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The article comments on the paper related to social development in the Philippines. The author of the paper had neglected the vast body of European and American study of and in both Western and non-Western societies. Even though it is justifiable that conceptualization and methodology must be developed in relation to the particular "time-space characteristics" of the research situation, it not justifiable to adopt some as yet undeveloped and essentially unknown "new" theory. The author of the paper had discarded too lightly the enormous experience of "Western" social scientists in observation and interpretive analysis of socio-cultural patterns ranging from the most "scared" to the most nearly "secular." The use of scientific experience remains the most powerful intellectual guide which man has yet devised. The de-emphasis of "quantitativism" in favor of field and problem-oriented study is vitally necessary. The author of the paper easy slip into the concretistic error of assuming that the historical peculiarities of Philippine societal development require unique interpretive tools.

The 1946 Committee on Contributed Papers of the American Sociological Society, has several suggestions to offer: If sufficient interest is shown in the Section of the contributed papers published in a section of the periodical "American Sociological Review," the section should be continued, since it gives opportunity for younger men and women to appear on the program and become known to the Society. More- over, it stimulates the interest of the younger sociologists in the meetings. This year 20 papers were submitted; last year there were only 8. An opportunity to appear on the program of the Society, together with the possibility of publication in the periodical apparently is desired, as evidenced not only by the number of papers submitted but by the fact that both years every participant, upon the acceptance of his manuscript, has immediately signified his intention of being present to read his paper. It would be well for the Committee to be appointed early enough for it to get well underway in the spring. During the last two years, the Committee has been handicapped by not getting underway until the summer or fall.

The article reports some trends in the relative emphasis devoted to different specialties within the field of sociology in the U.S. since World War II. According to the author, sociology has grown since World War II in the number of courses taught, the number of people who make their living as sociologist and the amount of research done. The field has expanded so rapidly that virtually all special areas of interest within the field have shared in the general growth. As proportions of the total, however, some areas of specialization have gained at the expense of others. In the article sources of information used to asses trends in sociology include fields of interest listed by members for American Sociological Association directory, papers read at annual meetings of the Association, papers published in the journal "American Sociological Review" and course listings in college catalogs. The author states that in analyzing and interpreting the data, he had to make certain assumptions, which may be debatable. The author makes no ambitious claims for the absolute validity of interpretations.

The article presents a sociological view of the press coverage of a sociological convention. The coverage is based on observations carried out by five newsmen-observers who attended the August 1965 American Sociological Association (ASA) meetings in Chicago, Illinois. The general conclusion of this study of the convention was that the confrontation of the sociologist with the representative of the news media was overwhelmingly inadvertent, disconcerting and only partially successful to either party. In terms of efficiency in social communication, it leaves much to be desired and strongly entices one to prescribe therapy. Few suggestions are made in advance of Florida sessions in order to get sociologist into communication with the Miami Press. It is suggested to issue a handbook in advance of the convention to all members of the ASA and once the convention has started, to maintain a special message board near the newsroom which offers a chance for newsmen to indicate their wish to contact writers of papers. It is also suggested the president of the ASA assemble a small, informal committee which would hold daily news briefings alerting them to persons or topics originating outside or inside the formal program of the convention.

The article focuses on the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological society. This is not a new experience, but some of the changes that are taking place in rural sociology programs and in society indicate that the need for discussion is not yet satisfied. This is also one way of reaching the many members, subscribers, and readers who axe unable to attend the Society meetings, and of including them in the circle of discourse. Accordingly, few persons from various sections of the country and one to represent a view of rural sociology as it exists outside the U. S. to offer some of their views on important issues in the future of rural sociology were invited. They were asked to respond briefly and quickly enough for the papers to be presented in the June issue before the 1969 meeting.

The article presents information on the 1965 issue of the journal "Sociological Inquiry." The 1954 and 1955 Supreme Court decisions on desegregation are the force that set in motion vast changes that are restructuring the very nature of race relations in the United States. This volume contain recent developments relating to race relations in the United States. Its nine essays touch on several of the major areas in which change occurs or in which old blemishes remain. The paper by Robin Williams, with which this issue begins attempts an overview of what has happened in the last two decades. Most of the papers in this set are themselves reports of research appropriate to Williams' contention that intergroup relations are part of the basic dynamics of modem social systems. Richard Lamanna's doctoral dissertation is concerned in part with the response of the Negro public school teacher to desegregation. Lewis Killian turns his attention to the negotiations between representatives of the white and Negro communities.

