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In the present work, five compositions in the BaO–MgO–SiO2 ternary system were chosen, and ceramics were prepared using the solid‐state reaction method. Single phases were formed easily for the first four compositions, and BaMgSi3O8 ceramics were found to be a mixture of both BaSi2O5 and MgSiO3, according to X‐ray diffraction results. Among all the compositions, Ba2MgSi2O7 ceramic sintered at 1225°C possesses the highest Qf (Q = 1/dielectric loss = 1/tanδ, f = resonant frequency) value ∼55 010 GHz along with relative permittivity ∼8.0 and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) ∼−57.5 ppm/°C. With 3 wt.% BCB (BaO–B2O3–CuO) additions, Ba2MgSi2O7 ceramic was well densified at 950°C with a relative permittivity ∼8.1, Qf value ∼28 920 GHz (at 12.37 GHz) and TCF value ∼‒56.6 ppm/°C. These series ceramics with low relative permittivity values might be good candidates for low‐temperature co‐fire ceramic technology substrate applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The slow kinetic process of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and poor electrochemical stability in acidic environments of electrocatalysts seriously restrict the efficiency of hydrogen production from proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). In recent years, developing corrosion-resistant and redox-active doped TiO2 with heterogeneous atoms has become an effective strategy to address this challenge. However, most of the reported studies only explore single-element doped TiO2-supported catalysts, and there are few reports comparing the doping effects of various elements at the experimental level, which is crucial for screening high-performance OER electrocatalysts. In this work, seven different metal elements M (M = V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Nb, W) are selected for doping anatase TiO2 with the same molar ratio (M/Ti) and combined with IrO2 nanoparticles to form M-doped TiO2-supported IrO2 (M–TiO2@IrO2) electrocatalysts. Electrochemical OER activity and stability results indicate that W–TiO2@IrO2 exhibits the best performance among all these catalysts in terms of comprehensively regulating the conductivity of TiO2 and the activity and stability of IrOx within the range of experimental design in this work, which originates from the appropriate energy band structure obtained through W doping, optimizing the intrinsic conductivity of the support and interfacial electronic structure between the metal oxide and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of curcumin on the lipid metabolism of grass goldfish and find out the appropriate amount of curcumin. 360 grass goldfish with an initial weight of (40.12±1.23) g and initial body length of (10.34±0.08) cm were selected. They were randomly divided into six groups, with three replicates in each group, and each replicate consisting of 20 individuals. Different concentrations of curcumin (0, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 μmol/L) were injected, and the fish were cultured for 14 days. After 7 and 14 days of curcumin injection, the concentrations of serum TC and TG in the 160-640 μmol/L curcumin group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The activities of AST and ALT in the hepatopancreas of grass goldfish in the 320 μmol/L curcumin group and 640 μmol/L curcumin group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The activities of CAT and T-SOD in the 320 μmol/L curcumin group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The study indicates that curcumin injection can reduce the concentrations of serum TC and TG to a certain extent, and has a certain repair effect on the hepatopancreas of grass goldfish, and can improve the antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous taxonomic studies, identification of Atlanticus species was mainly based on male morphological features, such as cercus, tenth abdominal tergum and subgenital plate. In this study, we systematically revise eight Atlanticus species (61 individuals) in East China. We sequence COI genes of all samples for identification, and compare morphologies and male calling songs. The classification based on male cerci, calling songs, and COI genes is consistent. In contrast, the morphologies of male tenth abdominal tergum and subgenital plate varied among species. In addition, we regard A. jiangyei Liu, Wang & Cheng, 2016 as a junior synonym of A. pieli Tinkham, 1941, and A. helleri Liu, Wang & Cheng, 2016 as a junior synonym of A. kiangsu Ramme, 1939. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of the behavior of magnesium (Mg) isotopes during magmatic differentiation is a prerequisite for applying Mg isotopes as a tracer of crustal recycling and mantle heterogeneity. Crystal fractionation of mafic silicate minerals leads to limited Mg isotope fractionation; hence, Mg isotopic variations in basalts largely result from contributions of subducted crustal materials into their mantle sources. However, recent studies have revealed that the segregation of iron oxides, such as chromite during early-stage basaltic differentiation and titanomagnetite and ilmenite during late-stage differentiation, can potentially modify Mg isotopic compositions of mantle-derived lavas. Titanomagnetite is much more commonly observed in terrestrial basaltic lavas than chromite and ilmenite, and can also form during early-stage basaltic differentiation. To constrain the effects of titanomagnetite crystallization on Mg isotopic systematics of basaltic magma, we report Mg isotopic data for a suite of well-characterized alkaline basaltic lavas (MgO wt% = 4.99 to 6.52) from Gerba Guracha, western Ethiopian Plateau, which have undergone extensive titanomagnetite fractionation. Their δ26Mg values range from −0.29‰ to −0.17‰ and do not correlate with indicators of titanomagnetite fractionation such as TiO 2 and V. These observations suggest that the segregation of titanomagnetite produced limited Mg isotope fractionation, possibly because of its composition-dependent, highly variable Δ26Mg Ti-Mgt−melt (Δ26Mg Ti-Mgt−melt = δ26Mg Ti-Mgt − δ26Mg melt) values. Considering that most iron oxides occur as complex solid solutions that are controlled by the oxygen fugacity of magmas, the effects of oxide segregation on Mg isotopic systematics of basalts require further evaluation. • Alkaline basaltic lavas from Gerba Guracha display limited Mg isotopic variations. • The δ26Mg values do not correlate with indicators of titanomagnetite fractionation. • Titanomagnetite fractionation has produced limited Mg isotope fractionation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. The Ir a Hf b Al c alloy thin films were deposited by Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering (DC-MS). 2. We for the first time prepared Ir a Hf b Al c alloy thin films with a preferred (111) orientation substitution solid solution, which have the advantages of mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. 3. The mechanical properties of the Ir a Hf b Al c alloy films were significantly improved over the previous ones, with maximum hardness (H) and modulus of elasticity (E) exceeding 20 GPa and 330 GPa, respectively. 