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In this paper, porous NiO nanoflake arrays@V 2 O 5 nanoparticles (PNFAs@VNPs) composite is fabricated on Ni foam through a facile hydrothermal process. The PNFAs@VNPs composite has an ordered array structure, a large active surface, and favorable physical stability. Based on the CV profile, the specific capacitance can achieve 950 F g−1 and remain stable at 95.8 % of the original value after 5000 loops. When the PNFAs@VNPs composite is assembled into a symmetric supercapacitor, the energy density can reach 67.0 W h kg−1 at a power density of 550 W kg−1. Even if the power density rises to 11,000 W kg−1, the energy density can still be held at 25.3 W h kg−1. The high supercapacitive property of the PNFAs@VNPs composite is owed to the synergic action of the PNFAs and VNPs. The PNFAs@VNPs composite with the advantages of battery-type and capacitive-type pseudocapacitances has higher charge transfer dynamics, making it a potential supercapacitive electrode material. [Display omitted] • Porous NiO nanoflake arrays (PNFAs) is successfully prepared on nickel foam. • V 2 O 5 nanoparticles (VNPs) are loaded on the PNFAs to form a hierarchical structure. • The PNFAs@VNPs has the advantages of Faraday and intercalation type pseudocapacitor. • The PNFAs@VNPs shows a specific capacitance of 950 F g−1at 5 mV s−1. • The PNFAs@VNPs supercapacitor has an energy density of 67.0 W h kg−1 at 550 W kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fertilization F72 kg N/ha increased fungi diversity in maize experimental field. • Maize recruit different associated fungi than soil, by altering network complexity. • Core genera play an important role for nitrogen utilization in maize plants. • Endophytic fungi are valuable natural based solutions to improve crop fertilizer management. Endophytic mycobiomes are an integral part of crops in agricultural systems. Fertilization is a conventional practice to improve agricultural crops and may alter the mycobiomes of soil and plant systems. In agroecosystems, Nature Based Solutions (NBS) are key strategies for agricultural suitability. Investigating mycobiomes under N flux can provide fundamental data for constructive NBS strategies. In this study, the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments on fungal compositions of the soil-maize systems were systematically investigated in field experiments at six N rates (F0, F72, F126, F180, F234, F280 kg N/ha) in northern China. Meta-omics amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was employed to study community dynamics, network correlation, metabolic functional assemblies, abundance patterns and core fungi. This study found that fungal communities were significantly higher at 72 kg N/ha compared with control and other treatments. Network topology increased in maize fungi (R2 = 0.69) but decreased in the soil (R2 = 0.51). Abundances of carbon–nitrogen metabolizing functional genes (Ure , AMT, gdhA and GDH) were significantly correlated with maize fungal communities and were assembled by stochastic processes. Additionally, the relative abundance of Ascomycota (67.26 %) was dominant in the soil, whereas Basidiomycota (61. 73 %) prevailed in maize samples at 72 kg N/ha. Moreover, Sporidiobolus , Alternaria , Fusarium , and Penicillium served as conserved core genera and were positively correlated with NH 4 +-N mg/kg, NO 2 –-N mg/kg and NO 3 –-N mg/kg, and pH components. Furthermore, selective genera were tested and confirmed to increase the growth rate and nitrogen utilization in maize. The study highlights the promising role of associated endophytes as Nature-Based Solution for optimizing fertilization to improve crop production in maize-agroecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Secondary hydrate formation (SHF) are studied both experimentally and numerically. • A new kinetic model integrates hydrate pore-scale morphology and the SHF characteristics. • Heterogeneous manner of hydrate formation are quantified in Cubic Hydrate Simulator. • The SHF significantly exacerbates the hydrate formation heterogeneity. The challenge of secondary hydrate formation (SHF) is frequently encountered in hydrate formation and dissociation experiments. However, there is currently a lack of modeling theory of SHF kinetics in the field and laboratory tests. In this work, the hydrate formation experiments concerning the SHF are carried out in a cubic hydrate simulator (CHS), where the pressure profiles and temperature spatial distributions are measured. A new kinetic model of hydrate formation integrating hydrate pore-scale morphology and SHF characteristics is developed. The newly developed model with unified kinetic parameters is employed in the Tough + hydrate (T + H) simulator to duplicate the experiment processes numerically, which achieves excellent agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the evolutions of the spatial distributions of the temperature and hydrate saturation behave in heterogeneous manners in the hydrate formation processes. This also reveals that the SHF can significantly exacerbate the hydrate heterogeneity in the CHS. Two additional experiments and comparisons with currently available models have validated the feasibility and accuracy of the new model. This work provides a reliable and adaptable model for describing the entire lifecycle of the hydrate formation kinetics in the porous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) treatment improves K+ uptake in