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Drilling muds play an important role in drilling and production operations so that the degree of success in such operations is determined by the proper design of these fluids. To optimize drilling operations and avoid excessive expenditure, it is essential to prepare a drilling mud that is both cheap and efficient. Fluid additives are typically used in drilling systems to improve these fluids' capabilities in terms of hole cleaning capacity, filtration control, viscosity, yield point, heat transfer, etc. However, environmental concerns, cost of production, and availability are always considered challenging factors. This study introduces an eco-friendly herbal fiber in powder and regular forms as a potential alternative to other chemical additives. To do so, Alyssum homolocarpum seed mucilage was added with different concentrations to the water-based drilling muds, and its rheological behavior, filtration control, and the induced formation damage were examined and the optimum concentration was introduced. The results of this study revealed the advantages of the drilling muds formulated with Alyssum in terms of filtration control, rheology, formation damage, and greenness.

To develop a green drilling fluid additive, the modification and application of persimmon peel in a water-based drilling fluid was studied in this work. A natural product derivative, aluminium chloride–persimmon peel (ACPP), was prepared from aluminium chloride and persimmon peel and was assessed as a shale inhibitor. The clay-swelling ratio in 0.30% ACPP-3 solution was reduced to 28.10% from 69.50%. The rolling recovery tests and rheological evaluation of drilling fluids concluded that ACPP-3 has a high inhibition property to montmorillonite-hydrated expansion. ACPP-3 can adjust the particle size of montmorillonite to a large degree. ACPP-3 effectively reduces the apparent viscosity of carboxymethyl cellulose drilling fluids and the volume of filtration; furthermore, ACPP-3 can reduce the viscosity and the volume of filtration under high temperature, which means it can be used as an additive for deep drilling. The inhibition mechanism of ACPP-3 was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results of this scientific research will be beneficial to the eco-friendly drilling fluid materials.

This work explains the production and synthesis of white paint pigment colour from waste titanium dioxide (TiO2). Pigments are widely employed in paper, plastic, and paint production. A white pigment called TiO2 is responsible for about seventy percent of pigments used today. Even though minerals that contain TiO2 within the earth's crust are relatively abundant, the production of virgin TiO2 for industrial application consumes enormous energy and can lead to an environmental problem. Hence, a need arises for the paint industry to seek an alternative to replacing virgin TiO2 pigment that is commonly utilised in formulating paints. This study was conducted to examine the probability of using secondary TiO2 pigments as an alternative to virgin pigments to formulate white paint from industrial waste. In this study, the prospect of using waste TiO2 to formulate white paint pigment in different ratios is compared with the paint industry. The paint industry and TiO2 pigments were characterised by utilising thermo quantitative analysis TGA, XRD, and FTIR analysis. The obtained result showed 20% TiO2 formulated paint provide the best result for the adhesion test that testify the optimum pH and viscosity for the paint with the classification of 3B which is comparable to paint industry performance.

Thermal energy storage system is one type of the system used to store the energy in different industrial applications. Thermal performance of the system is important to analyze when it has been operated with nanofluids. There is lot of energy is wasted from many process which can be utilized for the another process such as to preheat the water. In the present paper, the effect of water based nanofluids is studied to store the energy and results have been compared with base fluid. It was observed the nanofluid have more capacity to store the energy as compared to the base fluid because of it superior thermal transport properties. The pressure drop is also slightly higher than of base fluid. The thermal storage capacity of the system is significantly increased when it has been used with nanofluids as compared to base fluid under the same operating condition.

In this study, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the forced pulsating Al2O3-water nanofluid were numerically studied. The pulsating excitation of the nanofluid is provided by the Helmhertz self-excited oscillating cavity. The large eddy simulation method is used to solve the equation, and the local Nusselt number and heat transfer performance index are used to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of the nanofluid in the self-excited oscillation heat exchange tube. In addition, the effect of different downstream tube diameters on heat transfer enhancement is discussed. The research results show that the existence of the countercurrent vortex can increase the disturbance of the near-wall fluid, thereby improving the mixing degree of the near-wall fluid and the central mainstream. As the countercurrent vortex migrates downstream, pulse enhanced heat transfer is realized. Furthermore, it was also found that when the downstream tube diameter d2 = 1.8d1, the periodic effect of the local Nusselt number of the wall is the best and the heat transfer performance index has the most stable pulsation effect within a pulsation cycle. But when d2 = 2.0d1, the change curve of heat transfer performance index in a pulsating period is the highest, the maximum value is 3.95.

