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The Yamuna catchment up to Kalanur is studied. The representative character of limited pluviograph data was determined using the storm index concept. After establishing a relationship between the limited pluviograph data and areal rainfall data, the possible effects of areal rainfall variation on the use of limited data was studied. A simulated temporal rainfall pattern for the area was then worked out and applied in the unit graph analysis, which led to the development of interesting relationships between rainfall intensity, Antecedent Precipitation Index and Phi-Index on the one hand and the API-IL relationships on the other. These two put together have given rise to a reasonable peak trend prediction diagram for the Yamuna catchment up to Kalanur.

Episome F' ts114 lac+, his+ (F42-400) was transferred from Salmonella typhimurium to Klebsiella pneumoniae. From the progeny, a strain of K. pneumoniae able to retransfer the episome was obtained. The His+ phenotype in this strain is temperature sensitive. Escherichia coli female-specific phages phiII, W31, and T3 were shown to plate on K. pneumoniae. From phiII we obtained two derivatives; phiIIK, which plates only on K. pneumoniae, and phiIIE, which plates only on E. coli. Growth of phages T3 and phiIIK was inhibited by F42-400 in K. pneumoniae. Growth in presence of acridine orange in a defined medium at 40 C resulted in a high level of curing. The frequency of His+ cells after growth in acridine orange at 40 C was 0.001%. An extensive search to detect chromosome mobilization by F42-400 in K. pneumoniae, under different experimental conditions, was negative. We cannot exclude the possibility that the low transfer efficiencies prevented our detection of chromosome mobilization. A search among temperature-resistant, acridine orange-curing-resistant, or galactose-resistant derivatives of the K. pneumoniae donor strain failed to reveal any chromosome transfer. Our failure to detect Hfr's may be a result of: (i) the peculiarity of episome F42-400, (ii) the peculiarity of K. pneumoniae chromosome, or (iii) low transfer efficiency. K. pneumoniae-modified F42-400 and phage 424 were restricted by E. Coli K-12. E. coli K-12-modified episome F42-400 and phage 424 were restricted by K. pneumoniae. E. coli C failed to restrict F42-400 modified with K. pneumoniae specificity. The ability of K. pneumoniae to accept F42-400 is less, by about a factor of 50, than that of E. coli C. As an explanation for the differences in the behavior of E. coli C and K. pneumoniae in ability to receive F42-400 it was suggested that recipient bacteria have specific sites for interaction with the F-pilus tip; these are present in E. Coli C, leading to high transfer efficiency, whereas they may not be present (or if present, are not accessible) in K. pneumoniae, leading to low transfer efficiency.

The Mossbauer spectra have been obtained at room temperature for one synthetic and six natural ilmenite samples. Spectra for most of these samples have not been studied earlier. The isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings of the natural specimens are compared with the values obtained for the synthetic sample. On the basis of the Mossbauer spectra ilmenites of primary (igneous) origin could be distinguished from the secondary types. Using Mossbauer spectra the quantitative estimates of iron in these ores compares favourably with the standard chemical methods. Es werden die Mosbauerspektren bei Raumtemperatur an einem synthetischen und sechs naturlichen Ilmenitproben gemessen. Die Spektren der meisten dieser Proben wurden bisher noch nicht untersucht. Die isomere Verschiebung und Quadrupolaufspaltung der naturlichen Proben wurden mit den Werten verglichen, die an der synthetischen Probe gemessen wurden. Auf der Grundlage der Mosbauerspektren konnte Ilmenit primaren (Hochsttemperatur) Ursprungs unterschieden werden von sekundaren Arten. Mit den Mosbauerspektren wurde die quantitative Bestimmung von Eisen in diesen Erzen erfolgreich mit den chemischen Standardmethoden verglichen.

The equal sensation matching technique has been applied, to a situation in which subjects were seated in a car seat without any restraints, and random foot vibration was used as a datum to yield a subjectively judged equal-sensation contour for sinusoidal body vibration. The same random foot vibration was then compared with random body vibration to find a new datum. The equal sensation random body vibration was used as a datum to yield equal-sensation contours for sinusoidal foot vibration. The loop was concluded by comparing the previously obtained sinusoidal vibration of the feet to that of the body on equal-sensation basis. This procedure gave two sets of results for equal sensation body vibration. Since the second was derived via three equal sensation experiments and agreed well with the first this experiment gives good substantiation of the equal sensation technique. The information on equal sensation for foot and body vibration could find application in the field of vehicle ride research.

