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Background: Skin diseases constitute a significant burden in the pediatric age group and demand a separate evaluation from adult dermatoses as both vary in mode of presentation, prognosis, and line of treatment. Objective: To evaluate the histopathologic spectrum of skin biopsies in pediatric noninfectious inflammatory diseases pediatric inflammatory diseases and its correlation with clinical findings. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study that included a total of 140 skin biopsies of noninfectious inflammatory dermatoses in children aged up to 18 years. The clinical differential diagnoses were compared with histopathologic diagnoses; concordance and discordance were calculated. Results: Of the 140 patients, histopathologic diagnoses of 109 (77.9%) patients were concordant with the clinical diagnoses, whereas 23 (16.4%) showed discordance, among which 18 (78.3%) showed major discordance, while the remaining five (21.7%) cases had minor discordance. The remaining eight (5.7%) cases were inconclusive. Conclusion: Histopathology is still the best tool for diagnosis in the majority of pediatric inflammatory dermatoses. Effective communication between the clinician and the pathologist and thorough clinical correlation enhances the value of the skin biopsies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale for Review Travel-related skin problems are a common reason for healthcare consultations. We present a clinical approach to diagnosing skin diseases in travellers, emphasizing clinical examination and epidemiological clues such as travel history, incubation time and at-risk behaviours. Key Findings Skin problems or manifestations of systemic infections are the third most common health issue encountered by travellers, though their causes and frequency may vary based on the season and destination. The four most frequent skin conditions affecting travellers include arthropod bites, sunburns, hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) and bacterial skin and soft tissue infections. Dengue fever is the leading cause of febrile exanthema in travellers returning from Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, while hookworm-related CLM is the most common cause of creeping dermatitis. Notable travel-related infections associated with pruritus include cercarial dermatitis, scabies, creeping dermatitis and urticaria. Acute schistosomiasis is the most common parasitic cause of acute urticaria in travellers. African tick-bite fever is the most frequently encountered rickettsiosis, typically presenting with single or multiple eschars. Conclusions Diagnostic approaches emphasize the importance of travel history, at-risk activities during travel and lesion distribution. At-risk activities include sun exposure, walking barefoot, exposure to sea and fresh water, hiking in forested or jungle areas, exposure frequency to mosquitoes and sandflies, poor hygiene and food intake, drug history and sexual behaviour. Morphological characteristics (vesicula, bullae, pustule, papule, nodule, plaque, oedema and ulcer), distinguishing between single and multiple skin lesions, localized or generalized, and whether mucosa, scalp, palmar or plantar surfaces are affected, provide further clinical clues. Systemic signs and symptoms such as fever and pruritus will aid in the differential diagnosis algorithms. With a thorough clinical assessment and knowledge of geographic and exposure-related risk factors, the differential diagnosis of travel-associated skin conditions can be narrowed down allowing for timely clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamic acid and its natural derivatives were primarily used in cosmetics as fragrance materials as well as skin and hair conditioners. Nowadays, not only natural but also synthetic cinnamic acid derivatives are used as active ingredients of cosmetic formulations. They still serve as fragrance ingredients but also as active ingredients supporting the treatment of selected dermatoses such as acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, and hyperpigmentation. They are also commonly used in anti-aging cosmetic formulations. On the other hand, several cinnamic acid derivatives used as fragrances in cosmetic products are classified as potential allergens which can cause contact dermatitis. The main mechanisms of action proved for various cinnamic acid derivatives include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antimelanogenic properties. Most commonly used cinnamic acid derivatives in cosmetics products are hydroxy acids such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid. Chemical synthesis led to several modified acids, esters, and amides, which also showed the potential to be used in cosmetic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric patients on chemotherapy suffer from various dermatoses due to immunosuppression or due to cutaneous adverse effects of chemotherapy. There is a paucity of literature from our country about the pattern of dermatoses in these patients. Objectives: This study has been conducted to know the pattern of dermatological manifestations in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: All patients who attended the outpatient department of the division of pediatric hemato-oncology of our hospital and who were diagnosed with hematological and solid organ malignancy were screened. Those children whose guardians were willing to give consent and who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The design of the study was cross-sectional. At the visit, demographic data, drug history, and history of any chronic disease were collected. The diagnosis of mucocutaneous manifestations was made by the dermatologist mainly on clinical findings. Special investigations such as potassium hydroxide mount for fungus and Tzanck smear were done in few patients when indicated. Results: A total of 76 patients were enrolled in the study. The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 18 years with the mean age (years ± standard deviation) being 8.27 ± 4.24 years. A total of 8 patients (10.5%) had fungal infections. Ten patients (13.1%) had viral infections and six (7.9%) patients had bacterial skin infections. Generalized xerosis was the most common cutaneous manifestation which was seen in 13 patients (17.1%), followed by generalized hyperpigmentation, injection site reactions, and nevi (≤10 in number) in 10 patients (13.2%) each. In mucosal findings, mucositis was the most common manifestation seen in 13 patients (17.1%). In hair changes, anagen effluvium was the most common finding seen in 30 patients (39.5%). Discussion: Mucocutaneous findings are common in pediatric patients on chemotherapy. Prompt diagnosis and treatment reduce morbidity and improve the quality of life in these patients. Conclusion: Mucocutaneous findings are common in pediatric patients on chemotherapy due to cutaneous adverse effects of chemotherapy and immunosuppression.

