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1. Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 BCE in Eurasia.

Author

Librado, Pablo, Tressières, Gaetan, Chauvey, Lorelei, Fages, Antoine, Khan, Naveed, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Calvière-Tonasso, Laure, Kusliy, Mariya, Gaunitz, Charleen, Liu, Xuexue, Wagner, Stefanie, Der Sarkissian, Clio, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Perdereau, Aude, Aury, Jean-Marc, Southon, John, Shapiro, Beth, Bouchez, Olivier, Donnadieu, Cécile, Collin, Yvette, Gregersen, Kristian, Jessen, Mads, Christensen, Kirsten, Claudi-Hansen, Lone, Pruvost, Mélanie, Pucher, Erich, Vulic, Hrvoje, Novak, Mario, Rimpf, Andrea, Turk, Peter, Reiter, Simone, Brem, Gottfried, Schwall, Christoph, Barrey, Éric, Robert, Céline, Degueurce, Christophe, Horwitz, Liora, Klassen, Lutz, Rasmussen, Uffe, Kveiborg, Jacob, Johannsen, Niels, Makowiecki, Daniel, Makarowicz, Przemysław, Szeliga, Marcin, Ilchyshyn, Vasyl, Rud, Vitalii, Romaniszyn, Jan, Mullin, Victoria, Verdugo, Marta, Bradley, Daniel, Cardoso, João, Valente, Maria, Telles Antunes, Miguel, Ameen, Carly, Thomas, Richard, Ludwig, Arne, Marzullo, Matilde, Prato, Ornella, Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna, Tecchiati, Umberto, Granado, José, Schlumbaum, Angela, Deschler-Erb, Sabine, Mráz, Monika, Boulbes, Nicolas, Gardeisen, Armelle, Mayer, Christian, Döhle, Hans-Jürgen, Vicze, Magdolna, Kosintsev, Pavel, Kyselý, René, Peške, Lubomír, OConnor, Terry, Ananyevskaya, Elina, Shevnina, Irina, Logvin, Andrey, Kovalev, Alexey, Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir, Sablin, Mikhail, Dashkovskiy, Petr, Graphodatsky, Alexander, Merts, Ilia, Merts, Viktor, Kasparov, Aleksei, Pitulko, Vladimir, Onar, Vedat, Öztan, Aliye, Arbuckle, Benjamin, McColl, Hugh, Renaud, Gabriel, Khaskhanov, Ruslan, Demidenko, Sergey, Kadieva, Anna, Atabiev, Biyaslan, Sundqvist, Marie, Lindgren, Gabriella, López-Cachero, F, Albizuri, Silvia, Trbojević Vukičević, Tajana, and Rapan Papeša, Anita

Abstract

Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility1. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious2-4. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 BCE, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 BCE, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 BCE and earlier3,5. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 BCE, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses6,7. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines.

Published
2024

2. The genomic natural history of the aurochs

Author

Rossi, Conor, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Mullin, Victoria E., Scheu, Amelie, Erven, Jolijn A. M., Verdugo, Marta Pereira, Daly, Kevin G., Ciucani, Marta Maria, Mattiangeli, Valeria, Teasdale, Matthew D., Diquelou, Deborah, Manin, Aurélie, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Collins, Matthew, Lord, Tom C., Zeibert, Viktor, Zorzin, Roberto, Vinter, Michael, Timmons, Zena, Kitchener, Andrew C., Street, Martin, Haruda, Ashleigh F., Tabbada, Kristina, Larson, Greger, Frantz, Laurent A. F., Gehlen, Birgit, Alhaique, Francesca, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Fornasiero, Mariagabriella, Pandolfi, Luca, Karastoyanova, Nadezhda, Sørensen, Lasse, Kiryushin, Kirill, Ekström, Jonas, Mostadius, Maria, Grandal-d’Anglade, Aurora, Vidal-Gorosquieta, Amalia, Benecke, Norbert, Kropp, Claus, Grushin, Sergei P., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Merts, Ilja, Merts, Viktor, Outram, Alan K., Rosengren, Erika, Kosintsev, Pavel, Sablin, Mikhail, Tishkin, Alexey A., Makarewicz, Cheryl A., Burger, Joachim, and Bradley, Daniel G.

