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Polyamines are ubiquitous in almost all biological entities and involved in various crucial physiological processes. They are also closely associated with the onset and progression of many diseases. Polyaminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by alterations in the function of proteins within the polyamine metabolism network. Although the identified polyaminopathies are all rare diseases at present, they are genetically heritable, rendering high risks not only to the carriers but also to their descendants. Meanwhile, more polyaminopathic patients might be discovered with the increasing accessibility of gene sequencing. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural variations of mutated proteins in current polyaminopathies, in addition to their causative genes, types of mutations, clinical symptoms, and therapeutic approaches. We focus on analyzing how alterations in protein structure lead to protein dysfunction, thereby facilitating the onset of diseases. We hope this review will offer valuable insights and references for the future clinical diagnosis and precision treatment of polyaminopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This retrospective case-controlled study aimed to evaluate the association between the severity of fall-related injuries and fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) in hospitalized patients. Methods: Data were collected from Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan, of all adult inpatients who experienced falls between January 2017 and December 2021, and were divided into two groups based on whether they sustained severe fall-related injuries. Retrospective data that may affect the severity of fall-related injuries and the use of FRIDs were investigated. Results: Among 1231 documented cases of falls, 26 patients sustained severe fall-related injuries. Older patients and those with osteoporosis were more susceptible to more severe injuries from a fall. The use of mobility aids and osteoporosis medications showed protective effects against fall injuries. No significant association was observed between fall-related injuries and comorbidities or FRIDs. Multivariate analysis confirmed the inverse correlation between the use of mobility aids, osteoporosis medications, and fall severity. Patients with osteoporosis exhibited significantly higher odds of sustaining more severe injuries with a fall (odds ratio = 3.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.21–7.53). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of addressing risk factors associated with fall severity among hospitalized patients. Providing mobility aids to persons at greater risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are recognized as among the best potential alternative battery systems to lithium-ion batteries and have been widely investigated. However, the shuttle effect has severely restricted the advancement in their practical applications. Here, we prepare vanadium nitride (VN) nanoparticles grown in situ on a nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton (denoted as VN@NC) derived from the MAX phase and use it as separator modification materials for LSBs to suppress the shuttle effect and optimize electrochemical performance. Thanks to the outstanding catalytic performance of VN and the superior electrical conductivity of carbon skeleton derived from MAX, the synergistic effect between the two accelerates the kinetics of both lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) to Li2S and the reverse reaction, effectively suppresses the shuttle effect, and increases cathode sulfur availability, significantly enhancing the electrochemical performance of LSBs. LSBs constructed with VN@NC-modified separators achieve outstanding rate performance and cycle stability. With a capacity of 560 mAh g−1 at 4 C, it exhibits enhanced structural and chemical stability. At 1 C, the device has an incipient capacity of 1052.4 mAh g−1, and the degradation rate averaged only 0.085% over 400cycles. Meanwhile, the LSBs also show larger capacities and good cycling stability at a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio and high surface-loaded sulfur conditions. Thus, a facile and efficient way of preparing modified materials for separators is provided to realize high-performance LSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hydrophobic eutectogel is facilely produced through the polymerization of hydrophobic monomers in a hydrophobic DES. • The hydrophobic eutectogel shows outstanding water resistance (water contact angle over 110°) and extraordinary durability (over 1000 testing cycles) underwater. • Hydrophobic eutectogel can be utilized as strain and pressure sensors underwater. • Hydrophobic eutectogel sensors can transmit information through Morse code, performing as a underwater communicator. Eutectogels derived from deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibit great potential for the fabrication of flexible sensors. However, the hygroscopicity of eutectogels hinders their applications in underwater sensing. In this work, a hydrophobic eutectogel with exceptional long-term underwater stability is produced through one-step polymerization of lauryl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate in a hydrophobic DES. The hydrophobic gel network and hydrophobic DES fulfill the eutectogel with outstanding water resistance (water contact angle > 110°) and excellent mechanical properties in an aqueous environment, thus leading to extraordinary durability (over 1000 testing cycles). Additionally, based on this eutectogel, underwater strain and pressure sensors with high sensitivity, rapid responsiveness, and superior durability were fabricated for accurate real-time monitoring of human activity. