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Teachers' beliefs impact student outcomes. Yet, regulatory agencies look to standardized accountability measures to establish a base for student improvement. This study examines other qualitative factors that impact student success by exploring teacher candidates' beliefs about what students should learn. Specifically, it examines the beliefs of teacher candidates who were enrolled in a course on teaching students with disabilities. Education Journey Maps and interview data were conducted with 24 teacher candidates. Analyzed through a conceptual framework of Disability Critical Race Theory (DisCrit) and neoliberalism, results indicate that teacher candidates possess an economic habitus that seeks standardization, commodifiable skills, and individualism. Teacher candidates implicitly understand that human capacity and diversity are multifaceted but believe that holding the same standards for everyone will rid our education system of discrimination against people with disabilities. This work has implications for wider debates on the impacts of standardization and neoliberalism in teacher education.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a shift from traditional face-to-face instruction to online learning. We analyze how this shift has affected learning outcomes, using a rich data set from a financial literacy training of schoolteachers in Armenia. Online training worked well for relatively simple skills (acquiring theoretical financial knowledge) but less well than in-person training for more complex tasks (learning how to teach financial literacy to students). We also found that the deterioration of training success in the online cohort is stronger among social studies teachers than among math teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's experience of being a mid-career freelance violinist and studio teacher, highlighting financial literacy, and drawing the parallels between managing a dental practice and a freelance career in music. It provides strategies for self-employed musicians to achieve financial stability, such as tracking income and expenses, creating a budget, developing a retirement plan, paying taxes accurately, and purchasing necessary insurance plans.

As pension benefits from statutory public schemes become less generous, and many countries face pension-savings crises, the willingness to participate in supplementary retirement saving instruments becomes crucial for sustainable financial well-being. The main objective of this article is to present how trust and financial literacy influence the choice of sustainable auto-enrolment pension scheme as a private and supplementary pension savings. The study highlighted factors influencing participation in auto-enrollment and private supplementary pension savings. The study focuses mainly on financial literacy and trust. We used the CAWI method with 857 interviews in Poland—the first country in Central and Eastern Europe to introduce an auto-enrolment pension system. Our study uses multivariable data-mining tools, and several regression models were applied. We used Logistic Regression (LR), Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR), and Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) to support the LR analysis. We propose four regression models. Our findings present that: 1. The lower the consumer's knowledge level, the more their decisions are based on trust. 2. Trust in the state, rather than trust in financial institutions, plays a crucial role for people with low financial literacy, which is a critical factor in choosing the auto-enrolment option for pension savings. 3. Men had higher odds of auto-enrolment pension saving than women. 4. Employees of economic universities and academics had higher odds of participating in capital pension plans than those of general universities and non-academics. Our findings can signal to governments and policymakers about factors influencing the choice of auto-enrolment supplementary retirement savings. These findings strengthen the role of sustainable economic education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual characteristics, such as educational background, are important but insufficient to explain variation in financial literacy among people. Using repeated cross-sectional survey data on over 130,000 individuals aged 50+ and residing in 20 European countries and Israel combined with historical country-level data, we explore the role that selected country characteristics play in stimulating the acquisition of financial literacy. We find a lasting effect of social mobility on financial literacy: individuals who spent early adulthood in countries characterised by high intergenerational mobility proved to be more financially literate than their peers as they age. The effect is economically sizable, especially among women and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. The results hold in models that use country-specific cohort effects to absorb context confounders and common shocks. Our findings suggest that promoting equality of opportunities across generations is not only ethically desirable but can also enhance socially valuable spillovers such as the accumulation of skills among vulnerable population groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a survey among more than 2000 consumers in the Netherlands, we examine the drivers of trust in De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB). Our results suggest that consumers' knowledge about supervision is positively associated with their trust in DNB. Assessing the fitness and propriety of top managers of financial institutions and supervising financial institutions enlarge trust in DNB. The same holds for the