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The purpose of this paper is to investigate a class of nonassociative nilalgebras which have absolute zero divisors. If a nilalgebra is nilpotent, it, of course, possesses an absolute zero divisor. For the nilpotence of nonassociative nilalgebras, the situation however becomes quite complicated even in the finite-dimensional case. For example, Gerstenhaber [3] has conjectured the nilpotence of commutative nilalgebras. While Gerstenhaber and Myung [4] prove that any commutative nilalgebra of dimension ≦ 4 in characteristic ≠ 2 is nilpotent, Suttles [9] discovered an example of a 5-dimensional commutative nilalgebra which is solvable but not nilpotent.

It was in the turbulent 1960s that blacks in Northern industrial cities became powerful contenders in electoral politics, occasionally capturing the top elective offices in the cities. Carl B. Stokes in Cleveland and Richard Hatcher in Gary won the mayoralty races to become the first negro mayors of the respective cities in 1967, while Kenneth Gibbson was elected mayor of Newark in 1970.' Many social and political changes, some of which have been in progress for decades, have contributed to such a dramatic climax of black political victories. Some of the more salient changes to this effect include the urbanization of black population, voting rights legislation, and the achievement of a remarkable cohesion in black voting behavior. The settlement concentration of black population has shifted drastically from rural areas to urban and from the South to the North during the last fifty years as a result of black migration, most notably during and after World War 11.2 A series of civil rights legislation in the postwar years has successively lowered the barriers disenfranchising many blacks. A vigorous civil rights movement and other varieties

Pedestrian safety was recently highlighted with a yellow carpet, a yellow-colored pavement material prepared for children waiting for signals for...

European green hydra,Chlorohydra viridissima (Pallas) were tested for adaptability and predation effectiveness in natural habitats ofAedes nigromaculis (Ludlow) andCulex tarsalisCoquillet in Kern County, California from June through December, 1973. Hydra were well adapted to all habitats except Kern River seepage where their adaptability was measured at only 55.6%.Aedes nigromaculis populations were reduced 67.2% in an irrigated pasture in July.Culex tarsalis densities were reduced 33.9% in standing Kern River seepage and 79.2% in duck club ponds from September through December, 1973. TheC. tarsalis larval density in hydra treated duck club ponds remained below an average of 0.5/dip after inoculation in September. Hydra density increased at inoculation sites and significant numbers overwintered at Riverside, California without food. The practical utilization of hydra and their attributes for mosquito control are discussed.

Two acetate (acetic acid value: 52.55 and 54.23%) and a triacetate fibers were reacted with tolylene diisocynate (TDI) vapour at different temperatures under normal or reduced pressures. It is deduced that the hydroxyl groups of the acetate or the triacetate are reacted with isocyanate group and crosslinked together.This research was undertaken to modify the mechanical properties of acetate and triacetate fibers mainly by the vapour phase method. The reaction rates and the apparent activation energies of the reactions between acetate fibers and TDI were determined. The mechanical properties and the solubilities of the modified acetate and triacetate fibers were also measured.Results obtained are as follows:(1) The reaction rate increases with rise of reaction temperature and at 150°C for 1.5hr, the percentages of combined TDI become more than 40% and 10% for the acetate and for the triacetate respectively.(2) The apparent activation energies of the TDI-acetate reactions in a vapour phase are 12.8Kcal/mol for the acetate and 7.8Kcal/mol for the triacetate. This is probably due to higher affinity of the triacetate toward TDI than the acetate.(3) With an increase of the percentage of TDI combined, breaking load of the fiber remains almost constant, elongation decreases and initial modulus, yield value and elastic recovery increase.(4) Elastic recovery of the acetate fiber rises by grafting of poly (butyl acrylate) and increases further by successive TDI treatment.(5) The acetate and the triacetate combined with more than 7_??_8% of TDI become practically insoluble in acetone and methylene chloride.