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the eutectogel sensor can transmit information through Morse code, performing as a wearable underwater communicator. This research provides an exemplary way for a demonstration method of hydrophobic eutectogel for durable underwater applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characterization of natural fungal diversity impacts our understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes and can lead to novel bioproduct discovery. Russula and Lactarius, both in the order Russulales, represent two large genera of ectomycorrhizal fungi that include edible as well as toxic varieties. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, including nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the 28S large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), the ribosomal mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) gene sequences, we here describe and illustrate two new species of Russula and one new species of Lactarius from southern China. These three new species are: R. junzifengensis (R. subsect. Virescentinae), R. zonatus (R. subsect. Crassotunicatae), and L. jianyangensis (L. subsect. Zonarii). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major histocompatibility complexes of vertebrates play a key role in the immune response. Antigen-presenting cells are loaded on MHC I molecules, which mainly present endogenous antigens; when MHC I presents exogenous antigens, this is called cross-presentation. The discovery of cross-presentation provides an important theoretical basis for the study of exogenous antigens. Cross-presentation is a complex process in which MHC I molecules present antigens to the cell surface to activate CD8+ T lymphocytes. The process of cross-representation includes many components, and this article briefly outlines the origins and development of MHC molecules, gene structures, functions, and their classical presentation pathways. The cross-presentation pathways of MHC I molecules, the cell lines that support cross-presentation, and the mechanisms of MHC I molecular transporting are all reviewed. After more than 40 years of research, the specific mechanism of cross-presentation is still unclear. In this paper, we summarize cross-presentation and anticipate the research and development prospects for cross-presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an asymptotic homogenization framework to simulate the fracture of heterogeneous materials. This framework upscales the phase field model for microscale fracture and yields anisotropic effective properties such as the degraded elasticity tensor and the fracture toughness. Furthermore, it quantitatively accounts for the toughening effect in a simple way. More specifically, when the critical energy release rate of a heterogeneous material is uniform, the framework reveals that toughening is essentially determined by the disparity in the moduli of toughness, the energy per unit volume absorbed by the constituents before cracking. • Asymptotic homogenization for phase field models for fracture. • Both the displacement field and the phase field are upscaled. • Tension-compression asymmetry in the underlying phase field model is incorporated. • Anisotropic fracture toughness tensor obtained with one single computation. • Under uniform fracture toughness, toughening depends on contrast in toughness moduli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Emerging g-DLP technique and shape memory polymers were employed to the dual information encryption. • Reconfigurable geometry and tunable optics provide the encryption and decryption behaviors under the stimulations of temperature and humidity. • The dual information encryption system is erasable, repeatable, and programmable. • The encrypted information system can be stored or decrypted permanently through the different post-processing methods. Dual information encryption such as geometry and transparency switching is highly desirable for preventing the leakage of confidential information and constructing a secure environment which has wide range of applications in privacy protection, anti-counterfeiting, and information security. However, it is still a challenge to develop a novel encrypted strategy and smart material to achieve credible protective capacity for stored information by a facile and programmed manner. Herein, integrating with arbitrary grayscale stereolithography, the hydrophilic ultraviolet (UV) curable shape memory polymers (HU-SMPs) with superior mechanical properties (the tensile strength of 29.39 MPa, elongation of 46.32 %, and the toughness of 1021.98 kJ.m−3) were prepared, which can be used for multifunctional information encryption. During the encrypted process, the HU-SMPs with the performances of high deformable and excellent shape memory behaviors can provide the preprogrammed morphological information and inevitable encryption, while the humidity-responsive of HU-SMPs capable of generating revisable transparency switching that can be encoded as the secondary information encryption. In this way, the dual encrypted information in the HU-SMPs is readable only after sequential shape recovery and fast hydration under heat-stimuli and humidity-stimuli. In addition, with the aid of digitally grayscale drawing, the secondary encrypted information is cyclically displayed and erasable due to the reversible hydration and dehydration process of HU-SMPs. Finally, the encrypted information is also can be permanently storage or decryption by the versatile post-processing methods of UV irradiation after and before decryption, respectively. In short, the design of HU-SMPs that compatible with grayscale digital light process (g-DLP)-based 3D printing, will motivates the future development of smart materials and provides a new insight into the information encrypt fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt‐sensitive hypertension is common among individuals