grapes. • H 2 O 2 treatment activates flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. • H 2 O 2 changes ethylene signaling to promote K+ uptake by regulating K+ transporters. Potassium ion (K+) is an essential nutrient for plants. Grapes are an important industrial crop with an extremely high demand for potassium. However, potassium deficiency occurs frequently in viticulture and greatly restricts the grape industry. Developing a technique to improve potassium uptake efficiency is of vital importance for grapes. In this study, we found that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) treatment could improve K+ uptake in grapes. To determine the mechanisms underlying H 2 O 2 -induced K+ uptake, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted and the differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that ion transport-related pathways and genes changed after H 2 O 2 treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was closely related to H 2 O 2 -induced K+ uptake, and H 2 O 2 treatment could activate the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Further analysis demonstrated that H 2 O 2 treatment could activate ethylene synthesis and the ethylene signaling pathway, which promoted K+ uptake by regulating K+ transporter genes. Overall, this study demonstrates a new technique, H 2 O 2 treatment, for enhancing potassium uptake efficiency in grapes and reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying H 2 O 2 -induced K+ uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystals of Dy3+ single-doped and Dy3+/Tb3+ co-doped CaYAlO 4 are grown and analyzed. In comparison to Dy3+:CaYAlO 4 , the absorption cross sections around 453 nm and emission cross section at 582 nm acquired a growth after the incorporation of Tb3+. The fluorescence lifetimes of Dy3+:4F 9/2 upper and Dy3+:6H 13/2 lower laser levels for 582 yellow emission fall from 0.293 ms to 0.070 ms–0.285 ms and 0.018 ms, respectively. The fluorescence branching ratios of yellow emission at 582 nm are 49.2% and 50.733% for Dy3+:CaYAlO 4 and Dy3+/Tb3+:CaYAlO 4 crystals, respectively. Deactivation effect of Tb3+ ions as well as the energy transfer mechanism in Dy3+/Tb3+:CaYAlO 4 crystal are discussed in detail, and the temperature dependent spectra of the two crystals are also studied as well. Those results indicate that the introduction of deactivation ion Tb3+ can be beneficial for achieving an enhanced yellow emission in Dy3+/Tb3+:CaYAlO 4. • The temperature dependent spectra and energy transfer mechanism of Dy3+ and Tb3+ in Dy3+/Tb3+:CaYAlO 4 crystal is analyzed. • With the presence of Tb3+, the blocking of ions in the lower level of yellow laser is inhibited in a great degree. • The introduction of deactivation ion Tb3+ can be beneficial for achieving an enhanced yellow emission in Dy3+/Tb3+:CaYAlO 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HSSN09 with antagonistic effect on FON was isolated. • B. amyloliquefaciens HSSN09 could effectively control watermelon Fusarium wilt and promote the growth of watermelon seedlings. • Tacrolimus has a very obvious antifungal effect and can be used to control watermelon Fusarium wilt. • Tacrolimus was also able to stimulate the growth of watermelon seedlings. • Tacrolimus or its analogs may play a role as a pleiotropic factor in B. amyloliquefaciens HSSN09 biological control. Watermelon Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) is one of the most devastating diseases in watermelon production. Biological control approaches are efficient and environmentally-friendly, thus have aroused broad interest. However, only a few biocontrol factors/molecules have been characterized due to varied genomes and diversified secreted secondary metabolites of biocontrol microorganisms. We report the screen and identification of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HSSN09 with high antagonism to FON and watermelon growth promotion capacity. B. amyloliquefaciens HSSN09 and its secondary metabolites showed inhibition on FON mycelial growth, spore formation and spore germination. Metabolomes of the highly antagonistic strain B. amyloliquefaciens HSSN09, medium antagonistic strain B. amyloliquefaciens FGW53, weakly antagonistic strain B. subtilis JC03 and non-antagonistic strain B. cereus FGW109 were compared with LC-MS/MS. By antagonistic assay, tacrolimus was screened out among the 531 molecules that appeared in the sequencing results of HSSN09 metabolome but not in that of the non-antagonistic strain without significant inhibition on the growth of FON. Among the four tested Bacillus strains, tacrolimus analogue was only observed in the supernatant of HSSN09 by HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS. We further confirmed the ability of tacrolimus to suppress FON and promote watermelon seedling growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for plants, which plays an important role in photosynthesis, respiration and antioxidant system. It is a vital component of many enzymes, involved in various plant physiological and biochemical reactions. However, due to the extensive use of Cu-containing pesticides and the discharge of Cu-containing pollutants into the environment, Cu pollution has aroused people's attention owing to its deleterious effects on animals and plants. In plants, excess Cu can cause phytotoxicity by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), inactivating enzymes and disintegrating protein structures. To cope with changes in Cu levels in