Background Skin diseases constitute a significant burden in the pediatric age group and demand a separate evaluation from adult dermatoses as both vary in mode of presentation, prognosis, and line of treatment. Objective To evaluate the histopathologic spectrum of skin biopsies in pediatric noninfectious inflammatory diseases pediatric inflammatory diseases and its correlation with clinical findings. Patients and methods This was a retrospective study that included a total of 140 skin biopsies of noninfectious inflammatory dermatoses in children aged up to 18 years. The clinical differential diagnoses were compared with histopathologic diagnoses; concordance and discordance were calculated. Results Of the 140 patients, histopathologic diagnoses of 109 (77.9%) patients were concordant with the clinical diagnoses, whereas 23 (16.4%) showed discordance, among which 18 (78.3%) showed major discordance, while the remaining five (21.7%) cases had minor discordance. The remaining eight (5.7%) cases were inconclusive. Conclusion Histopathology is still the best tool for diagnosis in the majority of pediatric inflammatory dermatoses. Effective communication between the clinician and the pathologist and thorough clinical correlation enhances the value of the skin biopsies

Introduction: In dermatology, there are more than 2,000 entities, some of which affect an individual of any age group at a given moment without distinction of race or sex. The last report in The Global Burden of Disease (2014) revealed that the prevalence of dermatoses in general ranged between 30% and 70%. Objec-tive:Determine the prevalence and factors associated with der-matoses in adults ≥ 18 years in areas of influence of the Medical Doctors in Social Service of the National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), November 2017–November 2018. Methods:Transversal descriptive study with association analysis, carried out in the 18 departments of Honduras, included the adult popula-tion ≥ 18 years old in the geographical areas of influence of 254 Doctors in Social Service. The sampling was multistage random, assigning each one 50 ± 2 adults over 18 years of age, total sample of 12,775 adults. An interview was applied, performing univariate and bivariate analysis, prevalence ratio and 95% CI, with values of p

Disruption of the structure and function of the vulvovaginal epithelium in women of reproductive age is accompanied by impaired sexual function and a decrease in the quality of life. This review analyses research on the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) for women of reproductive age with conditions and diseases manifesting as vulvovaginal atrophy. HA is involved in various physiological processes, including tissue regeneration, cell migration and proliferation during inflammation, and helps maintain water balance and tissue integrity. Local therapy with HA is effective in treating the symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy in women of reproductive age associated with hypoestrogenism, both as a monotherapy and in combination with other treatments. It improves sexual function and quality of life, helping women to improve their sexual lives and living standards.

Xanthohumol (XN), representing the group of chalcones, is a hydroxyl and superoxide free radical scavenger. It also has antimicrobial properties, showing antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. XN exerts an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase (it hinders the oxidation of l-tyrosine and l-DOPA). However, it also affects the transport of pigment (through a reduction in the number and length of dendrites) and its degradation (through damage to melanosomes). Additionally, it has been shown to inhibit the different activation pathways of the premeditated response in macrophages and reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Xanthohumol also improves skin elasticity by reducing the activity of elastase and MMP 1, 2 and 9, and it increases the expression of type I, III and V collagen, as well as elastin and fibrillins in skin fibroblasts. It acts against the main factors contributing to the pathogenesis of acne by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β and TNF-α). Moreover, it shows antibacterial activity against P. acnes and S. aureus, as well as seboregulatory and antioxidant properties. It has also been recognized that XN intake could affect diabetic wound healing. XN shows antitumoral activity, e.g., in the case of skin melanoma, which is associated with the antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and immunostimulating effects of this compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the frequency of different dermatoses in patients undergoing biopsy for a definitive diagnosis at a tertiary care hospital. Methods A total of 352 patients of both genders (who required biopsy for definitive diagnosis), 12 to 70 years of age were included. Patients with previous history of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were excluded. Biopsy was performed after taking consent from the patient or the guardian. Detailed examination of skin was performed for each patient, histopathological evaluation was done and recorded on predesigned proforma (attached). Frequency of various dermatoses were recorded as per-operational definition. Results Frequency of eczema dermatitis was found in 115 (32.67%) patients, papulosquamous disorders like psoriasis in 27 (7.67%), Infectious skin diseases like leishmania in 22 (38.54%), drug reaction in 18 (5.11%) and others diagnosis in 170 (48.30%) patients. Conclusion This study concluded that there should be early recognition and management of these disease in order to improve the quality of life of these particular patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the effect of seasonal variations in adult dermatoses at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Methods It was an observational study, conducted in Dermatology outdoor of Services Hospital Lahore. All patients of both genders above 15 years of age were included in this study. The pattern of dermatoses was assessed in four seasons i.e. winter, spring, summer and autumn. The data were analyzed using SPSS vs. 20. Role of effect modifiers was analyzed using Chi Square test. Results Total 6822 adults were managed in OPD. Infections (24.4%) were the commonest group of dermatoses, followed by infestations (17.2%) and eczemas (14.7%). Most of the cases in all categories of dermatoses were seen during summer season (42.1%), especially infections and infestations, followed by autumn (24.43%), spring (17.47%) and winter (16.02%). The difference of patterns among dermatoses was statistically significant (p value 0.00). Scabies was the commonest dermatosis (16.03%) followed by acne (9.08%) and hand eczema (5.98%). Conclusion Seasons have a significant impact on pattern of adult dermatoses reflecting aetiopathogenic role in causation of these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, mask wearing was obligatory in many countries to decrease infection risk among individuals. However, long-term mask wearing was associated with the development of various adverse skin reactions. Objective: To assess possible dermatological complications due to mask wear during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among a sample of the Egyptian population. Patients and methods: The present hospital-based cross-sectional study included 320 patients who had attended outpatient dermatology clinic of the university hospitals with any dermatological symptoms. Patients wore face surgical masks during the pandemic for at least 3 months during outdoor activity. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking about onset, duration of the skin condition, whether an initial attack or pre-existing condition, and complete dermatological examination to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate severity level. Results: This study showed that long‐term mask use caused new-onset skin diseases and increased dermatological facial diseases. The most common skin finding was Maskne (46.9%), followed by contact dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, and rosacea (14.1, 9.4, and 7.8%, respectively), while the remaining 21.9% were complaining of nonmask-related dermatoses. There was a significant positive correlation between mask-wearing duration and disease severity (P <0.001). Conclusion: Prolonged mask wearing could induce new-onset skin diseases and exacerbate chronic pre-existing conditions such as acne, contact dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, and rosacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Survey of pre-school and school children is a useful yardstick for identification of infective dermatoses as early as possible and to prevent the upcoming epidemics among the community. Except for few hospital-based studies, there are no studies among pre-school children in community level including ICDS centres. Hence, we took an initiative for this study which has its implications on various health care policies and services catered to the children. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children of 3 to 5 years of age attending ICDS centres in urban Tirunelveli over a period of 2 months (2018). A sample size of 405 was chosen from 23 centres by stratified random sampling. The screening and clinical diagnosis of dermatoses was made. Descriptive statistical analysis was followed. Results: A total of 405 children (204 boys & 201 girls) were screened and the prevalence of skin disorders was 8.14% (n=33). Infectious, non-infectious and nutritional deficiency disorders accounted for 2.46%, 4.7% and 0.98% respectively. Among infections and non-infectious dermatoses, pityriasis versicolor and papular urticaria was the commonest respectively. Interpretation& conclusions: Infectious dermatoses were in low numbers compared to non-infectious dermatoses reflecting the non-contagious environment. Absence of nutritional dermatoses and good hygiene reflect the well programmed health services and nutritional support provided to children in this part of Tamil Nadu.

