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The enthalpies of mixing of water + n-propanol and water + n-butanol have been measured at 30°C in order to test the performance of a flow calorimeter. The calorimeter is described and the results are compared with those obtained by previous workers using batch calorimeters. The agreement is good.

n -Butanol decomposes at 260 °C to water, n -butyl ether, and butenes with alumina as catalyst. Impregnation of aqueous LiCl, NaCl, KCl, or CaCl 2 deactivates the alumina, although in some cases a promotional effect at low salt concentration was observed. In certain experiments there was a trace of dehydrogenation, with the formation of butyraldehyde. Activity as a function of the amount of salt added was studied. For both LiCl, which apparently reacts irreversibly with Al 2 O 3 , and the other salts, which react reversibly, the group of catalytic sites is within, and smaller than, the group of sites which react with salt. Probably alcohols as well as salts react with noncatalytic sites. Our results and certain conclusions others have made indicate that the alcohol-alumina reaction is complex. It is shown that the number of active sites may be very small. If so, the complexity of the alcohol-alumina reaction and the catalytic results are more easily reconciled.

Because of the paucity of data on the phase behaviour of mixtures of compounds containing active or polar groups at elevated pressure, the P-V-T-x relations of the iso-butanol-n-butanol, methanol—n-butanol and diethyl ether—n-butanol systems were determined at the liquid-vapour phase boundaries from near their atmospheric boiling points to the highest temperature and pressure at which the liquid and vapour co-exist. In addition, the vapour pressures and saturated liquid and vapour densities of the pure components were determined up to their critical points. The data are presented in the form of tables and graphs. In so far as is indicated by the data, the phase behaviour of binary systems of the alcohols is the same as that exhibited by binary systems of hydrocarbons that belong to a given homologous series.

四塩化チタンとn-ブタノールを種々のモル比(n-BuOH/TiCl4=n) で反応させ, 生成物を蒸留によって分離し, その反応機構を明らかにした。すなわちnが2より小さいときはブタノールは完全に反応し,n=1のときは,主生成物はTiCl3(OBu)であり,n=2のときはTiCl3(OBu)とTiCl2(OBu)2が主生成物である。nが3以上になると加えたブタノールは一部未反応として回収され,同時に生成する塩化水素と反応して塩化ブチルと水を生じる。従来四塩化チタンとアルコールの反応においては,2置換体すなわちTiCl2(OR)2までしか反応は進まないとされていたが,nが3以上では明らかに3 置換体TiCl(OBu) 3 の生成が認められた。しかし, 4 置換体Ti(OBu) 4 までは反応は進まないようである。Ti(OBu)4,TiCl(OBu)3,TiCl2(OBu)2,TiCl3(OBu)の蒸気圧-沸点線図がえられたので,それらの蒸発熱の概略値を計算によって求め, それぞれ22.0,19.1,15.1,9.6k cal/molなる値をえた。

The standard technics for methyl green-pyronin staining are found to give inconstant results, often with poor differentiation between chromatin and cytoplasm. A modified procedure is described using n butyl alcohol for differentiation after aqueous methyl green staining and counter-staining with pyronin in acetone. After 6 minutes in 0.2% aqueous methyl green (chloroform extracted), the section is blotted, differentiated in n butanol, counter-stained 30–90 seconds in acetone saturated with pyronin (less concentrated solutions may be preferred for some purposes), cleared in cedar oil and xylene and mounted. This technic retains the value of methyl green as a histochemical detector for polymerized desoxyribo-nucleic acid (DNA). The intensity of the stain, however, is considerably greater than that obtained with the procedure designed for quantitative (stoichiometric) photometric estimation of polymerized DNA. Pyronin serves primarily as a counterstain, and is not found to be a reliable indicator of ribonucl...

Complexes of amylose with n-butanol were prepared both as crystalline precipitates and as oriented fibers. These complexes were subjected to x-ray analysis, their unit cells were calculated, and the space group of P212121 was confirmed. n-Butanol complexes exist in both hydrated and anhydrous forms. There is no evidence for methanol, ethanol, or n-propanol structures similar to those shown by the n-butanol complex. The Complexes are unstable in the open air and revert to V-amylose hydrate on standing.

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data at 25° were determined for the systems formed by divalent cobalt and nickel chlorides and their mixtures with water and n-butanol as solvents. The thermo-dynamic equilibrium relationship was empirically modified to obtain correlations relating the compositions of the phases in equilibrium, and equilibrium data for the mixtures can be predicted from an extension of the correlations for the individual metals.

Measurements of the enthalpies of mixing of n-propanol + n-butanol and water + n-propanol + n-butanol at 30 °C are reported. The results for the ternary system are compared with those calculated from an empirical equation due to Scatchard. The predicted values, which are a combination of the appropriate enthalpies of binary mixing, are in only moderate agreement with the experimental results. A discussion of hydrogen-bonding in alcohol + water mixtures is presented.

