130 results
Search Results
2. Multiscale topology classifies cells in subcellular spatial transcriptomics.
- Author
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Benjamin K, Bhandari A, Kepple JD, Qi R, Shang Z, Xing Y, An Y, Zhang N, Hou Y, Crockford TL, McCallion O, Issa F, Hester J, Tillmann U, Harrington HA, and Bull KR
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Humans, Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Lupus Nephritis genetics, Lupus Nephritis immunology, Lupus Nephritis metabolism, Lupus Nephritis pathology, Reproducibility of Results, Cells classification, Cells metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling methods, Kidney cytology, Kidney immunology, Kidney metabolism, Kidney pathology, Transcriptome, Intracellular Space genetics, Intracellular Space metabolism
- Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics measures in situ gene expression at millions of locations within a tissue
1 , hitherto with some trade-off between transcriptome depth, spatial resolution and sample size2 . Although integration of image-based segmentation has enabled impactful work in this context, it is limited by imaging quality and tissue heterogeneity. By contrast, recent array-based technologies offer the ability to measure the entire transcriptome at subcellular resolution across large samples3-6 . Presently, there exist no approaches for cell type identification that directly leverage this information to annotate individual cells. Here we propose a multiscale approach to automatically classify cell types at this subcellular level, using both transcriptomic information and spatial context. We showcase this on both targeted and whole-transcriptome spatial platforms, improving cell classification and morphology for human kidney tissue and pinpointing individual sparsely distributed renal mouse immune cells without reliance on image data. By integrating these predictions into a topological pipeline based on multiparameter persistent homology7-9 , we identify cell spatial relationships characteristic of a mouse model of lupus nephritis, which we validate experimentally by immunofluorescence. The proposed framework readily generalizes to new platforms, providing a comprehensive pipeline bridging different levels of biological organization from genes through to tissues., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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3. Researchers at University of Toronto Target Tissue Engineering (A Cryopreservation Strategy for Myoblast Storage In Paper-based Scaffolds for Inter-laboratory Studies of Skeletal Muscle Health).
- Abstract
Researchers at the University of Toronto have developed a cryopreservation strategy for storing myoblasts, which are cells involved in skeletal muscle health, in paper-based scaffolds. This method allows for the transfer of engineered tissues to users without expertise in skeletal muscle cell culture. The cryopreserved myoblasts maintain cell viability, differentiation, and function, and have been successfully shipped to collaborators for use in studying muscle endogenous repair. This protocol offers broader access to a complex skeletal muscle tissue model for the research community. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
4. A cryopreservation strategy for myoblast storage in paper-based scaffolds for inter-laboratory studies of skeletal muscle health.
- Abstract
A recent preprint abstract discusses a cryopreservation strategy for storing myoblasts, which are cells involved in skeletal muscle health, in paper-based scaffolds. The goal of this research is to make it easier for the broader biology community to use three-dimensional tissue-engineered models for studying skeletal muscle pathophysiology and developing therapeutic agents. The researchers developed a protocol using commercially available reagents that allows myoblasts to be cryopreserved in a format that can be easily transferred to users without expertise in skeletal muscle cell culture. The study validates that the cryopreserved myoblasts maintain cell viability, differentiation, and function, and demonstrates successful shipping and use of the tissues by collaborators. The researchers also applied their method to study muscle endogenous repair. This research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
5. DINGELL, MOOLENAAR, PETERS, STABENOW INTRODUCE SHANDRA EISENGA HUMAN CELL AND TISSUE PRODUCT SAFETY ACT
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United States. Food and Drug Administration ,United States. Department of Health and Human Services ,Social service ,Tuberculosis -- Prevention ,Paper products industry ,Cells ,Product safety ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
WASHINGTON -- The following information was released by the office of Michigan Rep. Debbie Dingell: Representatives Debbie Dingell (MI-06) and John Moolenaar (MI-012) with Senators Gary Peters (D-MI) and Debbie [...]
- Published
- 2024
6. MOOLENAAR, PETERS, STABENOW, DINGELL INTRODUCE SHANDRA EISENGA HUMAN CELL AND TISSUE PRODUCT SAFETY ACT
- Subjects
United States. Food and Drug Administration ,Social service ,Legislators ,Tuberculosis -- Prevention ,Paper products industry ,Cells ,Product safety ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
WASHINGTON -- The following information was released by the office of Michigan Rep. John Moolenaar: Today, Congressman John Moolenaar and Senator Gary Peters (D-MI) along with Senator Debbie Stabenow (D-MI), [...]
- Published
- 2024
7. Statistical Analysis of Gastric Cancer Cells Response to Broadband Terahertz Radiation with and without Contrast Nanoparticles.
- Author
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Schreiner, Oliver Daniel, Socotar, Diana, Ciobanu, Romeo Cristian, Schreiner, Thomas Gabriel, and Tamba, Bogdan Ionel
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STOMACH tumors ,RADIOTHERAPY ,DATA analysis ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,MANN Whitney U Test ,CELL lines ,STATISTICS ,SPECTRUM analysis ,RADIATION doses ,CONTRAST media ,NANOPARTICLES ,CELLS - Abstract
Simple Summary: The paper describes the statistical analysis of the response of gastric cancer cells and normal cells to broadband terahertz radiation up to 4 THz, both with and without the use of nanostructured contrast agents. A statistical analysis was conducted towards multiple pairwise comparisons in order to identify the narrow THz frequency ranges where the contrast is enhanced and allows a clear identification of tumor cells in the presence of contrast agents. The paper describes the statistical analysis of the response of gastric cancer cells and normal cells to broadband terahertz radiation up to 4 THz, both with and without the use of nanostructured contrast agents. The THz spectroscopy analysis was comparatively performed under the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure. The statistical analysis was conducted towards multiple pairwise comparisons, including a support medium (without cells) versus a support medium with nanoparticles, normal cells versus normal cells with nanoparticles, and, respectively, tumor cells versus tumor cells with nanoparticles. When generally comparing the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure for a broader frequency domain, the differentiation between normal and tumor cells in the presence of contrast agents is superior when using the ATR procedure. THz contrast enhancement by using contrast agents derived from MRI-related contrast agents leads to only limited benefits and only for narrow THz frequency ranges, a disadvantage for THz medical imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Publication, funding, and experimental data in support of Human Reference Atlas construction and usage.
- Author
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Kong Y and Börner K
- Subjects
- Humans, Metadata, Cells
- Abstract
Experts from 18 consortia are collaborating on the Human Reference Atlas (HRA) which aims to map the 37 trillion cells in the healthy human body. Information relevant for HRA construction and usage is held by experts, published in scholarly papers, and captured in experimental data. However, these data sources use different metadata schemas and cannot be cross-searched efficiently. This paper documents the compilation of a dataset, named HRAlit, that links the 136 HRA v1.4 digital objects (31 organs with 4,279 anatomical structures, 1,210 cell types, 2,089 biomarkers) to 583,117 experts; 7,103,180 publications; 896,680 funded projects, and 1,816 experimental datasets. The resulting HRAlit has 22 tables with 20,939,937 records including 6 junction tables with 13,170,651 relationships. The HRAlit can be mined to identify leading experts, major papers, funding trends, or alignment with existing ontologies in support of systematic HRA construction and usage., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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9. A cellular strategy for enhancing the adaptability of nonlinear energy sinks to strong excitation
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Li, Sun-Biao and Ding, Hu
- Published
- 2024
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10. Advances in modeling permeability and selectivity of the blood-brain barrier using microfluidics.