with essential hypertension, and the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has increased. However, data from early identification of the risk of developing LVH in young adults with salt‐sensitive hypertension are lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to design a nomogram for predicting the risk of developing LVH in young adults with salt‐sensitive hypertension. A retrospective analysis of 580 patients with salt‐sensitive hypertension was conducted. The training set consisted of 70% (n = 406) of the patients, while the validation set consisted of the remaining 30% (n = 174). Based on multivariate analysis of the training set, predictors for LVH were extracted to develop a nomogram. Discrimination curves, calibration curves, and clinical utility were employed to assess the predictive performance of the nomogram. The final simplified nomogram model included age, sex, office systolic blood pressure, duration of hypertension, abdominal obesity, triglyceride‐glucose index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In the training set, the model demonstrated moderate discrimination, as indicated by an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.863 (95% confidence interval: 0.831–0.894). The calibration curve exhibited good agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities of LVH in the training set. Additionally, the validation set further confirmed the reliability of the prediction nomogram. In conclusions, the simplified nomogram, which consists of seven routine clinical variables, has shown good performance and clinical utility in identifying young adults with salt‐sensitive hypertension who are at high risk of LVH at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is an enzyme that regulates the production of melatonin, a hormone that is essential for organisms to maintain circadian and annual rhythmic behavior. The AANAT gene has undergone gene duplication and inactivation during evolution. Nevertheless, the majority of mammals retain a solitary copy of AANAT within the biological genome, and the mechanisms by which this gene responds to environmental stimuli remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigated the adaptive evolution of AANAT at both the gene and protein levels. Our study revealed the presence of multiple mutation sites within the gene encoding AANAT, with variation in the structure of the AANAT protein observed across different geographic populations. We identified a positive selection of AANAT in populations residing at higher latitudes. Furthermore, individuals exhibiting longer hibernation periods displayed significantly higher catalytic efficiency of the AANAT enzyme compared to those with minimal hibernation behavior, suggesting a potential association between AANAT and hibernation rhythms. This study adds to our understanding of the adaptive evolution of AANAT and may provide molecular evidence for hibernation rhythm adaptation in bats. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of melatonin. AANAT has been confirmed to be independently duplicated and inactivated in different animal taxa in order to adapt to the environment. However, the evolutionary forces associated with having a single copy of AANAT remain unclear. The greater horseshoe bat has a single copy of AANAT but exhibits different hibernation rhythms in various populations. We analyzed the adaptive evolution at the gene and protein levels of AANAT from three distinct genetic lineages in China: northeast (NE), central east (CE), and southwest (SW). The results revealed greater genetic diversity in the AANAT loci of the NE and CE lineage populations that have longer hibernation times, and there were two positive selection loci. The catalytic capacity of AANAT in the Liaoning population that underwent positive selection was significantly higher than that of the Yunnan population (p < 0.05). This difference may be related to the lower proportion of α helix and the variation in two interface residues. The adaptive evolution of AANAT was significantly correlated with climate and environment (p < 0.05). After controlling for geographical factors (latitude and altitude), the evolution of AANAT by the negative temperature factor was represented by the monthly mean temperature (r = −0.6, p < 0.05). The results identified the gene level variation, functional adaptation, and evolutionary driving factors of AANAT, provide an important foundation for further understanding the adaptive evolution of the single copy of AANAT in pteropods, and may offer evidence for adaptive hibernation rhythms in bats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• For the first time, first-principles calculations are used to predict the lattice thermal conductivity of free-standing monolayer XS2 (X = mo and W) and monolayer XS2 supported on SiC (0001) and ZnO (0001) substrates. • The lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer XS2 supported on SiC (0001) and ZnO (0001) substrates show a significant decrease, and the decrease is even greater for the monolayer XS2 supported on ZnO (0001) substrates, reaching about 65–70 %. • The substrate drives softening of the acoustic branch, making the low-frequency phonon group velocity decrease and the three-phonon scattering enhance. • From the perspective of atomic bonding, the substrate breaks the symmetry of bonding of monolayer XS2, which leads to the increase of phonon anharmonicity and ultimately to a decrease in thermal conductivity of monolayer XS2. Thermoelectric materials have properties such as direct conversion of waste heat into electricity and environmental friendliness, which make them promising for renewable energy utilization, however, the lower conversion efficiency limits the large-scale application of thermoelectric materials. Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are candidates for thermoelectric materials due to their high power factor, but their higher thermal conductivity (TC) limits the further improvement of the figure of merit (ZT). Here, we employ first-principles calculations and solve the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) to compare the lattice TC of free-standing monolayer XS 2 (X = Mo and W) and monolayer XS 2 supported on SiC (0001) and ZnO (0001) substrates. We find that the lattice TC of monolayer XS 2 supported on SiC (0001) and ZnO (0001) substrates are sharply reduced. Especially supported on the ZnO (0001) substrate, the lattice TC of XS 2 reduce by 65 %–70 %, which is expected to improve the thermoelectric properties of monolayer XS 2. In addition, we report the underlying cause of this significant reduction in TC. Firstly, the substrate drives softening of the acoustic branch, which leads to a decrease of phonon group velocity in the low-frequency and an enhancement of the three-phonon scattering. Then, the asymmetric bonding of XS 2 is induced by the substrates, which enhance phonon anharmonicity and reduce the phonon lifetime. Our results demonstrate that the lattice TC of monolayer XS 2 can be tuned by adjusting the substrate, which has certain reference values for the thermoelectric design of XS 2. SiC (0001) and ZnO (0001) substrates break the symmetry of the monolayer XS 2 (X = Mo and W) bonding, resulting in an increase in phonon anharmonicity, which reduces the contribution of the low-frequency acoustic branch of monolayer XS 2 to the thermal conductivity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semi-parallel wire suspenders with spherical plain bearings have untwisting under axial force, and the collision in the untwist process bring adverse effects on the structure. To investigate the axial mechanical response of semi-parallel wire suspenders with spherical plain bearings, the equilibrium equations of suspender are deduced by assuming the distribution of steel wire after deformation, the forms of boundary conditions are distinguished according to the use of spherical plain bearing, and the linear equation expressed by equivalent stiffness coefficients is deduced. The Costello theory and finite element modeling are used to verify the proposed calculation method in this paper, and the influence of suspender parameters on the stiffness equivalent coefficient is analyzed. The results show that the proposed calculation method is suitable for multi-layer semi-parallel wire suspenders; the twist angle and the total number of layers of wires have the greatest effect on the stiffness equivalence factor; when the twisting angle is close to 0, the torsional stiffness of suspender is 0.010–0.21 of that of the steel rod with the same section; the axial tensile stiffness of the conventional suspender is basically the same as that of the steel rod with the same section, but the torsional stiffness is only 0.012–0.023 of the steel rod with the same section, and the tension-torsion coupling effect cannot be ignored. The research results provide a concise method to calculate the axial response of semi-parallel wire suspenders, which lays a foundation for the engineering treatment of the untwisting problem of semi-parallel wire suspender using spherical plain bearings. • The axial mechanical response of semi-parallel wire suspenders with spherical plain bearings is investigated. • The expression between axial resultant force, torque and overall strain of twisting structures is deduced and verified. • A concise method to calculate the axial response of semi-parallel wire suspenders is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of versatile hydrogels in a facile and effective manner represents a pivotal challenge in the field of biomaterials. Herein, a novel strategy is presented for preparing on‐demand degradable hydrogels with multilevel responsiveness. By employing selenol‐dichlorotetrazine nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) to synthesize hydrogels under mild conditions in a buffer solution, the necessity of additives or posttreatments can be obviated. The nucleophilic and redox reactions between selenol and tetrazine culminate in the formation of three degradable chemical bonds—diselenide, aryl selenide, and dearomatized selenide—in a single, expeditious step. The resultant hydrogel manifests exceptional adaptability to intricate environments in conjunction with self‐healing and on‐demand degradation properties. Furthermore, the resulting material demonstrated light‐triggered antibacterial activity. Animal studies further underscore the potential of integrating metformin into Se‐Tz hydrogels under green light irradiation, as it effectively stimulates angiogenesis and collagen deposition, thereby fostering efficient wound healing. In comparison to previously documented hydrogels, Se‐Tz hydrogels exhibit controlled degradation and drug release, outstanding antibacterial activity, mechanical robustness, and bioactivity, all without the need for costly and intricate preparation procedures. These findings underscore Se‐Tz hydrogels as a safe and effective therapeutic option for diabetic wound dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the rapid development and application of blockchain technology, this paper considers a secondary supply chain system consisting of a single upstream supplier and a downstream e-tailer that implements blockchain technology and a traditional e-tailer that does not implement blockchain technology. We establish the demand function of two channels based on consumers' sensitivity to the blockchain and use the Stackelberg game model to compare and analyse the e-tailers' profits from the two channels. For the basic properties, interestingly, we find that there exists a critical threshold on the cost sensitivity to effort that helps each e-tailer decide whether to implement effort. If the cost sensitivity to effort is high, the