An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Department of Sociology, The university of Rochester, October, 1966. The paper was written while the author was on leave of absence from the Department of Sociology, Syracuse University, as a visiting scholar at the Laboratory for Social Research, Stanford University. This investigation was supported in part by a Public Health Service fellowship MH 23,804-01 from the National Institute of Mental health. Much of the background for this paper was obtained while the author was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences, Stanford University (1964-1966) and the Laboratory for Social Research, Stanford University (1966-1967). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several official reports and proceedings of various societies of the U.S., published in the December 1940 issue of the journal "American Sociological Review." The report of the "American Sociological Society," provides a very good answer to the question of what is possible in the way of making a living by taking sociology. The census of membership has revealed that sociologists who are members of the Society are employed in nearly 250 different types of occupations. Alfred McClung Lee, chairman of "Committee on Public Relations," is anxious that all papers to be given at the annual meetings should be in his hands. The Committee needs these papers early in order to aid newsmen in the proper selection and presentation of material and thus lessen the danger that the society and persons on the program may be presented to the public in a bad light because of hasty, ill-considered or out-of-context reporting. The press is only too happy to cooperate in this matter, but it cannot be done to the best advantage unless the Committee can get copies of the papers early. Every paper read at annual meetings becomes the property of the society, chairmen of divisions and sections should so inform the participants on their programs and collect and turn over to the secretary or editor all papers presented.

The article presents the program of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association to be held from August 26-29, 1968. It will be held in Boston, Massachusetts. The Program Committee, consisting of Chairman Philip M. Hauser, William J. Goode, Robin M. Williams. Jr., O.D. Duncan, and Gerhard E. Lenski is planning sessions on the central theme of "On the Gap Between Sociology and Social Policy". The session topics are as follows: 1) Plenary sessions: Sociology and the Negro Revolt, Sociology and Social Accounting; 2) Thematic Sessions: Conformity and Social Control, Law and the Administration of Criminal Justice, Socialization and Education, Population and Population Control, Sociology and Environmental Planning, The Polity and the Academy, Sociology and Social Development, Sociology and Systems Analysis, Sociology and Socialist Countries, 3) Regular Sessions: The New Sociometrics, Theory Building. In order to broaden member participation in the Annual Meeting, the 1968 Program Committee is planning a limited number of sessions utilizing a Seminar format. Papers contributed by members apart from those scheduled for organized sessions, will be screened and grouped under appropriate subject headings.

This article presents the research papers published in this issue of the journal "Rural Sociology." The first paper by James H. Copp represents a stage in the maturation of research on farm practice acceptance. It is one of the first attempts to compare the results of studies conducted in different agricultural regions. Using data from Wilkening's study in Wisconsin and from his own study in Kansas, he developed comparable measures of certain personal, social, and economic variables. Another paper by Copp and colleagues deals with the informational aspect of the acceptance of new farm practices. They attempt essentially to specify the function of information sources in the adoption process. By asking a series of questions about the sources of information at various times, from the awareness of a new practice until its adoption, they find that institutionalized sources tend to perform a function separate from that of noninstitutionalized sources. The study by Charles R. Hoffer and Dale Stangland is a worthy attempt to take into account the farmer's value orientations as they affect his adoption of practices.

The term "relevant" within the context of a small-groups course in sociology seemed to mean participating in ongoing groups and observing and gathering data on small groups. Teaching by having students engage in research has also been advocated by articles in "The American Sociologist." The research approach is especially applicable for courses in small groups. But there are too many difficulties in having students carry out research to make research the central feature of a course. In most cases students would not be sufficiently knowledgeable to design and conduct meaningful small-group experiments. This causes problems too difficult for an untrained instructor to handle. The second reason was that while attracted to the learn-by-doing element in such a course, it was equally important to devote class time to covering theoretical concepts, research techniques, and general substantive material. According to the author, the ideal course would expose students to diverse theoretical approaches to small groups while meeting their demand for relevance in the form of group participation and involvement in research.