- Author
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Sun, Jindi and Song, Shang
- Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain by actively allowing the entry of ions and nutrients while limiting the passage of from toxins and pathogens. A healthy BBB has low permeability and high selectivity to maintain normal brain functions. Increased BBB permeability can result from neurological diseases and traumatic injuries. Modern engineering technologies such as microfluidics and fabrication techniques have advanced the development of BBB models to simulate the basic functions of BBB. However, the intrinsic BBB properties are difficult to replicate. Existing in vitro BBB models demonstrate inconsistent BBB permeability and selectivity due to variations in microfluidic design, cell types and arrangement, expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, and use of shear stress. Specifically, microfluidic designs have flow channels of different sizes, complexity, topology, and modular structure. Different cell types are selected to mimic various physiological conditions. These factors make it challenging to compare results obtained using different experimental setups. This paper highlights key factors that play important roles in influencing microfluidic models and discusses how these factors contribute to permeability and selectivity of the BBB models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. The free energy landscape of small-world networks of cells.
- Author
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Gentile F
- Subjects
- Cells metabolism, Energy Metabolism
- Abstract
The properties of organs, tissues, organoids, and other systems of cells, are influenced by the spatial localization and distribution of their elements. Here, we used networks to describe distributions of cells on a surface where the small-world coefficient (SW) of the networks was varied between SW~1 (random uniform distributions) and SW~10 (clustered distributions). The small-world coefficient is a topological measure of graphs: networks with SW>1 are topologically biased to transmit information. For each system configuration, we then determined the total energy U as the sum of the energies that describe cell-cell interactions - approximated by a harmonic potential. The graph of energy (U) across the configuration space of the networks (SW) is the energy landscape: it indicates which configuration a system of cells will likely assume over time. We found that, depending on the model parameters, the energy landscapes of 2D distributions of cells may be of different types: from type I to type IV. Type I and type II systems have high probability to evolve into random distributions. Type III and type IV systems have a higher probability to form clustered architectures. A great many of simulations indicated that cultures of cells with high initial density and limited sensing range could evolve into clustered configurations with enhanced topological characteristics. Moreover, the strongest the binding between cells, the greater the likelihood that they will assume configurations characterized by finite values of SW. Results of the work are relevant for those working the field of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, the formation of in-vitro-models, the analysis of neuro-degenerative diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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12. Static magnetic fields as a factor in modification of tissue and cell structure: a review.
- Author
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Saletnik, Bogdan, Puchalska-Sarna, Anna, Saletnik, Aneta, Lipa, Tomasz, Dobrzański Jr., Bohdan, and Puchalski, Czesław
- Subjects
MAGNETIC fields ,ION channels ,CELL anatomy ,MAGNETIC field effects ,PLANT plasma membranes ,CANCER cell proliferation - Abstract
This review is intended to contribute to the evidence of the effects of static magnetic field on cells and tissue, as well as to present research results that will elucidate the complex matters involved in the formation and remodeling of cells. The cell characteristics studied in the papers that are reviewed include cell viability and proliferation, aggregation and their differentiation, structure and membrane potential. A moderate static magnetic field in the most commonly used range of 2-80 mT has potential application in the formation and remodeling of plant and human cells. However, in the case of cancer cells, the range of fields commonly used was 0.2-9 T. Magnetism promotes changes in plant cell growth, which prompts the cell to proliferate, thereby ensuring an increased rate of biomass production. Some researches presented the enhancement of the differentiation of plant cells and skeletal muscle tissue by over 30% at 80 mT static magnetic field. Changes in the cell cycle and growth reflect directly on the cell number and viability and provide useful information to detect modifications in the cell machinery. Static magnetic field, depending on its intensity, enhances cell proliferation and thus may improve, among other processes, tissue regeneration, wound healing and the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Researchers showed, among other things, that cells under the influence of static magnetic field changed their shape, had a larger chloroplast, stiffer cell wall, density of the cytoskeleton and cytoplasm contained several mitochondria. Numerous studies also discussed the behavior of the cell membrane of plant and animal organisms, including humans, under the influence of an static magnetic field. The effects of static magnetic field on the cell membrane of plant and human cells were similar. The research results indicate that static magnetic fields can significantly change membrane depolarization and its potential that regulates ion movement and thus can have a significant impact on the properties and biological functionality of the cell. Studies have shown that continuous application of static magnetic field caused deformation and damage of cell membrane. Based on the theoretical analyses presented also in this review, it can be concluded that static magnetic field affects cells and tissue, giving them changes in properties and behaviors and modulates, e.g. in the activity of ion channels. Thus it may produce effects leading to changes in the functioning of the cell. It is possible to formulate directions for further research aimed at using static magnetic fields for the non-invasive remodeling and formation of plant and human cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. A Cellular Strategy for Eliminating the Failure of Nonlinear Energy Sinks Under Strong Excitation
- Author
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Li, Sun-Biao, Ding, Hu, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Jing, Xingjian, editor, Ding, Hu, editor, Ji, Jinchen, editor, and Yurchenko, Daniil, editor
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- 2024
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14. Simplified capture, extraction, and amplification of cellular DNA from water samples
- Author
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Kawaguchi, Mai, Aoki, Hiroshi, Kamo, Hiroki, Miura, Kazuki, Hiruta, Yuki, Simizu, Siro, and Citterio, Daniel
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- 2024
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15. 基于问题链的单元教学流程的设计与分析.
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耿子怡 and 李世平
- Abstract
Copyright of Biology Teaching is the property of East China Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
16. EXPLORING THE UNCHARTED: A CASE SERIES OF RARE HEAD AND NECK SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASM.
- Author
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Babu, Agil, Patel, Pinakin, Lakhera, Kamal Kishor, Mehta, Deeksha, Singh, Suresh, and Mohan, Pranav
- Subjects
HEAD & neck cancer diagnosis ,LEIOMYOSARCOMA ,BIOPSY ,SURGICAL flaps ,TONSIL cancer ,TONGUE tumors ,CANCER chemotherapy ,RHABDOMYOSARCOMA ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,ACQUISITION of data ,MASSETER muscle ,LARYNGEAL tumors ,CANCER relapse ,SOFT tissue tumors ,TUMOR classification ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CASE studies ,MEDICAL records ,CELLS ,LARYNGOSCOPY ,COMPUTED tomography ,RADIOTHERAPY ,NASAL tumors ,RARE diseases ,MAXILLARY tumors ,CONNECTIVE tissue tumors ,GLOSSECTOMY ,VINCRISTINE - Published
- 2024
17. A fluorescent probe for detecting H2O2 and delivering H2S in lysosomes and its application in maintaining the redox environments.
