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My advice to New Freshmen Some of the advice I am going to give I should of taking it myself. In high school they usually passed you on your good looks, but this is not true in college. They pass you on what you have learn. In my high school days I didn't work to hard in English and now I am paying for it. If I would of appyeid myself durning those four years in high school I wouldn't be taking English A now, and you wouldn't be wasting your time on me. I though I would get out of English A with no worried at all, but to my surprise I found out yesterday that I would be taking it again. So now come the advice, first do everything the teacher tell you to do. Get your homework in on time. When there is a test coming up study for it, don't go home and watch television. Take you time on writing a theme, put some thought into it. Don't make it look like this one, full of errors, wrong verbs tense, misspelled words and sentence fragments. Now you can see how dumb I am in English by this theme I am writing. As you sit there reading this master piece of writing, you say it can't happen to me. But you're wrong it can happen to little old you and if you aren't careful it will. Has I was saying please don't let it happen to you, because I know you can't put up with Mr. Herman for another semester. God Please Havy Mercy on his students.

It has often been said that the commercial rating services are “the only game in town.” Thus far, the academic researchers usually have left it up to the operators of the “game” to test and refine their methods. The following article is one of the exceptions: an interesting methodological study of how people respond when queried in different ways about their viewing. Dr. Green‐berg is associate professor of communication at Michigan State University; Miss Dervin and Mr. Dominick are graduate students in the same department.

CONCERN about the effects of television centers around the belief that violence portrayed on the screen encourages young people to be aggressive. Preoccupation with the effects of violence has resulted in a lack of perspective as to the effects of television in a more general sense. The aim of this paper is to look at the effects of violence on television but try to keep in mind the broader issues. Perhaps Schramm’s [1] conclusion is the most appropriate starting point “For some children, under some conditions, some television is harmful. For other children under the same conditions, or for the same children under other conditions it may be beneficial. For most children, under most conditions, most television is probably neither harmful nor particularly beneficial”. I feel that effects can usefully be classified into three categories. Firstly, that children can learn (acquire information) from television: secondly, that children may imitate behaviours that they see on television: and thirdly, that children may display interpersonal aggression as a result of watching violence on television. There is some evidence to indicate that television does provide children with an opportunity to learn. Schramm et al. [l] state that learning from television is usually incidental. Children watch to be entertained. In young children watching television gives them a much broader view of life than those who do not, for these are dependent on their own observations of the world around them, because they cannot yet read. With increased age television loses its advantage as a door to information and merely becomes a doorway to fantasy. With increased age those who watch television less should have time to learn and gain experience from other means. Schramm er al. [l] suggest that it is largely the factor of novelty which attracts attention on the media and hence it is with younger less well experienced children that learning from television will have most effect. With very young children they cannot tell reality from fantasy therefore they are influenced as much by television as they are by all the new things around them. As they get older they realize that television is fantasy and they feel less associated with it. Learning is influenced by the amount of identification with specific characters, and the child can store up for future use the opinions and attitudes of these characters, just as they can store up the opinions and attitudes of parents, teachers etc. Brown et al. [2] also suggest that children use television for an information source, as they are virtually always prepared to accept information and the media presents over time a fairly wide range of information about people and places and things. They do, however, suggest that when the information need is specific, television looses its importance in preference to other sources because the child does not have control over when information is broadcast. With increased age the child’s ability to select the most useful medium to acquire information improves and television becomes less important as a source.

Mobile media are not a new phenomenon. In the media history consumers always searched for the possibility to kill time while they are mobile and certain products and devices were used for this purpose (printed media, portable radio, MP3, game consoles, etc.). But in the case of television mobility is not usual at all. Due to the technological deployment television services offered on mobile phones are already available, but the market potential is uncertain. There are different technologies and mobile operators try to find the business models that best fit these technologies. The supply chain of mobile television involves market players of different markets (e.g. content production, broadcasting, mobile market). The way and level of vertical integration depends on the ability of these companies to exploit theirs core competences. The real question if the consumers really need mobile television services or it is only just a new revenue-generating service pushed by the operators. Several findings of the pilot projects are available and there are some really surprising results. The main aim of the paper is to give an overview about the potential market demand for mobile television services. Even it is a new service, some speculative predictions can be made based on the current media consumption patterns. Although the business models and the technological background are also crucial, the real question is who, when, and where will watch television on mobile devices and which genres/programs will be the most popular.