4. The catalytic activity of Ir in Ir a Hf b Al c films is effectively reduced. The volatilization temperature of the films is increased and the overall oxidation resistance is substantially improved. [Display omitted] • The Ir a Hf b Al c alloy thin films with a preferred (111) orientation substitution solid solution were first prepared by us for the first time. It has the advantages of mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. • The mechanical properties of the Ir a Hf b Al c alloy films were significantly improved over the previous ones. The minimum surface roughness (Ra) value of the IraHfbAlc alloy films was 0.7 nm, while the maximum hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) exceeded 20 GPa and 330 GPa, respectively. • The oxidized volatility of the Ir in the films was only 0.11 μm/h at 1300 °C (lower than most of the previously reported values, such as 0.5 μm/h). The oxidation rate was slowed down by 50 % compared to the previous one, which greatly improved the lifetime of the film. • Moreover, the modified Ir a Hf b Al c alloy thin films reduce the catalytic activity of Ir metal, reduces the thermal effect and increases the volatilization temperature. • Detailed analysis of microscopic phenomena reveals the presence of crystal-like order (CLO) in thin films, solving the mystery of improved oxidation resistance and mechanical properties. Improving oxidation resistance has long been a challenge for hot end components in high temperature environments. We have fabricated a series of Ir a Hf b Al c (at. %) alloy thin films by multi-targeted direct current magnetron sputtering (DC-MS) and have thoroughly investigated the microscopic mechanism of the films. More importantly, we for the first time prepared Ir a Hf b Al c alloy thin films with a preferred (111) orientation substitution solid solution, which exhibits excellent mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. The minimum surface roughness (R a) value of the Ir a Hf b Al c alloy films was 0.7 nm, while the maximum hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) exceeded 20 GPa and 330 GPa, respectively. The oxidized volatility of the Ir in the films was only 0.11 μm/h at 1300 °C (lower than most previously reported values, such as 0.5 μm/h), which greatly improved the lifetime of the film. Confirmation that lattice distortion induces the refinement of crystal-like order (CLO) in thin films, and solves the mystery of enhanced oxidation resistance. The findings provide important insights into the design of Ir-containing alloy coatings and offer new ideas in the field of high-temperature protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A biohydrogel electrode containing nanosheets and Shewanella was farbicated. • Biohydrogel was modified into photoanode with thylakoid membrane. • Photoanode produced maximum photocurrent 126 μA/cm3 under visible light. • 5.4 mM butyrate was yield from CO 2 bio-reduction in photoelectrochemical cell. Bio-photoelectrochemical cell (BPEC) is an emerging technology that can convert the solar energy into electricity or chemicals. However, traditional BPEC depending on abiotic electrodes is challenging for microbial/enzymatic catalysis because of the inefficient electron exchange. Here, electroactive bacteria (Shewanella loihica PV-4) were used to reduce graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets and produce co-assembled rGO/ Shewanella biohydrogel as a basic electrode. By adsorbing chlorophyll contained thylakoid membrane, this biohydrogel was fabricated as a photoanode that delivered maximum photocurrent 126 μA/cm3 under visible light. Impressively, the biohydrogel could be served as a cathode in BPEC by forming coculture system with genetically edited Clostridium ljungdahlii. Under illumination, the BPEC with above photoanode and cathode yielded ∼ 5.4 mM butyrate from CO 2 reduction, 169 % increase compared to dark process. This work provided a new strategy (nanotechnology combined with synthetic biology) to achieve efficient bioelectricity and valuable chemical production in PBEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-healable hydrogels have attracted significant interests in the fields of environmental protection, oil plugging and electronic sensors, etc. Benefiting from the synergistic contribution of hydrogen bonding and ligand chelation, in this work, we prepared a series of self-healable hydrogels via a simple and inexpensive approach, which overcame the limitations of the intrinsic nature of dynamic covalent bonds and non-covalent interactions under harsh conditions. Systematic study of the effect of temperature, salt concentration and particle size on the physicochemical performance of the re-crosslinking progress revealed that re-crosslinked gels using particles of 0.20–0.28 mm (in a solution with salt concentration of 10%) at 130 °C presented an elastic modulus of 62 Pa at a frequency of 10 Hz and remained elastic after 45 days of aging (elastic modulus: 18,170 Pa). Of particular interest, gel particles with a particle size of 0.125–0.28 mm can be reassembled at temperatures up to 150 °C or salt concentrations up to 20%, which is superior to a plethora of previous reports (self-healing temperature usually less than 130 °C, salt concentration <10%). Employment of the green inexpensive sodium D-gluconate instead of partial acrylamide makes the gel product a promising candidate material for oil plugging, targeting fractured reservoirs for consistent control. [Display omitted] • Self-healable hydrogels were fabricated in a simple and inexpensive method. • Hydrogels were capable of re-crosslinking at harsh conditions. • Chelation of metal ions and hydrogen bonds contributed to the re-crosslinking process. • This re-crosslinkable hydrogel is a promising candidate for oil plugging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein compartments are distinct structures assembled in living cells via self-assembly or phase separation of specific proteins. Significant efforts have been made to discover their molecular structures and formation mechanisms, as well as their fundamental roles in spatiotemporal control of cellular metabolism. Here, we review the design and construction of synthetic protein compartments for spatial organization of target metabolic pathways toward increased efficiency and specificity. In particular, we highlight the compartmentalization strategies and recent examples to speed up desirable metabolic reactions, to reduce the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates, and to switch competing metabolic pathways. We also identify the most important challenges that need to be addressed for exploitation of these designer compartments as a versatile toolkit in metabolic reprogramming. • Compartment formation driven by protein self-assembly or phase transition. • Pathway enzymes can be directed into compartments for metabolic engineering. • Membraneless compartments enable dynamic control of metabolic pathways. • Synthetic protein compartments enable spatial control of cellular metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignocellulosic nanofibril (LCNF) is indispensable in numerous potential applications because of its unsurpassed quintessential characteristics. While