- Author
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Xu, Chen, Zhang, Yukun, Ren, Mingguang, Liu, Keyin, Wu, Qin, Zhang, Chunling, Wang, Shoujuan, and Kong, Fangong
- Subjects
- *
FLUORESCENT probes , *PHYTOCHELATINS , *LYSOSOMES , *PLANT roots , *OXIDATION-reduction reaction , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *DNA probes - Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be used as a marker for the occurrence of oxidative stress in the organism. Lysosomes serve as intracellular digestive sites, and when the concentration of H 2 O 2 in them is abnormal, lysosomal function is often impaired, leading to the development of diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) acts as a gaseous signaling molecule that scavenges H 2 O 2 from cells and tissues, thereby maintaining the redox environment of the body. However, most of the reported hydrogen peroxide fluorescent probes so far can only detect H 2 O 2 , but cannot maintain the intracellular redox environment. In this paper, an H 2 O 2 fluorescent probe LN-HOD with lysosomal targeting properties was designed and synthesized by combining the H 2 O 2 recognition site with a naphthylamine fluorophore via a thiocarbamate moiety. The probe has the advantages of large Stokes shift (110 nm), high sensitivity and good H 2 S release capability. The probe LN-HOD can be used to detect H 2 O 2 in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. In addition, LN-HOD detects changes in the concentration of H 2 O 2 in plant roots when Arabidopsis is stressed by cadmium ion (Cd2+). And through its ability to release H 2 S, it can help to remove excess H 2 O 2 and maintain the redox environment in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. The present work provides new ideas for the detection and assisted removal of H 2 O 2 , which contributes to the in-depth study of the cellular microenvironment in organisms. In this paper, we designed and synthesized LN-HOD , a fluorescent probe targeting the detection of H 2 O 2 in lysosomes, by combining the H 2 O 2 recognition site with a naphthalimide fluorophore via a thiocarbamate moiety. The probe has the advantages of large Stokes displacement, high sensitivity and good H 2 S release capability. The probe LN-HOD can be used to detect H 2 O 2 in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. In addition, LN-HOD detects changes in the concentration of H 2 O 2 in plant roots when Arabidopsis is stressed by cadmium ion (Cd2+). And through its ability to release H 2 S, it can help to remove excess H 2 O 2 and maintain the redox environment in cells, zebrafish and plant roots. The present work provides new ideas for the detection and assisted removal of H 2 O 2 , which contributes to the in-depth study of the cellular microenvironment in organisms. [Display omitted] • The probe LN-HOD not only detects H 2 O 2 but also releases H 2 S. • LN-HOD has the ability to release H 2 S in cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis. • LN-HOD has a good ability to maintain the redox environment in cells. • LN-HOD can detect changes in H 2 O 2 concentration in plants induced by Cd2+ ion stress effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Nathalie Borowski.
- Author
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Escudier, Paul
- Subjects
DEOXYRIBOZYMES ,CELLS ,ARTISTIC creation ,SCIENTIFIC ability ,ALLEGORY (Art) ,SOCIAL structure - Abstract
An interview with artist Nathalie Borowski is featured, focusing on her profound connection with science, especially DNA and cells. When questioned about her artistic process, Borowski explains her aim to translate scientific realities into visual representations, creating a dreamlike dimension for microscopic life and establishing allegorical links between scientific concepts and societal patterns.
- Published
- 2024
19. Exploring early stage Alzheimer's disease.
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease ,CENTRAL nervous system diseases ,ENTORHINAL cortex ,TAU proteins - Abstract
A recent study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association has shown that research in nonhuman primates, specifically rhesus macaques, may provide a powerful model for testing treatments for early-stage Alzheimer's disease. The study focused on the tau protein, which is implicated in Alzheimer's and other dementias. By injecting mutated tau proteins into the monkeys' brains, researchers were able to track the spread of tau pathology, affected cells, and inflammation over a period of six months. This model could potentially allow for preclinical testing of interventions that target the tau protein before dementia develops. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
20. Data from Hunan University Provide New Insights into Artificial Neurons (Design of Artificial Neurons of Memristive Neuromorphic Networks Based On Biological Neural Dynamics and Structures).
- Published
- 2024
21. New Brain Sciences Research from Yanshan University Discussed (Terahertz Radiation Modulates Neuronal Morphology and Dynamics Properties).
- Subjects
SUBMILLIMETER waves ,BRAIN research - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at Yanshan University in China explores the effects of terahertz radiation on neuronal morphology and dynamics. The study suggests that terahertz radiation can induce changes in cellular structure and function by exciting resonance effects in proteins. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and laws of interaction between terahertz radiation and neurons. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the potential applications of terahertz waves in neuroscience and highlight the importance of considering safety and spatial resolution in future research. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
22. A Molecular Hypothesis on Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cancer Hallmarks Expression in This Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder.
- Author
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Keim-del Pino, Carmen, Ramos-García, Pablo, and González-Moles, Miguel Ángel
- Subjects
MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,EPITHELIAL cells ,NEOPLASTIC cell transformation ,CELL proliferation ,APOPTOSIS ,META-analysis ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,ORAL mucosa ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,TUMOR suppressor genes ,ORAL lichen planus ,ONLINE information services ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INFLAMMATION ,CELLS ,BIOMARKERS ,GENOMES - Abstract
Simple Summary: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune nature and unknown etiology which affects approximately 1% of the world's population. The most important feature of OLP is its behavior as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). The current study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis designed to evaluate the degree of existing scientific evidence on the cancer hallmarks proposed in 2011 by Hanahan and Weinberg, defined as the characteristics that cells must fulfill in order to be considered neoplastic cells in all types of tumors that affect humans. This systematic review and meta-analysis includes 110 studies which recruited 7064 cases of OLP, in which the expression of 104 molecular biomarkers were analyzed through an immunohistochemical technique. The earliest oncogenic molecular mechanisms that could justify the malignant transformation of this disease are analyzed in depth and critically discussed on the basis of evidence. We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the current evidence on the differential expression of the hallmarks of cancer in oral lichen planus (OLP) samples, in order to know the earliest molecular mechanisms that could be involved in the malignant transformation of this oral potentially malignant disorder. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before November 2023. We evaluated the methodological quality of studies and carried out meta-analyses to fulfill our objectives. Inclusion criteria were met by 110 primary-level studies, with 7065 OLP samples, in which the expression of 104 biomarkers were analyzed through immunohistochemistry. Most OLP samples showed sustained cell proliferation signaling (65.48%, 95%CI = 51.87–78.02), anti-apoptotic pathways (55.93%, 95%CI = 35.99–75.0), genome instability (48.44%, 95%CI = 13.54–84.19), and tumor-promoting inflammation events (83.10%, 95%CI = 73.93–90.74). Concurrently, OLP samples also harbored tumor growth suppressor mechanisms (64.00%, 95%CI = 53.27–74.12). In conclusion, current evidence indicates that molecular mechanisms promoting hyperproliferative signaling, an antiapoptotic state with genomic instability, and an escape of epithelial cells from immune destruction, are developed in LP-affected oral mucosa. It is plausible that these events are due to the actions exerted by the chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Malignant transformation appears to be prevented by tumor suppressor genes, which showed consistent upregulation in OLP samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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23. Bibliometric analysis of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease.