Introduction The environment in which the sports enthusiast participates may influence the dermatoses that develop. Skin dermatoses are a significant health problem among athletes, especially swimmers, exposed to long-term contact with water and chemicals used in swimming pools. The use of appropriate diagnostic and preventive strategies, such as functional sports clothing, prevention before the occurrence or rapid diagnosis, can significantly reduce the risk of these diseases. Aim The aim of this article is to discuss the main approaches to the diagnosis of dermatoses in swimmers, their prevention and treatment. Materials and methods The review was based on the analysis of materials collected in the Google Scholar and,, PubMed’’. The following keywords were entered during the search for scholarly articles: dermatoses, swimmers, skin infections, xerosis, sport. A total of 48 articles were considered for the study and verified for their relevance to the topic. State of knowledge Dermatoses in swimmers are the result of a combination of several factors, including impaired skin barrier, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, contact dermatitis, sun-related conditions or acne mechanica. Chemical agents such as chlorine used to disinfect swimming pool water may irritate the skin, causing contact dermatitis. Moreover, mechanical factors, such as skin friction against swimming equipment, and a humid environment leads to fungal and bacterial infections, combined with contact with allergens, e.g. latex, may lead to irritation, hives or other allergic reactions. Summary (Conclusions) Swimmers require a comprehensive approach that combines precise diagnostics with effective preventive measures. Proper skin care is crucial, including the use of emollients, protective creams and quick removal of chlorine residues from the body surface after training.

Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, mask wearing was obligatory in many countries to decrease infection risk among individuals. However, long-term mask wearing was associated with the development of various adverse skin reactions. Objective To assess possible dermatological complications due to mask wear during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among a sample of the Egyptian population. Patients and methods The present hospital-based cross-sectional study included 320 patients who had attended outpatient dermatology clinic of the university hospitals with any dermatological symptoms. Patients wore face surgical masks during the pandemic for at least 3 months during outdoor activity. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking about onset, duration of the skin condition, whether an initial attack or pre-existing condition, and complete dermatological examination to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate severity level. Results This study showed that long‐term mask use caused new-onset skin diseases and increased dermatological facial diseases. The most common skin finding was Maskne (46.9%), followed by contact dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, and rosacea (14.1, 9.4, and 7.8%, respectively), while the remaining 21.9% were complaining of nonmask-related dermatoses. There was a significant positive correlation between mask-wearing duration and disease severity (P

The aim of this work is to determine the variability and significance of motivating and provoking factors associated with the uncontrolled use of topical glucocorticosteroids, psychological features of this condition. Materials and methods. 50 patients with exacerbation of inflammatory dermatoses after long-term topical application of drugs with glucocorticosteroids as an active substance were examined. The key diagnostic measures were a clinical examination, an anamnesis collection with clarification of the activity class of the used agent, duration and potential reason for its systematic or periodic use. Assessment of the psycho-emotional state in relation to self-perception of one’s own body was carried out using the dermatological version of the dysmorphic disorder questionnaire – BDDQ-DV. Results. The main pathology for which patients of both sexes used this group of drugs were rosacea, perioral dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis. Taking into account anamnestic data, the mean duration of application of topical corticosteroids in creams, ointments or lotions was 10.25 ± 3.50 months for women and 8.3 ± 1.6 months for the male cohort. Most patients received information about the need to use a topical steroid from acquaintances / friends and pharmacists. The most frequent pharmacological agent was betamethasone dipropionate. Analyzing the psychopathological aspect of the studied group, dysmorphic manifestations are prevalent and the most well argued. 32 individuals (64 %) from the cohort met the criteria for concern about the body or its parts. Conclusions. Regional clinical features of steroid-induced dermatoses, which are mostly represented by chronic inflammatory conditions located in aesthetically significant areas, have been determined. 64 % of patients with steroid-induced dermatoses develop a psychopathological profile. An important aspect remains the necessity to raise the awareness of medical, pharmaceutical workers, and the public about the need and correct use of topical corticosteroids.

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Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) one of the most common chronic disease in Europe, can affect every part of the body including the skin. Metabolic changes during the progress of diabetes mellitus, influence the occurence of various dermatoses such as Acanthosis nigricans, Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, bullosis diabeticorum, eruptive xanthomatosis and diabetic dermopathy. On the other hand, there are allergic skin reactions as a consequence of insulin infusion, diabetic pills treatment and using diabetic devices like insulin pumps and glucose monitors that can improve patiens glycemic control and their quality of life. Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to present skin manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus patients. The importance of early detection skin changes and its significance are also analysed. Material and methods: We searched electronic databases, using keywords such as „Diabetes Mellitus", „ Skin dermatoses assosiated with diabetes mellitus „ and „Acanthosis Nigricans". Conclusions: Human skin is a reflection of the processes that take place in the body. The characteristc dermatoses that appear on it, can be a clue for the doctor and help him in the diagnostic process and proper control of diabetes. Technological progress has led to the develompent of specialized devices to control the glycemia of patients, however, this is often associated with the deterioration in the well-being of patients and the benefits of treatment, by reverse allergic skin reactions to contact with the equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dermatoses are a common problem among athletes due to exposure to various chemical substances, close skin contact with other individuals and higher risk of abrasions and skin trauma. Dermatoses affecting athletes may be divided to inflammatory, infectious and mechanical dermatoses. Due to various presentations, athletes should not neglect any lesions on their skin and should seek medical help. Physicians must remember about thorough examination including skin, to check if athletes can exercise and participate in sport events. Purpose of work: The aim of this article is to emphasize the association between dermatoses and sport activities, including the necessity of their proper diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods: Articles in Pubmed database were researched using following keywords: dermatoses among athletes, sport dermatoses, infections among athletes, exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Conclusions: Skin diseases may affect athletes’ performance and require them to cease professional training and close contact with other athletes. Physicians must remember the necessity of an accurate diagnosis and prompt initiation of the treatment to avoid delay in practice, team training and competitions.