Published
2024
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3. Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Henning Nielsen, Bjarne, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo C., Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Brinch Petersen, Erik, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Eylem Yediay, Fulya, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Vang Petersen, Peter, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Published
2024
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6. Publisher Correction: Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Henning Nielsen, Bjarne, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo C., Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Brinch Petersen, Erik, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Eylem Yediay, Fulya, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Vang Petersen, Peter, Martinez, Pilar Prieto, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Published
2024
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7. Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2,200 BCE in Eurasia

Author

Librado, Pablo, primary, Tressières, Gaetan, additional, Chauvey, Lorelei, additional, Fages, Antoine, additional, Khan, Naveed, additional, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, additional, Calvière-Tonasso, Laure, additional, Kusliy, Mariya A., additional, Gaunitz, Charleen, additional, Liu, Xuexue, additional, Wagner, Stefanie, additional, Der Sarkissian, Clio, additional, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, additional, Perdereau, Aude, additional, Aury, Jean-Marc, additional, Southon, John, additional, Shapiro, Beth, additional, Bouchez, Olivier, additional, Donnadieu, Cécile, additional, Collin, Yvette Running Horse, additional, Gregersen, Kristian M., additional, Jessen, Mads Dengsø, additional, Christensen, Kirsten, additional, Claudi-Hansen, Lone, additional, Pruvost, Mélanie, additional, Pucher, Erich, additional, Vulic, Hrvoje, additional, Novak, Mario, additional, Rimpf, Andrea, additional, Turk, Peter, additional, Reiter, Simone, additional, Brem, Gottfried, additional, Schwall, Christoph, additional, Barrey, Éric, additional, Robert, Céline, additional, Degueurce, Christophe, additional, Horwitz, Liora Kolska, additional, Klassen, Lutz, additional, Rasmussen, Uffe, additional, Kveiborg, Jacob, additional, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, additional, Makowiecki, Daniel, additional, Makarowicz, Przemysław, additional, Szeliga, Marcin, additional, Ilchyshyn, Vasyl, additional, Rud, Vitalii, additional, Romaniszyn, Jan, additional, Mullin, Victoria E., additional, Verdugo, Marta, additional, Bradley, Daniel G., additional, Cardoso, João L., additional, Valente, Maria J., additional, Antunes, Miguel Telles, additional, Ameen, Carly, additional, Thomas, Richard, additional, Ludwig, Arne, additional, Marzullo, Matilde, additional, Prato, Ornella, additional, Gianni, Giovanna Bagnasco, additional, Tecchiati, Umberto, additional, Granado, José, additional, Schlumbaum, Angela, additional, Deschler-Erb, Sabine, additional, Mráz, Monika Schernig, additional, Boulbes, Nicolas, additional, Gardeisen, Armelle, additional, Mayer, Christian, additional, Döhle, Hans-Jürgen, additional, Vicze, Magdolna, additional, Kosintsev, Pavel A., additional, Kyselý, René, additional, Peške, Lubomír, additional, O’Connor, Terry, additional, Ananyevskaya, Elina, additional, Shevnina, Irina, additional, Logvin, Andrey, additional, Kovalev, Alexey A., additional, Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir, additional, Sablin, Mikhail V., additional, Dashkovskiy, Petr K., additional, Graphodatsky, Alexander S., additional, Merts, Ilia, additional, Merts, Viktor, additional, Kasparov, Aleksei K., additional, Pitulko, Vladimir V., additional, Onar, Vedat, additional, Öztan, Aliye, additional, Arbuckle, Benjamin S., additional, McColl, Hugh, additional, Renaud, Gabriel, additional, Khaskhanov, Ruslan, additional, Demidenko, Sergey, additional, Kadieva, Anna, additional, Atabiev, Biyaslan, additional, Sundqvist, Marie, additional, Lindgren, Gabriella, additional, López-Cachero, F. Javier, additional, Albizuri, Silvia, additional, Trbojević Vukičević, Tajana, additional, Rapan Papeša, Anita, additional, Burić, Marcel, additional, Rajić Šikanjić, Petra, additional, Weinstock, Jaco, additional, Vilaró, David Asensio, additional, Codina, Ferran, additional, Dalmau, Cristina García, additional, de Llorens, Jordi Morer, additional, Pou, Josep, additional, de Prado, Gabriel, additional, Sanmartí, Joan, additional, Kallala, Nabil, additional, Torres, Joan Ramon, additional, Maraoui-Telmini, Bouthéina, additional, Belarte Franco, Maria-Carme, additional, Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia, additional, Zazzo, Antoine, additional, Lepetz, Sébastien, additional, Duchesne, Sylvie, additional, Alexeev, Anatoly, additional, Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, additional, Houle, Jean-Luc, additional, Bayarkhuu, Noost, additional, Turbat, Tsagaan, additional, Crubézy, Éric, additional, Shingiray, Irina, additional, Mashkour, Marjan, additional, Berezina, Natalia Ya., additional, Korobov, Dmitriy S., additional, Belinskiy, Andrey, additional, Kalmykov, Alexey, additional, Demoule, Jean-Paul, additional, Reinhold, Sabine, additional, Hansen, Svend, additional, Wallner, Barbara, additional, Roslyakova, Natalia, additional, Kuznetsov, Pavel F., additional, Tishkin, Alexey A., additional, Wincker, Patrick, additional, Kanne, Katherine, additional, Outram, Alan, additional, and Orlando, Ludovic, additional