- Author
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Wenxian Sun, Jin Gong, Shaoqi Li, Pin Wang, Xiaodong Han, Chang Xu, Heya Luan, Ruina Li, Boye Wen, and Cuibai Wei
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC journals ,BIOLOGICAL models ,TAU proteins ,TRANSGENIC animals ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,RESEARCH funding ,BLOOD-brain barrier ,NEUROINFLAMMATION ,AUTHORSHIP ,OXIDATIVE stress ,IN vivo studies ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,MEDICAL research ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,BIBLIOGRAPHY ,DATA analysis software ,CELLS ,AMYLOID beta-protein precursor - Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the predominant cause of dementia on a global scale, significantly impacting the health of the elderly population. The pathogenesis of AD is closely linked to neuroinflammation. The present study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine research pertaining to neuroinflammation and AD within the last decade, with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of the current research profile, hotspots and trends. Methods: This research conducted a comprehensive review of publications within the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection Database spanning the years 2014 to 2024. Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer (version 1.6.19) and CiteSpace (version 6.3.R1) software to visualize data on countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and references. Results: A total of 3,833 publications on neuroinflammation and AD were included from January 2014 to January 2024. Publications were mainly from the United States and China. Zetterberg, Henrik emerged as the author with the highest publication output, while Edison, Paul was identified as the most cited author. The most productive journal was Journal of Alzheimers Disease, and the most co-cited was Journal of Neuroinflammation. Research hotspot focused on microglia, mouse models, oxidative stress, and amyloid-beta through keyword analysis. Additionally, keywords such as blood-brain barrier and tau protein exhibited prolonged citation bursts from 2022 to 2024. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive review of the last 10 years of research on neuroinflammation and AD, including the number and impact of research findings, research hotspots, and future trends. The quantity of publications in this field is increasing, mainly in the United States and China, and there is a need to further strengthen close cooperation with different countries and institutions worldwide. Presently, research hotspots are primarily concentrated on microglia, with a focus on inhibiting their pro-inflammatory responses and promoting their anti-inflammatory functions as a potential direction for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Toward an innovation radar for cultivated meat: exploring process technologies for cultivated meat and claims about their social impacts.
- Author
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Woelken, Lisa, Weckowska, Dagmara M., Dreher, Carsten, and Rauh, Cornelia
- Subjects
SOCIAL impact ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,LITERATURE reviews ,RADAR ,SOCIAL integration ,MEAT ,SOCIAL sustainability - Abstract
Introduction: Cultivated meat has received growing attention since claims were made that cultivated meat can be produced more ethically and sustainably than the current meat production. However, there are still major challenges in the development of cell lines, scaffolding, growth media, and bioprocess, which need to be overcome to reach industrial production levels. Numerous technological innovations have been proposed to overcome these challenges but they have rarely been evaluated with regard to their social sustainability. Consequently, it remains unclear if and how cultivated meat would contribute towards creating inclusive food systems. Methods: To bring more clarity, the study identifies different technological solutions that are used or developed for production of cultivated meat and identifies the positive and negative claims about the expected contributions of these technological solutions to social inclusion in food systems, using evidence from the literature review and 11 expert interviews. An innovation radar for cultivated meat is proposed to visualise the variety of technological innovations and the claims about their expected contributions to social sustainability. Results: The technologies in the areas cell line development, scaffolding, growth media, and bioprocess are expected to have an impact on inclusion in consumption of cultivated meat. Some cell innovations are expected to raise cognitive barriers due to complex technologies that might be difficult for the consumer to understand. Cultural barriers are expected to be raised by cell innovation entailing genetic engineering and medium innovation using FBS or animal components, which is considered to harm animals. Further, regulatory barriers are expected in the EU if genetic modification is used in the production process, which concerns the areas cells, media, and scaffolding. The innovations for scaffolds are expected to mainly lower cost and cultural barriers since most technologies are already used in the food industry. Bioprocess innovations promise to lower cost barriers, however it must be considered, that most of the collected data for innovations in the bioprocess domain are based on assumptions. Discussion: The study concludes that at this point in time, the most socially sustainable approach to cultivated meat production is not obvious. Under the current technological state of the art, it is not thinkable that production and consumption of cultivated meat could be socially inclusive. As it remains poorly understood if technologies for cultivated meat production could raise or lower barriers to inclusive consumption and production, further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Atropine can induce autophagy independent of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.
- Author
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Hai-Chang Yin, Wen-Zhu Zhuang, Xin-Jie Jiang, and Di Liu
- Subjects
MUSCARINIC acetylcholine receptors ,ATROPINE ,NICOTINIC acetylcholine receptors ,AUTOPHAGY ,MYOCARDIUM - Abstract
Background: No other effects of atropine other than as an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) have been found. Methods: In this study, human kidney epithelial cells were treated with different physiological regulators. Results: Subsequently, it was found that atropine could significantly induce autophagy as demonstrated by the appearance of autophagosome-like double- or single-membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm of host cells and the number of GFP-LC3 dots. In addition, increased conversion of the autophagy marker protein LC3-I and LC3-II and increased p62/SQSTM1 indicated incomplete autophagy. In addition, atropine induced autophagosome levels in a dose-dependent manner within a certain concentration range in human kidney epithelial cells. In atropine-treated mouse skeletal muscle cells containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and rat cardiac muscle cells containing mAchR, atropine induced autophagy in mouse skeletal muscle cells but not in rat cardiac muscle cells. Furthermore, atropine did not induce autophagy in tissue cells containing mAchR in vivo but did in tissue cells not containing mAchR. Conclusion: This study expands the application and understanding of atropine's action mechanism in the field of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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26. Phase engineering of a donor-doped air electrode for reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells.
- Author
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Kang Xu, Hua Zhang, Yangsen Xu, Dongliang Liu, Feng Zhu, Fan He, Ying Liu, Haobing Wang, and Yu Chen
- Subjects
ELECTRIC batteries ,ELECTRODES ,ENERGY storage ,CATALYTIC activity ,POLARIZATION (Electricity) - Abstract
Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R-PCECs) demonstrate great feasibility for efficient energy storage and conversion. One critical challenge for the development of R-PCECs is the design of novel air electrodes with the characteristics of high catalytic activity and acceptable durability. Here, we report a donor doping of Hf into the B-site of a cobalt-based double perovskite with a nominal formula of PrBa
0.8 Ca0.2 Co1.9 Hf0.1 O5+δ (PBCCHf0.1 ), which is naturally reconfigured to a double perovskite PrBa0.8-x Ca0.2 Co1.9 Hf0.1-x O5+δ (PBCCHf0.1-x ) backbone and nano-sized BaHfO3 (BHO) on the surface of PBCCHf0.1-x . The air electrode demonstrates enhanced catalytic activity and durability (a stable polarization resistance of 0.269 Ω cm² for ~100 h at 600 °C), due likely to the fast surface exchange process and bulk diffusion process. When employed as an air electrode of R-PCECs, a cell with PBCCHf0.1 air electrode demonstrates encouraging performances in modes of the fuel cell (FC) and electrolysis (EL) at 600 °C: a peak power density of 0.998 W cm-2 and a current density of -1.613 A cm-2 at 1.3 V (with acceptable Faradaic efficiencies). More importantly, the single-cell with PBCCHf0.1 air electrode demonstrates good cycling stability, switching back and forth from FC mode to EL mode ±0.5 A cm-2 for 200 h and 50 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Integrating Spatial and Morphological Characteristics into Melanoma Prognosis: A Computational Approach.