1.Forty-six Negro pulmonary tuberculosis patients, all of whom had received a long term chemotherapy and were treatment failures with combination of SM, PAS and INH, were treated with CS-INH. 2.Bacteriological conversion occurred in 54 per cent at six months of therapy, 27 per cent at twelve months with 26 per cent of relapse. No relapse was found after twelve months of therapy. 3.Moderate to marked x-ray improvement occurred in 13 per cent, relapse or deterioration occurred in 10 per cent. Cavity closure occurred in 3 per cent. 4.Treatment was discontinued in three cases, or 6 per cent, because of toxicity: one because of convulsion; one for hyperreflexia and tremors; and one due to emotional changes. Other toxic symptoms were mild, temporary, and negligible. 5.It is suggested that the optimal duration of treatment with CS-INH in resistant pulmonary tuberculosis should be six months. 6.There was no significant difference between the two different doses of CS, 750 mgs. and 500 mgs. daily, in therapeutic efficacy and drug toxicity.

The Jacobson radical Rad T T for a ternary algebra T T is characterized as one of the following: (i) the set of properly quasi-invertible elements in T T ; (ii) the set of x ∈ T x \in T such that the principal right ideal ⟨ x T T ⟩ \left \langle {xTT} \right \rangle or left ideal ⟨ T T x ⟩ \left \langle {TTx} \right \rangle is quasi-regular in T T ; (iii) the unique maximal quasi-regular ideal in T T ; (iv) the set of x ∈ T x \in T such that Rad T ( x ) = T ( x ) {T^{(x)}} = {T^{(x)}} . We also obtain ternary algebra-analogs of characterization of the radicals of certain subalgebras in an associative algebra.

On the basis of study on 18 cases with renal tuberculosis diagnostic significance of the renal scanning using 203Hgneohydrin was reviewed in comparison with the finding of I.V.P.1. Renal scanning on 5 kidneys with tuberculosis, belongs to medium-sized lesion according to Lattimer's classification, disclosed excellent uptake, almost normal pattern and average 15.7% reduction of parenchymal tissue.2. Renal scanning on 5 kidneys with tuberculosis, belongs to large lesion according to Lattimer's classification, disclosed excellent or good uptake with irregular pattern, multiple less concentrated areas and average 34.3% reduction of parenchymal tissue.3.Renal scanning on 6 kidneys with tuberculosis, non-visualized on I.V.P. disclosed absent uptak in the half cases and marked or considerable decrease in functioning parenchymal tissue with irregular pattern in the another half cases.4. Renal scanning on 4 cases with tuberculosis of solitary kidney, showing hydronephrotic change on I.V.P. disclosed excellent uptake with normal pattern and the size was 70.5 cm2 in average.5. In 2 kidneys out of 10 kidneys with tuberculosis belongs to medium-sized and large session according to Lattimer's classification. renal scanning disclosed advanced destructive change of parenchymal tissue adjacent to affected calyx.6. In 7 cases out of 11 cases with unilateral renal tuberculosis. visualized normally I.V.P. renal scanning on the opposite kidney disclosed normal pattern but is the remaining cases irregular pattern with normal uptakeand size. Further study is necessitated to determine the presence of the change in the supposedly normal kidney.7. As mentioned above the finding of renal scanning is not always consistent with I.V.P. It was considered batter than I.V.P. and renal scanning should be done simultaneously for diagnosis of renal tuberculosis, because the I.V.P. depicts the collecting system well in contrast to renal scanning which depicts the status of functional parenchymal tissue well.