This paper describes an exploratory field study carried out to ascertain the pattern of assimilation among East Indian immigrants in California. It was found that the Hindustani immigrants, because of their small numbers and their pattern of living in individual isolation, are prevented from forming their own ethnic communities. In this paper, the term Hindustani refers to immigrants from India and includes Hindu, Sikh, and Moslem immigrants. They constitute one of the smallest Oriental groups in the U.S.— 2,405 in 1940— and are the least known of all ethnic groups in this country. Of the total Hindustani population in the U.S. in 1940, 61.4 percent resided in California. Many have lived there for over thirty years. The majority of California Hindustanis are emigrants from rural villages in the Punjab, with a handful from Gujarat, Bengal, Oudh, and Madras. This study focused on four aspects of Hindustani life— residential pattern, occupational interactions, community life, family and home life.

Population study and sociology have shown a tendency toward convergence. From separate origins the fields have moved towards an increasing interdependence. All too seldom, however, has the relevance of sociological theory for demographic analysis been verified. Probably one of the more crucial questions in this connection is the relation between population characteristics and processes on the one hand and social values on the other. It is the task of this paper to indicate such a relationship and to reach this goal through an explanation of some observed demographic differentials by means of a particular sociological theory. This paper attempts to show by empirical and theoretical demonstration that the hypothesis is tenable for at least one city. Racial differentials constitute an important focus of this paper, but explaining an entire pattern of race relations represents a broader and more complex approach than that employed here. The data for the study are taken from an extensive demographic investigation of the Negroes of New Orleans.

This article presents information on the activities of various sociological organizations and departments of sociology in universities in the U.S. "Rural Sociology," a new journal to be published quarterly, is being established this year by the Section on Rural Sociology of the American Sociological Society. The managing editor of this journal, which is to be published by The Louisiana State University Press, is T. Lynn Smith of Louisiana State University. The annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Conference will be held on April 18 and 19 in New Haven, Connecticut. The central topic of the Conference will be Social Theory and the Social Order. The annual Spring meeting of the Ohio Sociological Society will be held in Columbus, Ohio, April 24 and 25, 1936. The Pacific Sociological Society held its Seventh Conference, together with Coast Economists, at Mills College in Oakland, California, December 27-28. In September 1935, E. D. Tetreau, formerly analyst with the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Associate Professor of Rural Sociology at Ohio State University, accepted a position at the University of Arizona as rural sociologist on The Experiment Station staff.

The annual meeting of the American Sociological Society will be held in Denver, Colorado, from September 7-9, 1950. The program will be planned with an emphasis on the applications of social-psychological history and method to a variety of substantive fields in sociology. This means that a considerable number of traditional sections will be recognized in the program and the chairmen asked to assemble papers with the emphasis indicated. Sections to be included in the program are: Theory, Methods, The Family, Criminology, Population. Rural Sociology, Industrial Sociology. Community, Sociology and Psychiatry, Race and Culture. Educational Sociology, Communication and Public Opinion, Sociology and Social Work, and two section meetings of contributed papers.

This article examines the success of The Sociological Quarterly in becoming more than a regional journal in the U.S. from 1960 to 1970. The journal Midwest Sociologist was an official semiannual publication of the Midwest Sociological Society. In the late 1950s, the need for revamping the form and content of the journal in order to accommodate a flow of papers became increasingly important. Accordingly, in 1960 the Midwest Sociologist became The Sociological Quarterly. The name chosen for the renovated journal was important for two reasons. First, the transition from a semiannual to a quarterly provided a publication outlet for qualified manuscripts that had been delayed or rejected due to space limitations. Second, the adoption of the title The Sociological Quarterly signified an attempt to avoid the regional connotations of the term Midwest and to initiate a journal of general interest and utility to sociologists of varying professional persuasions from all sections of the country. During the decade, the journal has been consistently publishing manuscripts from all parts of the country and can no longer be considered merely a regional journal of limited geographical scope. Data regarding the geographical sources of published papers indicate a steady tendency toward extraregionalism.

Stratification in science has received extensive attention from researchers in the sociology of science. The general research strategy involves identifying certain socio-personal characteristics of scientists such as professional age, highest degree, prestige of training and affiliated institutions, and relating these characteristics to the reward systems in science. Two identifiable reward systems in science involve (1) the bestowal of honorary awards, and (2) the access to, and recognition in, the formal communication system in science. These two systems both contribute to the overall stratification of the reward system but differ on at least two counts. This paper attempts to examine the stratification of the formal communication system in American sociology as it is related to the stratification of scientists. It is found that the visible journals in sociology are consistently stratified according to criteria such as rejection rates, articles rejected but eventually published in other sociological journals, order of submission preferences of ASA meeting authors, and cross-citation patterns in articles of the journals.

