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A new alkaloid, designated as veratrenone, was isolated from Veratrum album L. var. glandiflorum Maxima. and assigned formula I on the basis of the spectral data and X-ray crystallography. The alkaloid is the first compound, whose structure represents the transition between the Fritillaria and ceveratrum alkaloids.

PTH-amino acids were synthesized by EDMAN's method. PTH-amino acids were studied by high voltage filter paper electrophoresis under various conditions. The results of the electrophoresis were investigated by the ultraviolet ray. By the electrophoresis at 2000 V with pH 6 buffer, acid PTHamino acids and basic PTH-amino acids were distinctly detected, and PTHasparatic acid and PTH-asparagine, PTH-glutamic acid and PTH-glutamine were respectively confirmed. The neutral PTH-amino acids were detected by the electrophoresis with pH 4 or pH 2 or pH 1 buffer. The results of these experiments are discussed., Acta medica Nagasakiensia. 1967, 12(1-2), p.7-16

金属ウラン1gを塩酸および過酸化水素水に溶解し,蒸発乾固したのち,水30mlに溶解する.ついで臭素水2ml,クエン酸アンモニウム溶液(20%)5ml,水酸化アンモニウム(1+1)5mlおよジメチルグリオキジム(1%アルコール溶液)1mlを加えたのち,50mlに希釈し,562mμで吸光度を測定しニッケルを定量する.562mμの波長を用いることによりニッケル錯塩の吸光度の時間的変化は無視できる.まだウランによる吸収も消失する.フリルジオキシム抽出法,ジメチルグリオキシム抽出法,ヨウ素法,過硫酸塩法も同時に検討し臭素法を選定した.50ppmニッケルで精度は変動係数で0.8%あった.

La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar si las políticas públicas que hoy definen las reglas del juego para el desarrollo productivo en la agricultura permiten mitigar los efectos relacionados con el calentamiento global, y si estas son suficientes para evitar que el cambio climático presione sobre las dificultades ya existentes en el sector agrícola, o para impedir el surgimiento de nuevos factores de riesgo o amenazas que afecten la seguridad alimentaria del país. Así mismo, busca proponer algunas recomendaciones para el diseño de políticas públicas que permitan minimizar los riesgos y amenazas en relación con la adaptación de la producción agrícola al cambio climático y, por ende, asegurar el acceso físico, social y económico a los alimentos suficientes y nutritivos que satisfagan las necesidades de la población nacional y atenúen su efecto el ámbito multidimensional de la seguridad. En tal sentido, se busca responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué desafíos plantea el cambio climático a la agricultura chilena en materia de seguridad alimentaria?

Se proponen un conjunto de estrategias de lectura y poslectura.

Adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity of the rat heart muscle was studied electron-microscopically. The heart muscle was prefixed in buffered aldehydes, blendorized, incubated in the Wachstein-Meisel ATPase medium, postfixed in osmium tetraoxide, dehydrated in graded ethanol solutions, embedded in Epon, cut into thin sections, electron stained and observed on the electron microscope. ATPase activity was found in the sarcolemma, the myofibril, the mitochondria, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the nucleus of the muscle cell, the endothel cell of the blood capillary and the blood cell in the capillary. Activity of the myofibril was demonstrated in the A band, showing periodicity suggesting a relationship between the site of activity and the cross bridge.