High-pressure injection injuries with paint have long been heralded as a condition requiring timely and aggressive debridement with relatively poor functional outcomes and a significant proportion of patients progressing to require amputation of the involved digit or limb. Catheter irrigation is regularly used in the treatment of common hand infections and wounds. However, this has not been described for the treatment of paint injection injuries. We describe a case of a young painter who sustained an accidental water-based paint injection injury and was successfully treated with minimally invasive surgical debridement augmented by the use of catheter irrigation, despite a delayed presentation. The patient had regained full function of his hand by four months from the index presentation and returned to work. We illustrate how not all high-pressure injection injuries require an extensive incision and that catheter irrigation can be a significant tool to augment a minimally invasive approach.

The present work is an attempt to carry on analytical work on a biodegradable cellulosic material obtained from the fibre of a plant which is scientifically known as Grewia Optiva. In this study, 125 µm particle size of Grewia optiva fibres was used as a filtration loss controlling agent in drilling fluid. The Grewia Optiva mud samples were hot rolled at 100 °C for 16 h and it was observed that the said fibre at 5% concentration (w/v) has reduced the low pressure–low temperature (LPLT) filtration loss of drilling mud by 72.5% under the differential pressure of 100 psi. On further assessment vis a vis comparative analysis with available market products like carboxy methyl cellulose-low viscosity grade (CMC-LVG) and polyanionic cellulose-low viscosity grade (PAC-LVG), it was found that addition of CMC and PAC-dLVG at 1.4% (w/v) in reference mud, the LPLT filtration loss was reduced by 70% and 70.6%, respectively. Use of 5% GOFP in the reference mud, the high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration loss of drilling fluids was reduced by 69.2% at 100 °C temperature and 500 psi pressure. The thickness of filter cake was reduced by 41.1% after the addition of 5% GOFP in the reference mud. While the conventional fluid loss reducing agents such as CMC and PAC, both at 1.4% concentration have reduced the HPHT filtration loss by 63.46% and 64.6%, respectively, as compared to reference mud. This is indicative of a valid filtration loss control potential of Grewia optiva fibre powder.

This article investigates the natural convection heat transfer and inclined magnetic-field effects of a nanofluid past a vertical stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium with a non-uniform hea...

AIM AND OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to monitor the pH stability over a period of 6 months of two-bottle self-etching (SE) primers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercially available two-bottle SE primer solutions, Adhese SE (Ivoclar Vivadent; Schaan, Liechtenstein), Clearfil SE (Kuraray; Tokyo, Japan), Contax Primer (DMG; Hamburg, Germany), and Enabond SE (Micerium; Avegno (Ge), Italy), containing water as the main solvent were selected. The pH values during a 6-month storage period at intermittent temperature were daily measured by means of a microprocessor-based pH/temperature meter and hence recorded, tabulated, and analyzed. RESULTS The mean values of overall pH measurements and standard deviation for Adhese SE, Clearfil SE, Contax Primer, and Enabond SE are, respectively, 1.70 (±0.01), 1.72 (±0.01), 1.20 (±0.01), 1.80 (±0.01). One-way ANOVA did not detect any significant change of the mean pH values of all measurements over time. CONCLUSION The conventional 6-months storage did not affect the pH values of the water-containing primers of two-bottle SE adhesives. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides evidence that conventional storage under adequate conditions did not affect the pH values of the water-containing primers of two-bottle SE adhesives with different monomer formulations. Clinicians may rely on the known pH value of the selected SE adhesive during shelf-life.