Published
2024
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8. Publisher Correction: Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia (Nature, (2024), 625, 7994, (301-311), 10.1038/s41586-023-06865-0)

Author

Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson,Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delanea, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson,Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delanea, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

In the version of this article initially published, there were errors in the second affiliations for Levon Yepiskoposyan (Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan, Armenia) and Sergey Vasilyev (Center for Egyptological Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation), and in the first affiliation for Ruben Badalyan (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia); the affiliations are amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Published
2024

9. Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Author

Lundbeck Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Carlsberg Foundation, Danish National Research Foundation, University of Copenhagen, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences, Villum Fonden, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Hanne and Torkel Weis-Fogh Fund, Wellcome, Swiss National Science Foundation, European Research Council, Aarhus University Research Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Nomis Foundation, European Commission, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports of the Republic of Armenia, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Sikora, Martin [0000-0003-2818-8319], Lalueza-Fox, Carles [0000-0002-1730-5914], Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Mota, Bárbara Sousa da, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise S., Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Trolle Jensen, Theis Zetner, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana María, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martínez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Barros Damgaard, Peter de, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Lundbeck Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Carlsberg Foundation, Danish National Research Foundation, University of Copenhagen, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences, Villum Fonden, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Hanne and Torkel Weis-Fogh Fund, Wellcome, Swiss National Science Foundation, European Research Council, Aarhus University Research Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Nomis Foundation, European Commission, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports of the Republic of Armenia, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Sikora, Martin [0000-0003-2818-8319], Lalueza-Fox, Carles [0000-0002-1730-5914], Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Mota, Bárbara Sousa da, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Jørkov, Marie Louise S., Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Trolle Jensen, Theis Zetner, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana María, Hansen, Anders J., Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona J., Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martínez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri V., Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David O., En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Price, T. Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V., Usmanova, Emma R., Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila N., Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina S., Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai A., Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga V., Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Barros Damgaard, Peter de, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman V., Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren H., Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri B., Molodin, Vyacheslav I., Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson, Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt H., Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Sudmant, Peter H., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1,2,3,4,5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.

