja mliječnih proizvoda u smislu upotrebe DEX bio je nadograđen ekonometrijskom analizom za ocjenjivanje proizvodnih i potrošačkih trendova prije negoli su analizirani proizvodi uvršteni u prodaju. Studija istražuje četiri različita mliječna proizvoda odnosno proizvodne alternative: “Pomursko mlejko”, “Lejko mleko”, “Fyto mleko” i “Posneto mleko v prahu”. Rezultati DEXi analize ukazuju na to da se svi analizirani mliječni proizvodi svrstavaju u kategoriju “iznadprosječni”. Istraživana je mogućnost poboljšanja situacije s mlijekom u prahu preko povećanja njegove distribucijske moći na tržištu, te je pri tome upotrijebljena “what-if‘” (“što-ako”) analiza. U zadnjoj fazi izgrađen je ekonometrijski model za ocjenjivanje promjena u strukturi potraživanja mlijeka s malim postotkom masnoće. Empirijski rezultati pokazali su veliku reakciju kupaca na promjene u cijenama te vrste mlijeka, s relativno visokim vrijednostima elastičnosti potraživanja (1,15 jedinice).

The attention of this paper is drawn to analyze the economic potential of involvement of farmers into the small-medium sized value-based food chain (VBFC). The survey represents a solid data basis from which econometric modelling approach was further developed. Empirical results reveal the positive economic viability on a general level this means more stable purchase price of raw milk for dairy farms, which are the part of value-based food chain. Results point at inelastic demand for milk and milk related products. Furthermore, there are some accompanying and underlying indirect social benefits, such as production of high-quality food products, more stable and constant demand for raw milk, steady payments and better social situation. The last one is especially important for the farms operating in less-favored mountain areas where the survey was actually conducted. Cilj rada je analizirati ekonomske koristi uključenosti poljoprivrednika u male i srednje velike prehrambene lance temeljene na vrijednosti proizvoda. Istraživanjem su prikupljeni podatci pomoću kojih je razvijen ekonometrijski model. Empirijski rezultati pokazuju pozitivne ekonomske koristi. Na općoj razini, to znači stabilniju otkupnu cijenu sirovog mlijeka za mliječne farme koje su dio prehrambenog lanca temeljenog na vrijednosti. Rezultati pokazuju neelastičnu potražnju za mlijekom i proučavanim mliječnim proizvodima. Nadalje, tu se pokazuju i neke društvene koristi, kao što je proizvodnja visokokvalitetnih prehrambenih proizvoda, stabilnija i postojana potražnja za sirovim mlijekom, što u konačnici poljoprivrednicima donosi stabilan prihod i bolju socijalnu situaciju. Posljednje je posebno važno za poljoprivredna gospodarstva u područjima s težim uvjetima gospodarenja gdje je istraživanje i provedeno.