Purpose In flexible electronics applications, organic inks are mostly used for inkjet printing. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing technology has the advantages of low cost, high speed and good precision in modern electronic printing. The purpose of this study is to solve the high cost of traditional printing and the pollution emissions of organic ink. It is necessary to develop a water-based conductive ink that is easily degradable and can be 3 D printed. A nano-silver ink printed circuit pattern with high precision, high conductivity and good mechanical properties is a promising strategy. Design/methodology/approach The researched nano-silver conductive ink is mainly composed of silver nanoparticles and resin. The effect of adding methyl cellulose on the ink was also explored. A simple 3 D circuit pattern was printed on photographic paper. The line width, line length, line thickness and conductivity of the printed circuit were tested. The influence of sintering temperature and sintering time on pattern resistivity was studied. The relationship between circuit pattern bending performance and electrical conductivity is analyzed. Findings The experimental results show that the ink has the characteristics of low silver content and good environmental protection effect. The printing feasibility of 3 D printing circuit patterns on paper substrates was confirmed. The best printing temperature is 160°C–180°C, and the best sintering time is 30 min. The circuit pattern can be folded 120°, and the cycle is folded more than 60 times. The minimum resistivity of the circuit pattern is 6.07 µΩ·cm. Methyl cellulose can control the viscosity of the ink. The mechanical properties of the pattern have been improved. The printing method of 3 D printing can significantly reduce the sintering time and temperature of the conductive ink. These findings may provide innovation for the flexible electronics industry and pave the way for alternatives to cost-effective solutions. Originality/value In this study, direct ink writing technology was used to print circuit patterns on paper substrates. This process is simple and convenient and can control the thickness of the ink layer. The ink material is nonpolluting to the environment. Nano-silver ink has suitable viscosity and pH value. It can meet the requirements of pneumatic 3 D printers. The method has the characteristics of simple process, fast forming, low cost and high environmental friendliness.

Background Individuals who participate in outdoor sports are subject to an increased risk of developing skin cancer. To date, there has been no review examining skin cancer and sun protective behaviours specific to outdoor, water based sports. Therefore, this scoping reviews objectives were to (1) summarise volume and type of scientific literature available relating to skin cancer, (2) examine current sun protective behaviours and (3) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research. Method A scoping review was conducted to address the objectives following the PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases were searched; identified studies were screened based on title, abstract and full-text for outdoor water based sports which examined skin cancer and/or sun protective behaviours. Data was extracted, synthesised and critically appraised using a modified AXIS tool. Percentage frequencies were calculated, and key results were placed in tabular or graphical presentation. Results Nine cross sectional studies were identified, all defined as low level evidence. A combined sample of 4,377 participants across six countries and five water based sports showed BCC (71%) was the most common skin cancer, followed by melanoma (18%) and SCC (10%). The head (41%) and upper-limbs (27%) were the most common location. Conclusion This review highlights the minimal research available and demonstrates those in water based sports are at high risk of developing skin cancer. Due to difficulty adhering to sun protective behaviours, the most prevalent location is the upper body. Included studies were of low level evidence, providing opportunity for future research to expand upon the gaps in the current literature.

Many drilling problems are encountered continuously while drilling oil wells in the southern Iraqi oil fields. Many of these problems are ineffectively handled resulting in a longer non-productive time. This study aims to identify the formations such as Dammam, and Hartha formations،diagnose potential problems and provide the solution for lost circulation problem. After conducting a comprehensive study on the subject and based on available data, previous studies and some information, the managed pressure drilling (MPD) method was the best technique to solve this problem. This process may use various techniques including control of back pressures .Thus, reducing the risk and control the costs of drilled wells, which have narrow pressure window by managing the wellbore pressure profile. The well plan software program provided by Halliburton Company was used, this software is based on a database and data structure common to many of Landmark’s drilling applications. Mud used with various injection rates to choose the rate that provides the conditions to achieve the best drilling process, as it using mud weights of (8.8 -8.7 ) ppg and applied a surface back pressure (50 psi). Depending on specifications of second hole the optimal injection rate was chosen using the (hydraulics) program. As a results, rate of water injection (850) gpm, is the best which it provides a good efficient cutting transport ratio (CTR), which means high stability and preventing formation damage in addition to controlling in mud losses