execution of the deposit guarantee system. Finally, we find that communicating about supervisory activities also increases trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite an improving financial inclusion situation across the developing world, there still exist wide gender gaps in financial inclusion, especially in fragile and post‐conflict countries. In our study, we designed and implemented a survey consisting of 860 households across urban and rural Burundi to examine the effect of financial inclusion on household asset‐based welfare from a gendered perspective. To address any endogeneity concerns, we apply the two‐stage least squares (2SLS) regression method. We find that most Burundian households prefer to save their money at home rather than at a financial institution. Also, mobile money is mainly employed as a means of receiving and withdrawing cash. Our 2SLS regression results reveal that improved financial inclusion has a greater effect on the welfare of female‐headed households than on male‐headed households. We recommend the use of social networks as an avenue to promote financial inclusion and literacy. Additionally, the Government of Burundi can collaborate with the telecommunication operators to institute small loan schemes through the mobile money platform to enhance access to credit, especially for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesMethodsResultsConclusions:Clinical implicationsBased on previous empirical research on financial stressors and resources and using a prevention science framework, this pilot study examined the effect and acceptability of a three-session older adult financial exploitation prevention intervention.Forty-five older adults participated in the study. Each participant completed three 30- to 45-minute sessions. The sessions included financial exploitation vulnerability, financial literacy, techniques used by scammers, choosing a trusted advocate, and creating a financial inventory. At the end of each session, participants were asked how relevant and trustworthy the information presented was. Primary outcome measures were financial vulnerability and financial literacy. Secondary outcomes were other mental health and stress factors, as well as how many participants reported choosing a trusted advocate and creating a financial inventory.Financial literacy and financial vulnerability scores after the prevention intervention differed significantly from baseline scores. Participants’ ratings after each session, with respect to usefulness and trustworthiness, were extremely positive.The financial exploitation prevention intervention program demonstrated acceptability and a positive effect on reducing vulnerability to financial exploitation.Proper assessment of an older client’s financial history and of plans to safeguard their financial future is integral to the overall well-being and health of older clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusionThis scoping review investigates crime victimization prevention interventions among sex workers.Using the PRISMA method, we reviewed 11 papers referring to 8 studies that targeted the reduction of sex workers’ victimization.Effective strategies identified include community mobilization, peer-led outreach, establishment of safe spaces, legal empowerment, sociocultural activities, financial literacy training, and alcohol harm reduction initiatives. These approaches demonstrated significant reductions in victimization, improvements in community cohesion, and enhanced access to essential resources and support systems, thereby promoting the safety and well-being of sex workers. However, several challenges were also identified, such as high attrition rates, contamination, underreporting due to stigma, and variability in effectiveness across different socio-cultural and geographic contexts.Despite the potential of these interventions, further research is needed, particularly from a criminological perspective, to better understand how these strategies can be refined and applied to improve the safety and well-being of sex workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of dynamic capabilities and financial behavior on the speed of performance recovery for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), as well as the impact of dynamic capabilities, financial behavior, and speed of MSME performance recovery on business sustainability. The data were collected from a total of 450 food and beverage MSMEs in Central Java, Indonesia, through field surveys. Then, the data were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed the importance of dynamic capabilities and financial behavior to accelerate MSME performance recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this study found that the dynamic capabilities, financial behavior, and speed of performance recovery are determinants of business sustainability. These findings highlight the importance of MSME actors in continuing to monitor the dynamics of their environment and respond to them with products and services that meet the demands in order to achieve long-term sustainability of MSME performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of microcredit on the growth of microenterprises in the Asante-Akim Central Municipal Area of Ghana. The analysis reveals that while larger loan amounts positively influence business growth, high interest rates and rigid repayment terms impede these benefits. Entrepreneurs with higher education levels report better growth outcomes, emphasizing the significance of financial literacy and management skills. However, the evidence indicates that microcredit alone is insufficient to consistently drive sustainable growth for microenterprises, as structural challenges persist. Practical