The dry weight of calcified material and the quantities of nitrogen and of nucleic acids in bovine incisor tooth germs were determined at various stages of development to provide a basis for quantitative analysis of the growth pattern of the tooth germ. The wet weight of the fresh tooth-germ was used to express the degree of development. In the enamel organ, the peak of the ratio of ribonucleic acid to deoxyribonucleic acid, which is generally considered to indicate protein biosynthesis, was observed for germs of approximately 0.5 g, when the calcified tip appeared. Values of this ratio for the inner layer of the enamel organ revealed a more rapid decrease than those for the outer layer, suggesting that the former may contribute to the enamel matrix formation more than the latter. These marked changes in the content of nucleic acids quantitatively support the histochemical and electronmicroscopical findings of others.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on serum samples collected from North and South Gondar zones of North Western Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia to determine the sero-prevalence of foot and mouth diseases in bovine species. The samples were processed with the nonstructural protein (NSP) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that can able to differentiate foot and mouth disease (FMD) naturally infected vaccinated animals. From the total sera tested, the overall sero-prevalence of foot and mouth disease in cattle at the North and South Gondar zones was 14.9% (86/578). The prevalence rate was high in North Gondar, 17.8% (66/370), as compared to 9.6% (20/208) in South Gondar and the difference was statistically significant (χ² =7.108, p=0.008). Highest sero-prevalence was observed at Metema (62.5%), Quara (46.7%) and Alefa Takusa (34.9%) districts of North Gondar zone, which are bordering with Sudan. The difference among the districts is also statistically significant (χ²=141.115, p=0.0001). There was also a significant association between seropositivity and age groups (χ²=9.483, P=0.009) but there was no significant association between the seropositivity and sex (χ²=0.623, p=0.430). This information on sero surveillance of foot and mouth disease in cattle is important for further epidemiological studies towards developing effective foot and mouth disease control strategies, particularly in these areas where animal movement is not restricted.Keywords: Cattle, Seroprevalence, FMD, North West Amhara Region, 3ABC ELISA

The authors observed the cardiac muscular tissue with an electron microscope to try to clarify that the cardiac muscle differs from the skeletal muscle. The cardiac muscular tissue is almost the same as the skeletal muscular tissue, but, it differs in a few points. The cardiac muscular cell has many more mitochondria that the skeletal muscle cell. Myofilaments of cardiac muscular tissue are arranged in the so-called hexagonal double array, and the number of actinfilaments around one myosinfilament seems to be more than six.

Methods are described for the separation of nondialyzable material with erythropoietic activity (urinary hemopoietine), from urine of rabbits made anemic (< 5g Hb/100) by phenylhydrazine and of patients with aplastic anemia (< 5g Hb/100). The material obtained was assayed for its effects on Fe59 distribution 3 and 24 hours after tracer injection. The active extracts produced a marked increase in the rate of Fe59 clearance from plasma, and in the fraction of the injected Fe59 appearing in erythrocytes at 3 and 24 hours. Effect of the extracts was seen to be a linear function of log dose. The extracts prepared from urine of patients with aplastic anemia had a specific activity about 3 times higher than that obtained from urine of phenylhydrazine rabbits. The fractions of highest specific activity obtained from rabbit’s urine were (a) that precipitating between 50-75 per cent ethanol at pH 4.5; (b) adsorbed by kaolin at pH 4.5 and eluted at pH 7-8; and (c) adsorbed by D.E.A.E. cellulose at pH 4.5 and eluted by 0.2 M Na2HPO4 in 0.5 M. NaC1. Only the ethanol procedure was used for human urine, and it was seen that specific activities of the 0-50 and 50-75 per cent fractions were similar. The fractions obtained from human and rabbit urine showed great variability in hexose, sialic acid and hexosamine contents, and no clear correlation was apparent between gross chemical composition and erythropoietic activity. Paper electrophoresis showed the presence of a single component moving behind albumin, in both active and inactive extracts of human urine.

Under anaerobic condition the resting cells of cariogenic streptococcus strain PK-1 metabolized glucose via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and about 2 moles of lactate were formed for each mole of glucose consumed. Under aerobic condition the greater part of the glucose was also metabolized by the way of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway to pyruvate, but the pyruvate was converted not only to lactate but to acetoin, CO 2 and acetate. It is noteworthy that under aerobic condition d -lactate formation did not decrease remarkably, though l -lactate formation was decreased by half. Under aerobic condition a part of the glucose consumed was considered to be metabolized via the hexose monophosphate shunt but none of the glucose was observed to be metabolized via the citric acid cycle or the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Evidence was obtained that sucrose phosphorylase was induced in sucrose-grown cells. Fructose-1; 6-diphosphate activated the l -lactate dehydrogenase of this organism, but did not activate d -lactate formation. However, the effect was less than that on the lactate dehydrogenase of some other streptococci.

