Search

Abstract In-sensor processing has the potential to reduce the energy consumption and hardware complexity of motion detection and recognition. However, the state-of-the-art all-in-one array integration technologies with simultaneous broadband spectrum image capture (sensory), image memory (storage) and image processing (computation) functions are still insufficient. Here, macroscale (2 × 2 mm2) integration of a rippled-assisted optoelectronic array (18 × 18 pixels) for all-day motion detection and recognition. The rippled-assisted optoelectronic array exhibits remarkable uniformity in the memory window, optically stimulated non-volatile positive and negative photoconductance. Importantly, the array achieves an extensive optical storage dynamic range exceeding 106, and exceptionally high room-temperature mobility up to 406.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, four times higher than the International Roadmap for Device and Systems 2028 target. Additionally, the spectral range of each rippled-assisted optoelectronic processor covers visible to near-infrared (405 nm–940 nm), achieving function of motion detection and recognition.

Objectives To elucidate the mechanism of tigecycline resistance in Escherichia coli that is mediated by the tet (A) variant gene. Methods E. coli strain 573 carried a plasmid-borne tet (A) variant gene, tentatively designated tet (A)TIG, that conferred decreased tigecycline susceptibility (MIC 0.5 mg/L). When exposed to increasing concentrations of tigecycline (0.25–8 mg/L), mutants growing at 2, 4 and 8 mg/L were obtained and sequenced. Copies of plasmid and tet (A)TIG relative to the chromosomal DNA in the mutants were determined by WGS and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Expression of tet (A)TIG in the mutants was evaluated by RT–qPCR. The tet (A)TIG-carrying plasmids were visualized by S1-PFGE and Southern blot hybridization. PCR served for the detection of a tet (A)TIG-carrying unconventional circularizable structure (UCS). Results Tigecycline resistance with maximum MICs of 16 mg/L was seen in E. coli mutants selected in the presence of tigecycline. Compared with the parental strain, the relative copy number and transcription level of tet (A)TIG in the mutants increased significantly in the presence of 2, 4 and 8 mg/L tigecycline, respectively. With increasing tigecycline selection pressure, the tet (A)TIG-carrying plasmids in the mutants increased in size, correlating with the number of tandem amplificates of a ΔTn As1 -flanked UCS harbouring tet (A)TIG. These tandem amplificates were not stable in the absence of tigecycline. Conclusions Tigecycline resistance is due to the tandem amplification of a ΔTn As1 -flanked tet (A)TIG-carrying plasmid-borne segment in E. coli. The gain/loss of the tandem amplificates in the presence/absence of tigecycline represents an economic way for the bacteria to survive in the presence of tigecycline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightweight detection methods are frequently utilized for unmanned system sensing; however, to tackle the challenge of low precision in detecting small targets on the water's surface by unmanned surface vessels, we present an enhanced method for ship target detection tailored specifically to this context. Building upon the mainstream single-stage Yolov8 object detection model, our approach involves the integration of the Reparameterized Convolutional Spatial Oversampling Attention (RCSOSA) module, replacing the traditional Classic 2D Convolutional (C2f) module to bolster the network's feature extraction capabilities. Additionally, we introduce a downsampling module, Spatial to Depth Convolution (SPDConv), to amplify the extraction of features relevant to small targets, thereby enhancing detection accuracy. Finally, the Focal Modulation module, based on focal modulation, replaces the SPPF (Spatial Pyramid Pooling with FPN) module, leading to a reduction in channel count, parameter volume, and an augmentation of the network's