Durch den vorliegenden Versuch hat es sich herausgestellt, dass der intermediare Kohlehydrat-und Gasstoffwechsel in Muskel durch Hyperventilation in erheblichem Masse beeinflusst wird. In aller Kurze zusammengefasst, wird die Glykolyse in der Muskulatur durch Hyperventilation gefordert, wobei naturgemass der Zuckerverbrauch darin, im Verein mit gesteigerter Milchsaureproduktion, erhoht ist. Um den Uberschuss an dieser Milchsaure zum Teil zu oxydieren, kommt es zur Erhohung des intramuskularen O2 -Verbrauchs, andererseits aber auch der Umstand, dass infolge der Gefasserweiterung im Muskel, welche wohl unter dem Einfluss der abgenommenen Wasserstoffionenkonzentration zustande kommt, die Blutzufuhr gesteigert wird, spielt bei diesem vermehrten Sauerstoffverbrauch eine gewisse Rolle. Diese Erhohung des Sauerstoffverbrauchs fuhrt weiterhin zur Zunabme der CO2-Bildung. Das obige Ergebnis kommt dem bei Saureinfusion erhobenen1) gerade entgegen. Den beiden Experimenten, namlich der Saureinfusion und Hyperventilation ist nur gemeinsam die Abnahme der Blutkohlensaure. Die Blutreaktion ist bei Saureinfusion nach sauerer Seite hin, bei Uberventilation hingegen nach alkalischer Seite hin verschoben. Die Ursache der gerade nach entgegengesetzter Richtung stattfindenden Veranderungen des Stoffwechsels bei beiden Versuchsbedingungen ist in erster Linie in veranderter Blutreaktion zu suchen. Bemerkenswert ist hierbei, dass derartige Veranderungen im Stoffwechsel, sei es bei Verschiebung nach sauerer oder alkalischer Seite, immer in gemeinschaftlicher Weise in der Richtung, die Blutreaktion moglichstzur Norm zuruckzubringen, stattzufinden scheinen. Bei Acidosis durfte namlich, indem hier der Zuckerverbrauch in der Muskulatur abnimmt und dementsprechend auch die Milchsaureproduktion unter die Norm herabgesetzt ist, die Aziditat in Geweben mehr oder weniger abgemildert werden. Bei Alkalosis hingegen scheint die Tendenz zu bestehen, dass dank der durch Steigerung des Zuckerverbrauchs vermehrten Produktion der Milchsaure die Alkalinitat im Gewebe einigermassen abgeschwacht wird, ferner dass, indem die uberschussige Milchsaure zum Teil oxydiert wird und CO2 entwickelt, sick die durch Hyperventilation verursachte Hypokapnie vermindert.

INTRODUCTIONIt is estimated that there are approximately 500,000 patients with active pulmonarytuberculosis and less than 4,000 sanatorium beds in Korea(7). Therefore. the majority of patients including those who are infections remain at home and come to the clinic for drugs and X-rays.The importance of contact examination in tuberculosis has been recognized formany years. It is probable that the first organized scheme for the examination of contacts was in Edinburgh in 1887( 1).Attempts were made to diagnose the disease at an early stage and to institute treatment. The importance of contact examination and of the increased tuberculo3is morbidity among contacts was stressed by various authors(2 ,3). The purpose of this study is to present the morbidity rates of tuberculosis contacts and to find factors which influence it. lt is also felt that this study might give us valuable information as to the most useful methods in the control of the disease.RESULTS1. A total of 900 index case3 were registered at Chest Clinic in Severance, Red Cross, Seoul City Dongboo, Joongboo and Seoul City Yong Dung Po Hospitals in 1959. Of these index cases there were 3, 526 household contacts.2. Among these contacts 3,002, or 85.2%, were X-rayed and 357, or 11.9%, were found to have active pulmonary tuberculosis.3. The attendance was lower in the older age groups and children under ten years of age. The attendance was slightly better for female than for male contacts.4. Morbidity rates are closely related to the age, sex, extent of disease, bacteriologic status of source cases and relationship to their source cases and also according to whether they live in the same or a different room.5. The morbidity rate varies considerably accoding to the age and sex of the contacts.6. In primary tuberculosis parents were the main souκe of the infection.7. There was a considerable number of hidden source cases among the older age groups of contacts.8. The examination of contacts is the most effective way to find active cases, to make an early diagnosis and to institute treatment.

Eighteen infants were studied during surgical exploration of the posterior fossa in the sitting position. Our patient management is developed to avoid or minimize hypotension, vagal and cardiac arrhythmias, ventilation difficulties, air embolism, and abnormally low temperature.

1) Studies on Dihydrostreptomycin influence upon brain tissue and central pathway of the cochlear nerve were made by measuring oxygen consumption by the Warburg's apparatus.2) The in vitroexperiment in the case of high.concentration of Dihydrostreptomycin showed the repression of oxygen consumption in both homogenate and slice of whole brain.3) This phenomen was especially remarkable in the lower terminal nucleus.4) In the experiment in vivo, oxygen consumption decreased remarkably.5) The succinate metabolism was remarkably repressed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.6) The CO2 production increased and R.Q.became smaller.7) The significance of the treatment with vitamin B1, pantothenate, ATP prepartion and BAL was studied.