the environment, plants try to precisely regulate Cu homeostasis through multiple regulatory mechanisms. In this paper, the biological function of Cu, the toxicity of excess Cu to plants, the transport process of Cu in plants and the mechanism of plant detoxification and tolerance to Cu stress are reviewed. Moreover, the potential research direction for better understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of Cu stress tolerance in plants is proposed. • We elaborated the occurrence pathway of copper toxicity, which is conducive to the development of subsequent studies. • The focus of future research on copper stress is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Activation of sigma-1 receptor ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial injury. • Activation of sigma-1 receptor attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress and reduces apoptosis. • Sigma-1 receptor has cardioprotective effects against oxidative stress through the Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway. Sepsis is a condition that triggers the release of large amounts of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors in the body, leading to myocardial injury and cardiovascular dysfunction — an important contributor to the high mortality rate associated with sepsis. Although it has been demonstrated that the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is essential for preventing oxidative stress, its effectiveness in treating sepsis is yet unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of S1R activation in sepsis-induced myocardial injury. A model of sepsis-induced myocardial injury was constructed by performing cecum ligation and puncture(CLP) surgery on rats. Flv or BD1047 were intraperitoneally injected into rats for one consecutive week before performing CLP, and then intraperitoneally injected into the rats again 1 h after the surgery.The effects of Flv and BD1047 were detected by HE staining, immunofluorescence staining, IHC staining, echocardiography measurements,TUNEL, oxidative stress detection, TEM, flow cytometry and western blot. We further validated the mechanism in vitro using neonatal rat cardiomyocites and H9C2 cells. S1R protein level was reduced in the hearts of septic rats, whereas administration of Flv, an S1R activator, ameliorated myocardial injury, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and pathological manifestations of sepsis. On the other hand, administration of the S1R inhibitor BD1047 exacerbated the mitochondrial oxidative stress, and apoptosis, as well as symptoms and pathological manifestations of sepsis. In addition, we found that up-regulation of S1R activated the Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway and promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which activated downstream proteins to generate antioxidant factors, such as HO1, in turn alleviating oxidative stress and countering myocardial damage. By scavenging ROS accumulation and reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress via the Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway, activation of S1R improves cardiac function, mitigates death of cardiomyocytes, and attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ULK1 was up-regulated in infarct region and mainly expressed in microglia following ischemic injury. • Pharmacological ULK1 activation ameliorated behavioral disorders, and improved neuronal recovery after ischemic injury. • Pharmacological ULK1 activation promoted microglia switching to anti-inflammatory phenotype after ischemic injury. Microglial activation and autophagy play a critical role in the progression of ischemic stroke and contribute to the regulation of neuroinflammation. Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is the primary autophagy kinase involved in autophagosome formation. However, the impact of ULK1 on neuroprotection and microglial activation after ischemic stroke remains unclear. In this study, we established a photothrombotic stroke model, and administered SBI-0206965 (SBI), an ULK1 inhibitor, and LYN-1604 hydrochloride (LYN), an ULK1 agonist, to modulate ULK1 activity in vivo. We assessed sensorimotor deficits, neuronal apoptosis, and microglial/macrophage activation to evaluate the neurofunctional outcome. Immunofluorescence results revealed ULK1 was primarily localized in the microglia of the infarct area following ischemia. Upregulating ULK1 through LYN treatment significantly reduced infarct volume, improved motor function, promoted the increase of anti-inflammatory microglia. In conclusion, ULK1 facilitated neuronal repair and promoted the formation of anti-inflammatory microglia pathway after ischemic injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of TGF-β growth-inhibitory responses is a hallmark of human cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the TGF-β resistance of cancer cells remain to be fully elucidated. Splicing factor proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) is a prion-like RNA-binding protein that is frequently upregulated in human cancers. In this study, we identified SFPQ as a potent suppressor of TGF-β signaling. The ability of SFPQ to suppress TGF-β responses depends on its prion-like domain (PrLD) that drives liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Mechanistically, SFPQ physically restrained Smad4 in its condensates, which excluded Smad4 from the Smad complex and chromatin occupancy and thus functionally dampened Smad-dependent