In two different cell fusion experiments a synchronized population of HeLa cells, prelabeled with 3H-TdR, was fused with an unlabeled one using inactivated Sendai virus. In the first experiment, HeLa cells in early G2 phase which were exposed to either 4 °C, cycloheximide, actinomycin D or X-irradiation were fused separately with untreated and more advanced G2 cells. A comparison of the rates of mitotic accumulation (in the presence of Colcemid) for the various classes of mono- and binucleate cells revealed that the hybrid (binucleate) cells were intermediate between those of the advanced and the retarded parental types indicating that the chromosome condensing factors of the advanced component were diluted as a result of such fusion. The manner in which the retarding effects of actinomycin D and cycloheximide were reversed in the hybrid cells suggested that proteins had a major role as chromosome condensing factors in the G2 mitotic transition. In the second experiment, when S phase HeLa cells were fused with those in G2, the resulting heterophasic (S/G2) binucleate cells reached mitosis at about the same time as the homophasic (S/S) cells of the lagging parent indicating a complete dominance of the S over the G2 with regard to their progress towards mitosis. However, the addition of Mg2+ (2 × 10−2 M of MgCl2) to the medium helped the G2 nuclei to enter mitosis asynchronously, which consequently induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) in the S phase component. These data suggested that in the heterophasic (S/G2) binucleate cells the S phase component caused decondensation of the G2 chromatin thus blocking it from entering into mitosis. This effect which did not appear to be dose-dependent could be neutralized and the G2 nuclei relieved from this repression by an external supply of Mg2+ ions.

The modified versions of Improved TIR08 Operational Satellite Series ITOS-D (NOAA 2) and subsequent future satellites of U.S.A. shall hava Scanning Radiometer (S.R.) on board for direct read out of data both in the day as well as visible picture portion, which are infrared as well as visible picture portion, which are recorded said, to yield pictures of a width which is only one third of the AVCS pictures of ESSA-8 satellites. As these pictures of such narrow size are of only limited use to the forecasters, therefore a method has been developed to expand these pictures. It uses an APT recorder working at 48 r.p.m with double the normal speed of paper take and replacement of papar take and replacement of 3600-helix (full helix) wire by 1800-helix (half-helix) wire on the drum of the dimension recommended for normal reception of NOAA-2 pictures.

The Mössbauer effect in a number of europium (III) complexes with ligands having nitrogen or oxygen as donor atoms has been studied at room temperature. A comparison of the resonance effects indicates significant differences between several of the complexes. High resonance effects are correlated with the polymeric nature of the complexes. The isomer shifts of the complexes have also been interpreted on the basis of the participation of 6s or/and 4f or 5p orbitals in the bond formation.

Diallyl o-phthalate (DAP) was polymerized by $gamma$ radiation from a $sup 60$Co source and the kinetics of polymerization were studied at several dose rates and temperatures. The results show that the rate of polymerization was proportional to I$sup 0$.$sup 68$, where I is the radiation dose rate. The net activation energy of the polymerization reaction (E/sub p/-1/2E/sub t/) was 5.02 kcal/mole, where E/sub p/ and E/sub t/ are the activation energies for the propagation and termination steps, respectively. The radical yield G/sub R/ for DAP was measured by the loss of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) used as a radical scavenger. G/sub R/ in the solution after irradiation was 3.12. The ratio of the rate constants k$sup 2$/sub p//k/sub t/ was calculated to be 4.09 x 10$sup - 7$ at 25.8$sup 0$C and 15.0 x 10$sup -7$ at 55.4$sup 0$C. At room temperature, the ratio of degradative chain transfer constant to k/sub p/, i.e., k/sub u//k/ sub p/ was found to be 0.065 and k/sub tr//k/sub u/ as 0.032, where k/sub tr/ is the nondegradative chain-transfer constant. Molecular weights of these polymers as determined by vapor pressure osmometry showed that the degree of polymerization was between 8 and 10. Infrared spectramore » of the polymers indicated that intramolecular cyclization took place during polymerization. (auth)« less