feature representation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a 3.6% increase in mAP@0.5 and a 2.1% improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95 compared to the original Yolov8 model, while maintaining real-time processing capabilities. The research validates the higher accuracy and stronger generalization capabilities of the proposed improved ship target detection method in various complex water surface environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a widely available and environmentally friendly phase change material known for its high energy storage capacity. However, its application in various industries is limited due to slow heat absorption and release, poor mechanical properties, and inadequate weather resistance. PEG was blended with waterborne epoxy resin (WER) to improve its mechanical properties and weather resistance. Furthermore, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and boron nitride (BN) were incorporated into the WER/PEG resin substrate to prepare WER/PEG/BN@GNP coatings, resulting in enhanced thermal conductivity. When the GNP content was 0.5 wt%, the WER/PEG/BN@GNP coatings performed excellent anti‐corrosion. Otherwise, the leakage of PEG under heat‐cool cycling was addressed by the preparation of WER/PEG/BN@GNP coatings, as well as the low rates of heat absorption and release. In this work, the preparation method successfully combines the phase‐change characteristics of PEG, the outstanding mechanical properties of WER, and the high thermal conductivity of BN and GNP. The WER/PEG/BN@GNP coatings present significant potential for practical applications. Highlights: A new coating is prepared by incorporation of BN/GNP into PEG/WER matrix.The prepared coating performs phase change and good heat conduction efficiency.The phase‐transition leakage of PEG is resolved by the combination with WER.The synergy of BN and GNP fillers can enhance thermal conductivity effectively.The prepared coating exhibits insulation and anti‐corrosion at low GNP content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 Maize is a main staple crop cultivated in central and Northern China but it requires irrigation at certain stages during its growth. In this paper, we present the findings of an experimental study on the effect of irrigation amount on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of the crop during its tasseling-silking stage. 【Method】 The field experiment was conducted in the long-term experiment established in 2018 at the experimental base of the academy of agricultural and animal husbandry sciences of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The experiment compared six irrigation amounts: 315 m3/hm2 (W1), 645 m3/hm2 (W2), 945 m3/hm2 (W3), 1 275 m3/hm2 (W4), and 1 605 m3/hm2 (W5); the control was rain-fed (W0). During the experiment, we measured photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of the crop in each treatment. The photosynthetic characteristics and its correlation with dry matter accumulation were calculated by fitting the response curve parameters to a non-right-angle hyperbolic model. 【Result】 The leaf SPAD in W3 was lower only than that in W4 in 2019, but in 2020 it increased by 3.96%, 5.12%, 11.10%, 12.64% and 19.90%, respectively, compared with that in W4, W2, W1, W5 and W0. In 2019 and 2020, the average daily net photosynthetic rate was the highest in W3, while in 2019, the dry weights of stems, leaves and ears in W3 were the second highest among all treatments. In 2020, the physiological indexes of the crop in W3 were higher than that in other treatments. There was no significant difference in leaf photosynthesis between W3, W4 and W5. 【Conclusion】 In central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, when the total rainfall during growing season of maize exceeded 365 mm, irrigating 945 m3/hm2 of water can effectively improve photosynthetic efficiency of the maize during its tasseling-silking stage, promote dry matter accumulation and increase grain yield.