Published
2024

10. Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Author

Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson,Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delanea, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske, Allentoft, Morten, Sikora, Martin, Refoyo-Martínez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan, Fischer, Anders, Barrie, William, Ingason, Andrés, Stenderup, Jesper, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Bárbara, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Halgren, Alma, Macleod, Ruairidh, Schjellerup Jørkov, Marie Louise, Demeter, Fabrice, Sørensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Henriksen, Rasmus, Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Margaryan, Ashot, Ilardo, Melissa, Vaughn, Andrew, Mortensen, Morten Fischer, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Rasmussen, Peter, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Jensen, Theis, Scorrano, Gabriele, Schroeder, Hannes, Lysdahl, Per, Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy, Skorobogatov, Andrei, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Rosengren, Anders, Ruter, Anthony, Outram, Alan, Timoshenko, Aleksey, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Coppa, Alfredo, Zubova, Alisa, Silva, Ana Maria, Hansen, Anders, Gromov, Andrey, Logvin, Andrey, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Nielsen, Bjarne Henning, González-Rabanal, Borja, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, McKenzie, Catriona, Gaunitz, Charleen, Blasco, Concepción, Liesau, Corina, Martinez-Labarga, Cristina, Pozdnyakov, Dmitri, Cuenca-Solana, David, Lordkipanidze, David, En’shin, Dmitri, Salazar-García, Domingo, Price, Douglas, Borić, Dušan, Kostyleva, Elena, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Usmanova, Emma, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Erik Brinch, Kannegaard, Esben, Radina, Francesca, Yediay, Fulya Eylem, Duday, Henri, Gutiérrez-Zugasti, Igor, Merts, Ilya, Potekhina, Inna, Shevnina, Irina, Altinkaya, Isin, Guilaine, Jean, Hansen, Jesper, Aura Tortosa, Joan Emili, Zilhão, João, Vega, Jorge, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Tunia, Krzysztof, Zhao, Lei, Mylnikova, Liudmila, Larsson, Lars, Metz, Laure, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Sarti, Lucia, Orlando, Ludovic, Slimak, Ludovic, Klassen, Lutz, Blank, Malou, González-Morales, Manuel, Silvestrini, Mara, Vretemark, Maria, Nesterova, Marina, Rykun, Marina, Rolfo, Mario Federico, Szmyt, Marzena, Przybyła, Marcin, Calattini, Mauro, Sablin, Mikhail, Dobisíková, Miluše, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Berezina, Natalia, Card, Nick, Saveliev, Nikolai, Poshekhonova, Olga, Rickards, Olga, Lozovskaya, Olga, Gábor, Olivér, Uldum, Otto Christian, Aurino, Paola, Kosintsev, Pavel, Courtaud, Patrice, Ríos, Patricia, Mortensen, Peder, Lotz, Per, Persson, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Petersen, Peter Vang, Prieto Martínez, Pilar, Włodarczak, Piotr, Smolyaninov, Roman, Maring, Rikke, Menduiña, Roberto, Badalyan, Ruben, Iversen, Rune, Turin, Ruslan, Vasilyev, Sergey, Wåhlin, Sidsel, Borutskaya, Svetlana, Skochina, Svetlana, Sørensen, Søren Anker, Andersen, Søren, Jørgensen, Thomas, Serikov, Yuri, Molodin, Vyacheslav, Smrcka, Vaclav, Merts, Victor, Appadurai, Vivek, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Magnusson,Yvonne, Kjær, Kurt, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel, Sudmant, Peter, Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delanea, Olivier, Werge, Thomas, Racimo, Fernando, Kristiansen, Kristian, and Willerslev, Eske

Abstract

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods— from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.

Published
2024

11. Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bcein Eurasia

Author

Librado, Pablo, Tressières, Gaetan, Chauvey, Lorelei, Fages, Antoine, Khan, Naveed, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Calvière-Tonasso, Laure, Kusliy, Mariya A., Gaunitz, Charleen, Liu, Xuexue, Wagner, Stefanie, Der Sarkissian, Clio, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Perdereau, Aude, Aury, Jean-Marc, Southon, John, Shapiro, Beth, Bouchez, Olivier, Donnadieu, Cécile, Collin, Yvette Running Horse, Gregersen, Kristian M., Jessen, Mads Dengsø, Christensen, Kirsten, Claudi-Hansen, Lone, Pruvost, Mélanie, Pucher, Erich, Vulic, Hrvoje, Novak, Mario, Rimpf, Andrea, Turk, Peter, Reiter, Simone, Brem, Gottfried, Schwall, Christoph, Barrey, Éric, Robert, Céline, Degueurce, Christophe, Horwitz, Liora Kolska, Klassen, Lutz, Rasmussen, Uffe, Kveiborg, Jacob, Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær, Makowiecki, Daniel, Makarowicz, Przemysław, Szeliga, Marcin, Ilchyshyn, Vasyl, Rud, Vitalii, Romaniszyn, Jan, Mullin, Victoria E., Verdugo, Marta, Bradley, Daniel G., Cardoso, João L., Valente, Maria J., Telles Antunes, Miguel, Ameen, Carly, Thomas, Richard, Ludwig, Arne, Marzullo, Matilde, Prato, Ornella, Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna, Tecchiati, Umberto, Granado, José, Schlumbaum, Angela, Deschler-Erb, Sabine, Mráz, Monika Schernig, Boulbes, Nicolas, Gardeisen, Armelle, Mayer, Christian, Döhle, Hans-Jürgen, Vicze, Magdolna, Kosintsev, Pavel A., Kyselý, René, Peške, Lubomír, O’Connor, Terry, Ananyevskaya, Elina, Shevnina, Irina, Logvin, Andrey, Kovalev, Alexey A., Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir, Sablin, Mikhail V., Dashkovskiy, Petr K., Graphodatsky, Alexander S., Merts, Ilia, Merts, Viktor, Kasparov, Aleksei K., Pitulko, Vladimir V., Onar, Vedat, Öztan, Aliye, Arbuckle, Benjamin S., McColl, Hugh, Renaud, Gabriel, Khaskhanov, Ruslan, Demidenko, Sergey, Kadieva, Anna, Atabiev, Biyaslan, Sundqvist, Marie, Lindgren, Gabriella, López-Cachero, F. Javier, Albizuri, Silvia, Trbojević Vukičević, Tajana, Rapan Papeša, Anita, Burić, Marcel, Rajić Šikanjić, Petra, Weinstock, Jaco, Asensio Vilaró, David, Codina, Ferran, García Dalmau, Cristina, Morer de Llorens, Jordi, Pou, Josep, de Prado, Gabriel, Sanmartí, Joan, Kallala, Nabil, Torres, Joan Ramon, Maraoui-Telmini, Bouthéina, Belarte Franco, Maria-Carme, Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia, Zazzo, Antoine, Lepetz, Sébastien, Duchesne, Sylvie, Alexeev, Anatoly, Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, Houle, Jean-Luc, Bayarkhuu, Noost, Turbat, Tsagaan, Crubézy, Éric, Shingiray, Irina, Mashkour, Marjan, Berezina, Natalia Ya., Korobov, Dmitriy S., Belinskiy, Andrey, Kalmykov, Alexey, Demoule, Jean-Paul, Reinhold, Sabine, Hansen, Svend, Wallner, Barbara, Roslyakova, Natalia, Kuznetsov, Pavel F., Tishkin, Alexey A., Wincker, Patrick, Kanne, Katherine, Outram, Alan, and Orlando, Ludovic