Tableting properties of a directly compressible starch are investigated. This starch appears to have many advantages over starch USP with respect to fluidity and compressibility and as such would be useful in direct compression. In addition, compressible starch gives results comparable to USP starch in terms of disintegration time and dissolution rate when used at equivalent levels. The high moisture content of compressible starch does not affect the stability of aspirin when compressed together. Amylose is shown to be the effective component of starch in terms of its disintegrant effect. Doubt is cast on the role of starch grain swelling in tablet disintegration.

The term “pulmonary heart disease," usually considered to be synonymous with “ cor pulmonale" and “ heart-lung disease," refers to right strain or hypertrophy with or without failure as a consequence of pulmonary hypertension due to increased resistance to blood flow within the pulmonary circuit.ln pulmonary tuberculosis, the gradual decrease in the pulmonary vascular bed due to fibrosis,emphysema, or both, is the major factor in the development of increased pulmonary artery resistance with its sequelae of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Impaired ventilatory function with resultant anoxia, hypervolemia, and polycythemia probably contributes to this syndrome when pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema are severe. Chronic anoxia may cause increased pulmonary artery pressure Increased blood volume in an already reduced pulmonary vascular bed contributes to the devlopment of pulmonary hypertension. Ery throcy -tosis, not always present, increases blood viscoisity, there by increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating pulmonary artery pressure. Extensive destruction of lung parenchyma may interfere with the pulmonary blood flow. Marked retractive changes or marked restriction of one or both lungs by a pleural membrane may be factors in the development of chronic cor pulmonale.Thoracic surgery in pulmonary tuberculosis such as thoracoplasty or pneumonectomy may embarrass the heart mechanically by pressure or torsion of the pulmonary vessels or may cause impaired respiratory fuction, displacement or distention of the remaining lung, which also contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension.This study deals largely with the electrocardiographic changes of right ventricular hypertrophy in far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis and surgically treated pulmonary tuberculosis.One hundred and eleven unselected pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 56 cases of far advanced long-standing discase and 55 cases in which thoracic surgery had been donc, were studied.The electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy was found to be 8. 9 percent in the non-surgical group. and 1. 8 percent in the thoracic surgcry group.Postoperative changes of the electric axis. electrical position of the heart, transitional zone of the QRS complex, T waves, and P waves were related to a shift or rotation of the heart and the mediastinum following surgery.

In primary school, the prevention of dental caries with the use of fluoride offers various difficulties regarding equipment, the means of actual administration, time and expense. Using tablets for oral washing containing 1 mg of sodium fluoride per tablet, 116 school children between the second and fourth year were made to chew 2 tablets daily after their lunch for 1 year, after which the mouth was rinsed with water, as a measure for preventing caries.Using 206 children in the same school year as controls, children of both groups were examined as to the state of carious invasion of the permanent teeth with DF (treated and untreated teeth) in comparison.As a result, in children of each school year, the percent with DF in the upper and lower jaw, the average number of carious teeth per person, and the number of involved molar tooth surfaces per person increased in both the treated and control groups after 1 year. However, the increase was smaller in the treated group. In the ratio of DF teeth in the upper and lower jaw, an increase was noted in control children but a decrease was seen in treated children.The ratio of caries inhibition in the DF teeth of treated children was calculated. In the average number of teeth per person in the upper and lower jaw, the ratio was 57.67% in the second school year, 55.63% in the third school year, and 34.62% in the fourth school year, giving a higher rate in the lower school years. However, in the average number of involved molar tooth surfaces per person, the ratio was 35.38% in the second school year, 52.83% in the third school year, and 53.33% in the fourth school year, giving a higher rate in the higher school years.The present trial using tablets containing sodium fluoride for oral washing can apparently reduce expenses and omit the complex procedure of dissolving tablets in water. Moreover, an effect of caries prevention is obtained. This then appears to represent an effective method for preventing dental caries in children.

1. Forty- six Korean patients have been treated with thiacetazone 150 mg and isoniazid 300 mg daily and another 45patients with isoniazid alone 300mg daily on an ambulatory basis. They were observed for more than 3 months.2. allergic reaction which had to stop treatment temporarily occurred in 5 cases (10. 9% )and an elevated SGOT in 3 cases (6.5%) in the thiacetazone group. There was also one case of significant fall of hemoglobinand white count. None of such case was found in INH group.3. Therapeutic effects of thiacetazonc were favorable, At 3 months of treatment sputum conversion and roentgenographic improvement occurred in 19.6%. 30.4% respectively in thiacetazone group as compared with only 6.7 %. 4.4%in INH group.4. Thiacetazone can be used successfully to certain patients at well equipped and supervised clinics. More experience is needed before advocating its widespread use.