Background: In line with the World Health Organization's (WHO) campaign to improve community dermatology services, research on the spectrum of pediatric skin diseases is crucial for both patients and policymakers. Identifying the spectrum of pediatric skin conditions among children visiting the Khartoum Dermatological Hospital's outpatient dermatology clinic was the goal of this study. Methods: Over six months, a prospective cross-sectional study including children (0-18 years old) was undertaken. Once the pertinent medical history and examinations were gathered, dermatologists made the diagnosis. Skin conditions were divided into several categories. The analysis of the data was done with the SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 320 children, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1, were enrolled. Ten categories with 38 different skin diseases were established after diagnosis. Infections in 152 (47.5%), eczematous disorders in 89 (27.8%), and appendageal disorders in 19 (5.93%) children were the most prevalent conditions by group. Impetigo (37.5%), scabies (10.9%), and seborrheic dermatitis (10.6%) were the most frequently seen diseases. These illnesses most commonly afflicted the areas of the limbs (30%), face (20%), and scalp (18.7%). Papules in 148 (46%) and scales in 74 (23%) children were the most prevalent primary and secondary efflorescence, respectively. A clinical diagnosis was made in the majority (266 [83.1%]) of the cases. Conclusion: The most frequently observed group was infection. This demonstrates how crucial it is to maintain good personal and family hygiene, minimize overcrowded spaces, and promoting public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) is a rare form of drug-induced dermatoses that appears as well-defined, erythematous patches occurring within hours of medication’s administration with or without blistering and resolves with post-inflammatory residual hyperpigmentation. Case presentation A 50-year-old male patient visited the outpatient department with chief complaints of burning micturition, increased urine frequency, and high-grade fever with chills lasting three days. Blood and urine investigations indicated leukocytosis and remnants of pus cells, respectively, confirming the diagnosis of urinary tract infection intervened with a tablet ofloxacin. Two hours after drug consumption, intense itching was noticed over the body, which soon progressed to blackening discoloration; blisters developed with a burning sensation over the webs of the palm and on the arm, with hyperpigmentation of the lower lip. Furthermore, painful patches with serous discharge developed in the oral cavity and penile tip. He had encountered a similar episode seven years before, which confirmed the diagnosis of fixed drug eruption (FDE). Immediate treatment included injectable steroids, antihistamines, cephalosporin antibiotics, and intravenous fluids with discontinuation of the ofloxacin drug. He adhered well to the treatment and had a remarkable improvement after 72 hours with residual hyperpigmentation, following which, the patient was advised to avoid similar medicine in the future to prevent a recurrence. Conclusions This case report concludes that the adverse drug reactions should be considered mandatorily with antibiotic audits on a regular basis to ensure that the course of treatment is appropriate and adequate, and any inappropriate reaction should be reported immediately. The rationality of the treatment and inappropriate prescriptions must be reported.

This review summarizes the most prevalent dermatologic conditions encountered by runners and provides evidence-based recommendations for prevention and management. Due to high levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure, friction forces, specific environment of the activity and used garment runners are at the risk of various dermatologic complications, including skin neoplasms. Sun protection measures, such as applying sunscreen with sufficient SPF, wearing photoprotective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours, are crucial for mitigating this risk. Friction-related injuries like blisters, calluses, and jogger's nipples are common among runners and can be prevented through proper footwear, moisture management, and lubrication. Educational interventions promoting safety practices are necessary to raise awareness and encourage behavioural change among runners.