Conductance measurements at 25°C on dilute solutions of hydrochloric acid in n-butanol and iso-butanol containing small amounts of water are reported. The data were analysed with a computer programmed for the linearized 1965 theoretical Fuoss-Onsager equation. The equivalent conductance at infinite dilution and the association constant in absolute n-butanol and iso-butanol respectively, have been determined by graphical extrapolation. In agreement with previous experiments in alcohol-water mixtures the limiting equivalent conductance decreases when water is added to the alcohol and then increases again. The equilibrium constant and the standard free energy change for ROH2+ + H2O ⇄ ROH + H3O+ have been determined.

The two lipases existing in porcine pancreas and pancreatic juice have been fully purified by a method involving the six following steps: (1) almost complete delipidation of pancreas homogenates by solvent extraction; (2) (NH4)2SO4 fractionation; (3) removal of an acidic phosphatide by extraction and partition between n butanol and (NH4)2SO4; (4) chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (pH 9.0); (5) filtration through Sephadex G-100 and (6) separation of the two lipases by chromatography on CM-cellulose (pH 5.0). This method can be applied on a relatively large preparative scale. The two porcine lipases appear to be very closely related with regard to amino acid composition, molecular weight (45 000–50 000) and specific activity on long- or short-chain triglycerides.

The increasing importance of vacuum distillation in the petroleum, chemical and allied industries has drawn attention to the need for accurate vapour—liquid equilibria results at reduced pressure. Vapour—liquid equilibria results are presented for the azeotropic systems n -butanol ethylbenzene, and p -cymene aniline at pressures from 50 to 760 mm Hg. A test is made for the thermodynamic consistency of the data, and the limitations of the correlating equations for isobaric conditions are discussed.

In a previous paper a method was described by which sulphuric esters and glucuronides of steroids could be separated by paper electrophoresis and chromatography. This method was applied to the separation and quantitative determination of the 17-ketosteroids present in urinary extracts after they had been converted to the corresponding sulphuric esters. The present paper deals with the application of the above-mentioned technique to the separation and quantitative determination of the conjugated 17-ketosteroids, directly extracted from urine by means of n -butanol. A sample of 200 ml of 24-hour urine is sufficient for the determination; the conjugated 17-ketosteroids are separated from the pigments and fractionated in two zones corresponding to sulphates and glucuronides, respectively.

The vapour-liquid P - V - T - x diagrams of the binary systems composed of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol with benzene as the common component, were determined over a temperature and pressure range which included the critical region. All systems form azeotropes which persist to the critical region except the ethanol-benzene system. The latter becomes nonazeotropic before a critical point is reached. The diagrams confirm the hypothesis proposed earlier, that systems which form azeotropes in the critical region are characterized by a pattern of phase behaviour distinctly different from that for nonazeotropic systems.

The reaction of acetylene, carbon monoxide and n-butanol to form n-butyl acrylate has been studied with several catalysts under a wide range of operating variables. Nickel iodide-silica gel (Ni:SiO2 = 50:50) is the most effective catalyst with 80.3% conversion of acetylene to the ester. Nickel acetate-silica gel (Ni:SiO2 = 50:50) is also a good catalyst (63% conversion). Other reaction products found were carbon dioxide, acrylic acid, acetaldehyde, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, and polymeric products.

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the system n-heptane-n-butanol have been reported. The thermodynamic consistency of the data was tested with Chao's modified Redlich-Kister equation and Tao's method.

H2O/ Ti(OBu)4のモル比をhとするとき,h＜1.5の条件で加水分解縮合させ合成した各種のn-ブチルチタネートポリマーにつき,30℃の比重,およびポリマーの濃度が約15～75%のブタノール溶液粘度を測定し,logη-[Mn]1/2関係が近似的に直線となることを認め,また,[Mn]は,溶液中のポリマー分子と,ブタノールおよそ2分子の会合体との数平均分子量に相当することを推定した。

SummaryUsing an in vitro system patterned after that of Woolley(2), serotonin, tryptamine, tyramine and several related test substances were solubilized in benzene-butanol in varying degree in the ...

Disintegration of erythrocytes by physical means yields in agar-gel electrophoresis three weak protein fractions besides hemoglobin, while extraction with n-butanol displays ten fractions.

IN an earlier communication1, a technique was described for obtaining consistent separations of the cytoplasmic proteins of rat liver using electrophoresis on filter paper. A notable improvement in resolution has been observed following the treatment of the protein mixtures with n-butanol. The use of this reagent was suggested by the experiments of Morton2 on the extraction of various enzymes from the particulate fractions of the cell structure.

Es wird eine fur die histologische Technik nutzliche Methode beschrieben, um bei der uberfuhrung von entwassertem Gewebe aus absolutem Alkohol in Xylol bei hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit Trubungen zu vermeiden.