The deep part of the sinus urogenitalis of flying-squirrel is surfaced with a 3-rowed cylindrical epithelium, but its portion between the projecting tip of the glans clitoridis and the outer orifice, about 6mm in length, is under a non-hornified stratified flat epithelium. The propria mucosae is of fibrous connective tissue.The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is similar in construction as the cropus cavernosum penis of male flying-squirrel. The glans clitoridis is covered by an epithelium in common with the inner plate of the praeputium, as the glans penis of male flying-squirrel and the glans clitoridis of man and some other animals in fetal stage.The corpus cavernosum clitoridis runs up to the apex of the glans clitoridis; its stout connective tissue in the proximal portion turns into a bony tissue in the more distal portion, which again in the distalmost end portion is replaced by a chondroid tissue. The space between the common epithelium and the cavernous body is filled up by a connective tissue rich in fibrocytes. The common epithelium is lined with the propria of loose connective tissue of the inner plate of the praeputium.The sensory fibres supplied to the clitoris are derived from the n. dorsalis clitoridis. This nerve runs forward along the ventral side of the corpus cavernosum clitoridis, while sending out a few fine branches into the tunica albuginea of the cavernous body and to the ventral side of sinus urogenitalis.The dorsal nerve does not form PACINIan bodies anywhere on its course in flying-squirrel. The tunica albuginea contains a small number only of unbranched and simple branched terminations.The sensory fibres coming into the mucous membrane of the sinus urogenitalis covered by the cylindrical epithelium originate in the n. perinealis as well as in the dorsal nerve, and are much smaller in number than those entering the cavernous part of the urethra of male flying-squirrel. No such corpuscular terminations as found in dog are found here, only unbranched and simple branched terminations being found formed sub- and intraepithelially. The terminal fibres of these terminations not rarely consist in thick fibres running winding courses while showing frequent change in size.Most of the dorsal nerve bundles run into the glans clitoridis but not a few proceed into the inner plate of the praeputium. The nerve fibres, upon coming into the glans clitoridis, spread out toward the common epithelium. Their terminations are often formed around the cavernous body, but most frequently beneath the common epithelium. Some of the fibres form intraepithelial terminations in the common epithelium.The sensory terminations characteristic to this part are the specific branched terminations, specific genital nerve bodies and the intraepithelial fibres in the common epithelium.The specific branched terminations are characterized by the frequent change in size and the irregular winding courses of their terminal fibres and the mutual anastomosis between them. The other non-specific branched terminations have fine terminal fibres showing little change in size and winding courses and are found around the cavernous body and subepithelially.The genital nerve bodies are always capsulated and may be classified into Type I and Type II, the former containing glomerular terminations and the latter branched terminations in their inner bulb. The Type I bodies comprise two subtypes; the one with rather thick terminal fibres showing perceptible change in size and the other with very fine terminal fibres in the inner bulb. Some of the genital bodies Type II are single bodies, but some are compound bodies with branched bodies. It is of interest that some of the later oftten enough encased in a stout common capsule. The branches of the compound bodies are mostly crowded together, so that it is very difficult sometimes to define their outline.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of treatment failure in pulmonary tuberculosis and the results of subsequent treatment. Patients whose sputum remained positive for acid-fast bacilli after one year's chemotherapy were classed as “ treatment failures". A hundred and fity-eight treatment failures were reviewed and following results were found. The main causes of treatment failure were (1) treatment began late in the cause of the disease and (2) irregular chemotherapy. These were due to the fact that pulmonary tuberculosis usally fails to produce any symptom which can be recognized by the patient and the tendency of patient to judge the condition of his lungs according to symptoms.The results of subsequent treatment with various anti-tuberculosis agents of treatment failure cases were very slight and there was no significant difference among the various regimens employed. Combination of various drugs showed no significant superiority over that obtained by INH alone. INH is much cheaper and so adequate for this type of patient.