INTRODUCTION: The face, or countenance, extends superiorly from the adolescent position of hairline, inferiorly to the chin and the base of mandible and on each side to the auricle. The wellbeing of the human psyche and our self-regard often seems dependent on what we perceive is an attractive facial appearance. Apart from the visibility of facial skin and the major impact it has on the psychological wellbeing of the individual, one of the major reasons for the special nature of facial dermatoses is that, the facial skin differs markedly from the skin of the other regions of the body. This makes the facial dermatoses stand apart, both in terms of the clinical presentation as well as therapeutic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of skin and VD, SCB medical College and Hospital, Cuttack. The cases presented in the study were young female patients attending with features of facial dermatoses. All young adult female patients presenting with complaints of facial dermatosis. A detailed clinical history including onset and evolution of lesion, socio-economic factors, and environment in which the patients were living was noted. A thorough clinical examination, dermoscopy and relevant laboratory investigations if needed were done. The data thus collected was entered into a specially designed case record and subjected two statistical analyses like proportion, Chi-Square test and independent 't-test. RESULTS: Contact dermatitis 105(75%) was the most common eczematous disorder in this group, followed by seborrheic dermatitis 33(23.5%) and atopic dermatitis 2(1.5%). Most of the patients of contact dermatitis group were belonging to mid-economic status (49.5%) and cosmetic products 49 (46.6%) constituting major culprit followed by sindoor (16.19%). Pruritus was the most common symptom observed in majority of the patients. Total no of cases observed in this group was 32. Among them milia constituting maximum no of cases 13 (40.06%) followed by xanthelasma palpebrarum 8 (25%). Xanthelasma palpebrarum was observed in 8 cases. Most of them belong to the age group of 31-35 years (75%). History of diabetes mellitus was observed in 3 cases and family history was associated with 2 cases. CONCLUSION: This study was undertaken to assess the various dermatoses affecting the face and their different presentations among young adult females. Compared with other skin disorders early identification and characterization of facial skin disorders were difficult. Many of the studies explained individual dermatoses of face. To conclude, a study with a wider and larger population is necessary to understand the epidemiology of facial dermatoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azelaic acid (AZA) is a naturally occurring saturated dicarboxylic acid whose topical application has found multiple uses in dermatology. Its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against Propionibacterium acne are currently used in the treatment of various types of acne such as rosacea and acne vulgaris. AZA is an inhibitor of tyrosinase, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and DNA synthesis, and is a scavenger of harmful free radicals and inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils. Interestingly, AZA also has anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells. To date, its inhibitory effect on melanocytes has been mainly used, making it widely used in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Commercially available topical formulations with cosmetic and drug status contain 5% to 20% AZA in the form of gels and creams. The use of liposomal technology allows greater control over the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the formulations. When applied topically, AZA is well tolerated, and side effects are limited to generally mild and transient local skin irritation. Importantly, liposomal technology has enabled the drug to penetrate all layers of the skin while maintaining a very high accumulation of the active ingredient. This solution could be revolutionary for the treatment of skin cancer, where until now the main obstacle was poor absorption through the skin, making the treatment require multiple applications to maintain long-term activity levels. In this review, we will present the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics of AZA. We will summarize its use in the treatment of dermatoses and its potential in skin cancer therapy. We will provide an overview of the preparations available on the market, taking into consideration technologies used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Topical corticosteroids are currently the primary drugs to treat several dermatological disorders. But they are misused for various indications such as acne, pigmentation, fungal infection, and pruritus, and many times as a cosmetic or a skin cream for any type of rash. This study is performed to compare the magnitude of adverse events between practitioner-prescribed and self-prescribed groups of patients. In addition, this study also focuses on the demographic and educational status of patients where topical steroids are most widely misused. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional, hospital-based observational study conducted in the Department of Dermatology in collaboration with the Department of Pharmacology, KIMS, Bhubaneswar. A total of 134 patients were enrolled after getting the informed consent for the study, and assessed based on their topical steroid misuse and their adverse effects. Results: The present study showed that steroid misuse was most common between 20 and 30 years of age group patients with low educational status. The most commonly applied steroid was clobetasol followed by mometasone and steroid abuse was more common in self-prescribed patients than physician-prescribed patients. The economic burden was more in the case of people using steroid cream only or steroid + anti-fungal creams because they have to be applied over a large body surface area. Incidence of adverse effects was observed more in self-prescribed patients and with low educational status. Conclusion: This study