First of all, the free sugars in pus from the gingival pockets of periodontitis, and pus of alveolar and gingival abscess were observed by paperchromatography. Secondly, the relation between total weight, glucose content in pus and exudate from gingival pockets and the severity of periodontitis, the pocket depth, sex and age was quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of blood sugar level upon the glucose concentration in gingival pocket fluid of periodontitis associated with diabetes mellitus was examined. As the results, glucose spot was detected in all cases of periodontitis, alveolar and gingival abscess. Besides glucose, ribose and desoxyribose spots also were found in some cases of involvement mentioned above. The amount of pus was proportional to the severity of periodontitis and an increase of pocket depth. In addition, the weight of exudate was more increased in periodontitis than in clinically healthy gingiva. A characteristic finding was not obtained from sex and age differences. In glucose concentration per 1mg of gingival pocket fluid it was found that in clinically healthy gingiva it was approximately equal to the blood sugar level of healthy person (70-110 mg%) and it was increased slightly in periodontitis than in clinically healthy gingiva. And in periodontitis the tendency to decrease gradually proportionally to the severity of inflammation was shown. In the cases of periodontitis involving diabetes with hyperglycemia glucose content in gingival pocket fluid was increased, as the blood sugar level was increased. It is pointed out that an increase of glucose consumption in gingival tissue may be related to an increased severity of diabetes. Finally, there was a close correlation between the glucose concentration per 1 mg of pus and that of exudate in the same patient of periodontitis. This finding is regarded as evidence that tissue fluid may always exude through the gingival pocket epithelial layer into the gingival pocket.

The tissue fluid flowing into 129 human gingival pockets of upper anterior teeth in 15 minutes was collected on strips of alter paper. The tissue fluid from each pocket was weighed and the ninhydrin positive substance or free amino acids contained in it was estimated. These results were compared with clinical and histological findings. The weights of tissue fluid and the amounts of ninhydrin positive substance from all clinically healthy gingival pockets were found to be almost the same. There was a correlation between the tissue fluid weight and the amount of the ninhydrin positive substance in every type of periodontal disease. The amount of ninhydrin positive substance tended to increase with the progress of this disease. In many cases the amount of the ninhydrin positive substance increased where inflammatory cell infiltration and degeneration in subepithelial tissue and/ or cell infiltration and roughness in pocket epithelium were recognized. The small amount of free amino acids per mg of tissue fluid was recognized in the case of gingivitis. The amount increased sharply in the case of slight periodontitis, but in the case of severe periodontitis, decreased slightly on the contrary of increase in the total ninhydrin positive substance.

IT IS WELL known that, on diets containing sucrose, a gelatinous and voluminous plaque develops on the tooth surface (CARLSSON and EGELBERG, 1965). It has also been shown that extracellular polysaccharides, which consist of dextran and levan, are produced from sucrose by certain strains of cariogenic streptococci, whereas noncariogenic strains formed only trace amounts (ZINNER et a/., 1965; KRASSE, 1965 ; GIBBONS et al., 1966). GIBBONS and BANGHART (1967) reported on the synthesis of extracellular dextran by cariogenic streptoccci and on its presence in human dental plaque. This paper deals with the formation of levan in dental plaque suspension by using uniformly labelled 14C-sucrose (“Sucrose-U-14C”) f rom the Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., Japan and fructose labelled 14C-sucrose (“Sucrose-F-14C”) as substrates and with the levels of levan and dextran in human dental plaque. The sucrose-F-14C was prepared enzymatically from uniformly labelled 14Cfructose (0 * I mc, sp. act. 10 mc/mmole) according to the method of WOLOCHOW et al. (1949) and purified by paper chromatography, purity being confirmed by radioautographic localization. Dental plaque was obtained from four individuals who had not brushed their teeth for 24 hr and had not eaten for at least 12 hr. It was collected from all surfaces of the teeth and suspended in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7 -2). The formation of extracellular polysaccharide was studied by adding to 1 a0 ml of a suspension of plaque, 0 -35 ml of phosphate buffer (pH 7 *2,0 1 M) and 0 + 15 ml of 0 -2 M solution of sucrose-U-‘4C or sucrose-F-14C, specific activity 0.025 mc/mmole. Extracellular polysaccharide synthesis took place at 35°C in an atmosphere of nitrogen and was terminated by heat treatment (1OO’C for 3 min). Samples at zero time were heated before the addition of substrate. The reaction mixtures were centrifuged for 15 min (13,000 rev/min) at 0°C. The precipitated cells were treated with 2 ml of 0.1 M acetic acid to dissolve extracellular polysaccharides (GIBBONS et al., 1966; HOBSON and MACPHERSON, 1954): the best condition for polysaccharide extraction was not, however, elucidated. After deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid (to a final concentration of 5 per cent), the extracts were mixed with the supernatant, which was cell-free. The mixtures were then dialyzed against tap water for 18 hr in order to remove soluble carbohydrates. The non-dialyzable fraction was assayed for carbohydrates, using the anthrone method (HODGE and HOFREITER, 1962) and its