implications suggest that microfinance institutions (MFIs) should revise loan structures to include lower interest rates, extended grace periods, and flexible repayment options. Additionally, integrating financial literacy programs into microfinance services could enhance loan utilization and business outcomes. These findings challenge the universal applicability of microcredit as a growth catalyst, advocating for tailored approaches to better align financial products with the needs of microenterprises in emerging markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial resilience is the capacity of individuals to effectively mitigate the impacts of adversities by utilizing appropriate resources. Previous studies primarily assess financial resilience using an ex-post approach, evaluating resilience after a shock has occurred, causing additional stress for households. Conversely, ex-ante assessments rely heavily on economic resources like savings and emergency funds to mitigate adverse effects. However, in developing countries with underdeveloped financial systems, access to financial services is a major challenge. Households in these regions rely on a variety of resources, capabilities, and networks to remain resilient. Thus, both ex-post and ex-ante approaches are limited by being narrow, unidimensional, and backward-looking. This paper posits that financial resilience is a forward-looking, multidimensional concept emphasizing ex-ante preparedness for future adversities using internal and external resources. We propose a financial resilience framework encompassing financial inclusion, financial literacy, digital literacy, participatory decision-making, and social capital. Using data from the 2016 Intermedia's Financial Inclusion Insight Survey of India and employing multivariate statistical techniques, including multiple correspondence analysis and principal component analysis, we develop a composite measure of financial resilience. Our analysis identifies vulnerable segments of the population, suggesting that only about 2% of adults are financially resilient, while one-fourth are financially vulnerable. Specifically, adults in rural areas, females, younger and older individuals, those with low education levels, and individuals without full-time employment are more likely to be financially vulnerable. We discuss policy implications aimed at enhancing financial inclusion, financial and digital literacy, and women's empowerment to better protect against future shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing global food security demands urgent improvement in agricultural productivity, particularly in developing economies where market imperfections are perverse and resource constraints prevail. While microcredit is widely acknowledged as a tool for economic empowerment, its role in facilitating agricultural technology adoption and improving agricultural incomes remains underexplored. This study examines the synergistic effects of microcredit access and agricultural technology adoption on the incomes of maize farmers in Kenya. Using household-level data, we employ an endogenous switching regression framework to control possible endogeneity in access to microcredit. Our findings shows that microcredit access positively influences the adoption of advanced agricultural technologies. Key determinants, including marital status, use of fertilizer application, access to extension services, and cooperative membership, are identified as significant determinants of microcredit access. Notably, the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) indicates a 40.52% increase in income among farmers who access microcredit, mainly driven by the timely adoption of high-quality seeds, improved agricultural technologies, and enhanced inputs. These results highlight microcredit's role in promoting allocative efficiency and enhancing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) within agricultural systems. Robustness checks, including propensity score matching and sensitivity analyses, corroborate these findings. The study recommends the implementation of targeted financial policies and educational initiatives meant to promote credit access, encourage savings, and enhancing financial literacy, particularly for credit-constrained households. Integrating these measures could strengthen rural financial markets and drive sustainable agricultural development across the regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since financial literacy is seen as a skill that can be acquired through educational programs, determining the financial literacy of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, which have a good command of financial concepts and practices, is the main purpose of this research. According to the t-test results for independent samples for whether financial literacy rates and scale sub-dimensions differ on the basis of gender for each country, it was determined that there is a significant and positive difference on the basis of gender; also, according to the results of analysis for whether it differs on the basis of age for each country, it was found that there is a significant difference on the basis of age in terms of knowledge on economy, economic rationality, and social-economic reflections, and the individual economy sub-dimension was statistically different for Kazakhstan, and the social economic reflections dimension was different for Kyrgyzstan in terms of different age groups. The findings of the study can contribute to the identification of needs in order to design long-term education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With globalization erasing borders between countries, economic difficulties in one country can have a butterfly effect, impacting