Background: Most available therapeutics to address alopecia are based on singular targets and mechanism of action based on the assumption of sub-classification to reflect morphological or etiological sub-classes such as hereditary vs acquired factors, anti-inflammatory vs. non-inflammatory factors or scarring vs. nonscarring factors. Aims and Objective: Impact of oral consumption of Diabliss Hair Water, a multi-component herbal water supplement (HWS) on hair fall reduction, hair growth, hair density, hair thickness was investigated in a single arm, exploratory, pilot open label clinical study among healthy male and female subjects of age group between 35-50 years, with hair fall and hair thinning concerns. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted under dermatological control and included hair fall by comb test, hair pull test, hair thinning measurement using photo numerical scale (modified Norwood and Ludwig scale) and assessment for hair quality along with the phototrichogram assessment using Trichoscan® with Cutiscope. Results: The Diabliss HWS was efficacious in improving hair growth rate and density as per TrichoScan® assessment, improvement in hair thickness as per Caslite-Nova software. The Diabliss HWS was also efficacious in improving the hair tensile strength (break force by Chatillon Force gauge), reducing hair fall and improving the hair quality. By the end of the study the Diabliss HWS was found to show an improvement in the entire study population in all of the assessments parameters. Dermatologist assessment parameters of hair texture and hair shine also showed improvements in the entire study population. Conclusion: The Diabliss HWS was found to be efficacious in providing hair fall control and hair growth benefits as per the dermatological and instrumental evaluations using TrichoScan®. The product was well tolerated with no product related AE or SAE with regular consumption for 06 months. Keywords: Herbal Supplement, Hair C

An all-dielectric metamaterial absorber based on water resonator encapsulated in resin container is proposed. The absorber can afford the maximum absorption up to 98% at 190 GHz, as well as the wid...

Colon Cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. A large part of the reason the number of fatalities is so high is late detection as when detected in the early stages of development 9 out of 10 cases of colon cancer are non-fatal 5 years after detection. Currently the main method of colon cancer detection are colonoscopies which are highly invasive and time intensive procedures. In this work we propose a new diagnostic technique for colon cancer using an InSb based device that works by a change in the spectral response of the metamaterial when exposed to electromagnetic waves in the terahertz regime and combined with cancerous colon tissue as compared to the response when combined with healthy colon tissue. We attribute this change in spectral response is due to the differing optical properties of the healthy and cancerous colon tissue as well as the creation of surface plasmon polaritons within our device.

A linear stability analysis is performed for the onset of Marangoni convection in a horizontal layer of a nanofluid heated from below and affected by rotation. The top boundary of the layer is assumed to be impenetrable to nanoparticles with their distribution being determined from a conservation condition while the bottom boundary is assumed to be a rigid surface with fixed temperature. The motion of the nanoparticles is characterized by the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion. A modification model is used in which the effects of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are taken into consideration by new expressions in the nanoparticle mass flux. Also, material properties of the nanofluid are modelled by non-constant constitutive expressions depending on nanoparticle volume fraction. The steady-state solution is shown to be well approximated by an exponential distribution of the nanoparticle volume fraction. The Chebyshev-Tau method is used to obtain the critical thermal and nanoparticle Marangoni numbers. Different stability boundaries are obtained using the modified model and the rotation.

The current research demonstrates the revolving flow of water-based Fe3O4 nanofluid due to the uniform rotation of the disc. This flow of nanofluid is investigated using CFD Module in COMSOL Multiphysics. However, the similarity solution for this flow is also obtained after transforming the given equation into a non-dimensional form. In the CFD Module, streamlines and surface plots are compared with the similarity solution for the magnitude of the velocity, radial velocity, tangential velocity, and axial velocity. The results from the direct simulation in the CFD Module and the solution of dimensionless equations represent a similar solution of velocity distribution. The derived results show that increasing the volume concentration of nanoparticles and effective magnetic parameters decrease the velocity distribution in the flow. Results in the CFD Module are important for monitoring the real-time particle tracing in the flow and, on the other hand, the dimensionless solution is also significant for the physical interpretation of the problem. Both methods of solution empower each other and present the physical model without sacrificing the relevant physical phenomena.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:43:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: Resistance training has proven to be an excellent method for counteracting aging physical dysfunctions. However, its application in the liquid environment is not yet fully elucidated. Aim: To investigate the effects of water-based resistance training (WBRT) with the concentric phase performed as fast as possible, compared to conventional resistance training (CRT), on physical functional capacity, muscle strength, and body composition in older women. Methods: Thirteen healthy older women participated in the WBRT and 11 in the CRT. Estimation statistics focused on the effect size of the experiment/intervention were used. We also analyzed the intervention effect based on the percentage delta between WBRT and CRT. Results: The WBRT group showed a negative large effect (d = − 0.922; p = 0.0274) for the timed up and go, and a large effect for chair rise in 30″ and the elbow flex test (d = 1.58; p = 0.0012; d = 2.8; p = 0.01) respectively. Intervention comparisons based on the delta percentage between WBRT and CRT presented an intermediate effect (d = 0.606; p = 0.157) for the stair climb, a large effect (d = 0.988; p = 0.0282) for the timed up and go, and a large negative effect [d = − 1.32 (90.0% CI − 1.92, − 0.646); p = 0.0038] for the elbow flex test. Concentric extensor-flexor peak torque (60°/s) showed an intermediate effect (d = 0.749; p = 0.0876; d = 0.65; p = 0.122 respectively). Body fat (%) demonstrated an intermediate effect (d = 0.523; p = 0.234). Conclusion: WBRT with the concentric phase performed as fast as possible was able to improve physical functional capacity and maximal knee extension strength of older women. Laboratório de Estudo do Desempenho Humano Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otávio. 5614, Coroado Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências do Movimento Humano Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia Universidade Federal do Amazonas Projeto de Extensão Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade Universidade Federal do Amazonas Centro de Estudo e Laboratório de Avaliação e Prescrição de Atividade Motora Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Estudo e Laboratório de Avaliação e Prescrição de Atividade Motora Universidade Estadual Paulista