two-sided e-tailers will reduce their effort as much as possible to obtain greater profits. Conversely, if the cost sensitivity to effort is low, they will increase their effort to obtain more benefits. We also discuss the role of blockchain technology in competition between e-tailers and analyse the impact of the product brand effect brought by the traceability characteristic of blockchain on the competition between e-tailers. To check the robustness of the core results and to investigate different forms of supply chain configurations, this paper further develops the analysis of the supplier entering agency agreements with two-sided e-tailers. Under this scenario, the supplier sells their products directly to consumers through two-sided e-platforms and shares revenue with e-tailers as platform agency fees. These core ideas remain valid in the extended model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients who underwent knee joint arthroplasty were at risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs), however, less studies were conducted to demonstrate the epidemiology and risk factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Objective of this study was to explore the incidence and prognostic factors of DVT after UKA. Methods: Patients who underwent primary UKA from December 2018 to June 2022 were recruited in this study. Demographic characteristics, operation related variables and laboratory index were extracted and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to detect the optimum cut-off value for variables of interest. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to identify risk factors of DVT. Results: 351 UKAs with a mean age of 65.4 ± 7.1 years were reviewed. After 12.9 ± 11.2 months follow-up, 35 DVTs were confirmed which indicating an incidence of 9.9%. The results showed that occupation (agricultural laborer) (P = 0.008), disease duration > 8.5 years (P = 0.035), operation time > 169 min (P = 0.003), intraoperative blood loss > 102 ml (P < 0.001), BMI > 26.8 kg/m 2 (P = 0.001), preoperative D-dimer > 0.29 mg/L (P = 0.001), prothrombin time < 10.7 s (P = 0.033) and INR < 0.98 (P = 0.032) between DVT and Non-DVT group were significantly different. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed intraoperative blood loss > 102 ml (OR, 3.707; P, 0.001), BMI > 26.8 kg/m 2 (OR, 4.664; P, 0.004) and D-dimer > 0.29 mg/L (OR, 2.882; P, 0.009) were independent risk factors of DVT after UKA. Conclusion: The incidence of DVT in the present study was 9.9%, extensive intraoperative blood loss, advanced BMI and high level of D-dimer would increase the risk of lower extremity thrombosis by 2–4 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asian water plantain, Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep, is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. The dried tubers of the Alisma orientale, commonly referred to as Alismatis rhizome (AR), have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Soil properties and the soil microbial composition are known to affect the quality and bioactivity of plants. Here, we sought to identify variations in soil fungal communities and soil properties to determine which would be optimal for cultivation of A. orietale. Soil properties, heavy metal content, and pesticide residues were determined from soils derived from four different agricultural regions around Shaowu City, Fujian, China, that had previously been cultivated with various crops, namely, Shui Dao Tu (SDT, rice), Guo Shu Tu (GST, pecan), Cha Shu Tu (CST, tea trees), and Sang Shen Tu (SST, mulberry). As fungi can either positively or negatively impact plant growth, the fungal communities in the different soils were characterized using long-read PacBio sequencing. Finally, we examined the quality of A. orientale grown in the different soils. Our results show that fungal community diversity of the GST soil was the highest with saprotrophs the main functional modes in these and SDT soils. Our data show that GST and SDT soils were most suitable for A. orientale growth, with the quality of the AR tubers harvested from GST soil being the highest. These data provide a systematic approach at soil properties of agricultural lands in need of replacement and/or rotating crops. Based on our findings, GST was identified as the optimal soil for planting A. orientale, providing a new resource for local farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has reemerged as a major public health concern, causing chikungunya fever with increasing cases and neurological complications. Methods: In the present study, we investigated a low-passage human isolate of the East/ Central/South African (ECSA) lineage of CHIKV strain LK(EH)CH6708, which exhibited a mix of small and large viral plaques. The small and large plaque variants were isolated and designated as CHIKV-SP and CHIKV-BP, respectively. CHIKV-SP and CHIKV-BP were characterized in vitro and in vivo to compare their virus production and virulence. Additionally, whole viral genome analysis and reverse genetics were employed to identify genomic virulence factors. Results: CHIKV-SP demonstrated lower virus production in mammalian cells and attenuated virulence in a murine model. On the other hand, CHIKV-BP induced higher pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, compromised the integrity of the blood–brain barrier, and led to astrocyte infection in mouse brains. Furthermore, the CHIKV-SP variant had limited transmission potential in Aedesalbopictus mosquitoes, likely due to restricted dissemination. Whole viral genome analysis revealed multiple genetic mutations in the CHIKV-SP variant, including a Glycine (G) to Arginine (R) mutation at position 55 in the viral E2 glycoprotein. Reverse genetics experiments confirmed that the E2-G55R mutation alone was sufficient to reduce virus production in vitro and virulence in