- Author
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Bian, Chang, Ashton, Garry, Grant, Megan, Rodriguez, Valeria Pavet, Martin, Isabel Peset, Tsakiroglou, Anna Maria, Cook, Martin, and Fergie, Martin
- Subjects
MELANOMA prognosis ,RESEARCH funding ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STATISTICS ,MACHINE learning ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CELLS ,DISEASE progression - Abstract
Simple Summary: Spatial characteristics, including cell morphology and spatial distribution patterns, hold potential prognostic value in melanoma. This study builds on existing research by exploring these spatial factors through a computational pipeline, including both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, supplemented by rigorous cross-validation techniques. Our findings reveal that spatial and morphological features can potentially enhance the prognostication of melanoma, supporting their integration into standard prognostic models. We also discuss potential limitations and outline directions for future research. In this study, the prognostic value of cellular morphology and spatial configurations in melanoma has been examined, aiming to complement traditional prognostic indicators like mitotic activity and tumor thickness. Through a computational pipeline using machine learning and deep learning methods, we quantified nuclei sizes within different spatial regions and analyzed their prognostic significance using univariate and multivariate Cox models. Nuclei sizes in the invasive band demonstrated a significant hazard ratio (HR) of 1.1 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.18). Similarly, the nuclei sizes of tumor cells and Ki67 S100 co-positive cells in the invasive band achieved HRs of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.13) and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.16), respectively. Our findings reveal that nuclei sizes, particularly in the invasive band, are potentially prognostic factors. Correlation analyses further demonstrated a meaningful relationship between cellular morphology and tumor progression, notably showing that nuclei size within the invasive band correlates substantially with tumor thickness. These results suggest the potential of integrating spatial and morphological analyses into melanoma prognostication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Advanced 'Parkinson's in a dish' model accelerates brain disease research.
- Subjects
NERVE tissue proteins ,CENTRAL nervous system diseases ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,LEWY body dementia ,ALZHEIMER'S disease - Abstract
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed a model that can rapidly convert stem cells into brain cells with protein structures characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD). This model allows for the study of the unique and variable disease pathology of PD in a petri dish, potentially leading to personalized diagnostic and treatment methods. The model can transform stem cells into brain cells within weeks, allowing for high-throughput genetic and drug screens. The researchers aim to address limitations of the model, such as generating immature neurons and studying the inflammatory responses to the protein aggregation process. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
29. Neuroscientists discover brain circuitry of placebo effect for pain relief.
- Published
- 2024
30. Study reveals same genes that can drive cancer also guide neural-circuit growth.
- Subjects
NEMATODE infections ,GENES ,SRC gene ,RESEARCH assistants ,MOTOR neurons - Abstract
A recent study conducted at the University of Kansas has revealed that the same genes that can drive cancer also play a crucial role in guiding the growth of neural circuits. The researchers focused on the gene "Src" and its role in the development of the nervous system. By using CRISPR gene editing technology, they were able to show that the Src gene is involved in axon guidance, which is essential for the proper development of the nervous system. This research has implications for understanding cancer and developing therapies for spinal cord injuries and stroke. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
31. Brain's 'escape switch' controlled by threat sensitivity dial.
- Subjects
SCHOLARSHIPS ,GABAERGIC neurons - Abstract
Neuroscientists at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre at UCL have discovered how the brain controls sensitivity to threats and initiates escape behavior in mice. The researchers studied a region of the brain called the periaqueductal gray (PAG), which is hyperactive in people with anxiety and PTSD. They found that inhibitory neurons in the PAG can be dialed up or down, directly impacting escape initiation and duration. These findings could lead to new therapies for anxiety and PTSD. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
32. With programmable pixels, novel sensor improves imaging of neural activity.
- Subjects
PIXELS ,CMOS image sensors ,DETECTORS - Abstract
A new image sensor developed by researchers at MIT's Picower Institute for Learning and Memory has the ability to improve the visualization of neural voltage activity. The sensor uses a novel approach to CMOS technology, allowing each pixel's timing to be controlled individually. This enables neighboring pixels to work together to capture all available light without sacrificing speed, resulting in improved imaging of neural voltage spikes and subtle fluctuations. The researchers hope to further develop the sensor for brain-wide, real-time measurements of neural activity in freely behaving animals. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
33. Microscope system sharpens scientists' view of neural circuit connections.
- Subjects
NEURAL circuitry ,BIOENGINEERING ,MICROSCOPES ,CELL junctions ,CELL anatomy - Abstract
A collaboration between MIT engineers and neuroscientists has developed a new microscopy system called "multiline orthogonal scanning temporal focusing" (mosTF) that allows for fast and clear imaging of the living brain. The system scans brain tissue with lines of light in perpendicular directions, resulting in a four-fold better signal to background ratio compared to traditional two-photon microscopy. The mosTF system reduces scan time without sacrificing resolution, making it a valuable tool for studying plasticity and tracking changes in circuit structure in the living brain. Further improvements to the technology are being planned to enhance efficiency and speed. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
34. Inverse design of three-dimensional multicellular biobots with target functions.
- Author
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Zhang, Hui-Kai, Xu, Bo-Wen, Jia, Zi-Yao, Li, Bo, and Feng, Xi-Qiao
- Subjects
- *
SYNTHETIC biology , *INDUCED pluripotent stem cells , *CONTRACTIONS (Topology) , *BIOMEDICAL engineering , *XENOPUS laevis , *MORPHOGENESIS - Abstract
• An inverse topological optimization method of multicellular biobots is proposed. • Effects of cell number, modulus, and nutrients on the design of biobots are considered. • Biobots can achieve various functions under the driving forces of cardiomyocytes. • Collective biobots have applications in active topological devices and drug screening. Hybrid living biobots consisting of active cells hold promise for significant applications as, for example, intelligent devices in medical engineering and organisms with specific functions in synthetic biology. However, the design and creation of living biobots with various cells remain a challenge. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional inverse optimization strategy based on the pixel topology optimization method, to design self-propelled living biobots with the function of biomechanical actuations. For illustration, we design several biobots composed of active and passive elements that mimic cardiomyocytes and passive epidermal cells sourced from such as Xenopus laevis , human induced pluripotent stem cells or neonatal rats. Their topologies are optimized by implementing the active constitutive relations of cells into the multicellular topological interpolation model. Effects of nutrient concentrations, elasticity, and anisotropic contraction of cardiomyocytes on the topologies and functionalities of the biobots are examined. In addition, we unveil the living topological interfaces generated by the collective actuations of the optimized biobots. We show a potential of collective biobots for high-throughput drug screening owing to their distinct biomechanical responses under healthy and sick conditions. The proposed inverse optimization method can be extended to design various functional multicellular biological systems, which impacts the studies of organ development, synthetic biology, and medical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Cellular Response Is Determined by a Combination of Different ELF-EMF Exposure Parameters: A Scope Review.