This paper aims at assessing the use of nanomaterials in painting conservation and in cleaning practices that could be alternative to the traditional ones to overcome the limits of new green materials. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been spread and studied on historical painting surfaces with good results. In particular, the properties of TiO2 nanoparticles have been considered useful for self-cleaning and protective purposes against the accumulation of dirt and dust that represents the first phase in deterioration of historical painting surfaces. TiO2 nanoparticles, prepared in distilled water by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids, were applied on painting mock-ups realized in the laboratory according to old recipes and using historical binders and pigments. The surface characteristics of the painting were investigated by contact angle measurement and by Atomic Force Microscopy. The optical and aesthetical compatibility of the colloidal dispersions with the painting was assessed by spectrophotometry, and then the cleaning efficiency was evaluated by discoloration of a dye under ultraviolet irradiation, at fixed time intervals, using colorimetric technique. Because of the high reactivity of nanoparticles, the possibility of degrading the painting surface, together with the chromatic marker, was examined by colorimetric measurements. The evaluation of the color changes is important for all the materials belonging to cultural heritage, especially painting, for which the color modification induced by protective and/or cleaning interventions could irremediably compromise the work of art.

Purpose The aims of this study is to numerically investigate the thermal phenomena during magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection in an oblique enclosure filled with porous media saturated with Cu–Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid and heated at the left wavy wall. The thermophysical phenomena are explored thoroughly by varying the amplitude (λ) and undulation (n) of the wavy wall and the inclination of the enclosure (γ) along with other pertinent physical parameters. Darcy–Rayleigh number (Ram), Darcy number (Da), Hartmann number (Ha) and nanoparticle volumetric fraction (ϕ). The effect of all parameters has been analyzed and represented by using heatlines, isotherms, streamlines, average Nusselt number and local Nusselt number. Design/methodology/approach The finite volume method is used to work out the transport equations coupled with velocity, pressure and temperature subjected to non-uniform staggered grid structure after grid-sensitivity analysis by an indigenous computing code and the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations (SIMPLE) algorithm. The solution process is initiated following an iterative approach through the alternate direction implicit sweep technique and the tridiagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA) algorithm. The iterative process is continued until successive minimization of the residuals ( Findings This study reveals that the increase in the heating surface area does not always favor heat transfer. An increase in the undulation amplitude enhances the heat transfer; however, there is an optimum value of undulation of the wavy wall for this. The heat transfer enhancement because of the wall curvature is revealed at higher Ram, lower Da and Ha and lower volume fraction of nanoparticles. In general, this augmentation is optimum for four undulations of the wavy wall with an amplitude of λ = 0.3. The heat transfer enhancement can be more at the cavity inclination γ = 45°. Research limitations/implications The technique of this investigation could be used in other multiphysical areas involving partial porous layers, conducting objects, different heating conditions, wall motion, etc. Practical implications This study is to address MHD thermo-fluid phenomena of Cu–Al2O3/water-based hybrid nanofluid flow through a non-Darcian porous wavy cavity at different inclinations. The amplitude and number of undulations of the wavy wall, permeability of the porous medium, magnetic field intensity, nanoparticle volumetric fraction and inclinations of the enclosure play a significant role in the heat transfer process. This analysis and the findings of this work can be useful for the design and control of similar thermal systems/devices. Originality/value Many researchers have examined the problem of buoyancy-induced free convection in a wavy-porous cavity packed with regular fluids or nanofluids. However, the effect of magnetic fields along with the amplitude (λ) at different undulations (n) of the heated wavy wall of an inclined enclosure is not attended so far to understand the transport mechanisms. Most often, the evolutions of the thermo-fluid phenomena in such complex geometries invoking different multiphysics are very intricate. Numerical implementations for simulations and subsequent post-processing of the results are also challenging.