highlights the fact that self-medication increases the incidence of adverse reactions and economic burden on the patients. Continuous education of patients and strict regulations regarding over-the-counter sales of steroids may help decrease the incidence of steroid misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) one of the most common chronic disease in Europe, can affect every part of the body including the skin. Metabolic changes during the progress of diabetes mellitus , influence the occurence of various dermatoses such as Acanthosis nigricans, Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, bullosis diabeticorum, eruptive xanthomatosis and diabetic dermopathy. On the other hand, there are allergic skin reactions as a consequence of insulin infusion, diabetic pills treatment and using diabetic devices like insulin pumps and glucose monitors that can improve patiens glycemic control and their quality of life. Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to present skin manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus patients. The importance of early detection skin changes and its significance are also analysed. Material and methods: We searched electronic databases, using keywords such as „Diabetes Mellitus” , „ Skin dermatoses assosiated with diabetes mellitus „ and „Acanthosis Nigricans” Conclusions: Human skin is a reflection of the processes that take place in the body. The characteristc dermatoses that appear on it, can be a clue for the doctor and help him in the diagnostic process and proper control of diabetes. Technological progress has led to the develompent of specialized devices to control the glycemia of patients, however, this is often associated with the deterioration in the well-being of patients and the benefits of treatment ,by reverse allergic skin reactions to contact with the equipment.

Cutaneous manifestations of hematologic malignancy represent both a clinical challenge for the treating physician and a pathophysiological model for advancing the knowledge on individual neoplasms. Indeed, a growing body of evidence supports the concept of recurrent molecular defects associating with specific clinical features, as best exemplified by VEXAS. Herein neutrophilic and eosinophilic dermatoses of potential interest for both hematologists and dermatologists will be reviewed, including subcorneal pustular dermatosis-type IgA pemphigus, neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis, Sweet’s syndrome as well as myelodysplasia cutis and VEXAS, pyoderma gangrenosum, eosinophilic annular erythema, eosinophilic dermatosis of hematological malignancy, Wells syndrome and cutaneous involvement in hypereosinophilic syndromes. Possible management approaches are discussed for each, emphasizing scenarios that require treatment of the underlying condition to achieve remission at the skin level.

Introduction : Le présent travail est particulièrement orienté dans la formulation d’un lait antimicrobien à base de plante médicinale dans le but de valoriser celle-ci. Aussi de traiter des affections cutanées à partir de substances naturelles qui sont jugées moins agressives pour la peau. Méthodologie : Pendant cette étude, l’extrait éthanolique 70 % de Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) a été incorporé dans un lait. Le lait obtenu a été stable, homogène, onctueux et s’écoulait facilement. Ensuite, ce lait a été testé sur les affections cutanées (dermatoses). Résultats : Les résultats ont révélé que ce lait antimicrobien avait une bonne activité antimicrobienne car son action a permis de traiter les différentes pathologies cutanées (dartre, teigne, acnés) avec une amélioration de la partie de la peau traitée des patients. Conclusion : Ce lait peut être une source indéniable pour la mise au point des médicaments traditionnels améliorés (MTA) contre les dermatoses. Mots clés : Introduction : Le présent travail est particulièrement orienté dans la formulation d’un lait antimicrobien à base de plante médicinale dans le but de valoriser celle-ci. Aussi de traiter des affections cutanées à partir de substances naturelles qui sont jugées moins agressives pour la peau. Méthodologie : Pendant cette étude, l’extrait éthanolique 70 % de Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) a été incorporé dans un lait. Le lait obtenu a été stable, homogène, onctueux et s’écoulait facilement. Ensuite, ce lait a été testé sur les affections cutanées (dermatoses). Résultats : Les résultats ont révélé que ce lait antimicrobien avait une bonne activité antimicrobienne car son action a permis de traiter les différentes pathologies cutanées (dartre, teigne, acnés) avec une amélioration de la partie de la peau traitée des patients. Conclusion : Ce lait peut être une source indéniable pour la mise au point des médicaments traditionnels améliorés (MTA) contre les dermatoses.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can be a component of a collision tumor in which the skin cancer is present at the same cutaneous site as either a benign tumor or a malignant neoplasm. However, BCC can also concurrently occur at the same skin location as a non-neoplastic cutaneous condition. These include autoimmune diseases (vitiligo), cutaneous disorders (Darier disease), dermal conditions (granuloma faciale), dermal depositions (amyloid, calcinosis cutis, cutaneous focal mucinosis, osteoma cutis, and tattoo), dermatitis, miscellaneous conditions (rhinophyma, sarcoidal reaction, and varicose veins), scars, surgical sites, systemic diseases (sarcoidosis), systemic infections (leischmaniasis, leprosy and lupus vulgaris), and ulcers. The relationship between the BCC and the coexisting non-neoplastic condition may be coincidental or possibly related to the development of the BCC; alternatively, the development of the BCC may be unrelated to the coexisting non-neoplastic conditions and secondary to either a Koebner isomorphic response or a Wolf isotopic response in an immunocompromised district of skin. This paper reviews several of the case reports and studies that describe the association of BCC with these non-neoplastic cutaneous conditions.