- Author
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López de Mingo, Isabel, Rivera González, Marco-Xavier, and Maestú Unturbe, Ceferino
- Subjects
ELECTROMAGNETIC fields ,CELL cycle ,APOPTOSIS ,MAGNETIC fields ,OXIDATIVE stress - Abstract
Since the establishment of regulations for exposure to extremely low-frequency (0–300) Hz electromagnetic fields, scientific opinion has prioritised the hypothesis that the most important parameter determining cellular behaviour has been intensity, ignoring the other exposure parameters (frequency, time, mode, waveform). This has been reflected in the methodologies of the in vitro articles published and the reviews in which they are included. A scope review was carried out, grouping a total of 79 articles that met the proposed inclusion criteria and studying the effects of the different experiments on viability, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and the cell cycle. These results have been divided and classified by frequency, intensity, exposure time and exposure mode (continuous/intermittent). The results obtained for each of the processes according to the exposure parameter used are shown graphically to highlight the importance of a good methodology in experimental development and the search for mechanisms of action that explain the experimental results, considering not only the criterion of intensity. The consequence of this is a more than necessary revision of current exposure protection regulations for the general population based on the reductionist criterion of intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Self-Assembled Block Copolymers as a Facile Pathway to Create Functional Nanobiosensor and Nanobiomaterial Surfaces.
- Author
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Sytu, Marion Ryan C., Cho, David H., and Hahm, Jong-in
- Subjects
BLOCK copolymers ,THIN films ,NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY ,BIOMOLECULES ,DRUG carriers ,PROTEIN microarrays ,SURFACE interactions ,POLYMERS - Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) surfaces permit an exquisite level of nanoscale control in biomolecular assemblies solely based on self-assembly. Owing to this, BCP-based biomolecular assembly represents a much-needed, new paradigm for creating nanobiosensors and nanobiomaterials without the need for costly and time-consuming fabrication steps. Research endeavors in the BCP nanobiotechnology field have led to stimulating results that can promote our current understanding of biomolecular interactions at a solid interface to the never-explored size regimes comparable to individual biomolecules. Encouraging research outcomes have also been reported for the stability and activity of biomolecules bound on BCP thin film surfaces. A wide range of single and multicomponent biomolecules and BCP systems has been assessed to substantiate the potential utility in practical applications as next-generation nanobiosensors, nanobiodevices, and biomaterials. To this end, this Review highlights pioneering research efforts made in the BCP nanobiotechnology area. The discussions will be focused on those works particularly pertaining to nanoscale surface assembly of functional biomolecules, biomolecular interaction properties unique to nanoscale polymer interfaces, functionality of nanoscale surface-bound biomolecules, and specific examples in biosensing. Systems involving the incorporation of biomolecules as one of the blocks in BCPs, i.e., DNA–BCP hybrids, protein–BCP conjugates, and isolated BCP micelles of bioligand carriers used in drug delivery, are outside of the scope of this Review. Looking ahead, there awaits plenty of exciting research opportunities to advance the research field of BCP nanobiotechnology by capitalizing on the fundamental groundwork laid so far for the biomolecular interactions on BCP surfaces. In order to better guide the path forward, key fundamental questions yet to be addressed by the field are identified. In addition, future research directions of BCP nanobiotechnology are contemplated in the concluding section of this Review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
37. Targeted Therapy for Highly Desmoplastic and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
- Author
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Olaoba, Olamide T., Yang, Ming, Adelusi, Temitope I., Maidens, Tessa, Kimchi, Eric T., Staveley-O'Carroll, Kevin F., and Li, Guangfu
- Subjects
ADENOCARCINOMA ,RESEARCH funding ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,CELL physiology ,INVESTIGATIONAL drugs ,PANCREATIC tumors ,METASTASIS ,FIBROBLASTS ,DUCTAL carcinoma ,DRUG development ,EXTRACELLULAR matrix ,CELLS - Abstract
Simple Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a highly desmoplastic and extreme immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which underlines the chemoresistant mechanism in PDAC. The TME components contain actionable targets for drug development. The aim of this review is to discuss the complexity of the TME, highlighting actionable drug targets that have been identified and targeted in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a very poor prognosis. Despite advancements in treatment strategies, PDAC remains recalcitrant to therapies because patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The advanced stage of PDAC is characterized by metastasis, which typically renders it unresectable by surgery or untreatable by chemotherapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC comprises highly proliferative myofibroblast-like cells and hosts the intense deposition of a extracellular matrix component that forms dense fibrous connective tissue, a process called the desmoplastic reaction. In desmoplastic TMEs, the incessant aberration of signaling pathways contributes to immunosuppression by suppressing antitumor immunity. This feature offers a protective barrier that impedes the targeted delivery of drugs. In addition, the efficacy of immunotherapy is compromised because of the immune cold TME of PDAC. Targeted therapy approaches towards stromal and immunosuppressive TMEs are challenging. In this review, we discuss cellular and non-cellular TME components that contain actionable targets for drug development. We also highlight findings from preclinical studies and provide updates about the efficacies of new investigational drugs in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Influence of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells of red bone marrow culture on the development of Lewis lung epidermoid carcinoma in vivo.
- Author
-
Kladnytska, Larysa, Tomchuk, Viktor, Velychko, Vladyslav, Salata, Volodymyr, and Šengaut, Jakov
- Subjects
SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma ,BONE marrow ,HOMEOSTASIS ,MESENCHYMAL stem cells ,HOMOGRAFTS ,LYMPHOCYTES ,GUIDED tissue regeneration ,TISSUE culture ,MICE ,METASTASIS ,RESEARCH methodology ,LUNG tumors ,ANIMAL experimentation ,CELLS ,NEOVASCULARIZATION ,IMMUNOMODULATORS - Abstract
The relevance of this study is conditioned by the widespread use of stem cells in veterinary medicine, a wide range of studies and ambiguous data on the oncoprotective properties of stem cells of different origins. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the course of the tumour process in Lewis lung carcinoma and the specific features of the effect of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells of red bone marrow culture on it. The leading approach to investigating this problem was the method of modelling Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL6 mice and the use of stem cells. The use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow culture of C57BL6 mice with transplanted epidermoid metastatic carcinoma of the Lewis lung contributed to the activation of the tumour process. Under the influence of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells of red bone marrow culture from Day 14 to Day 24 of the study, the body weight of mice decreased by 7.0-12.1% (P < 0.05) compared to the control, the diameter of the primary tumour increased by 1.43-1.51 times (P < 0.05), which is conditioned by the activation of primary tumour growth. The number of lymphocytes as producers of vascular growth factor in primary tumour tissue under the influence of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells of red bone marrow culture significantly increased by 1.47 and 1.52 times on Day 18 of the experiment compared to animals of the control group and placebo (P < 0.05), respectively. This promoted angiogenesis in the primary tumour node and metastasis through the circulatory system. After administration allogeneic mesenchymal cells of red bone marrow culture to mice, a larger volume of lung metastases was recorded, which was 41.52 ± 7.9 mm3 compared to the values in the control and placebo groups, respectively, 17.94 ± 6.59 and 16.43 ± 5.32 mm3. The morphological picture of the histological sections of the primary tumour of Lewis lung carcinoma confirms all the signs of qualitative and quantitative indicators of its progression. The findings obtained are of both theoretical and practical value for clinical veterinary medicine on the use of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in tumour processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Tools to Guide Radiation Oncologists in the Management of DCIS.