other nations as well. The importance of citizens' attitudes and behaviors in ensuring a country's economic prosperity is inevitable. Financial attitudes and behaviors can also affect the employees within businesses operating in a country, positively or negatively. This holds true for the tourism sector, one of the industries providing the most foreign currency inflows to a country. Financial literacy enables employees to maintain a more positive attitude towards economic fluctuations and uncertainties. In this regard, the aim of the research was to determine the impact of financial literacy among undergraduate students in the tourism field on employee performance. A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing the survey technique for data collection. Data was gathered from 284 undergraduate students enrolled in the Tourism Faculty of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University. According to the research findings, there is a positive and significant relationship between the financial literacy of tourism students and employee performance. When considering students' demographic characteristics alongside their financial literacy, it was generally found that male students have higher awareness in financial behavior, digital financial attitudes, and digital financial behaviors. However, female students exhibit higher awareness levels in financial knowledge compared to male students. These findings suggest that tourism businesses can enhance their productivity and economic efficiency by planning for employees with high levels of financial literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital financial literacy is an emerging concept that refers to the ability to effectively use digital tools, platforms, and services to manage personal finances. While previous studies have explored the behavioral effects of digital financial literacy, less is known about its broader well-being implications for financial consumers. In this study, we aim to examine the association between digital financial literacy and life satisfaction in a developed country context. Digital financial literacy was measured using a multidimensional scale that encompasses financial knowledge, digital literacy, digital financial service awareness, practical know-how of digital financial services, and self-protection against digital financial fraud. Using data of 1615 Korean adults who currently use digital financial services, this study estimated a series of regressions linking life satisfaction to digital financial literacy and covariates. The results showed a significant association between digital financial literacy and life satisfaction, with self-protection against fraud being the most influential subdimension. Notably, financial knowledge was not associated with life satisfaction when other dimensions of digital financial literacy were independently included in the regression models. These findings highlight the importance of digital skills and knowledge in navigating digital financial services. They also emphasize the need for targeted policies, financial education initiatives, and consumer protection measures to address the lack of digital financial literacy among marginalized populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, clubs in Big Five leagues enjoyed unstoppable growth in their revenues, largely due to increases in media rights. In contrast, clubs outside the Big Five have much weaker financial capabilities and cannot rely solely on income from media rights, so they use the transfer market to increase their revenues and develop a competitive advantage. In the present study, we examined five Swiss Super League clubs' transfer market strategies from a resource-based perspective to determine the competitive advantages they gain and the importance of transfers to their economic models. Combining data between 2015 and 2020, with semi-structured interviews, we analysed the competitive advantages these clubs developed thanks to the interaction between resources, capability, luck, and market asymmetries. Our results revealed three types of clubs and help fill a research gap, as this issue has barely been addressed in studies on the research-based view or on sports teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: The level of financial inclusion has increased markedly in Namibia in recent years. Currently, 78% of the population is considered to be financially included. More importantly, this increase has largely derived from vulnerable groups, including low‐income earners living in rural areas. Although there has been an increase in the rate of financial literacy, there is no formal empirical analysis showing the extent to which improved access to formal financial services is associated with financial literacy. Purpose: This article deepens the empirical analysis of financial literacy by simultaneously considering their effects on savings, bank account ownership, and access to credit and insurance in Namibia. We further disaggregated the analysis to consider heterogeneity between men and women, as well as between rural and urban populations. Approach and methods: We used data from the Namibia Financial Inclusion Survey of 2017 and the instrumental variable probit model to minimize the bias from possible endogeneity caused by potential measurement error, unobserved variable bias, or reverse causality. Findings: The study showed that financial literacy significantly increases the likelihood of people using formal financial products. Failure to adequately control for the associated bias would lead to substantial overestimation of the impact of financial literacy. Estimates from the disaggregated analysis showed that the impact of financial literacy differs significantly between rural and urban populations, as well as between men and women. The effects are higher for males than for females and for rural than urban sub‐samples. Policy implications: The positive effect of financial literacy on formal financial products suggests that policy options that promote financial literacy are crucial for improving access to formal financial products, particularly for men and the rural population. These policies could include the introduction of financial literacy programmes in schools in order to enhance personal financial knowledge and participation in the formal financial sector. Emphasis should be placed on the raising of awareness, especially among disadvantaged communities, as to the benefits of owning and operating different financial products and on the inclusion of financial literacy programmes on public television. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Inadequate health literacy increases medical costs and leads to poor health outcomes. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence of such associations in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates how the household cost of malaria in children under five in Ghana varies based on different levels of health literacy. Methods A cross-sectional survey involving 1270 caregivers of children under five was conducted. The survey included health literacy questionnaire and several pieces of sociodemographic and behavioural variables. Results We created seven caregiver health literacy profiles by scoring nine dimensions. The mean total cost for managing malaria among respondents was US$20.29 per episode. The total household cost for caregivers with high health literacy (Profile 1) (US$24.77) was higher than all other profiles, with the lowest cost (US$17.93) among the low health literacy profile (Profile 6). Compared with Profile 4, caregivers with high health literacy (Profile 1) spent more on managing malaria in children, while those with the lowest health literacy (Profile 7) spent less. Conclusion The current study presents a snapshot of malaria treatment costs, and argues that low health literacy may lead to increased costs due to possible reinfections from delayed healthcare use. There is a need for longitudinal studies to understand causal relationship between health literacy and household expenses on malaria treatment to inform policy development and interventions. Lay Summary This study explores the impact of caregiver health literacy levels on the cost of managing malaria incidents in children under five in Ghana. High health-literate caregivers incurred the highest total household cost at US$24.77, with US$17.93 incurred by lower health-literate caregivers per malaria episode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution is interdisciplinary in nature. Aim of the contribution is to suggest some innovative concept for modern managers, which could prevent bankruptcy in the 21st century. Partial aims are following: identify 3 categories of financial risks, create schemes, according which could managers prevent these risks and finally create innovative method "Business Coin Concept" TM, which is suitable for business education during the business life cycle in the 21st century. To main financial risks belong: secondary inability to pay (insolvency) - SIP, fines and penalties by state authorities - FPSA and primary inability to pay - PIP. Then are identified tools to reduce these risks - e.g. SIP by financial analysis ex post and ex ante. In next step are identified information resources available to the manager to recognize financial risk and make an adequate decision - e.g. for SIP public and commercial database. The final output is the data evidence in the company information system. Data evidence is composed of 3 subsystems: financial, tax and managerial accounting. Authors also identify the main reasons for the manager to understand the content and connection of financial and managerial accounting when knowing the symptoms of the imminent bankruptcy of the company. The last step of the scheme is connection between 3 accounting subsystems. Main benefit of research is the creative educative method Business Coin Concept TM, which could we use not only by business education of entrepreneurs, but also by students of secondary schools. This suggestion will reduce the probability of financial loss of the company. Conclusion of article contains social and economic significance of suggested innovative approach, there are also some future extensions and limitations of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Final-year students face significant financial challenges due to limited income and low financial literacy. This often leads to uncontrolled spending, lack of awareness about financial habits, and imbalanced income and expenses. This study proposes a rule-based financial management system to help students organize, monitor, and analyze their finances. The analysis shows that students' main expenses are food, transportation, and housing, with financial risks arising from irregular financial recording and overspending. The proposed system includes features like expense categorization, budget limits, monthly reports, notifications for unusual spending, and reminders to record finances. Applying a rule-based approach, the system offers personalized recommendations, such as budget control for specific categories and early warnings for disproportionate expenses. This application aims to improve financial awareness, help students prioritize spending, and reduce financial risks. It also serves as a financial education tool to support students in achieving financial stability as they transition into professional life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]