It is widely assumed that the sociology of religion is methodologically underdeveloped in relation to the rest of sociology. This paper reports on research undertaken to account for this underdevelopment. The theoretical model used to interpret this relationship is borrowed from the works of Ben-David, and Parsons and Platt. It is a role differentiation model. Essentially, it is contended that the specialty did not fully develop in the United States because a very large proportion of those working in the area have been torn between their scientific and religious commitments. Data are based on a content analysis of articles dealing with religion in nine journals of sociology from 1895 to 1970 and show a general decline in the participation of religionists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents news briefs concerning the American Sociological Association (ASA), as of August 1972. The recent election has resulted in the following officers for 1973, Andrew Billingsley as chairman, Clark E. Vincent as chairman-elect; Alice S. Rossi as secretary, and Jesse Bernard, William F. Fenkel, Rose Somerville, Jacqueline Wiseman, Paul C. Glick and Constantina Safilios-Rothschild as members of the association's council. In its current revitalization, the Section has three efforts underway. First, under the chairmanship of Nancy St. John, a nominating committee has prepared election slates composed of persons in the field who can offer effective leadership for the Section during the next few years. Second, a three-part program has been prepared for Section Day on August 28, 1972, at the New Orleans, Louisiana meetings that includes a panel discussion of the sociology of classroom reform, organized by Sarane Boocock; a panel discussion of the sociology to the proposed National Institute of Education, organized by John Meyer. This program involves the Section in pressing matters of reform, where sociological perspectives have often been underutilized, as well as in expanding research of comparative analysis. Third, the chairman of the Section has concentrated his own efforts on the possibility of developing a special role for the Section as a bridge between the field of sociology and the National Institute of Education.

The article presents information about several books related to sociology. "Diverging Parallels: A Comparison of American and European Thought and Action," edited by A.N.J. den Hollander, is a collection of papers presented at two meetings of the European Association for American Studies, ferreting out likenesses and differences in European and American cultures. Comparisons touch war and diplomacy, education, conceptions of the tragic, romantic and heroic, the idea of evil and thought processes. "Religion's Influence in Contemporary Society: Readings in the Sociology of Religion," edited by Joseph E. Faulkner, is a judicious selection of theoretical and empirical studies arranged under four headings: efforts to delimit the field of study, religion in the church: members, leadership, and organizational structure, the church in society, and religion and social change: urbanization, secularization, and the future. "Black Psyche: the Modal Personality Patterns of Black Americans," edited by Stanley S. Guterman, is a useful collection of materials that suggest the social construction of a modal personality among the U.S. blacks. Contributions, chiefly by sociologists, arc grouped under three headings: the social and historical backdrop, characteristics of the modal personality, and personality influences on behavior.

Contrary to the belief of many who have read George Homans' recent works, he is not the first sociologist to make explicit use of the concept of exchange. From 1883 to 1885 Albert Chavannes published in The Sociologist a series of papers titled "Studies in Sociology" which treated "The Law of Exchange" and three other social laws. Chavannes' use of the exchange concept was very similar to Homans'. Also, Chavannes emphasized the importance of a systematic empirical sociology but did not contribute to it as Homans has done. This comparison of the two men fills a gap in the history of American sociology and puts Homans' recent contributions in historical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of relationships among the Protestants and Catholics in the U.S. There is a current impression that this relationship is shifting in the direction of conflict. Bases for such impression is a best-seller book potraying the Catholic hierarchy as a threat to American freedom. This paper attempts to discover what empirical evidence exists to warrant such impression, if tensions do exists then in which area they are strongest and what factors appear to underlie such tensions. The term protestant in this paper refers to persons who are members of those religious bodies such as Episcopalian and Methodist. Catholics include members of the body known officially as the Roman Catholic Church. The term tension is of psychological origin and refers to degree of disharmony.