transcriptional responses. Accordingly, SFPQ deficiency or loss of phase separation activities rendered human cells hypersensitive to TGF-β responses. Together, our data identify an important function of SFPQ through LLPS that suppresses Smad transcriptional activation and TGF-β tumor-suppressive activity. [Display omitted] • SFPQ undergoes LLPS through its prion-like domain • SFPQ restrains Smad4 in its condensates and disrupts the Smad activator complex • SFPQ suppresses TGF-β-induced growth-inhibitory and transcriptional responses • SFPQ deficiency or loss of LLPS ability attenuates tumorigenesis Xiao et al. demonstrate that SFPQ phase separation secludes Smad4 from the Smad complex and consequently attenuates Smad-dependent growth-inhibitory and transcriptional responses. SFPQ is frequently upregulated in liver cancers, where hyperactive SFPQ phase separation can disable TGF-β/Smad4 tumor-suppressive activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The solubility of musk amberette in single and binary solvents was determined. • Different thermodynamics models were used to correlate the solubility data. • Thermodynamic properties of musk amberette solution were calculated. • The effects of solvent properties and Hansen solubility parameters on solvent solubility were discussed. • Molecular simulation was used to analyze the dissolution behavior of musk amberette. The solubility of 4- tert -Butyl-2, 6-dinitro-3-methoxytoluene (musk amberette) in methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, acetonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran and methanol + tetrahydrofuran at 278.15 K to 318.15 K were determined. All measurement data obtained good results by merging Van't Hoff, modified Apelblat, λh , Yaws, NRTL, Wilson, Jouyban-Acree and Sun model. The deviation analysis between fitting values and experimental values indicates that the Yaws model was more effectively in fitting the solubility of musk amberette. In addition, the Δ sol H °, Δ sol G °, Δ sol S ° of musk amberette solution were discussed by Van't Hoff equation. Their fruits implied that the dissolution of musk amberette is found to be accompanied by heat absorption and entropy gain processes. This is consistent with the positive slope of the T- x 1 curve, which means that high temperature is advantage for the continued dissolution of musk amberette. In contrast, the presence of strong hydrogen bonds between alcohol solvents results in their lowest solubility for musk amberette. As an important task, the melting performance and crystal structure of musk amber were tested through instruments. The same characteristics exclude the presence of solvates or polymorphs. Finally, molecular visualization analysis was used to summarize the interatomic interactions within the crystal of musk amberette. The relationship between HSP, π , α , β , CED and their ability to dissolve musk amberette was discussed. It has been proven that high CED of the solvent is the main obstacle to the dissolution of musk amberette. The interaction between the O atom of musk amberette and hydroxyl H atom of alcohol in binary mixed solutions was obtained through molecular dynamics. Further, elucidated the relationship between mixed solvents and solubility. In summary, these studies will provide strong guidance for the upgrading of musk amberette production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia classification and abnormal brain network recognition have an important research significance. Researchers have proposed many classification methods based on machine learning and deep learning. However, fewer studies utilized the advantages of complementary information from multi feature to learn the best representation of schizophrenia. In this study, we proposed a multi-feature fusion network (MFFN) using functional network connectivity (FNC) and time courses (TC) to distinguish schizophrenia patients from healthy controls. DNN backbone was adopted to learn the feature map of functional network connectivity, C-RNNAM backbone was designed to learn the feature map of time courses, and Deep SHAP was applied to obtain the most discriminative brain networks. We proved the effectiveness of this proposed model using the combining two public datasets and evaluated this model quantitatively using the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the functional network connectivity generated by independent component analysis has advantage in schizophrenia classification by comparing static and dynamic functional connections. This method obtained the best classification accuracy (ACC=87.30%, SPE=89.28%, SEN=85.71%, F1 =88.23%, and AUC=0.9081), and it demonstrated the superiority of this proposed model by comparing state-of-the-art methods. Ablation experiment also demonstrated that multi feature fusion and attention module can improve classification accuracy. The most discriminative brain networks showed that default mode network and visual network of schizophrenia patients have aberrant connections in brain networks. In conclusion, this method can identify schizophrenia effectively and visualize the abnormal brain network, and it has important clinical application value. • We proved that functional network connectivity has advantage in schizophrenia classification. • We designed a multi-feature fusion network and obtained the highest classification accuracy. • We obtained the most discriminative brain network connections for schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]