it still remains a challenge to assemble LCNF in a facile and environmental economy-first manner. In this work, a simple and green one-step synthetic approach was reported to prepare a series of LCNF-containing versatile hydrogels using deep eutectic solvent (DES). In particular, the LCNF5% hydrogel (namely LCNF5%-gel) in this work perfectly integrated superior stretchability (∼643 %), and displayed a dramatically improved anti-swelling ability (25 %) compared to the control sample (neat DES hydrogel, 2252 %). Simultaneously, the LCNF5% hydrogel presented underwater adhesiveness and outstanding long-term low-temperature resistance (stable at −25 °C for a month). This novel multifunctional hydrogel, prepared by a facile and eco-friendly strategy, is potentially useful in wet adhesion or underwater applications. • Lignocellulose nanofibril was used to prepare multifunctional hydrogels. • This hydrogel was prepared with a one-step approach using deep eutectic solvent. • The hydrogel presented good anti-swelling and long-term low-temperature resistance. • The product can be potentially useful in wet adhesion or underwater applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The REBa 2 Cu 3 O x (REBCO) tape, known for its exceptional mechanical properties, stands as an optimal conductor for high-field applications. Nevertheless, stress degradation attributed to the membrane and monofilament structure of REBCO tape often occurs in high-field REBCO coils. On the other hand, iron-based superconductor (IBS) tapes offer notable advantages, including multifilament structure and upper critical field above 150 T, rendering it an appealing choice for high magnetic field applications. In this context, we first propose a methodology for designing a new type of compact hybrid magnet that integrates REBCO coils with multifilament IBS coils and a water-cooled resistive magnet to generate a high magnetic field. This paper presents the preliminary design of a hybrid magnet and employs a numerical simulation model to assess the magnet's electromagnetic and mechanical configuration, the simulation results show that the stress and strain experienced by all coils is within safe limits. Furthermore, details of the fabrication and testing of the IBS-REBCO joint are also provided. We hoped that the resistance of the IBS-REBCO joint would be less than 50 nΩ, however the resistance of the joint we developed did not meet our expectations. We discuss the reasons and propose the next plan to improve the performance of the IBS-REBCO joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to study the effect of Bupleuri radix and its extract on the growth, physiology and biochemistry, liver antioxidant, and antibacterial ability of juvenile koi carp. A total of 360 juvenile koi carp with an initial body weight of (21.0±0.5) g were randomly divided into three groups with three replicates in each group and 40 juvenile koi carp in each replicate. The juvenile koi carp in the group K, group C, and group T were fed a basal diet, a basal diet + 5‰ Bupleuri radix meal, a basal diet + 5‰ Bupleuri radix extract. The experiment lasted for 14 days. The results showed that in the serum of juvenile koi carp, the activity of lysozyme (LZM) in the group C and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the group C and group T at 14 days were significantly higher than those at 0 day, and significantly higher than those in the group K (P<0.05). In the liver (SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the group C at 14 days were significantly higher than those at 0 day (P<0.05), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the group C was lower than that at 0 day and 7 days. In the challenge test, the mortality rate of juvenile koi carp in the group K within 24 hours was 41.7%. The mortality rate in the group C was 18.3% and the protection rate was 56%. The mortality rate in the group T was 21.7% and the protection rate was 48%. In the serum, the interleukin-13 (IL-13) content in the group C at 48 hours was significantly higher than that at 24 hours and 96 hours (P<0.05), and the immunoglobulin M (IgM) content in the group C and group T at 48 hours was significantly higher than that at 24 hours (P<0.05). In the liver, the content of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, and IgM in the group C at 48 hours were significantly higher than those at 24 hours, and the content of IL-13 in the group C was significantly higher than that of the group K (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that adding Bupleuri radix and its extract to the diet for 14 days can effectively improve the physiological and biochemical indexes and anti-Aeromonas vickeri ability of juvenile koi carp, but the action time and effect of the two are different, and the effect of Bupleuri radix is more prominent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emissions in the long wavelength region with simultaneous high efficiency and thermal stability are desirable for NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs) light sources. Herein, a novel broadband NIR‐emitting phosphor is reported, Ba5La3MgAl3O15:Cr3+ (BLMAO:Cr3+), which exhibits a NIR emission band spanning 700–1300 nm with maximum peak wavelength (λmax) at 925 nm and full width at half maximum of 160 nm. The optimized phosphor achieves an internal quantum efficiency of 66%, and the integrated emission intensity at 423 K remains 61% of that at room temperature, which surpasses most Cr3+‐activated phosphors emitting in the long‐wavelength NIR region (λmax > 900 nm). The NIR luminescence properties are elucidated on the basis of density functional calculations of the multiple Cr3+ local structures as generated by the Ba/La occupation disorder in the host material. The applications of the NIR phosphor in pc‐LED devices are demonstrated, showing potential in night‐vision and nondestructive examination. The results indicate that BLMAO:Cr3+ is a promising phosphor with highly efficient and thermally stable broadband NIR emission for NIR LED light sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is a major global health issue. The early detection and grading of COPD are pivotal for effective treatment. Traditional spirometry tests, requiring considerable physical effort and strict adherence to quality standards, pose challenges in COPD diagnosis. Volumetric capnography (VCap), which can be performed during natural breathing without requiring additional compliance, presents a promising alternative tool. In this study, the dataset comprised 279 subjects with normal pulmonary function and 148 patients diagnosed with COPD. We introduced a novel quantitative analysis method for VCap. Volumetric capnograms were converted into two-dimensional grayscale images through the application of Gramian Angular Field (GAF) transformation. Subsequently, a multi-scale convolutional neural network, CapnoNet, was conducted to extract features and facilitate classification. To improve CapnoNet's performance, two data augmentation techniques were implemented. The proposed model exhibited a detection accuracy for COPD of 95.83%, with precision, recall, and F1 measures of 95.21%, 95.70%, and 95.45%, respectively. In the task of grading the severity