This article presents information related to sociology as of April 1, 1950. The Committee of the American Sociological Society on Contributed Papers for the 1950 annual meeting consists of Robert E. L. Fans, chairman; and A. B. Hollingshead and T. C. McCormick. Papers submitted for consideration should be sent not later than June 1, 1950. Recently elected officers of the Pacific Sociological Society for 1950 are: President, Leonard Bloom; Vice-president, Southern Division, Ernest Greenwood; Vice-president, Central Division, Carlo Lastrucci; Vice-president, Northern Division, Joseph Bachelder; and Members of the Advisory Council, Robert O'Brien and Paul Wallin. Gwynne Nettler continues as secretary-treasurer. The Society's annual meeting will be held in Seattle, Washington, during April 21-22, 1950. The Twenty- second annual meeting of the Japan Sociological Society was held in Tokyo, Japan, during October 15-16, 1949. The meeting was attended by more than 250 members. Fifty-two reports were given on various aspects of social theory and social research, and three public lectures on the topic, "The Population Problem in Japan."

The Executive Committee of the American Sociological Society met with members Franklin Frazier, Kimball Young, Florian Znaniecki, Katharine Jocher, Robert Lynd, Robert LaPiere, Carl Taylor, Harold Kaufman, present, and president of the society, Louis Wirth presiding. The following actions were taken by the Executive Committee: James H.S. Bossard was re-elected a member of the Classification Committee and designated as the Chairman. The revised report of the Committee on Relationships with Sociologists in Other Countries was approved. The action of the President in appointing a Committee on Sociological Articles in the journal "Scientific Monthly" was ratified and the present committee continued. Approval was voted of a Resolutions Committee consisting of Franklin Frazier, Chairman. A motion was made and approved that the Executive Committee recommend that for the annual meeting of 1948 the Program Committee be instructed to formulate the program by calling upon the members of the American Sociological Society to submit in advance proposed papers or abstracts of same, from which papers, as far as possible, the final program be made up. To facilitate this selection, the Program Committee is further authorized to appoint a Committee on Contributed Papers.

This article discusses the distribution of power in nationalized industries in the U.S. in 1951. The appointment of the National Coal Board was announced in the summer of 1946. In the following three years ownership of the fuel and power and transport industries was vested in a number of public corporations, two of which controlled, in terms of total undertakings and labour force, industrial organizations larger than any previously known in this country, or in the U.S. Nationalization offers a wide range of subjects of great interest to the sociologist. This paper, it is hoped, will indicate the degree of change which has taken place by considering the shifts in centres of power which transfer of ownership has produced. It describes the present distribution of power in nationalized industry as it is revealed by an examination, first, of the relation of Parliament, the Government and the trade unions to the controlling Boards; second, of the institutional forms, or patterns of organization adopted for each industry; and third, of the different groups to whom power has been apportioned within each industry. The aim of the paper is thus to define the effective power exercised by the Boards, to ascertain how power has been distributed within the various levels of organization, and to indicate some of the groups in the power structure and the conflicts between them. It is based on data collected in over two years' research into the working of the nationalized industries on behalf of the Acton Society Trust.

This article presents the text of a paper about origins and perspectives of the international representative read at the Nineteenth Annual Convention of the American Catholic Sociological Society at the Trinity College in Washington, D. C., on December 28-30, 1957. This paper is a discussion of a conceptual framework which has developed in connection with a study of the role of international representatives as a significant role in the American labor movement. The focus of the present discussion is on the role of international representatives as a non-professional role which is nevertheless capable of professionalization. This paper will further attempt to show that both short-run and long-run conditions affecting the trade union movement generally, and the role of international representatives in particular, require that this role become fully professionalized. The term "international representative" is employed in this discussion to signify the role of those officials who represent the international or national office at the local level. By an international office is meant the central office of a union having locals both in the U.S. and Canada.

The article presents a paper on the three levels of value-judgment in sociology. The three levels are--value-judgments as objects of sociological research, value-judgments as postulates of sociology, and metasociological value-judgments. It is evident that the sociologist cannot avoid making metasociological value-judgments. Whoever carries on a sociological investigation makes the metasociological value-judgment that the problem he studies is worth studying. Whoever constructs a sociological system makes the metasociological value-judgment that this particular approach is worth while and significant. A little reflection will show that these value-judgments belong in an entirely different category from those which have been discussed. Those discussed previously ascribed some value to the phenomena which sociology studies to the present condition of race relations in the U.S., for example while metasociological value-judgments ascribe some value to sociology itself, to sociology in general or to some particular approach or application of sociology.

