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The article is in memory of Philip Andrews, with whom the author has worked in the journal, "Oxford Economic Papers." Philip's enthusiasm was unflagging and his energy inexhaustible. He was always full of ideas about the ways in which the policy should evolve and, at the same time, he was ready to devote unlimited effort to the exacting labor of producing the journal without secretarial assistance. Philip had a strong sense of continuity. He was anxious to ensure that the lines of research, both empirical and theoretical, with which he had been associated should be carried forward and he became the leading member of the Oxford Economists' Research Group. Philip read widely, far beyond the field of economics, both in philosophy and in general literature. Moreover, if he was, in one sense, a genuine revolutionary in his own subject, he was also a traditionalist in that he looked back with regret to the works of an earlier generation when the subject was less narrowly confined within a barrier of conventional assumptions and less exclusively concerned with the manipulation of equations.

The article announces for invitation of contributions to the seventh International Congress of Rorschach to be held at the London School of Economics from August 5 to 9, 1968, on the theme of the projective approach to the study of personality.

In this article, the author says that it is so easy to assume that similarity of ideas is based on the direct derivation of one system from another that cautious historians of thought must demand additional evidence. The article also presents information regarding bibliographies of economic publication in the U.S. The author says that the list, brief as it is, seems to be a compilation not elsewhere to be found. Until one develops a special interest, the character of bibliographies, both as to coverage and classification, may escape one's attention. The book "American Bibliography," which attempts complete coverage runs from 1639 to 1799. The book "Bibliothetica Americana," covers 1820-1861. International copyright was not granted until 1891, therefore until that date there was no official list of American reissues of foreign books. The list reveals the close intellectual link the new nation maintained with England and, to a lesser extent, with France. Titles show a liking for the theoretical and abstract side of economics, perhaps prepared for by the interest in theology so long dominant in colonies.

The article provides information on the Department of Social Administration of the London School of Economics and Political Science in England. The research program center attempts to understand social needs as well as understand the services developed to meet those needs. The center regards research as an essential and integral part of their university work and sees research and teaching duties in competition superficially. They allow research as an option for part of the practical work in their diploma course and each year, some of their students have students have chosen to participate in the research of the department.

The article focuses on the railways and economic growth in England and Wales. The article refers from the book "New Economic History," by Gary Hawke written in and about the United Kingdom. Several chapters in the book are devoted to the developments of input and output measures, and these are used to compute an index of total factor productivity for the years 1840-1890. The pricing policy of railroads is studied, estimates of the iron-demand generated in construction calculated, the cyclical impact of railroad expenditures described, and possible benefits external to the railroad users discussed. The heart of the book is the calculation of the social savings generated by British railroads over the period 1840-1870, with particular attention paid to the year 1865. The savings in resources attributable to shifting from one mode to another then depends upon the elasticity of the demand for transport services, the cost per ton-mile of shipping by non-railroad means (canals, roads, etc.) and the cost per ton-mile of shipping by railroads.

The article presents a discussion on the mode of establishment, economic uses, and taxonomic status of Spartina Townsendii which appeared in the sheltered waters of Southampton. The article explores the habitat and botanical background of Spartina Townsendii (S. Townsendii) supplemented with discussions on the distribution of S. Townsendii on the English and French coastlines, its colonization mechanics, and the life-history stages of the plant. It also outlines the spread of the plant from one coast to another.

One remark made more frequently by sociologists than by their gibing critics that sociology has not yet come to that development which commands from its adherents wholehearted agreement as to the objectives to be aimed at, the field to be limited, and the methods to be used. Not only is this lack of unanimity characteristic of the science as a whole, when viewed apart from national boundaries, but also even within each country there is still to be found great diversity of opinion as to the major concepts and abstractions of this field of inquiry. England seems to offer the one exception. It is not that English sociologists have consciously developed an agreement and so are working as a unified group for the advancement of their science, for they seem to be less aware of disagreement and of the controversial aspects of the situation than most workers in the field. It is rather that there seems to be a fairly general acceptance of the idea that there is something called a sociological point of view which can be applied to economics, anthropology, religion, or what not, but that point of view is infinitely elastic and does not cry to be defined nor elaborated into a separate discipline.

Examines the economic growth of England before the industrial revolution. Type of economy and economic system which existed in England between Norman conquest and the industrial revolution; Details of the economic changes that occurred in England.

The article discusses the use of index numbers of the total cost of living and the methods employed in the development of the English and U.S. index numbers. Index numbers have been published by the bureaus of labor in industrial countries to shed light upon changes in the cost of living. In June 1916, Board of Trade in England published an index number which included all groups of expenditure. The development of the index number of the total cost of living in the U.S. was a result of a clause in the agreement between the unions in the shipbuilding industry and the Emergency Fleet Corp.

Studies the expansion of the English trade between 1550 and 1650. Opinion of economic historian Henri Pirenne on the role of capitalists on economic developments; Factors affecting the expansion of trade.

The article focuses on the emergence of the marginal revolution in England and the decline of English classical political economy. In at attempt to describe, examine, or explain what happened regarding the economic theory in 1871 and the years either side, it seems important to distinguish between the state of economic theory with its prevailing orthodoxies in the leading continental countries in the 1860's and early 1870's and the peculiar and very different position in Great Britain. It profiles economists Carl Menger, Leon Walras, and William Stanley Jevons.

The article discusses the financial situation in London, England, highlighting the status of the Bank of England, during the first month of the first World War. As an introduction, Great Britain's peculiar position as a creditor country with regards to external payments is analyzed. This position has been the reason and justification for the bank to hold one of the smallest gold reserves in Europe, while building the largest volume of business on the basis of it. And with expensive charges for gold carried by sea, the Bank of England boldly addresses this scenario by opening depositories for the receipt of gold outside Great Britain.

The article examines old age pension schemes in England as of January 1892. Every English advocate of old age pensions endeavors to show, in spite of the immense service of Benefit Societies, how sharp are their limits. To those born with a little property, to the skilled, and to the strong, the self-help societies in every form have been an unmeasured good; but to the skill less, the stupid, the weak, to those families in which sickness has been constant, such associations have neither brought advantage nor are they likely to do this. The new trades-unionism is just trying its uncertain hand with the unskilled, but has as yet given too scant evidence as to its ability. The older unionism has a membership of some 750,000. If it be once conceded that the masses are to be insured, few would trust to this source. The Friendly Societies have a commanding record. If we include, besides the Affiliated Orders, the Railway and Mining Associations, collecting societies like the Victoria Legal, we have the imposing result of more than five million persons who are of their free choice insured against sickness. It is idle, however, to deny that public confidence has been shaken in the ability of these institutions to insure the very part of the labor world, which needs security most. Such provision, moreover, as these societies have made for old age pensions has practically failed.

The article discusses the economic movement in England. In England, for the last quarter of a century, the movement of economic thought has been one of steady and continuous evolution. Perhaps the most effective of the influences which gave a new direction to economic study was that exercised by the rough but inexorable logic of events. The first corrections which economic theory received in England were rather negative than constructive. They were prompted by the obvious discord between the supposed results of the science and the facts of every-day experience. The second of the influences which have determined the recent development of political economy is so conspicuous, so powerful, so emphatically the characteristic influence of the age, that it has somewhat put into the shade the other co-operating agencies, and has often been wrongly taken to stand for all that distinguishes the new economy from the old. There is a third economic influence, not infrequently confounded with the historical, but which deserves to be clearly distinguished from it, not only on account of its well-marked individuality, but still more on account of its growing and resistless political power.