of COPD, the model attained an accuracy of 96.36%, complemented by precision, recall, and F1 scores of 88.49%, 89.99%, and 89.15%, respectively. This work provides a new perspective for the quantitative analysis of volumetric capnography and demonstrates the strong performance of the proposed CapnoNet in the diagnosis and grading of COPD. It offers direction and an effective solution for the clinical application of capnography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus subtilis is regarded as a promising microbial expression system in bioengineering due to its high stress resistance, nontoxic, low codon preference and grow fast. The strain has a relatively efficient expression system, as it has at least three protein secretion pathways and abundant molecular chaperones, which guarantee its expression ability and compatibility. Currently, many proteins are expressed in Bacillus subtilis, and their application prospects are broad. Although Bacillus subtilis has great advantages compared with other prokaryotes related to protein expression and secretion, it still faces deficiencies, such as low wild-type expression, low product activity, and easy gene loss, which limit its large-scale application. Over the years, many researchers have achieved abundant results in the modification of Bacillus subtilis expression systems, especially the optimization of promoters, expression vectors, signal peptides, transport pathways and molecular chaperones. An optimal vector with a suitable promoter strength and other regulatory elements could increase protein synthesis and secretion, increasing industrial profits. This review highlights the research status of optimization strategies related to the expression system of Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, research progress on its application as a food-grade expression system is also presented, along with some future modification and application directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate neighboring Pt atoms can enhance the metal activity of NiCoP for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it remains a great challenge to link Pt and NiCoP. Herein, we introduced curvature of bowl‐like structure to construct Pt/NiCoP interface by adding a minimal 1 ‰‐molar‐ratio Pt. The as‐prepared sample only requires an overpotential of 26.5 and 181.6 mV to accordingly achieve the current density of 10 and 500 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. The water dissociation energy barrier (Ea) has a ~43 % decrease compared with NiCoP counterpart. It also shows an ultrahigh stability with a small degradation rate of 10.6 μV h−1 at harsh conditions (500 mA cm−2 and 50 °C) after 3000 hrs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) verify the interface electron transfer lowers the valence state of Co/Ni and activates them. DFT calculations also confirm the catalytic transition step of NiCoP can change from Heyrovsky (2.71 eV) to Tafel step (0.51 eV) in the neighborhood of Pt, in accord with the result of the improved Hads at the interface disclosed by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate neighboring Pt atoms can enhance the metal activity of NiCoP for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it remains a great challenge to link Pt and NiCoP. Herein, we introduced curvature of bowl‐like structure to construct Pt/NiCoP interface by adding a minimal 1 ‰‐molar‐ratio Pt. The as‐prepared sample only requires an overpotential of 26.5 and 181.6 mV to accordingly achieve the current density of 10 and 500 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. The water dissociation energy barrier (Ea) has a ~43 % decrease compared with NiCoP counterpart. It also shows an ultrahigh stability with a small degradation rate of 10.6 μV h−1 at harsh conditions (500 mA cm−2 and 50 °C) after 3000 hrs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) verify the interface electron transfer lowers the valence state of Co/Ni and activates them. DFT calculations also confirm the catalytic transition step of NiCoP can change from Heyrovsky (2.71 eV) to Tafel step (0.51 eV) in the neighborhood of Pt, in accord with the result of the improved Hads at the interface disclosed by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia‐associated disorders cause damage to the brains of patients and bring huge burdens to individuals and families. Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring is friendly to patients on account of low cost, non‐invasion, and objective. Event‐related potential (ERP) is a component of EEG that has huge potential to evaluate the cognitive function of the brain. In this study, we recorded the ERP from patients with dementia and healthy people, then proposed an ERP‐based deep learning method to realize dementia recognition via the model Dementia‐Unet (D‐Unet). To improve the performance of the model, on the base of the decoder and the primary classifier, we added new structures including a symmetric decoder and two auxiliary outputs. One of the auxiliary outputs was input reconstruction, and the other one was aimed at working like the primary classifier with the same task. The results of the experiment of four‐fold cross‐validation demonstrated the two auxiliary outputs improved the performance of the model effectively. When compared with some other machine learning methods and deep learning methods, our model obtained the best performance with an accuracy of 0.815, a precision of 0.829, a recall of 0.797, and an f1‐score of 0.812. Besides, we put up a complex training strategy with all outputs involved, but a simple testing strategy with only a primary classifier working to keep high performance but cut down the complexity burden during testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a two-dimensional nanomaterial, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes can form a stable friction protective film on the matrix surface, which can effectively improve the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of grease under variable load, variable frequency, variable temperature and constant conditions. In this work, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the grease doped with 2 wt% Ti 3 C 2 T x are 27% and 56% lower than those of the base grease under the friction conditions of 50 °C, 100 N and 20 Hz, respectively. The grease doped with 2 wt% Ti 3 C 2 T x can withstand greater stress and its structure is more stable, which is proved by rheological tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sn/SnO 2 @C anode enables adjustable proportions of Sn and SnO 2 , leading to enhanced electrochemical energy storage. [Display omitted] • Sn/SnO 2 /C composites was obtained by a gel-pyrolysis method. • The ratio of Sn and SnO 2 can be adjusted by varying the velocity of Ar/H 2 gas. • The Sn/SnO 2 /C-60 shows exhibits satisfied cycle and rate performance in LIBs. Sn-based anodes are the most viable option for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but their widespread implementation is hindered by suboptimal kinetics properties and structural failures. Herein, an effective anode material has been synthesized for LIBs, consisting of a carbon-encapsulated matrix with particles of Sn and