- Author
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Leonardi, Maria Cristina, Zerella, Maria Alessia, Lazzeroni, Matteo, Fusco, Nicola, Veronesi, Paolo, Galimberti, Viviana Enrica, Corso, Giovanni, Dicuonzo, Samantha, Rojas, Damaris Patricia, Morra, Anna, Gerardi, Marianna Alessandra, Lorubbio, Chiara, Zaffaroni, Mattia, Vincini, Maria Giulia, Orecchia, Roberto, Jereczek-Fossa, Barbara Alicja, and Magnoni, Francesca
- Subjects
BREAST cancer prognosis ,RISK assessment ,PATIENT safety ,CANCER relapse ,COMPUTER-aided design ,PREDICTION models ,BREAST tumors ,DECISION making ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,TUMOR markers ,MEDICAL radiology ,ONCOLOGISTS ,RADIATION doses ,MASTECTOMY ,CARCINOMA in situ ,DISEASE progression ,HISTOLOGY ,CELLS ,GENOTYPES - Abstract
Similar to invasive breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ is also going through a phase of changes not only from a technical but also a conceptual standpoint. From prescribing radiotherapy to everyone to personalized approaches, including radiotherapy omission, there is still a lack of a comprehensive framework to guide radiation oncologists in decision making. Many pieces of the puzzle are finding their place as high-quality data mature and are disseminated, but very often, the interpretation of risk factors and the perception of risk remain very highly subjective. Sharing the therapeutic choice with patients requires effective communication for an understanding of risks and benefits, facilitating an informed decision that does not increase anxiety and concerns about prognosis. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of knowledge to highlight the tools available to radiation oncologists for managing DCIS, with an outlook on future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. DDX3X and Stress Granules: Emerging Players in Cancer and Drug Resistance.
- Author
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Zhang, Han, Mañán-Mejías, Paula M., Miles, Hannah N., Putnam, Andrea A., MacGillivray, Leonard R., and Ricke, William A.
- Subjects
PROTEIN metabolism ,CASTRATION-resistant prostate cancer ,DRUG resistance in cancer cells ,DISEASE prevalence ,DRUG efficacy ,ONCOGENES ,CELLS ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Simple Summary: The prevalence of drug resistance has become a global concern, impacting the effectiveness of various cancer treatments. One of the mechanisms of drug resistance involves cellular stress response, in which stress granules (SGs) form against pharmacological stress. Recent research pointed out that an SGs component, DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X) protein, is upregulated in multiple cancers, but its role in cancer drug resistance has yet to be fully understood. This review aims to describe the relationship among DDX3X, SGs, and drug resistance in depth. The DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X) protein participates in many aspects of mRNA metabolism and stress granule (SG) formation. DDX3X has also been associated with signal transduction and cell cycle regulation that are important in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Malfunctions of DDX3X have been implicated in multiple cancers, including brain cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, and head and neck cancer. Recently, literature has reported SG-associated cancer drug resistance, which correlates with a negative disease prognosis. Based on the connections between DDX3X, SG formation, and cancer pathology, targeting DDX3X may be a promising direction for cancer therapeutics development. In this review, we describe the biological functions of DDX3X in terms of mRNA metabolism, signal transduction, and cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, we summarize the contributions of DDX3X in SG formation and cellular stress adaptation. Finally, we discuss the relationships of DDX3X, SG, and cancer drug resistance, and discuss the current research progress of several DDX3X inhibitors for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Advancements in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Research for Neurological Diseases
- Author
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Yang, Bingjie, Hu, Shuqi, Jiang, Yiru, Xu, Lei, Shu, Song, and Zhang, Hao
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Patent Issued for Neuron circuit and operating method thereof (USPTO 11977973).
- Subjects
NEURONS ,PATENTS ,MEMRISTORS ,CELL junctions ,CAPACITOR switching - Abstract
A patent has been issued for a neuron circuit and its operating method. The circuit utilizes a bipolar memristor, which is an electronic component that models the characteristics of synapses and neurons. The circuit includes various components such as capacitors, diodes, and switches, and is designed to mimic the functions of the human brain. The patent provides a detailed description of the circuit and its operation. The assignee for the patent is the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute in South Korea. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
43. Common genomic tangles in aging neurons may contribute to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease ,NEURODEGENERATION ,NEUROFIBRILLARY tangles ,CENTRAL nervous system diseases ,AGING ,NEURONS - Abstract
A recent study conducted by Purdue University researcher Hana Hall explores the connection between genomic structures called R-loops and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. R-loops, which consist of DNA and RNA tangles, are known to cause DNA damage as we age. Hall's research shows that preventing R-loops slows neuronal aging, and she will investigate their role in neurodegenerative diseases with the support of a $2.45 million grant from the National Institute of Health. The study aims to understand the pathways that lead to R-loop formation and investigate the link between R-loops, genome instability, and neuroinflammation. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
44. Following cellular lineage.
- Subjects
STEM cells ,MEDICAL genetics ,MOSAICISM ,BIOLOGICAL evolution - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine has provided new insights into the development of the human forebrain. The study focused on the cellular level of brain development and found evidence for the existence of inhibitory neurons in the human brain that differ from those in mice. The researchers used mosaic variants to trace the lineage of brain cells and discovered that inhibitory and excitatory neurons share the same lineage in humans, which is not present in other species. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of neurological diseases and their origins. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