Interspecific hybrids between two species of amoeba, A. proteus and A. indica have been produced by reciprocal nuclear transfer after enucleating the host cells. In the hybrid cells the diameter of the transplanted nucleus changes to that characteristic of the host cell nucleus. In the combination of A. indica nucleus and A. proteus cytoplasm (I n P c ), nuclear enlargement occurs within 24 h after transplantation and reaches the size of A. proteus nucleus before the first cell division. In the combination of A. proteus nucleus and A. indica cytoplasm (P n I c ), nuclear diameter is reduced to the size of A. indica nucleus following the first cell division after nuclear transfer. Experiments involving the recombination of hybrid nucleus and cytoplasm with their original parental type of nucleus and cytoplasm show that the nucleus of the hybrid cell is irreversibly changed and becomes non-functional with its original cytoplasm. The hybrid cytoplasm can accept a parental type of nucleus and yet function normally.

Acrylic acid (AA) and acrylonitrile (AN) were used to carry out grafting on polyester (PE) fibers using the techniques of initiation by γ-radiation as well as benzoyl peroxide. The nature of the grafted fiber substance was found to be the same, irrespective of the grafting technique. Extent of grafting depended upon the time, concentration of the initiator, and the monomer as well as on the irradiation dose. The increase in the moisture regain was directly proportional to the amount of graft in the fiber. AA grafted fibers were rendered more hydrophilic than AN grafted fibers for equivalent amount of grafts. Considerable improvement in dyeability of the PE fibers was possible through grafting. About 50% to 100% improvement with disperse dyes was observed in case of PE fibers containing 22.4% and 9.0% graft of AA and AN, respectively. Intense fast dyeing with direct and basic (cationic) dyes was also possible, and the dye content was proportional to the extent of graft introduced in the fiber. The CN groups were reduced to NH2 groups in the AN graft on the fiber. In this way, deep, fast, and bright dyeing was obtained with reactive dyes. Electrokinetic studies were carried out on the grafted fibers. With the increased amount of AA graft, the maxima in the zeta potential curve shifted toward higher acidic pH as greater amounts of alkali was utilized by the COOH groups in the graft. In this respect, CN groups were less sensitive due to their lesser polarity as compared to the carboxylic groups. It was observed from surface charge density (S.C.D.) studies that the effective surface area of the fiber decreased with the increase in the amount of graft, particularly in case of AN graft. Surface conductivity (S.C.) studies revealed that with increase in the number of polar groups (COOH) on the surface of the fiber, the S.C. increased with the increase in the amount of AA graft. In case of AN grafts, the reduction in effective surface area of the fiber played a more important role than the contribution by the CN groups to surface conductivity.

The elemental and isotopic composition of Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe were measured in the bulk soil samples obtained from Luna 16 and 20 missions. The average cosmic ray exposure ages for the Luna 16 soils is higher than that of Luna 20 soils. The trapped solar wind composition is deduced by correcting for the cosmogenic component and is found to be in good agreement with the values published by others. The correlation between the solar wind gases and cosmic ray tracks in lunar samples is quantitatively studied and some systematic features regarding lunar regolith dynamics are tentatively established.

When plants of Coix aquatica Roxb. were grown in isolation or bagged, with removal of staminate spikelets several produced one or two seeds, and one plant formed several seeds. These were presumably formed through apomixis, of the autogamous type. Apomixis occurs side by side with sexual reproduction, and is therefore facultative. The fact that one of the plants grown under the same conditions had higher apomictic seed set than others, and both its apomictic and selfed progeny also showed higher apomictic seed formation suggests that these have greater apomictic potentialities than others. Genetic analysis of apomixis suggests that it is recessive to sexuality, and is probably governed by a number of genes. A few triploids tested did not show any apomictic seed set indicating that polyploidy per se may not be responsible for initiation of apomixis. Except that it is a diploid, C. aquatica seems to fulfil the criteria for apomixis, yet it reproduces predominantly by sexual means.

Cobalt-60 gamma ray induced polymerization of vinylidine chloride has been studied, as an example of precipitating type of polymers. The percentage conversion of the monomer was not linear with the absorbed dose but showed acceleration. By studying the initial part of the curve which was linear, the initial rates of polymerization have been determined for different temperatures and dose rates. The dose rate exponent was found to be 0.48, and the energy of activation was observed to be 7.4 kcal/mol. The radical yield was determined by competition reaction with a stable free radical DPPH using the induction period method and GR was found to be 21.0. The intrinsic viscosities of the polymers have been determined in o-dichlorobenzene at 120°C. The results show a maximum in molecular weight as the radiation dose is increased. These results as well as the results on the dose rate exponent, and energy of activation are discussed.

