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Acidic sugarcane leaf polysaccharide (ASLP) has a variety of biological activities, but its macromolecular properties make it difficult for the human body to completely absorb or metabolize quickly in the body, and the action time is short. To solve this problem, acidic sugarcane leaf polysaccharide liposomes (ASLPL) were prepared by reverse evaporation method and characterized for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, potential, morphology, rheology and stability. In vitro release and digestion tests were used to verify the sustained release effect and stability of ASLPL. The results showed that ASLPL was spherical, with an encapsulation rate of 86.19% ± 0.976%, a particle size of 134.57 ± 2.501 nm, and a zeta potential of −24.49 ± 1.002 mV, which was a pseudoplastic fluid that was more stable to be stored in a neutral environment at 4 °C. The antioxidant, hypolipidemic and antibacterial activities of ASLPL were significantly increased compared with those of ASLP. The in vitro release and digestion results showed that ASLPL had obvious sustained release effect and could slow down the digestion of ASLP in vivo and prolong the duration of action. Therefore, the development and utilization of ASLPL can provide a greater development potential for the further application of ASLP in the food and pharmaceutical fields. [Display omitted] • ASLPL is a typical pseudoplastic fluid with good stability. • The biological activity of ASLPL was significantly higher than that of ASLP. • ASLPL has obvious sustained release effect and improves the digestive stability of ASLP. • ASLPL is expected to develop into a new type of biological agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and efficient method for the synthesis of chromone-containing triarylmethane derivatives via a HFIP promoted tandem alkylation/annulation protocol of o -hydroxyaryl enaminones with chlorohydrocarbon is described. Employing DCM/HFIP as solvent, the reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature without any transition-metal catalyst, providing a variety of chromone-containing triarylmethanes in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the developed protocol reveals a broad substrate scope and good group tolerance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) will greatly shorten their lifespan due to platinum (Pt) catalyst degradation during operation. This paper proposes an optimization-based energy management method considering Pt degradation, which is an improvement over the traditional strategy that only focuses on fuel optimization to consider both the minimal fuel and the minimum fuel cell life decay. Firstly, a one-dimensional (1D) Pt degradation model is established to comprehend how various voltage situations affect Pt deterioration. Then, various strategies to suppress Pt degradation are designed using Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) optimization algorithm in light of the influence analysis results, and the effects of the PMP algorithm under different strategies are tested on the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform. The results demonstrate that the performance of the PMP algorithm in real-time strategy is extremely near to the global optimal solution generated by the offline dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. After adding the tendency to limit high potential and voltage variation in the PMP algorithm, hydrogen consumption increases by only 2%. In comparison, the stack's degradation is decreased by nearly 50%, considerably extending the stack's service life and reducing the system's comprehensive use cost. • Prior literature verified the construction of a one-dimensional Pt degradation model. • Frequent voltage fluctuations and high voltage will exacerbate degradation via model analysis. • Developed two optimization-based strategies for reducing stack performance degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of the novel coronavirus and stands as a significant and promising target for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs), as a category of compounds directed against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, exhibit a unique and highly effective mechanism, effectively overcoming various factors contributing to drug resistance against nucleoside inhibitors (NIs). This review investigates various NNIs, including both natural and synthetic inhibitors, that closely interacting with the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp with valid evidences from in vitro and in silico studies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As water scarcity intensifies worldwide, the equitable allocation of water resources has emerged as a critical challenge. This research investigates the intricate issue of allocating responsibility for virtual water, a concept that quantifies the water embedded in traded commodities. In pursuit of an effective allocation mechanism, we refine an innovative accounting scheme grounded in economic welfare gains arising from externalities. The results show that water-stressed areas in China, such as Xinjiang, significantly contribute to exporting virtual water and is responsible for 70%–85% of the virtual water outflow. Furthermore, more than 50% of virtual water imported from water-rich regions is attributed to these water-stressed areas while their trade partners bear the rest water responsibility. In contrast, southern China's abundant water resources reduce dependence on virtual water trade, leading to fewer responsibilities. Globally, the allocated responsibility for the new accounting mechanism reaches up to 7.5 times higher than for production-based accounting (PBA) and consumption-based accounting (CBA). Our study also reveals that the degree of dependency (price elasticities) plays a pivotal role in shaping the allocation outcomes. The implications of this research are significant for establishing a transparent and accountable framework for sustainable water resource management and facilitating seamless transitions toward sustainability. As global water scarcity intensifies, the redefined responsibility accounting according to the economic welfare is indispensable in addressing immediate and long-term water-related challenges. • We refine a mechanism to reallocate responsibility based on economic welfare gains. • Notable differences exist between results of the new mechanism and current production, consumption, and income-based methods. • Water-stressed areas bear higher proportions of virtual water responsibility. • Price elasticities play a crucial role in determining responsibility allocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]