The article presents minutes of the Ohio Valley Sociological Society's (OVSS) Annual Business Meeting to be held on May 1, 1970 in Akron, Ohio. The meeting was called to order by president Dwight G. Dean. The minutes of the last annual business meeting were unanimously approved as circulated. Researcher Don Olmsted reported for the Publications Committee. He reported on the functions of the Publications Committee: acting as an editorial board for the OVSS journal, "Sociological Focus," and conducting the OVSS student paper competition. Names of the winners of the student paper competition were withheld until the annual banquet. Sociologist Kenneth Eckhardt reported for the Membership Committee. He reported that the membership of the OVSS currently stands at 795. Frank Westie reported for the Development Committee. His report indicated that the Council had approved the appointment of student members to standing committees. In addition, he reported that the Development Committee would be circulating questionnaires to the membership of the OVSS concerning actions the Society should take concerning major issues in the larger society.

The article presents information on "International Congress of Sociology," D. Gusti, President of the 14th International Congress of Sociology, urged American sociologists to participate as actively as possible in the Congress. If they can not attend it personally, he asked them to send their papers to be read at the Congress and to be published in the volume of the Proceedings of the Congress. He indicates that so far the number of American papers is much smaller than that from European countries.

This article presents a notice concerning the 1957 annual meeting of the American Sociological Association to be held at the Shoreham Hotel, Washington D.C. on August 27-29. Joint sessions will be held with the American Anthropological Association, the Rural Sociological Society, and the Society for the Study of Social Problems. The various sections and respective chairmen for them are Talcott Parsons of Harvard University for Sociological Theory, Paul L. Lazarsfeld of Columbia University for Methodology, Conrad M. Arensberg of Columbia University for Industrial Sociology, S.M. Lipset of University of California, Berkeley for Political Sociology and Samuel A. Stouffer of Harvard University for Consumer Behavior. Each section chairman will present an analytic overview of what he takes to be the most significant problems in the field under examination. Members of the society have been directed to submit their papers to the respective chairmen of the sections and to the program committee alternatively. These papers will complement the usual papers presenting reports on researches.

During the 1973 annual meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA), the author attended a roundtable discussion chaired by Professor Robert Friedrichs. The whole meeting was devoted to discussing the possibility of sociologist B.F. Skinner's influence emerging in the U.S. sociology, a topic that Friedrichs had explored in a paper he delivered earlier at one of the ASA sessions. In reference to the Skinnerian influence on sociology, the author criticizes sociologist Donald Tarter's article published in the November 1973 issue of the periodical "The American Sociologist," which stated that Friedrichs' eminence in the discipline of sociology and the Skinnerian influence is justified. The author's intention is to point out that Tarter's article is at best naive as regards his misunderstanding of sociology and that the presuppositions underlying his argument suggest an ideological position that can only be repugnant to anyone committed to a society that is as free and open as possible. The author substantiates his indictments by first commenting on what he believes to be Tarter's sociological naivety on the basis of a passage in which Tarter writes "Behavioral complexities never before thought possible have emerged in the form of pigeons playing ping-pong or chimps breaking through the communication barrier to man."

In this article, the author comments on methodologies in social psychological work proposed by participants of the roundtable discussion conducted by the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issue in the U.S. The techniques of surveying, has had exceptional use in solving the practical problems encountered in administrative work. With regards to the dynamics of face-to-face human groups, the clinical approach to social psychological problems was appropriate in that the former isolation between social psychologists and clinicians has been breaking down. The author suggested that there are no really unique methods in the field.

This paper first reviews the descriptions and structural explanations for variations, in urban population densities in the United States over several decades. The research reviewed focuses on shifts in the technology and economics of travel as being the major influences on urban density distributions. These variables appear to be somewhat less adequate as explanations of the process in recent decades. After reviewing these findings and suggesting several research questions, we attempt to assess the evidence relating variations in population density to several other aspects of human behavior. A review of the research relating high population densities to various "social pathologies" indicates that little of the variance in rates of these pathologies can be attributed to density independently of other social structural variables. Some important consequences of population density have been reported, however, and possible research directions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that after careful consideration the Executive Committee has voted to cancel the thirty-ninth annual meeting of the American Sociological Society scheduled for Chicago, Illinois, on December 29-30, 1944. It was also voted to publish the collected papers in a single regular issue of the American Sociological Review. There were weighty reasons for this decision. Chicago, the chosen place of meeting, proved to be the cross roads of all East and West travel. The Executive Committee also voted not to attempt to arrange for another meeting before the time for the next regular meeting. The Committee is agreed as to the desirability of regional meetings wherever they can be held and count on the regional societies to keep up the interest in sociology. In view of the decision to publish the papers it is hoped that they will all be pushed forward to completion. Section chairmen are asked to see that their programs are completed and papers sent in to editors of the American Sociological Review as soon as possible.