The decaying plasmas in neon and xenon were subjected to ~3 GHz absorption at `plasma resonance.' The dependence of the second harmonic emission on the input excitation amplitude and neutral gas pressure is described. Low frequency amplitude fluctuations are also observed on the second harmonic amplitude.

The pollen morphology of 49 species belonging to 48 genera and 31families ia recorded in this paper. Of these 24 and 19 taxa are studiedat generic and species level respectively.Six species are redescribed toshow the variations in the local pollen grains. In most of the speciesstudied presently the characters were similar to those recorded previouslyfor the respective families. The variations seen in some of the taxa withregard to wall characters,nature of the apertures,etc. are poninted out.The present observations ace comparatively discussed with reference to previous literature.

Based on quantitative precipitin theory, it is possible to identify some sugar groupings in a polysaccharide molecule by immunochemical cross-reactions. The structural features of some type-specific pneumococcal polysaccharides are shown and the reasons for their cross-reactions in different antipneumococcal sera are discussed. Verification of these conclusions was made by studying the cross-reactions of different polysaccharides having similar sugar grouping, in these sera. Hualtaco and mangle gums precipitated antibodies in different antipneumococcal sera and the reasons for this are discussed from the structural point of view. Immunochemical methods are also of great help in establishing the homogeneity of a polysaccharide. Some limitations to the use of this method for identifying the sugar residues in a polysaccharide molecule are also indicated. One of them could be explained on the basis of stereochemical identity of some monosaccharide units, as in the case of 3-O-methyl-D-galactose and L-fucose. The largest dimensions of antibody combining sites are complementary to those of an oligosaccharide containing six hexopyranose units. Studies on the size and shape of this molecule will help in making the inhibition technique more widely applicable. Immunochemical methods are becoming more useful in structural polysaccharide chemistry. Polysaccharides are the third largest group of biopolymers; they have attracted the attention of chemists for more than a century. Structural elucidations of these substances are challenging problems to organic chemists, and a major break-through was achieved with Haworth's methods of methylation. Oxidation by periodate, Barry and Smith degradation and graded hydrolysis are some of the well-known methods used to interpret the structural details of these macromolecules'. Spectral methods2 have recently been utilized for characterizing the small fragments isolated from various derivatives of polysaccharides. Aspects such as size and shape have not been studied using physicochemical methods, except in a few cases such as cellulose and starch, although this problem is important in understanding the behaviour of these molecules in solution. The three-dimensional structure of monosaccharide molecules can be ascertained by x-ray crystallography. Indeed, substantial progress has been made in the structural elucidation of polysaccharides but much remains to be understood. This is mainly due to the polyfunctional nature of the monosaccharide units in the polymer

Two new species of Protomlcroplitis Ashmcad, viz., longiterebrus and punctatus are described from Marathwada, India.

A modern large ac generator draws excitation power from an ac exciter through a rectifier bridge. If the generator loses synchronism and slips with respect to the system the field current cannot reverse d the rectifier cells are subjected to inverse voltages. This situation has been modelled in the laboratory with a micro-machine and step-by-step calculations have been made which correlate with the laboratory tests. Calculated values using the parameters of a large machine are compared with measured values of inverse voltage.

A new approach to the dating of uranium minerals using the spontaneous fission of uranium is proposed. The method involves thermal neutron irradiation of samples followed by mass spectrometric analysis of the xenon fractions released from them during stepwise heating. The potential advantages of the technique are the following: no separate explicit measurement of uranium is required, the error in age measurement due to inhomogeneous uranium distribution in samples is eliminated, and any diffusive loss of spontaneous fission xenon from less retentive sites is allowed for.