Background: Vulval dermatoses can have various presentations from being asymptomatic to showing a chronic associated disability. It is difficult to evaluate and manage the genital dermatoses owing to the physical disease expression and its multifactorial nature which severely affects the quality of life in affected subjects. Aim: The present clinical study was aimed to study the sociodemographic and clinical pattern in vulval dermatoses and its impact on quality of life with DLQI (dermatology life quality index). Methods: The study assessed female subjects from all age groups having vulval lesions. Depending on the site assessed, lesions were categorized as oro-genital and skin lesions, oro-genital lesions, genital and skin lesions, and genital lesions alone. DLQI questionnaire was used to assess DLQI scores and quality of life. Results: Among 260 subjects, the majority of the participants were in the age range of 31-40 years with 33.8% (n=88) subjects, were illiterate 49.61% (n=129), housewives 82.69% (n=215), and married with 91.92% (n=239) study subjects respectively. In the majority of study subjects, the chief complaint reported was itching in 43.07% (n=112) of study subjects. The vulval dermatoses were most commonly diagnosed as infections followed by inflammatory and immunobullous disease in 76.92% (n=200), 15% (n=39), and 1.53% (n=4) study subjects respectively. Significantly higher DLQI scores were seen in subjects with oral. Skin and genital involvement with p<0.05 and the highest mean DLQI scores were seen in subjects with immunobullous disorders. Conclusion: The study concludes that subjects with oral, skin, and genital lesions have the highest DLQI scores having a high impact on their quality of life. It is vital to assess the impactof disease on their quality of life as it helps in better disease management and decreases the disease duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) can present with a variety of skin lesions and the need for dermatology consultation is increasing. Dermatoses in the PICU can be primary or secondary to treatment or underlying systemic illness. Our objective was to study the frequency, pattern, and systemic associations of mucocutaneous findings among children in the PICU. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study in the PICU of our hospital for 1 year from January 2019 to December 2019. Detailed history, examination, and treatment of consecutive children admitted with mucocutaneous findings were recorded and the results were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among 2606 children screened, 11.5% (300/2606) had 314 mucocutaneous manifestations. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1.3:1 and their ages ranged from 1 month to 15 years (mean age, 4.4 years). Dermatoses belonged to infectious, 41% (124/314), inflammatory, 29.6% (93/314), nutritional, 12.4% (39/314), hematological/vascular malformations, 3.5% (11/314), rheumatological/vasculitic, 3.2% (10/314), neurocutaneous, 0.6% (2/314), and miscellaneous, 11.1% (35/314) groups. Within this cohort, 25.7% (77/300) had a purely dermatological disorder, 28.3% (85/300) had an associated systemic process, 0.7% (2/300) had iatrogenic skin findings, and 45.3% (136/300) had incidental skin findings. On follow‐up, 4% (12/300) died, 85% (256/300) improved/recovered, 3% (8/300) were lost to follow‐up, and 8% (24/300) did not need active intervention. Conclusion: Our study highlights the frequency of dermatologic disorders among children in the PICU. A notable proportion of patients had primary dermatological disorders or mucocutaneous findings associated with systemic illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To identify the pattern of various clinical presentations of skin disorders in pediatric patients of DHQ teaching hospital, Gujranwala for improving health care planning and management. Methods The query describes a descriptive, cross-sectional hospital-based study that included the patients of all genders and ages upto 14 years who visited the Dermatology Outpatient Department within a year. The diagnoses of patients were confirmed after detailed history, examinations and necessary investigations. Results 9,526 children presented to the Dermatology Department. Out of those, 43% were males and 57% were females. Mean age noted was 5.5 years with standard deviation of 3.2 years. Scabies (32.2%), eczema (16.6%), tinea (13.4%), seborrheic dermatitis (4.3 %), furunculosis (4.0%), impetigo (3.7%), urticaria (3.0%), vitiligo (2.8%), diaper candidiasis (2.6%), viral exanthemas (2.0%), carbuncle (1.9%), atopic dermatitis (1.7%), molluscum contagiosum (1.5%), alopecia areata (1.5%) and pityriasis versicolor (1.3%) were included in the group of more common dermatoses. Rest of dermatoses were divided into less commom (6.3%) and rare dermatoses (1.2%). Conclusion There should be collaboration between pediatrician and dermatologist for the early diagnosis and management of most commonly observed dermatoses. It will reduce a lot of burden on our health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity‐related dermatoses in obese children, and the association between these dermatoses and insulin resistance as well as skin color. Methods: Obese, overweight, and normal weight children according to body mass index who were followed up and treated in the outpatient clinics were included in the study. Dermatological examinations of the participants were performed, and fasting insulin and glucose levels were checked. Results: The obese and overweight children were evaluated as the patient group (70 girls, 41 boys, mean age: 12.37 ± 3.14 years). One hundred one healthy children with normal weight were determined as the control group (59 girls, 42 boys, mean age: 12.15 ± 2.43). The first five common dermatoses in the patient group when compared with the control group were keratosis pilaris (KP), striae distensae, hyperhidrosis, acanthosis nigricans (AN), and plantar hyperkeratosis. The first five dermatoses which were positively correlated with formation and insulin resistance were KP, striae distensae, AN, hyperhidrosis, and plantar hyperkeratosis. According to the Fitzpatrick skin scale, we found that the darker the skin color, the higher the probability of AN and KP (OR, 0.298; 95% CI, 0.106–0.834, p = 0.021; OR, 0.306; 95% CI, 0.117–0.796, p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: Some dermatoses associated with obesity and insulin resistance were not found in obese children, or there was no significant association. These results indicate that many skin morbidities may be prevented by preventing and treating obesity and insulin resistance in the early period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endocrinological, vascular or immunological changes during pregnancy can cause many different clinical skin conditions. Objective was to make analysis of skin changes and dermatoses in pregnant patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: One hundred-twelve pregnant patients who have applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic from March 2021 to September 2022 were included to the study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 28.8±6.9 (min.18-max.44). 57.2% of the pregnant women were primigravida and 42,8% were multigravida. Pregnant women frequently applied to the outpatient clinic in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (78.6%). Physiological skin changes were observed in 82.1% of the cases. Stria gravidarum was the most common (51.8%). Chloasma in 9%, varicose veins and spider angioma in 5.4%, linea nigra, acrochordon, cherry angioma and hair loss in 2.7%, hirsutism and ingrown nails in 1.8%, pyogenic granuloma in 0.9% of the cases were observed. Skin infection was detected in 33.9% of the cases. Fungal infections (Dermatophytosis 9%, pityriasis versicolor 3.6%, candida 1.8%) were most common with 14.3%, scabies was the second most common with 11.6%. Pregnancyspecific dermatoses such as atopic eruption of pregnancy, pemphigoid gestationis and impetigo herpetiformis were seen in 2.7% of the cases. Non-pregnancy-specific dermatological diseases was 27.7%. Among these diseases, seborrheic dermatitis was 9%, psoriazis was 6.2%, acne and rosacea were 3.6%. Physiological changes of pregnancy and pregnancy-specific dermatoses w ere s ignificantly higher i n t he 3 rd t rimester c ompared t o t he f irst 2 t rimesters (p=0.01, p=0.049, respectively) and in primigravidas compared to multigravidas (p=0.01, p=0.043, respectively). The recurrent outpatient clinical admissions were significantly higher in multigravidas than in primigravidas (p=0.0007) and in the 3rd trimester compared to the 1st and 2nd trimesters. (p=0.004). Conclusions: The most common skin disorders during pregnancy are physiological skin changes. Pregnancy specific dermatoses are rare. The most common skin infections in pregnancy are fungal infections. Skin changes and spesific dermatoses increase in the third trimester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of a range of inflammatory skin conditions, including eczema, usually requires the use of topical steroids. These conditions are challenging for healthcare professionals and their patients in terms of both their physical and emotional symptoms. Topical steroids are available in a range of formulations including creams, ointments and tapes. Steroid tape is an easy to use and patient-friendly formulation for these conditions. In the UK, the commercially available formulation is fludroxycortide impregnated tape (4 micrograms per sq. cm), which represents a moderately potent steroid. It is licensed in the UK for recalcitrant chronic dermatoses such as eczema and psoriasis. Whilst fludroxycortide tape has been available in the UK for several decades, it is not as widely used as steroid creams and ointments due to lack of awareness and knowledge from healthcare professionals. However, patients with these inflammatory skin conditions, who also suffer significant emotional and mental health issues, often struggle to find a topical steroid that they are happy with. Healthcare professionals should therefore be aware of steroid tape, its indications and use, to offer greater patient choice and potentially better adherence to topical treatment. This review paper describes an in-depth real world research survey of 1,000 patients with skin conditions, 72% of whom had eczema, which evaluated their mental and emotional health. The value of fludroxycortide tape in inflammatory skin conditions is also identified and reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pool toes, a sport-related dermatosis, are caused by mechanical friction and water exposure, resulting in a special variant of irritant contact dermatitis. It is common in children, often misdiagnosed, and rarely reported. Here we report a case of a 7-year-old girl who developed this unusual type of frictional dermatitis; a pool toes diagnosis has been made. With topical corticosteroids, favorable results have been achieved. The recovery and healing process will be facilitated if one is aware of the underlying causes of such dermatitis and ceases the triggering factors.