This article presents updates on meetings and events related to family living and marriage at universities and associations in the U.S. as of May 1946. At the two sessions of the American Sociological Society, papers presented were devoted to the topic of family. The first, on the Family and the War, chairman, Ray E. Baber, discussed papers by Mildred Fairchild on Compilation of Data Regarding American Women at Work and at Home in World War II, by Leonard Bloom on Familial Adjustments of Japanese-Americans to Relocation, and by John F. Cuber on A Study of the Adjustmental Problems of Returning Service Men and Their Spouses. The Association for Childhood Education, on the other hand, held a restricted 1946 Annual Meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, on April 1946, limited to approximately eight hundred people. In addition, the Child Study Association of America held its Annual Conference on March 4, 1946.

This article presents information about various developments related to sociology. Plans for the 1968 meeting of the Rural Sociological Society at the Somerset Hotel in Boston during August 23-26, 1968 are well under way. This year the Program Committee has divided the contributed papers section into six major areas. These are: Social Structure, which includes Small Groups, Community Structure and Development, Power Structure, Rural Organizations, and Stratification. The Social Processes area includes: Innovation and Social Change, Cooperation and Conflict, and Communication. The Population and Ecology are includes: Fertility, Mortality, Demographic Characteristics, and Locality. Authors of papers for possible inclusion in the Medical Care Section Program of the next annual meeting of the American Public Health Association to be held during November 10-15, 1968 at Detroit, Michigan, may obtain standard abstract forms from Donald C. Riedel, Associate Professor of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Between 1900 and 1950, the population of the United States doubled, but during this same period the proportion of persons over 64 years of age quadrupled. In all states, aging has created problems which are becoming increasingly pressing. The Social Security program is designed to cope with certain income, health, and welfare issues; but the problem of personal adjustment in retirement is largely an individual matter. Agricultural census data indicate that many older people have retired on the land. Currently, more than 400,000 persons reach retirement age annually. Presumably many of these people plan for rural retirement. This paper examines the question of whether adjustment of retired persons is achieved in agriculture, especially under conditions as found in Florida. It is concluded that agriculture provides economic and cultural advantages for retirees, but that factors associated with constant aging tend to weaken these values, at least as related to open-country retirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is principally a description of the role of commercial farming in the structure of American agriculture. The newly altered classification of commercial farms now enables a better description of the total agricultural picture of the United States, and information available under the new classification should serve as a valuable framework for certain phases of social and economic research. Commercial farms made up 68.9 per cent of all farms in the United States in 1950. Although their numbers were decreasing, they comprised 88.1 per cent of the total acreage devoted to farming and accounted for 97.5 per cent of the value of farm products sold in the United States in 1949. As compared with other farmers, smaller proportions of operators of commercial farms performed off-farm work. Their length of residence on the same farm was longer. Commercial farms had considerably higher proportions of tenancy. The commercial farmer was slightly younger than the operator of other farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the statistics on the rural population from the 1950 census are based on a new definition of urban-rural residence which differs in several respects from the old definition used in previous censuses. This paper indicates the nature of these changes in definition and their effects on the size of the rural population in the United States as a whole and in the individual states. It also examines the characteristic pattern of urban-rural growth in metropolitan areas as an explanation of urban-rural differences (in terms of the old definition) among the states in the rate of growth in the decade 1940-1950. This examination suggests that, for states, rural rates of increase which exceed the corresponding urban rates reflect the rapid growth of population in suburban areas rather than an increase in the open-country or rural-farm population. Finally, it indicates that the new urban definition represents a step in the direction of a more realistic classification of the population into its urban and rural parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the paper on the research on sociological aspects of health. The report will describe these experiments and, in addition, will present in some detail the major steps of the study that are important to an understanding of the methodological aspects. The methodology of the current statewide health survey is actually a part of an extensive and varied research effort which is now being made in the sociology of health and health care throughout the U.S. The major purpose of the survey was to ascertain the extent of unmet need for medical attention by use of the symptoms approach among a representative sample of the population in Michigan. Other purposes were to obtain information about the availability and use of medical services, methods of paying for health care, attitudes regarding physicians and medical care, and the attributes and characteristics of people which might be related to all three of these areas.