It is repeatedly proved that the application of the radiant heating system is cost-effective. The most energy-efficient solution is the use of gas infrared emitters. In this case, there is no intermediate heating medium, and the heat of combustion of the gas enters the premises. However, this solution has a number of restrictions on the availability of natural gas, comfort, and fire hazard. Also, a highly efficient solution is the use of water infrared emitters, which can be radiant panels or radiant profiles that use an intermediate heating medium but do not have many of the limitations inherent in gas systems. A common problem for all types of radiant heating is the lack of a scientifically grounded and generally accepted engineering methodology for its design. Most of the regulatory documents simply do not take into account the peculiarities of the operation of radiant heating systems and, thus, do not allow a number of its advantages to be realized. This research was carried out based on NNGASU Radiant Heating Laboratory, unique in Russia, and is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of the temperature regime in the premises heated by water infrared emitters, as well as the thermal regime of external enclosing structures in these premises.

Traditional actuators, such as motors as well as hydraulic or pneumatic artificial muscles, demonstrate excessive noise, a heavy weight, and a large size, which limit their practical application in many areas. Therefore, for many decades, scientists have worked to develop new types of silent, small, and light actuators. In this article, a novel soft actuator (actuator

The heat transfer characteristic of nanofluids is tremendously improved by suspending a nano-sized solid particles with a diameter below 20 nm and are considered as prospective working fluids for m...

The present analysis deals with the heat transfer of chemically reactive magnetic-nanofluid over a stretching surface by considering the aligned magnetic field in a porous medium under the influenc...

In recent times, with the advent of exploSration activities in deeper hydrocarbon reserves, drilling of wells in HPHT conditions is one of the most studied field in the upstream oil and gas industry. Water-based fluids are the most common and frequently used drilling fluids oil and gas well construction. Although, water-based drilling fluids are environment friendly and relatively in-expensive, it is often associated with many problems when used in HPHT conditions. In order to overcome these problems in such viable conditions, modified surfactants are used with the mud to counteract the problems associated with it. This paper discusses the different applications of anionic and non-ionic surfactants in water-based drilling fluids both in laboratory and field scales. The paper also discusses the mechanisms of the surfactants and the effect on various mud properties to overcome hole problems like wellbore instability, rheology and filtration loss, foaming and flocculation of mud.

The present study investigates the efficiency of a novel 3D artificially illuminated sono-photocatalytic reactor filled with the suspension of Ti+4 coated Al(OH)3-MWCNT's hybrid nanofluid in removing toxic fragments from the industrial wastewater. Within 40 min of reaction time, the synergistic effect of sonication induced photocatalysis achieved 99 percent dye degradation. Using response surface methodology (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods, the behaviour of the process in terms of reactor independent variables on dye removal was investigated and optimised. Both approaches proved to have a very good performance in modelling of the process and from RSM model, the optimum experimental conditions were at 0.5 vol% nanofluid concentration, 60 °C nanofluid temperature, and 60 min reaction time. Besides that, a quadratic polynomial equation (R 2 = 0.984) well describes the equilibrium data. Furthermore, the study of variance (ANOVA) approach revealed that the input parameters and their interactions had a substantial impact on the response variable. With an R 2 value of 0.999, the engineered multilayer perceptron ANN successfully validated the experimental findings. Given the significant improvement in photocatalytic degradation of industrial wastewater, the current research can be viewed as a promising pre-treatment step for producing low toxic intermediates.

The wear behaviors of 4145H drilling tool steel in water-based slurries were investigated under the conditions of various concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, and SiC sands using a modified ASTM B611 rub...