The performances of young rats fed ad libitum during 55 days on casein and gluten diets with 4 and 8 NDpCal% were studied. The gluten diets contained about 1.7 and 3.6 times more protein (g/l00 g diet) than the casein diets. At the low level of utilizable protein the rats on both diets showed a malnutrition syndrome in many ways similar to the protein-calorie malnutrition described in children. At this inadequate protein level gluten was more effective than casein to depress food intake. The rats on gluten showed: poorer growth performance, higher relative weight of kidney and lower relative weight of testes, higher body water and protein contents, higher protein concentration in the liver, lower hepatic glycogen, lower hemoglobin and higher hepatic activity (U/100 g rat) of aspartate aminotransferase than the rats on casein. At the 8 NDpCal% level the rats on gluten showed: higher dietary intake, better growth performance, higher relative weights of kidneys and liver, lower body water and total oxygen consumption, higher hemoglobin and hematocrit, higher activity for aspartate and alanine aminotransferase in the liver (U/100 g rat), than the animals on casein. The rats on both diets with 8 NDpCal% looked lively, but those on gluten appeared to be older than those on casein. In the experimental conditions some of the differences found between the rats on casein and those on gluten: growth and nitrogen gain performance, hemoglobin and hematocrit seem to be related to the intake and not to the quality of the protein consumed; enzyme activities could be in relation to the protein value of the diet, as well as to the concentration of each protein; increased relative weight of liver and kidney could be related to the protein concentration in the diet. Diets of the same protein value with quite different composition may cause adaptive responses in the animal, which must be taken into account if compensating protein quality by quantity is intended in human diets.

Intravenous administration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (T.R.H.) induces a prompt rise in immunoassayable thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) and triiodothyronine (T3) in normal man. Basal T.S.H. levels are high in primary hypothyroidism and rise dramatically after T.R.H. In patients with hypothyroidism secondary to pituitary disease basal T.S.H. levels are low and show no increase with T.R.H. In contrast, 2 patients with hypothalamic hypothyroidism had nil basal levels of T.S.H., which rose normally after T.R.H. administration. Basal T3 levels were low in all forms of hypothyroidism and did not rise after T.R.H. administration. The failure of T3 to increase normally after T.R.H. in the 2 patients with hypothalamic hypothyroidism in the face of a normal T.S.H. stimulation test suggests a diminished thyroidal reserve in these patients. Intravenous T.R.H. administration may prove of value in the simultaneous assessment of pituitary and thyroidal reserve.

1. 1. The isolation of tRNA from the liver of the shark Mustelus mento is described. The prcedure involves phenol extraction, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and isopropanol fractionation. The obtained fractions were analyzed by plyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. 2. The tRNA was shown to have an intact 3' end and to accept the four amino acids tested with homologous aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 3. 3. Analytical centrifuge analysis gave a sedimentation coefficient of S20,w=4·01. 4. 4. Thermal denaturation profiles were compared to other tRNAs.