Acne is one of the most common dermatoses. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units. The pathogenesis of the disease consists of: hyperproliferation of hair follicle opening cells and the formation of microcomedones closing its opening. Excessive activity of the sebaceous glands and increased sebum production. Inflammatory reaction induced by Cutibacterium acnes. Acne most often occurs between the ages of 11 and 30. Acne changes affect adults more and more often. Statistically, the incidence of acne vulgaris is comparable, but more severe course is more common in men. The most prone to acne are areas rich in sebaceous glands - face, including the T-zone, back, chest. The clinical picture is dominated by blackheads, pustules, papules, cysts, nodules, and inflammatory infiltrates. The etipathogenesis of acne is complex, and finding the cause is very difficult and time-consuming. Regardless of age, people suffering from acne experience great discomfort, which has a very negative impact on their self-esteem and quality of life.

Kwashiorkor syndrome is characterized by protein malnutrition and edema, risk factors are recent weaning, infections, and diets based on corn and rice. This malnutrition can lead to skin manifestations such as thin, dry skin, hyperpigmentation, confluent areas of scaling, dry, hypopigmented, and detachable hair, as well as erosive dermatitis, predominantly in skin folds. The diagnosis is based on a nutritional evaluation exam, physical examination and laboratory finding, the treatment is based on early nutritional rehabilitation. Clinical case: 8-month-old female infant who attended the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, presenting a scaling dermatosis of 1 month's evolution that was treated with topical ketoconazole. The mother reported exclusive feeding with corn gruel due to the diagnosis of "lactose allergy" and commented not enough resources to buy hydrolyzed formula. The patient presented a disseminated dermatosis to all body segments, characterized by well-defined, irregularly shaped, hyperpigmented plaques with scaling in thick sheets in the perioral region and extremities, as well as areas of eroded skin and paleness and edema of extremities. Laboratory tests were taken, where anemia (Hb 11.2 g/dl) and hypoal- buminemia (3.3 g/dl) were documented, the diagnosis of kwashiorkor syndrome was integrated. The clinical and laboratory findings were reported to the Gastroenterology and Nutrition service, who performed a nutritional assessment, and began nutritional treatment, emollients and general skin care were documented; twenty days later, the dermatosis and edema had subsided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in chimpanzees are challenging. Validated allergy tests specific for chimpanzees are not available. A multifactorial management of atopic dermatitis is important. Successful management of AD has, to the best knowledge of the authors, not been described in chimpanzees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Sex hormones are important in female sexual physiology, growth, and homeostasis. Through skin receptors, sex hormones contribute to the dermatologic pathology known as catamenial dermatoses. Objective:This study aims to summarize the literature on catamenial dermatoses and menses-induced exacerbations of chronic dermatoses. Methods:This systematic review used the PRISMA method. PubMed was searched using the terms "menses" and "skin" in July 2018, and an assessment was conducted of the relevant literature on skin diseases related to non-pathologic menstruation, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pathology associated with androgenetic acne was excluded from the study. Results:A total of 102 studies with 1269 female patients were included. The most commonly reported primary catamenial dermatoses were autoimmune progesterone dermatitis and autoimmune estrogen dermatitis. The most commonly reported chronic skin disorders exacerbated by menses were psoriasis, Behcet's disease, and eczematous dermatoses. Conclusion:Physicians should be aware of the nature of catamenial dermatoses and their presentation with normal sexual physiology. Patients with chronic dermatoses should be appropriately counseled on menstruation-related exacerbations. Further research needs to be conducted to determine the interplay between immune regulation and sex hormones in catamenial dermatoses and to elucidate effective therapies.

Skin diseases are a common and inevitable consequence of ageing. Moreover, the clinical presentation is not as classical as they do in the younger population. A lifetime of solar exposure, along with intrinsic changes in the dermal structures, predisposes to a variety of skin diseases. The aim: to study the spectrum of various geriatric dermatoses among our patient population at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy at Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre. Materials and methods: in this study, a total of 200 patients aged 60 years and above attending the DVL OPD of Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre were included. Results: maximum number of patients in this study belonged to 60-65 years (60 %), Male to female ratio was 1.86:1. Most of the males had agriculture work, and most of the females were housewives. Diabetes mellitus was the commonest associated systemic disease seen in 68 cases (34 %), and generalised pruritus was the commonest symptom seen in 64 (32 %) cases, of which 42 cases (65.6 %) were associated with xerosis. Pathological skin disorders and eczematous conditions were seen in 56 out of 200 cases. Of this, asteatotic eczema was the common finding among the eczematous conditions seen in 14 cases (7 %). Psoriasis was seen in 32 (16 %) and lichen planus in 10 cases (5 %). Infectious diseases were seen in 78 cases (39 %). Of these, fungal infections were common, seen in 28 cases (14 %). The benign tumour was seborrheic keratosis in this study, seen in 61 cases (30.5 %); among the malignant tumours, 4 cases (2 %) of basal cell carcinoma and 2 cases (1 %) of squamous cell carcinoma were seen. Among 16 cases of bullous disorders, bullous pemphigoid was seen in 12 (6 %) cases. Among 22 cases of psychocutaneous disorders, delusional parasitosis was seen in 10 cases (5 %), and perforating folliculitis in 15 cases (7.5 %). Loss of luster was the commonest nail change seen in 182 cases (91 %), followed by nail plate thickening in 54 cases (27 %). Greying of the hair was seen in all cases. Out of 70 females, diffuse hair loss was seen in 58 cases (82.9 %), and out of 130 males, androgenetic alopecia was seen in 72 cases (55.4 %). Conclusion: skin diseases cause considerable morbidity in the elderly, particularly if associated with other comorbid conditions. Health education on proper skin care, avoidance of irritants and self-medication etc., would help to reduce the incidence of common dermatoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Skin disorders are common in adolescents. The visibility of skin disorders in the psychologically and emotionally vulnerable age of adolescence has a major impact on their quality of life. This study was conducted to know the pattern of dermatoses in adolescents. Methods Four hundred adolescents aged between 10 to 19 years of either sex attending Dermatology out patient department between July 2021 to June 2022 were included in the sudy. Results Out of 400 adolescents, 189 were boys 211 were girls. Infectious dermatoses were most common (38.8%), followed by acne (22.5%), eczemas (12%), pigmentary disorders (5.5%), urticaria (5%), papulosquamous disorders (3.5%), insect bite reactions (3.3%), photodermatoses (2.8%), congenital dermatoses (1.5%), connective tissue disorders (0.5%) and others (4.7%). Conclusion Infectious dermatoses, mainly Fungal and viral infections, acne and eczemas were common among adolescents in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Owing to their similar appearance, lichen striatus (LS), lichen nitidus (LN), juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), and molluscum contagiosum (MC) on the penis often lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, especially in children. In vivo evaluation of penile dermatoses with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is helpful in the diagnosis of these ambiguous lesions in children. Methods: We recruited 12 patients with LS, nine with LN, seven with JXG, and nine with MC and evaluated the characteristics and distinguishing features of the four kinds of papule dermatoses on the penis using RCM. Results: The four dermatoses all had unique RCM features. LS generally showed focally destroyed dermal papillary rings, with numerous mononuclear cell clusters aggregated inside the papillary rings, and highly refractive clumps were observed. For LN, the dermal papillary rings were completely destroyed and arranged in a solitary, enlarged, cavity‐like structure, in which round cells, particulate matter structures, and plump cellular structures were aggregated; the adjacent skin was completely normal. In JXG, the dermal papillary rings were significantly dilated, and the superficial dermis was filled with different‐sized large bright ring cells; smaller, refractive, roundish structures; and particulate matter. For MC, the normal structures completely disappeared; the lesions were arranged in a crater‐shaped structure; and a mass‐like substance formed by the aggregation of multiple, uniform, roundish structures was observed within the crater. Conclusion: RCM allows for real‐time visualization of major key diagnostic and distinguishing features of four papule dermatoses, LS, LN, JXG, and MC, on the penis in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]