Four parents enrolled in a Responsive Teaching class carried out experiments using procedures they had devised for alleviating their children's problem behaviors. The techniques used involved different types of reinforcement, extinction, and punishment. One parent increased the frequency of the wearing of an orthodontic device during five daily time checks by making an immediate monetary payoff contingent on wearing the device. A second parent increased the number of points earned for doing daily household tasks by providing back-ups for which the points could be exchanged. The parents of a 4-yr-old boy decreased the frequency of whines, cries, and complaints by removing social attention when such behavior occurred. A mother decreased the duration of time it took for her 5-yr-old daughter to get dressed by making permission to watch television contingent on dressing within 30 min of the time she got up in the morning. Brief reversals of contingencies were used to show causal relationships between the procedures used and the changes in behavior. Checks on the reliability of measurement were made by persons present in the home.

It is sometimes supposed that philosophers — particularly Idealists — get their ideas by crawling into stoves or other secluded places where, after a decent interval for rapt contemplation, Insight springs full-grown from their furrowed brows. Alas, no. They are more or less like everyone else. They have childhoods, take vacations and watch television. The distinctive thing about them is not that their experience is so extraordinary, but that they get so much intellectual mileage out of it. Ernest Hocking is a good example. The recent paperback edition of The Meaning of God in Human Experience — the fourteenth printing of that great and eloquent book — reminds one again of his power to mine meaning even from the incidentals of the daily round. However, none of his books reveal the story of those formative years when his philosophy was taking shape, and the events that moulded it.

To the Editor:— Thank goodness we have residents ambitious enough to provide an equitable life for themselves and their families by seeking and finding outside employment while pursuing a postgraduate career. Ambition is not a fault, and the resident's desire to raise his standard of living while in training is motivated largely by ridiculously low salaries and his acknowledgement of responsibility to family as well as to patients. I admire today's resident who in his spare time prefers to provide for his family rather than to play cards, shoot pool, or watch television in the intern-resident quarters. If, as one of Dr. Trimble's quotations says, he (the resident) made $25,000 a year and weren't satisfied, and if he cared to work harder or longer to earn $25,010 a year, then again I stand in greater admiration of his tremendous enthusiasm, as apparently money is not his only motivation.

A MONG time most noticeabie features of closed war(!s in mental hospitals are the extraordinary anmount of free time patients have and their almost complete inability to make use of it. They rarely play games or cards, only a few watch television, and planned evening activities are poorly attendied. Only a small number of patients interact with each other at all. Another aspect of closed wardis is the patients’ hack of interest in what happens to them in the hospital. Most patients merely follow staff directions rnechmanicaliy and communicate with staff members only minimally. Moreover, they tend to respond to ward demands with little or no initiative and show little responsibility. Much of this apathy is a function of time patients’ illnesses, i)tnt it is also attributable to time fact that patients do not know how to respond in any other way. When those few patients whio are able to respond more actively first come to time ward, time)’ see that apathy is the modus operandi, and they soon learn to conform. Apathetic patients present few problems for time staff, and therefore little is clone to improve time spirit on time ward. In an attempt to help patients use their free time and become more interested! in their surroundings and their fellow patients, a patiemit government program was organized in January 1969 on a closed ward of time Veterans Administration Hospital on Leech Farm Road in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Time ward housed 43 patients, the majority of whom were schizophrenic. Time memaimider were nonpsychotic patients of various types. Then-c was a small amount of turnover each week as new patients were admitted and improved patients were transfer-red to an open ward or discharged from the hmospital. A formal proposal for time patient government program, including guideli nes for its organization, was distributed to all staff members on the ward for their consideration. After time program was discussed and approved by staff, a meeting was held for patients at which attendance was mandatory. The patient government program was explained, and the patients were told that they could institute such a

The mass media offer many avenues of escape from the pressures of every day life. The study reported here was an attempt to discover whether highly frustrated children seek active fantasy lives by spending more time watching television. The author found that the relationship between frustration and viewing varied with social class. Eleanor Maccoby is a Lecturer in Social Psychology at Harvard University.

To the Editor.— I hope you were not serious in your editorial of Nov 17, 1969, when you called television the "pinnacle of civilization." Regular television watchers have been variously rated as having degenerated to a fourth- to sixth-grade educational level. This is confirmed by a poll taken three years ago which found Gunsmoke to be the most watched program. Television has been the bane of our civilization. It has come between man and wife, and parent and child, thereby reducing opportunity for communications so essential to the mutual understanding necessary for family harmony. Parents can abdicate their responsibility for raising their children. Instead of thinking up things for their children to do or playing with them, they can shoo the children off to watch television. A frustrated child hoping for some parental attention is told to shut up while daddy watches the baseball game on Sunday and mother watches