SnO 2 (Sn/SnO 2 @C) composites. The synergistic effect between SnO 2 and Sn significantly improves both mechanical stability and kinetic properties. Additionally, the presence of a carbon matrix enhanced electronic conductivity as well as effectively mitigating volume expansion during cycling. As expected, the Sn/SnO 2 @C electrode realizes decent cycle stability and impressive rate performance. The work offers a promising approach for enhancing the performance of tin-carbon composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Magnetic biochar was prepared via one-step chelation and pyrolysis at 400 °C. • Lipase was covalently immobilized for biodiesel production by RSM design. • Immobilized lipase presented active with 95.7% biodiesel yield from high AV oils. • It was stable for keeping 90% relative activity vs. 77% for liquid lipase for 30 d. • It was cycled for 10 times with biodiesel yield of 85.7%. Magnetic biochar was synthesized via chelation of Fe3+ with carboxymethyl cellulose and pyrolysis for covalently immobilizing Eversa® Transform lipase. The magnetic biochar had 75.8 mg/g lipase loading that was 54.1 % higher than that without magnetism. The immobilized lipase achieved 91.3 mg/g lipase loading with 19.2 U/mg lipase activity after optimization. It showed good thermal and acid stability with 82.5 % and 98.2 % relative activity at 45 °C and pH 4, respectively. Its relative activity was 90.8 % after stored for 30 d at 4 °C. After magnetically separated for 10 cycles, it still kept 70.1 % activity due to the strong covalent bonding. The lipase further catalyzed one-pot esterification and transesterification of high acid value oil (38 mg KOH/g) with 95.7 % biodiesel yield and cycled for 10 times at 85.7 % yield. Kinetic study gave the activation energy of 28.7 kJ/mol. The covalently immobilized lipase could find practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feather, horn, hoof, and other keratin waste are protein-rich but limited by natural keratinase synthesis, activity, pH, and temperature stability. It is challenging to realize its large-scale application in industries. Bacillus subtilis spores are a safe, efficient, and highly resistant immobilized carrier, which can improve target proteins' resistance. In this research, KERQ7, the keratinase gene of Bacillus tequilensis strain Q7, was fused to the Bacillus subtilis genes coding for the coat proteins CotG and CotB, respectively, and displayed on the surface of B. subtilis spores. Compared with the free KERQ7, the immobilized KERQ7 showed a greater pH tolerance and heat resistance on the spore surface. The activity of CotG-KERQ7 is 1.25 times that of CotB-KERQ7, and CotG-KERQ7 is more stable. When the flexible linker peptide L3 was used to connect CotG and KERQ7, the activity was increased to 131.2 ± 3.4%, and the residual enzyme activity was still 62.5 ± 2.2% after being kept at 60 ℃ for 4 h. These findings indicate that the flexible linker and CotG were more effective for the spore surface display of keratinase to improve stress resistance and promote its wide application in feed, tanning, washing, and other industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Crystallization stress by ice expansion in biomass pores was modeled. • The stress by freeze pretreatment was calculated as 22.5–38.3 MPa at −20– −40 °C. • Specific surface area of rice straw increased by 1.2-fold after pretreatment. • Combined pretreatment achieved 97.2% cellulose recovery & 72% lignin removal. • Glucose yield via hydrolysis rose to 91.1% by 4.3 times that for original straw. Freeze pretreatment combined with alkaline-hydrothermal method of rice straw for enzymatic hydrolysis was studied. Crystallization stress in the rice stem pores caused by water freezing at −20– −40 °C was modeled to illustrate the destruction mechanism. The stress was calculated as 22.5–38.3 MPa that were higher than the tensile yield stress of untreated stems (3.0 MPa), indicating ice formation damaging pore structure. After freeze at −20 °C, rice straw was further hydrothermally treated at 190 °C with 0.4 M Na 2 CO 3 , achieving 72.0 % lignin removal and 97.2 % cellulose recovery. Glucose yield rose to 91.1 % by 4.3 times after 24 h hydrolysis at 10 FPU loading of Cellic®CTec2 cellulase. The specific surface area of rice straw was 2.6 m2/g increased by 1.2 times after freeze. Freeze combined with alkaline-hydrothermal treatment is a green and energy-efficient method for improving enzymatic hydrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PEC oxidative C-C bond cleavage of β-1/β-O-4 lignin dimers shows 99.9% selectivity. • High-valence Ni enables lignin upgrade to exculsively give aromatic carboxylic acids. • Photogenerated hole speeds up C-H proton deintercalation for PEC C α -C β bond cleavage. • The coupling H 2 evolution reaches a high production of 825.9 μmol cm−2 in PEC device. • In situ characterizations and DFT calculations elaborate the reaction mechanism. Sustainable upgrading of biomass to high-value chemicals is greatly dependent on catalytic C-C/C-O bond cleavage of high selectivity. Here, an oxidation-enhanced photoelectrochemical protocol was developed to be capable of breaking different types of C-C bonds for efficiently producing aromatic carboxylic acids (85.0–99.8% yields) from lignin. Ni local electronic state of the prepared F-Fe 2 O 3 -Co:NiO x H y with excellent durability could be modulated, and high-valence Ni(Ⅳ) reactive species played a key role in the oxidative C-C bond scission of various lignin models. In-situ characterization and control experiments indicated that photocatalytic radical and electrocatalytic interface facilitated C-H/O-H delocalization, contributing significantly to the enhanced oxidation process. In addition, quantum calculations elaborated that photo-excited holes and Ni(Ⅳ) are key reactive species for enhancive electrocatalytic cleavage of different C-C bonds in lignin to exclusively furnish aromatic carboxylic acids. This research provides a renewable funnel strategy for using solar energy to produce high-value mono-functional products from biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring efficient and reliable catalysts to achieve gasification of biomass waste is a promising research endeavour. In this study solid waste red mud (RM, an inexpensive and efficient support) loaded Ni-Cu metals (Ni-Cu/RM) was used to catalyze hydrothermal gasification of cotton stalk at 340–400 ℃ and 16–30 MPa. In the presence of Ni-Cu/RM catalyst, 21.88 mmol/g H 2 yield with 79.89% carbon balance was achieved, increased by 22.8 times under the optimized conditions (380 ℃ for 5 min) based on orthogonal experiments. Under the optimal conditions, H 2 yield with neat Ni and Ni/RM loaded on RM is 0.96 and 12.94 mmol/g, respectively due to the specific surface area soaring by 72.0 times from 0.7 to 50.5 m2/g. With Ni-Cu/RM bimetallic catalyst, H 2 yield jumped from 3.41 to 21.88 mmol/g, 6.7 times higher than that neat Ni, or reached 84% with Ni-Cu/Al 2 O 3 if Al 2 O 3 was as support. It is further found that Cu promoted the dispersion of Ni on red mud with surface area rising from 50.47 to 73.42 m2/g together with forming Ni-Cu alloy (alkalinity of Ni-Cu/RM rose to 285.65 from 172.21 μmol/g for Ni/RM) enhanced H 2 generation. When temperature grew from 340 ℃ to 400 ℃ (supercritical), H 2 yield improved by 3 times from 9.21 to 28.50 mmol/g. Red mud is an ideal candidate for replacing the commercial support Al 2 O 3. [Display omitted] • Red mud loaded Ni/Cu catalyst was used for hydrothermal gasification of cotton stalk. • H 2 yield improved 3 times from 9.21 to 28.50 mmol/g with temperature from 340 to 400 ℃. • Under optimized conditions, H 2 yield was 21.88 mmol/g and carbon balance reached 79.89%. • H 2 yield using Ni-Cu/RM was 22.8 times greater than without catalyst (0.96 mmol/g). • Cu increased alkalinity of Ni/RM catalyst (285.65 μmol/g versus 172.21 μmol/g). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean protein isolate (SPI), a promising biomass resource to substitute petroleum-based chemicals, has been widely employed to prepare biobased board adhesives due to abundant availability, environmental compatibility, and rich functionality. However, pure SPI-based adhesives exhibit poor mechanical properties and high water absorption, which limit their practical application. In this work, dopamine-functionalized hexagonal boron nitride (PDA-BN) and carboxymethylated lignin (CAL) were introduced to serve as fillers and reinforcers to cross-link with SPI. The wet and dry shear strength of resultant adhesive increased by 172% and 64.3% to 1.58 MPa and 2.07 MPa, respectively, compared to the pure SPI-based adhesive, surpassing the performance of a vast of different SPI-based adhesives. The SPI-based adhesive also demonstrated enhanced water resistance, flame retardancy, and mildew resistance. These improvements can be attributed to the dense covalent and noncovalent intermolecular interactions and improved compatibility between PDA-BN and the SPI matrix. • A novel SPI-based adhesive with enhanced properties was prepared by adding PDA-BN and CAL as fillers and reinforcers. • The wet and dry shear strength of the adhesive increased by 172% and 64.3%, respectively. • The adhesive also showed improved water resistance, flame retardancy, and mildew resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural components prone to erosion damage often exhibit irregular and complex shapes. Predicting erosion rates for such irregular geometries is a field that needs more attention, since it can be used to evaluate the performance of the component. This study aims to develop an evaluation method for predicting erosion rates of components with complex geometry. Standard erosion tests were performed on small plates to investigate the effects of different impact angles and particle velocities on the erosion rate of the target material. Based on these test results, the Newton iteration method was employed to determine the parameters of the Tabakoff and Grant erosion model. Moreover, these parameters were used in computational fluid dynamics simulation of components with complex geometries. Besides, a model was developed to convert the erosion rate density into erosion rate in numerical simulation, allowing quantitative comparison of simulation results with experimental data. The calibration of the erosion model parameters was conducted by using 1060 aluminum alloy specimens. The predicted erosion rate changes with impact angle showed consistency good agreement with the testing data. Subsequently, the erosion rate of a simplified similar structure for aircraft engine blade made of 1060 aluminum alloy was predicted and verified. • Determined optimal Tabakoff and Grant erosion model parameters for 1060Al by standard erosion tests. • Quantitative evaluation of erosion rates for components with complex geometry. • A model for conversion of erosion rate density to erosion rate was proposed. • Effectively predicted erosion rates for a simplified structure of aircraft engine blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel magnetic carbon-based catalyst was prepared from solid waste (reed straw and electric furnace dust) by coprecipitation and high temperature pyrolysis with excellent application potential. Single factor and response surface experiments were used to optimize the catalyst preparation process (mass ratio of reed straw/electric furnace dust of 5:1 at 500 °C in 4 h) and biodiesel production, respectively, with results of 99.89 wt% biodiesel yield in the first cycle (93.61 wt% after 11 cycles) obtained at 74.15 °C in 4.16 h with a 14.06:1 M ratio of methanol/oil and 7.75 wt% catalyst. The life cycle assessment of magnetic carbon-based catalysts for biodiesel production suggested that the soybean oil extraction stage had the greatest impact on the environment, mainly from the use of soybeans and electricity. Solid waste as raw material to prepare catalysts for biomass energy conversion was proven to be a good strategy for energy conservation and emission reduction. This study provides guidance sustainable biomass energy conversion with low cost, low energy consumption, and minimal negative environmental impact. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sulfur-rich polymer cathode for sodium-sulfur batteries was prepared by inverse vulcanization. • The failure mechanism of sulfur-rich polymer cathode at first charge was studied. • Nitrogen-doped carbon is combined with sulfur-rich polymer to reverse the failure. • The composite cathode exhibits unprecedented performance of similar materials. Room temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries are one of the most promising energy storage systems with high energy density due to the abundant reserves of sodium and sulfur elements on Earth. As a potential cathode material, sulfur-rich polymers are rarely reported in RT Na-S batteries compared with other metal-sulfur batteries. The unusual occurrence is a result of sulfur-rich polymer cathodes failing in Na-S batteries. To reverse the process, herein, we first illuminate the failure mechanism of sulfur-rich polymer cathodes (S-DIB as an example) in Na-S batteries, which root from the chemical reaction between the polysulfide and the sodium anode. To address this issue, we incorporate nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) into composites with S-DIB to establish ion diffusion pathways and limit polysulfide diffusion. The resulting S-DIB@NC composite demonstrates exceptional cycling performance, achieving a high capacity of 457 mA h g-1 after 1300 cycles. This research constitutes a significant step towards enhancing the viability of sulfur-rich polymers in Na-S batteries and paves the way for their widespread application. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Carboxymethylation of lignin created more reactive sites to form hydrogel. • Incorporation of PDA@BN in the hydrogel improves the heat dissipation capability. • Employment of 3-ABA imparts the hydrogel with re-crosslinkable ability. • The recrosslinked hydrogel maintains excellent temperature resistance. In this work, a series of re-crosslinkable hydrogels comprising carboxymethylated lignin, PVA and 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-ABA) was successfully synthesized. Incorporation of polydopamine (PDA) coated boron nitride (PDA@BN) endowed the hydrogel with significantly improved heat dissipation ability, mechanical strength and swelling resistance. The hydrogel containing 20 % of PDA@BN, namely Gel-20 %BN displayed an initial degradation temperature of 131 ℃ and a high thermal conductivity of 3.74 W/m·K, surpassing a plethora of different biobased hydrogels. Gel-20 %BN maintained stable morphology even under continuous heating at 200 ℃ for 15 min and exhibited low surface temperatures without undergoing melting or decomposition, thus demonstrating remarkable heat dissipation capability. The re-crosslinked hydrogel, referred to as Re.Gel-20 %BN, retained similar performance to Gel-20 %BN, maintaining excellent heat dissipation characteristics and stability at 130 ℃ over an extended period. Further investigation is warranted to explore degradation or recovery methods of this hydrogel in reservoir conditions, aiming to minimize the environmental impact of petroleum extraction and contribute to a greener and more sustainable oil production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Efficient co-valorization of waste cooking oil into biofuel and carbon nanotubes. • Natural biochar shows excellent deoxygenation performance and good stability. • Correlation between AAEM in biochar and selectivity of A&E and HCs in bio-oil. • Potential for obtained biofuel to serve as a precursor for jet fuel. • Feasibility and profitability of integrated production process demonstrated. Valorizing renewable precursors into high-quality biofuel and functional carbon nanomaterials can considerably improve the economic viability. Here, we propose a process for integrated production of high-quality biofuel and carbon nanotubes from waste cooking oil via catalytic pyrolysis coupling with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology. The natural biochar catalyst demonstrates excellent deoxygenation performance and good stability in catalytic pyrolysis process. The alkali/alkaline earth metal species (AAEMs) content in biochar catalysts has a strong correlation with the selectivity of esters and hydrocarbons in bio-oil. The biofuel obtained under optimal conditions exhibited potential as a precursor for jet fuel. The CVD process convert pyrolysis gas into carbon nanotubes with yield of 2.13%. The technical–economic analysis demonstrated the feasibility of the integrated process, projecting profitability and substantial total profit over a ten-year period. Overall, this study improves the economic viability of the waste cooking oil pyrolysis process and supports its wider commercial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of multifunctional films with high strength, biodegradability, and excellent thermal conductivity has drawn increasing interest. In this study, inspired by the unique hybrid structure of oysters, a nanophase-reinforced organic–inorganic hybrid structure was built using polydopamine modified boron nitride (BN@PDA), soy protein isolate (SPI), dialdehyde cellulose (DAC), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to develop a strong soy protein film with multifunctionalities. The resultant films displayed excellent thermal diffusion ability and exhibited high tensile strength (24.03 MPa) and thermal conductivity (TC, 2.96 W·m−1·K−1) under low BN load (<0.5%). Meanwhile, the formation of non-covalent cross-linking and organic–inorganic hybrid structure endowed the films with superior flexibility. Importantly, owing to the selection of bio-based materials for preparation, the SPI-based films exhibited good biodegradability. It is believed that this study provides a creative perspective for the development of value-added multifunctional film materials and has good application prospects in advanced bio-based thermal conductive materials. • Polydopamine modified boron nitride (BN@PDA) was successful synthetized. • The resultant film presented good thermal diffusion ability and biodegradability. • The tensile strength of the resultant film increased by 245% to 24.03 MPa. • The thermal conductivity of the film was 2.96 W·m−1·K−1 at a low BN loading (<0.5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin to 2‑methoxy-4-methylphenol. • Pd/CDs catalyst was prepared under UV light using CDs as reducing agent. • The prepared Pd/CDs catalyst exhibited excellent HDO performance in water. • Optimum 98.8 % selectivity of 2‑methoxy-4-methylphenol at complete vanillin conversion was obtained. Vanillin hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) was studied in water and methanol using palladium-decorated carbon dots (Pd/CDs). The catalyst was synthesized from photo-reduction of palladium acetate using CDs as the reducing and dispersion agent, while CDs were produced via microwave treatment of glucose and urea. Pd/CDs were characterized with XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, BET and ICP-OES. The selectivity to 2‑methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP), at vanillin conversion of 100 % after 4.0 h was 98.8 % at 140 °C under 4.0 MPa of H 2 in water with 4.58 wt.% of Pd/CDs. The stability of Pd/CDs was also investigated after four times recycle under the optimal reaction conditions. CDs supported Pd reduced with NaBH 4 and hydrazine hydrate (Pd/CDs-S and Pd/CDs-H) and other carbonaceous materials (active carbon and OH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube) supported Pd (Pd/AC and Pd/CNTs) were also investigated for comparison. The highest selectivity to MMP achieved by Pd/CDs produced via photoreduction brings a novel use of this type of catalyst in the conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals and materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas, remain the main source of global energy supply. Not only the storage capacity is limited, but also the use of the ecological environment causes great damage, a serious threat to human life safety. Microalgae biodiesel receives extensive attention due to its biodegradable and carbon-neutral green energy characteristics, which is used to reduce or replace the use of these fossil fuels. Because of the slow growth of microalgae, low lipid content and low biodiesel production, people begin to study ways to improve the growth and lipid production of microalgae and catalytic conversion of biodiesel. In this paper, the research progress of the whole process from microalgae culture to microalgae oil production to microalgae catalytic conversion of biodiesel in recent years is reviewed. The efficient growth and oil production of microalgae, the catalytic conversion methods of microalgae biodiesel and the application prospects of microalgae biodiesel are discussed and summarized. Specifically, this review critically discusses: (i) The current development status of microalgae culture and microalgae biodiesel; (ii) Cultivation methods for efficient growth and oil production of microalgae under different stress conditions; (iii) The effects of different types of catalysts and catalytic methods on the yield of biodiesel; (iv) Environmental problems and economic value of the whole process of microalgae biodiesel production; (v) Current limitations and future research directions in the field of microalgae biodiesel. Studies show that regulating light, temperature, pH, nutrients, etc. can improve the growth and oil production of microalgae, in