In the conduct of the war the Allies are fast approaching the problem of dealing effectively with occupied or liberated countries. With which groups shall they work in the practical teamwork of administering justice, policing the country, re-establishing civilian life? Italy has been our first venture; doubtless southeastern Europe will follow. Already, to handle the problems there, various groups are setting themselves up in this country as "Committees in Exile," "Provisional Governments," etc. The present article deals with two such bodies-one Austrian, the other Hungarian. Dr. Roucek, now Chairman of the Department of Political Science and Sociology at Hofstra College, is the author of articles and books relating to contemporary world politics and especially to the problem of racial and national minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence indicates that the South's pervasive pressures to conform to white supremacy norms form the principal factor under- lying the region's racial intolerance (2, 11, 12, 15, and 16). This raises the problem of how these conformity pressures can be measured; one answer has involved the use of census materials. One of the first demographic analyses of racial phenomena was made by the Southern Commission on the Study of Lynching (4, 17). The Commission's detailed investigation of the 21 lynchings of 1930 revealed that the areas with lynchings tended to be systematically different from those without lynchings. Later studies have successfully analyzed in demographic terms the patterns of segregationist voting in the South (6, 7, 8, 13). And, finally, census variables have been related to the school desegregation process in the border states (10), a project that has been extended and is more fully reported in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents announcements related to the field of sociology. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) offers an annual prize, Socio-Psychological Prize, of $1,000 for a theoretical and experimental essay that furthers understanding of the psychological-social-cultural behavior of human beings. Entries should present a completed analysis of a problem, the relevant data, and an interpretation of the data in terms of the postulates with which the study began. The National Institute of Social and Behavioral Science will hold its regular sessions for contributed papers at the 137th annual meeting of the AAAS, December 26-31, 1970, in Chicago. The National Institute of Mental Health is accepting applications for a new one-year interdisciplinary graduate training program in sociology. The British Council for Rehabilitation of the Disabled announces that the Fourth International Study Course Seminar will take place in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, from June 28 to July 3, 1971. Peace Research Abstracts Journal is soliciting volunteers to replenish its pool of abstractors.

The February issue of "The American Sociologist," carried the announcement that the 1969 Annual Meeting would be held in San Francisco, California. "Careers in Sociology," has been distributed recently to ASA members. Additional copies are available on request from the Executive Office. "Guide to Graduate Departments of Sociology, 1969," is now ready for distribution. "Sociological Methodology," 1969 may be ordered from Jossey-Bass, Inc., San Francisco. "Issues and Trends in Sociology," a new series of readers, will he devoted to topics of salient theoretical or substantive interest and, to the extent feasible, papers will be drawn from ASA publications. The American Sociological Association recognizes the important contributions that the National Institute of Mental Health has made to sociological training and research through its Training Grant and Social Science research programs. The Association expresses its full support of these efforts, and urges that the programs he expanded with full financial support to continue to meet the growing needs of sociological knowledge in the United States.

There now is general agreement that the regulation of business is a normal function of government, providing the institutional and legal limits as well as many of the instruments through which business can be carried on. And since the behavior of business inescapably affects the general welfare, it is right and proper that the visible hand of regulation be substituted for the invisible hand of Adam Smith. But, as with most policy, the extent and character of that regulation is what is at issue. This paper (1) suggests the extension of the public utility concept to the national defense industry of airframe manufacture, and (2) argues for bold institutional inventiveness in the elaboration of the yardstick principle of regulation and social control of existing utilities through regionalizing state regulatory commissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maintenance of original value orientations and of pristine character is a crucial problem area encountered by institutions, particularly in the face of changing external or internal social circumstances. The tensions engendered in such conditions are clearly evident in sects, which provide a valuable institutional type for analysis, in that they have an explicit value commitment, are clearly circumscribed organizations, and are peculiarly self-conscious of their relations with the wider society. Some sects are markedly successful in the preservation of undiluted values of protest; others, notably those which gradually become denominationalized, are much less so. This paper seeks to distinguish and characterize distinctive types of sect, and to use such characterizations to determine the specific elements, and combinations of elements, which promote or retard such development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]