The isomer shifts, quadrupole splittings, and magnetic hyperfine splittings of iron in α-Fe–Be: FeBe5, α-Fe–Nb, γ-Fe–Nb, α-Fe–Ru, γ-Fe–Ru, FeTe2, α-Fe–Ir, and γ-Fe–Ir alloys are measured using the Mossbauer effect. Some of these studies were carried out as a function of temperature in the temperature range 60 to 300 °K. All of the systems except FeBe5 and γ-Fe–Ir are studied for the first time. A possible new magnetic transition above 77 °K in the ϵ-phase of the Fe–Nb (30 at% Nb) alloy has been found. In FeTe2 a magnetic transition reported earlier from the susceptibility data is confirmed by these Mossbauer studies. The experimental results are explained in terms of the electronic configuration and the structure of these alloys. Isomere Verschiebung, Quadrupolaufspaltung und magnetische Hyperfeinaufspaltung von Eisen wurden in α-Fe–Be-: FeBe5; α-Fe–Nb-, ϵ-Fe–Nb-, α-Fe–Ru-, γ-Fe–Ru-, FeTe2-, α-Fe–Ir- und γ-Fe–Ir-Legierungen mit dem Mosbauereffekt gemessen. Einige dieser Untersuchungen wurden als Funktion der Temperatur im Bereich von 60 bis 300 °K durchgefuhrt. Alle Systeme bis auf FeBe5 und γ-Fe–Ir wurden zum ersten Male untersucht. Ein moglicher neuer magnetischer Ubergang oberhalb 77 °K in der ϵ-Phase der Fe–Nb (30 At% Nb)-Legierung wurde gefunden. In FeTe2 wird ein fruher aus Suszeptibilitatsdaten gefundener magnetischer Ubergang durch diese Mosbaueruntersuchungen bestatigt. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden mit der elektronischen Konfiguration und der Struktur dieser Legierungen erklart.

An investigation into the measurement of head and shoulder vibration while walking has been made and the results presented in this paper.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were treated with ultraviolet radiation or the alkylating agents, nitrogen mustard or trenimon, and chromosome damage to G2 phase cells were scored by the premature chromosome condensation (PCC) method or the metotic chromosome method. Treatment with these agents produced gaps but not chromatid breaks or exchanges. After UV treatment, the gap frequency observed in G2-PCC was higher than in the mitotic chromosomes, while the reverse trend was observed after treatment with nitrogen mustard or trenimon. These results suggest that two types of chromosome gaps exist, both of which are observable in mitotic chromosomes while only one type is observable in PCC due to differences in the stages of condensation between PCC and mitotic chromosomes.

A new method is described to visualize chromosome damage in interphase cells immediately after exposure to mutagenic agents. This method involves the fusion of treated interphase cells with untreated mitotic cells which results in the induction of premature chromosome condensation (PCC). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were treated with X-rays and chromosome aberrations were scored in G2-PCC and the mitotic chromosomes. The incidence of aberrations was significantly higher in PCC than that observed in the mitotic chromosomes of the treated cells. Post-irradiation incubation for I h before fusion allowed the repair of some of the chromosome damage. Data are also presented which indicate that the extent of radiation damage visualized in PCC is inversely proportional to the degree of chromosome condensation. These results indicate that the PCC method has a greater senstivity in the detection of induced chromosome damage than the standard method of scoring metaphase chromosomes.

Certain developmental and anatomical studies on D. sansibarensis Pax are briefly reported. (1) Stem diameter, internodal length, vessel diameter, distribution and number of vascular bundles in internodes (from base to apex) are determined. There is no correlation between vessel size and stem diameter. Cut stems left in water develop tyloses. (2) Roots are all polyarch. The development and structure of the vessels are discussed. Xylem and phloem differentiation in the root tip is determined. A central meristem at the root apex gives rise to the different tissues in the root. Raphide development in root cortex is traced. (3) Both alternate and opposite leaf arrangements occur, sometimes on the same plant, and there is a correlation between stem thickness and leaf arrangement. During leaf development the lamina length exceeds the width, but the two dimensions reach their maximum size at the same time. The acuminate leaf-tip matures before the rest of the leaf. Stomatal development is traced.

Kinetics of radiation-induced grafting of acrylamide (Aam) and acrylic acid (Aa) to nylon 6 fabric were investigated employing a mutual radiation technique. Copper sulfate was used as the radical scavenger to reduce homopolymer formation. Formic acid was used for swelling, and its effect on grafting was studied. Maximum amount of grafting was doubled when formic acid was used for swelling nylon prior to, but not during, irradiation. The rate of grafting was not significantly affected if it was carried out in an atmosphere of air instead of nitrogen. The effect of monomer concentration, dose rate, and total dose on grafting has been studied. Rate of grafting was significantly higher when lower dose rates and monomer concentrations were used. Saturation grafting was proportional to monomer concentration up to 2.1M. Initial rate of grafting was proportional to monomer concentration. The rate of grafting of Aam was proportional to the dose rate to the power 0.25–1.0. A synergestic effect was noticed during grafting with mixtures of Aam and Aa (80:20; 20:80). Grafted fabrics showed considerable increase in moisture regain. Dyeability and tensile properties of the grafted fabrics were not significantly affected by grafting. Aa-grafted fabrics did not melt up to 320°C, whereas untreated nylon melts at 215°C.