which the addition of anions and cations can change the physiological, biochemical and metabolic mechanisms of microalgae. At present, a large number of genetic modification and metabolic regulation engineering technologies are applied to microalgae oil production. They have precise control of the targeting mechanism in cells to induce increased lipid accumulation. The two-stage culture model can simultaneously increase biomass and lipid content. The addition of homogeneous, heterogeneous, biological enzymes and nano-catalysts accelerates the conversion efficiency and improves the yield of biodiesel. The catalytic yield of several magnetic nano-catalysts studied is as high as > 98 %. The supercritical method and ionic liquid method are favored by everyone because they do not use catalysts to reduce environmental pollution. In situ transesterification replaces the traditional two-step transesterification method to reduce energy consumption and cumbersome steps. Hydrothermal liquefaction method can directly convert wet algae biomass into biofuels without drying at high temperatures and pressure and in the presence of water. However, the current high-cost economic problems in the production of microalgae biodiesel and the environmental problems caused by the addition of catalysts need to further study the efficient and low-cost microalgae culture methods and new environmentally friendly catalysts and catalytic methods to improve the yield of microalgae biodiesel, to realize the commercial production of microalgae biodiesel as soon as possible. [Display omitted] • The conditions affecting the growth and oil production of microalgae were reviewed. • The effects of anions and cations on the growth of microalgae were introduced. • The genetic metabolism regulation of microalgae oil production was introduced. • Different catalysts and catalytic methods in biodiesel production were compared. • The limitations and prospects of microalgae biodiesel were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of Transfer Learning, Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (SFUDA) emerges as a practical and novel task that enables a pre-trained model to adapt to a new unlabeled domain without access to the original training data. The advancement of SFUDA has profoundly reshaped the algorithmic design of domain adaptation methods. Given the novelty and limited exploration of SFUDA, conducting a comprehensive survey is imperative to showcase methodological advancements, identify existing gaps, and uncover potential trends in this field. This paper provides an extensive review of SFUDA, encompassing methods and applications. First, based on the learning objectives during adaptation, different SFUDA methods fall into three categories: (i) Self-Tuning , (ii) Feature Alignment , and (iii) Sample Generation , with further sub-categorization within each category. Additionally, the strengths and limitations of each category are discussed, and various application areas where SFUDA can yield significant benefits are summarized. Finally, drawing from extensive observations and insights, potential future directions for SFUDA research are analyzed, with a focus on identifying emerging trends and key areas for further exploration. • A Comprehensive Review of SFUDA : The paper offers a review of SFUDA, to fill the gaps left by previous studies. • Critical Discussions on SFUDA : Based on the review, critical discussions are highlighted to deepen the understandings. • Future Directions for SFUDA : The paper outlines research directions for SFUDA, providing guidance to future advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoubiquitination of FANCD2 is a central step in the activation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway after DNA damage. Defects in the FA pathway centered around FANCD2 not only lead to genomic instability but also induce tumorigenesis. At present, few studies have investigated FANCD2 in tumors, and no pan-cancer research on FANCD2 has been conducted. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the role of FANCD2 in cancer using public databases and other published studies. Moreover, we evaluated the role of FANCD2 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells through in vitro and in vivo experiments, and explored the role of FANCD2 in cisplatin chemoresistance. We investigated the regulatory effect of FANCD2 on the cell cycle of lung adenocarcinoma cells by flow cytometry, and verified this effect by western blotting. FANCD2 expression is elevated in most TCGA tumors and shows a strong positive correlation with poor prognosis in tumor patients. In addition, FANCD2 expression shows strong correlations with immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, the tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), which are immune-related features, suggesting that it may be a potential target of tumor immunotherapy. We further found that FANCD2 significantly promotes the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of lung adenocarcinoma cells and that its ability to promote cancer cell proliferation may be achieved by modulating the cell cycle. The findings indicate that FANCD2 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer treatment by analyzing the oncogenic role of FANCD2 in different tumors. • This study provides the first pan-cancer analysis of FANCD2 using data from public databases. • FANCD2 is upregulated and has poor prognosis in most cancers and plays a potential role in regulating tumor immunity. • We further validated FANCD2 as an important oncogenic gene and promotes tumor progression by regulating cell cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the recovery and valorization of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics into value-added products have gained significant importance. This study successfully synthesized aromatic nitriles, specifically terephthalonitrile (TPN), from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic through in situ catalytic pyrolysis with urea and γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Based on distributed activation energy model, positive interaction between waste PET and urea is responsible for improved thermal decomposition kinetics. The dosage of urea and pyrolysis temperature significantly influenced TPN production. TPN yield reached 32.5% with ca. selectivity of 85% at 550 °C and equivalent urea dosage. Density functional theory calculations validated the role of active ammonia in reducing energy barriers and thus facilitating PET depolymerization. The study highlights the feasibility of recycling waste PET into valuable aromatic nitriles through in situ catalytic pyrolysis with urea and enhances the understanding of the pyrolysis process. [Display omitted] • Feasibility of recycling waste PET into valuable aromatic nitriles highlighted. • Enhanced thermal decomposition kinetics through positive PET-urea interaction. • 32.5% of terephthalonitrile with 85% selectivity was achieved at optimal conditions. • Influence of urea dosage and pyrolysis temperature on TPN production. • Density functional theory calculations validate role of NH 3 in PET depolymerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]