45. How does the brain make decisions?
- Subjects
DECISION making ,NEURAL circuitry - Abstract
A recent study conducted by neuroscientists at Harvard Medical School has provided new insights into how neurons in the brain communicate during decision-making processes. The study, which was conducted in mice, combined structural, functional, and behavioral analyses to explore the connections between neurons that support decision-making. The researchers found that specific connections between groups of neurons help reinforce a choice by suppressing neural pathways for alternative options. The study focused on the posterior parietal cortex, a region of the brain that plays a crucial role in decision-making. While the findings need to be confirmed in humans, the researchers believe that there may be some conservation across species. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
46. Tanreqing injection inhibits dengue virus encephalitis by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
- Author
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Huang, Hefei, He, Xuemei, Shi, Lingzhu, Yu, Jingtao, Lu, Zibin, Cao, Huihui, Ou, Jinying, Chen, Xi, Yan, Lijun, Yang, Jiabin, Zhao, Wei, Liu, Junshan, and Yu, Linzhong
- Subjects
BRAIN physiology ,KIDNEY physiology ,ENCEPHALITIS viruses ,PROTEINS ,BIOLOGICAL models ,HAMSTERS ,INTERLEUKINS ,FLOW cytometry ,HERBAL medicine ,INJECTIONS ,DENGUE ,HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) ,ANIMAL experimentation ,ANTI-inflammatory agents ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,SIGNAL peptides ,CELLS ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,CELL lines ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,CHINESE medicine ,MICE ,CHEMICAL inhibitors ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Encephalitis caused by dengue virus (DENV) is considered a manifestation of severe dengue. Tanreqing injection (TRQ) is a well-known Chinese patented medicine, which has been used to treat brain-related disorders by inhibiting inflammation. Nevertheless, the effects of TRQ on DENV encephalitis have not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TRQ on DENV encephalitis and to explore its potential mechanisms. Methods: The cytotoxicity of TRQ was examined by MTT assay, and the anti-DENV activities of TRQ in BHK-21 baby hamster kidney fibroblast were evaluated through CCK-8 and plaque assays. The expression levels of NO, IL1B/IL-1β, TNFα and IL6 were measured by qRT‒PCR and ELISA in the BV2 murine microglial cell line. The inhibitory effects of TRQ on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BV2 cells were examined by Western blotting, qRT‒PCR and ELISA. The effects of TRQ on HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, morphology observation and flow cytometry. Moreover, a DENV-infected ICR suckling mouse model was developed to investigate the protective role of TRQ in vivo. Results: TRQ decreased the release of NO, IL6, TNFα and IL1B from BV2 cells and inhibited the activation of NLRP3. The presence of the NLRP3 agonist nigericin reversed the anti-inflammatory activities of TRQ. Furthermore, TRQ inhibited the death of HT22 cells by decreasing IL1B in DENV-infected BV2 cells. In addition, TRQ significantly attenuated weight loss, reduced clinical scores and extended the survival in DENV-infected ICR suckling mice. Critically, TRQ ameliorated pathological changes in ICR suckling mice brain by inhibiting microglia and NLRP3 activation and decreasing the production of inflammatory factors and the number of dead neurons. Conclusion: TRQ exerts potent inhibitory effects on dengue encephalitis in vitro and in vivo by reducing DENV-2-induced microglial activation and subsequently decreasing the inflammatory response, thereby protecting neurons. These findings demonstrate the potential of TRQ in the treatment of dengue encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Mitochondria-Targeted Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical Nanoparticles for Protection against Radiation-Induced Damage with Antioxidant Effects.
- Author
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Huang, Shigao, Xu, Min, Da, Qingyue, Jing, Linlin, and Wang, Haibo
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of antioxidants ,IN vitro studies ,RADIATION-protective agents ,IN vivo studies ,NITROGEN oxides ,ANIMAL experimentation ,HEMOLYSIS & hemolysins ,LEUCOCYTES ,BLOOD platelets ,SUPEROXIDE dismutase ,APOPTOSIS ,RADIATION ,MITOCHONDRIA ,SURVIVAL rate ,CELLS ,RESEARCH funding ,TUMORS ,RADIATION injuries ,MOLECULAR structure ,CELL surface antigens ,COMPUTED tomography ,ERYTHROCYTES ,NANOPARTICLES ,MICE ,IMMUNODIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Simple Summary: Radiation therapy is widely applied to treat and alleviate cancers. However, it may lead to acute and chronic side effects in adjacent normal organs. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective strategies for the radiological protection of the normal organs and immune system of patients during radiotherapy. In this context, we investigated a mitochondria-targeted nitronyl nitroxide radical with a tri-phenylphosphine ion (TPP-NIT) and its nanoparticles (NPs-TPP-NIT) with minimal toxicity. Through in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, we found that NPs-TPP-NIT display a protective effect against oxidative damage caused by X-ray irradiation. These findings reveal that NPs-TPP-NIT may be promising radioprotectors and could therefore be applied to protect healthy tissues and organs from radiation during the treatment of cancer with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is a non-invasive method that is widely applied to treat and alleviate cancers. However, radiation-induced effects in the immune system are associated with several side effects via an increase in oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective clinical radiological protection strategies for the radiological protection of the normal organs and immune system in these patients. To explore more effective radioprotective agents with minimal toxicity, a mitochondria-targeted nitronyl nitroxide radical with a triphenylphosphine ion (TPP-NIT) was synthesized and its nanoparticles (NPs-TPP-NIT) were prepared and characterized. The TPP-NIT nanoparticles (NPs-TPP-NIT) were narrow in their size distribution and uniformly distributed; they showed good drug encapsulation efficiency and a low hemolysis rate (<3%). The protective effect of NPs-TPP-NIT against X-ray irradiation-induced oxidative damage was measured in vitro and in vivo. The results show that NPs-TPP-NIT were associated with no obvious cytotoxicity to L-02 cells when the concentration was below 1.5 × 10
−2 mmol. NPs-TPP-NIT enhanced the survival rate of L-02 cells significantly under 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy X-ray radiation exposure; the survival rate of mice was highest after 6 Gy X-ray irradiation. The results also show that NPs-TPP-NIT could increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) levels after the L-02 cells were exposed to 6.0 Gy of X-ray radiation. Moreover, NPs-TPP-NIT could significantly inhibit cell apoptosis. NPs-TPP-NIT significantly increased the mouse survival rate after irradiation. NPs-TPP-NIT displayed a marked ability to reduce the irradiation-induced depletion of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets (PLTs). These results demonstrate the feasibility of using NPs-TPP-NIT to provide protection from radiation-induced damage. In conclusion, this study revealed that NPs-TPP-NIT may be promising radioprotectors and could therefore be applied to protect healthy tissues and organs from radiation during the treatment of cancer with radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Interactions Between Silver Nanoparticles and Culture Medium Biomolecules with Dose and Time Dependencies
- Author
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Vivas, Cristofher Victor, Duarte, Evandro Luiz, Barreto, Yan Borges, deOliveira, Cristiano Luis Pinto, Toma, Sergio Hiroshi, Santos, Jonnatan Julival, Araki, Koiti, Alencar, Adriano Mesquita, and Bloise, Antonio Carlos
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Researcher at University of Toledo Has Published New Study Findings on Brain Sciences (Real-Time Analysis of Neuronal Cell Cultures for CNS Drug Discovery).
- Subjects
DRUG discovery ,CELL analysis ,CELL culture ,RESEARCH personnel ,BIOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
The article focuses on a study from the University of Toledo that explores advancements in real-time analysis of neuronal cell cultures for CNS drug discovery. Topics include the use of live-cell imaging systems for monitoring neuronal network development, the lack of standardized practices for data acquisition and reporting, and an in-depth analysis of current imaging instruments to improve drug discovery methods.
- Published
- 2024
50. Recent Findings from Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Provides New Insights into Life Science (Ku70 Functions As an Rna Helicase To Regulate Mir-124 Maturation and Neuronal Cell Differentiation).
- Subjects
LIFE sciences ,MEDICAL sciences ,RNA helicase ,NEURONAL differentiation ,CELL differentiation - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at the Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences in China has discovered that the Ku70 protein, which is involved in repairing DNA breaks, also has RNA helicase activity and affects the maturation of microRNAs (miRNAs). The researchers found that deficiency of Ku70 led to the up-regulation of mature miRNAs, particularly miR-124, which is specific to neurons. Additionally, the study revealed that Zika virus infection reduced the expression of Ku70 and increased the expression of miR-124, leading to premature differentiation of embryonic neural progenitor cells, which may contribute to microcephaly. This research provides new insights into the role of Ku70 in RNA regulation and neuronal cell differentiation. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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