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Starting with the concept of "middleman minorities" developed by Blalock (1967 79-84), encompassing such groups as the Chinese in Southeast Asia, Jews in Europe, and Indians in East Africa, this paper presents a model which tries to explain the development and persistence of the form. A key variable is the orientation of immigrants towards their place of residence, with sojourning at first, and later a "stranger" orientation affecting the solidarity and economic activity of the ethnic grout. These in turn arouse the hostility of the host society, which perpetuates a reluctance to assimilate completely, or "stranger" status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Christians from Middle Eastern European nations have been less inclined than Muslims to identify with Arab nationalist causes, but a growth of Arab identity has been observed among Middle Eastern Christian immigrants in recent years. Recent immigrants are more likely to identify with Arab nationalism than immigrants who have been in the United States for some time. This paper analyzes religious and nationalist identity in a Chaldean Iraqi community in Detroit, Michigan. It rejects the notion that the earlier immigrants' nationalist sentiments have been "lost" through assimilation, and suggests that the increased nationalist identity, of recent immigrants is due in, part to a, increase in urbanism and bureaucratic participation in the modern Middle East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on causes of crime of native born individuals of European immigrants. This higher crime rate of the native born of foreign stock has been generally attributed to the fact that the cultural guides of their parents' social heritage have been swept from them in their strange new turbulent environment and those of the new cultural milieu have not yet been instilled in them. The purpose of this paper is to analyze somewhat critically this general thesis. To do so, certain widely accepted remarks concerning urban and rural crime rates are presented as a basis for discussion. Many criminologists have observed the marked disparity in crime rates between urban and rural districts. The European immigrant, landing on American shores, was forced to find cheap lodgings as he was usually penniless. Anti-social behavior first becomes evident in the delinquencies of predatory boy gangs. Boys naturally tend to play with other boys. Behavior patterns organized in the former were carried over into and accentuated by the latter. Sons, both of native and foreign born stocks, made this promotion from juvenile delinquent to adult offender with equal facility.

This article focuses on the migration of British citizens between Great Britain and Europe, from 1924 to 1934. In each year of the span, more British nationals arrived in Great Britain from Europe than embarked for Europe. When British nationals arrive from Europe it is impossible to distinguish between those who were initially in Europe and those who merely traveled via Europe from, say, India, Australia, or New Zealand. Similarly the passengers from Great Britain to Europe include a number who do not finish their journey in Europe, but go forward to countries outside Europe. In order to determine the true migration of nationals between Europe and Great Britain, it is therefore first necessary to find out how many nationals passed through Europe each year when traveling between Great Britain and countries outside Europe. In 1921 the number of British passengers embarking from Great Britain direct to non-European countries was 268,300. Of these, 199,500 were classed as migrants and so changed their permanent residence. The other 68,800 nationals were therefore not changing their permanent residence, but had simply been visitors. Thus, of the 77,900 nationals visiting Great Britain from non-European countries in 1921, only 68,000 sailed direct to non European countries.

The purpose of the study was to determine the proportion of German stock in the total population in Minnesota for the years, 1860 and 1870. German stock included German-born persons from Europe and American-born children of German parents. The sources of the data were the manuscript census lists of 1860 and 1870. The difficulties of such a handcount are discussed. A sample of the technique of listing and excerpting the data is given. The percentages of German stock are shown for the smallest workable units, i.e., the townships, in six different shades on two maps. The original maps were drawn on a larger scale than that of the reproductions. Carto-graphic techniques for population maps arc explained. The maps renal that German pioneers concentrated around the bend of the Minnesota River. German population centers were in Carver, Sibley, Nicollet, and Brown Counties. The same townships in Caner, Sibley, and Brown Counties showed heavy percentages in 1860 as well as in 1870, thus demonstrating that Germans preferred to settle among Germans rather than to move with the frontier. Religious influence was significant in Stearns County. The data from the study provide a basis for further research, such as dealing with factors conditioning settlement, routes used by emigrants, occupational distribution of this nationality, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the main results of a 1951 survey carried out in the East African township of Stonetown in the country of Udongo from the point of view of the light it throws on the internal structure of the European population; the survey data are supplemented with relevant impressions gained from four months' participant observation. The present European population of Stonetown has the age and sex structure typical of an immigrant population. Of the total European population of Stonetown less than half have been there for more than six months and only three out of every ten for more than a year. Of the population total of 549, a negligible proportion were born in Udongo or elsewhere in East Africa and nearly all of these are children whose parents are themselves recent immigrants. Europeans regard themselves, and are regarded by the rest of the population, as a distinct racial and social category with characteristic appearance, values and modes of behaviour. These differences are well known and the fact that the Europeans are a distinct entity has important consequences for the behaviour and attitudes of Europeans to each other, and also for the relationship between Europeans and members of other racial groups.