mice. Conclusions: These findings highlight the attenuating effects of the E2-G55R mutation on CHIKV pathogenicity and neurovirulence and emphasize the importance of monitoring this mutation in natural infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the CW laser is used as a local heat source to simulate the extreme thermal environment generated by shock wave interference at discontinuities in spacecraft. The ablation behavior of the thermal protection material (C/SiC) is investigated under the combined impact of high-temperature airflow and the local extreme heat source. A novel multi-field coupling numerical computation software was presented to examine this strong coupling process of fluid-solid-thermal-ablation. The program was modified using the ALE + umeshmotion ablation calculation method in the ABAQUS software to mimic the process of the material's ablative boundary retreating under the action of the CW laser until the target was perforated. ANSYS Fluent software was used to do the numerical analysis of the high-speed airflow. The results of wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations indicate that, compared to the effect of local heat sources in static air, irregular ablation pits are formed on the material surface under the action of local heat sources in high-temperature flow fields, resulting in higher ablation rates due to mechanical denudation effects. Analysis of the localization characteristics of the flow field near the ablation pit reveals that the shock wave generated downstream of the ablation pit leads to an increase in gas temperature, pressure, and density. When the ablation amount reaches a certain threshold, the gas in the ablation pit forms vortices, leading to an increase in local heat flow and pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chlorella incorporated into hydrogels for continuous oxygen and bioelectric delivery. • Hydrogels offer mechanical support and create optimal microenvironment for Chlorella. • Hydrogels improve diabetic wound healing by enhancing proliferation and angiogenesis. Electrical stimulation and oxygen are vital for promoting cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation to repair damaged tissues in chronic wound healing in patients with diabetes. The effective oxygen production by Chlorella has garnered attention in the medical field, but the potential of extracellular electron production in skin repair has not been explored. Inspired by this, we developed CHPS hydrogels, a composite of polyacrylamide and sodium alginate, with Chlorella loaded in a semi-interpenetrating network. This network is formed by crosslinking acrylamide initiated by free radicals, with alginate chains dispersed within the network. When applied to wounds, CHPS hydrogels effectively protect damaged tissue, provide mechanical support to Chlorella against external forces, and create an optimal artificial microenvironment to promote the proliferation of Chlorella. Our study demonstrated that CHPS hydrogels exhibit remarkable fracture elongation and adhesion properties and continuously produce oxygen and bioelectrical currents through photosynthesis. Furthermore, the sustained release of dissolved oxygen and bioelectricity by CHPS hydrogels significantly enhances cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, leading to improved wound healing in diabetic mice. These findings provide compelling evidence for further exploration of CHPS hydrogels as a cost-effective, simple, and accessible strategy for enhancing the clinical treatment of chronic wounds in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In application scenarios such as astronautics, high-altitude aircraft, medical radiography, high-energy physics, and nuclear power plants, the irradiation resistance of electronic components is one of the basic requirements for their reliability. HfO 2 -based ferroelectric films have the advantages of high CMOS process compatibility, good miniaturizability, low operating voltage, and excellent irradiation resistance, which are the core materials for the new generation of irradiation resistance ferroelectric memories. In this paper, two kinds of metal-electrode ferroelectric capacitors, W/Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 /W (WW) and Pt/Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 /Pt (PP), have been prepared, and three gradient γ-irradiation experiments have been carried out on the two kinds of ferroelectric capacitors. The effect of metal electrodes on the irradiation resistance of Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 ferroelectric thin films was carefully investigated by comparing and analyzing the statistical laws of polarization change and rectangularity change before and after irradiation of a large number of devices. The experimental results show that the WW devices have better irradiation resistance than PP devices, and we further explain the irradiation resistance mechanism by first-principle calculations and finite element analysis to verify the credibility of the experimental results. Finally, we conducted a comparative test of the fatigue and wake-up characteristics of the WW devices before and after irradiation, and the results show that the prepared W/Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 /W devices can withstand very high total γ-dose radiation, reaching up to 13.86 Mrad(Si), and they are very suitable for the application of irradiation resistant electronics. [Display omitted] • The Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 (HZO) thin films with outstanding ferroelectric properties were prepared. • The HZO ferroelectric thin films exhibited extremely high radiation tolerance (reaching up to 13.86 Mrad(Si)). • The effect of different metal electrodes on the irradiation resistance of HZO ferroelectric thin films was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]