Over recent years, the global ecological environment has deteriorated, and it is urgent to use environmentally friendly renewable energy as an alternative. Chitin nanofiber (ChNF) appears in the public view as a biomass material with biodegradability and biocompatibility. This paper elaborates on the preparation methods, application fields, and prospects of chitin nanofiber. Firstly, the preparation steps of chitin nanofibe including purification of chitin and the preparation of nano size chitin are listed. Based on this, the common chitin purification methods, such as the acid-base method, Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) auxiliary method, and microwave method, are discussed. In terms of the nano fibrillation, the mixing of chemical and mechanical methods is introduced to improve the products’ purity and yield. Secondly, due to the unique features of chitin nanofiber, its potential in biomedical, food security, and absorbent for waste water treatment is promising. However, the large-scale application of nano chitin still faces some obstacles including large energy consumption in the preparation process, high catalyst treatment cost, and unstable production rate. This paper expects that future researchers can focus on achieving the large-scale and high-quality production of chitin nanofiber and exploring its great potential.

Lactic acid bacteria play a dual role by enhancing both the flavor and nutritional benefits of fermented foods, and helping the body to prevent a variety of diseases caused by oxidation. The fulfillment of these beneficial functions is inseparable from the antioxidant activity of lactic acid bacteria. This article elaborates on the antioxidant mechanism of lactic acid bacteria including regulating antioxidant enzymes, regulating signaling pathways, scavenging free radicals, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation and metal ion chelation. The current status of the application of the antioxidant activity of lactic acid bacteria in dairy, meat, aquatic, and fruit and vegetable products is also reviewed. Finally, this article outlines the in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods for the antioxidant activity of lactic acid bacteria, aiming to provide a reference for deepening the application of lactic acid bacteria in the food processing sector.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the evolutionary patterns and resistance mechanisms of an Enterococcus faecalis strain harbouring poxtA under linezolid exposure., Methods: A poxtA-carrying E. faecalis electrotransformant DJH702 with a linezolid minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L was exposed to increasing concentrations of linezolid (8-64 mg/L). The derived strains growing at 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg/L, designed DJH702_8, DJH702_16, DJH702_32 and DJH702_64, were obtained. The amplification and overexpression of poxtA were measured using sequencing and RT-PCR, the fitness cost by competition assays and the stability of the repeat units by serial passage., Results: In all derived strains, high-level linezolid resistance develops through poxtA amplification. The relative copy numbers and transcription levels of poxtA were significantly increased. However, in the presence of higher linezolid concentrations, DJH702_32 and DJH702_64 showed reduced poxtA copy numbers and transcription levels compared with DJH702_8 and DJH702_16, but additional mutations in the 23S rRNA (G2505A). IS1216E-mediated formation of translocatable units with subsequent tandem amplification of these translocatable units supported the gain of poxtA segments. However, these amplicons were not stable and were lost frequently in the absence of a linezolid selection pressure. The amplification of the poxtA region did not result in a fitness cost, but mutations in 23S rRNA did., Conclusions: poxtA-carrying E. faecalis electrotransformants used two distinct mechanisms to resist linezolid selection pressure: at lower concentrations, strains prioritized increasing poxtA expression levels, while at higher concentrations, a combination of increased poxtA expression and mutations in 23S rRNA was observed., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) is considered to be the major allergenic protein in milk. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) possess a protein hydrolysis system that holds great promise for hydrolyzing β-LG and reducing its allergenicity. Therefore, this study aimed to screen LAB with β-LG hydrolysis activity from Yunnan traditional fermented foods. The results showed that Pediococcus pentosaceus C1001, Pediococcus acidilactici E1601-1, and Lactobacillus paracasei E1601-2, could effectively hydrolyze β-LG and further reduce its sensitization (more than 40%). All 3 lactic acid bacteria hydrolyzed β-LG allergenic fragments V41-K60 and L149-I162. Moreover, they encode a variety of genes related to proteolysis, such as aminopeptidase pepC and pepN, proline peptidase pepIP and endopeptidase pepO, and L. paracasei E1601-2 contains extracellular protease coding gene prtP. And they encode a variety of genes associated with hydrolyzed proteins. The 3 strains screened in this study can be used to develop hypoallergenic dairy products., (© 2024, The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)

The association between high blood pressure and fracture showed obvious discrepancies and were mostly between hypertension with future fracture, but rarely between fracture and incident hypertension. The present study aims to investigate the associations of hypertension with future fracture, and fracture with incident hypertension. We included adult participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) prospective cohort in 1997-2015 (N = 10,227), 2000-2015 (N = 10,547), 2004-2015 (N = 10,909), and 2006-2015 (N = 11,121) (baseline in 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006 respectively and outcome in 2015). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. In the analysis of the association between hypertension and future fracture, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 1.34 (0.95-1.90) in 1997-2015, 1.40 (1.04-1.88) in 2000-2015, 1.32 (0.98-1.78) in 2004-2015, and 1.38 (1.01-1.88) in 2006-2015. In the analysis of the association between fracture and incident hypertension, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 1.28 (0.96-1.72) in 1997-2015, 1.18 (0.94-1.49) in 2000-2015, 1.12 (0.89-1.40) in 2004-2015, and 1.09 (0.85-1.38) in 2006-2015. The present study showed that hypertension history was associated with increased risk of future fracture, but not vice versa., (© 2024. The Author(s).)