Values of (Palmer’s) drought index computed for 23 sub-divisions of India for a period of about 60 years have been examined by power spectrum method. Very few of the peaks are significant as 95 percent level though persistence in the some sub-divisions is indicated. No definite periodicity could be recognized in these series and even the oscillatory character noted in some of them need further critical examination.

Trichloroethylene has been radiolysed by γ-rays and a number of products have been isolated and their G values have been determined. HCl is one of the products whose yield is very large at low doses and decreases as the dose increases. A mechanism has been suggested for the formation of HCl and also other products.

Relationship for the transformation of percentage values, plotted in a conventional regular tetrahedron, to 3-dimensional cartesian co-ordinates is derived to facilitate the calculation of statistical measures. Regression relationship is worked out using the recomputed values for six basalt compositions (data taken fromVemban, 1947) to numerically generalise the trend of crystallization.

Analyses are reported on fresh leaves of some Indian flora for their % nitrogen, dry matter and extractable protein nitrogen contents, ash, fibre and the amino-acids, lysine and methionine. There were wide variations in the nitrogen content of the leaves and the proportion of extractable protein nitrogen. The crude isolated materials have protein content varying from 34.2% in Tamarind to 77.4% in Scsbania. The crude isolates obtained from several sources had appreciable protein content and these warrant further studies as to their dietary value in deficient diets. The methionine and lysine contents of these proteins varied from 1.3% to 2.2% and 3% to 4% respectively. Some of the proteins isolated are potentially useful for supplementation of cereal diets deficient in lysine and methionine.

LOW energy solar flare protons induce nuclear reactions in barium isotopes in lunar materials and meteorites with the emission of a few nucleons. Such interactions give rise to the possibility that a compositionally distinct component exists in lunar (also in meteorites) xenon. This component is different from the galactic cosmic ray induced component which in general is produced by the emission of several nucleons. In case of radioactive and stable nuclides, it was shown1–3 that the isotope production by solar cosmic rays in the near surface regions of lunar rocks is limited to the top few millimetres while at greater depths the galactic cosmic rays play the major role. The lunar fines, on the other hand, represent an average of both the galactic and solar cosmic ray effects. Indications of solar flare produced isotopic effects in the light rare gases from Apollo 11, 12 fines have been reported by Yaniv et al. in the Apollo 12 Conference at Houston, 1971 and in case of krypton in Apollo 11 fines by Podosek et al.4. Here we have analysed in detail the Xe data5,6 obtained in the stepwise heating experiments on soil 10,084 and rocks 10,044 and 10,057 from Apollo 11 with a specific aim of understanding the effects of galactic and solar cosmic rays on lunar surface.

Analysis of abundance patterns of rare gases Ne22, Ar36, Kr84 and Xe130 on Earth and in ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites is presented. A mechanism of chemical adsorption of rare gases at the planetesimal stage during their accretion is proposed to generate the abundance pattern of the heavy rare gases on the Earth. The calculated values for Xe and Kr agree well with the observed values whereas for Ar, the agreement is poor.

In the radiolysis of aqueous solutions of indole, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-propionic acid, 1-naphthylacetic acid and phenylacetic acid, the absolute rate constants of their reactions with H and OH have been determined by competition kinetics using 2-propanol as the competitor. Hydrated electron reaction rate constants have been determined for indoie, indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-propionic acid at pH = 11 using the decay of the hydrated electron generated by the photolysis of OH− in a H2 saturated solution. The rate constants have been compared with literature values for other indole derivatives.

The relationship between sunshine over Bombay and the factors (i) cloudiness, (ii) rainfall and (iii) rainy days has been examined for the rainy months, May to November. All the C.Cs. are negative. For cloud the magnitude is 0. 8 to0. 9. The C. Cs. are rather low for rainfall in the most intense monsoon months of Chicago July and August and statistically insignificant. With rainy days the C.C. is generally improved but July continues to be low. Sunshine in any month is not significantly correlated with the other months.