Abstract

Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility1. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious2–4. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 bce, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 bceand earlier3,5. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 bce, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses6,7. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines.

Published
2024
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12. Reindeer Demographics at Iarte VI, Iamal Peninsula, Arctic Siberia.

Author

Nomokonova, Tatiana, Losey, Robert J., Kosintsev, Pavel A., and Plekhanov, Andrei V.

Subjects
TUNDRAS, AUTUMN, REINDEER, PENINSULAS, TOOTH eruption, SPRING, DIAGNOSTIC sex determination
Abstract

This study focuses on constructing a demographic profile for a large set of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) remains from the Iron Age Iarte VI site on the Iamal Peninsula in Siberia. Iarte VI produced one of the largest reindeer assemblages in the entire Arctic, totalling ∼22,000 specimens. Age assessment is conducted by examining teeth eruption sequences in 686 mandibular fragments. Sex identification is based on analysis of 595 os coxae through visual observation of the acetabulum ventro-medial rim or border. Our assessments demonstrate that inhabitants at Iarte VI accessed various reindeer age categories, with adults being the most often utilised group of animals. Adults were found in all excavated sections and cultural strata at the site and consisted of both males and females. Other age groups such as newborns, yearlings, and juveniles were also present but in smaller quantities. The majority of the sub-adult individuals were under six months of age, indicating the use of this location during the warmer seasons, most often in fall. This seasonal pattern of site use is similar to historic seasonal migrations by many Indigenous reindeer herding families, who move north to utilise the tundra of Iamal Peninsula during the spring, summer, and early fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Impact of global environmental changes on the range contraction of Eurasian moose since the Late Pleistocene.

Author

Niedziałkowska M, Górny M, Gornia J, Popović D, Baca M, Ratajczak-Skrzatek U, Kovalchuk O, Sykut M, Suska-Malawska M, Mackiewicz P, Hofman-Kamińska E, Kowalczyk R, Czarniauski M, Pawłowska K, Makowiecki D, Tataurova L, Bondarev A, Shpansky A, Protopopov AV, Sorokin AD, Saarma U, Kosintsev P, Schmölcke U, Wilczyński J, Lipecki G, Nadachowski A, Boeskorov GG, Baryshnikov GF, Zorzin R, Vorobiova N, Moskvitina NS, Leshchinskiy S, Malikov D, Berdnikov IM, Balasescu A, Boroneant A, Klementiev A, Fyfe R, Woodbridge J, and Stefaniak K

Abstract

Climatic oscillations are considered primary factors influencing the distribution of various life forms on Earth. Large species adapted to cold climates are particularly vulnerable to extinction due to climate changes. In our study, we investigated whether temperature increase since the Late Pleistocene and the contraction of environmental niche during the Holocene were the main factors contributing to the decreasing range of moose (Alces alces) in Europe. We also examined whether there were significant differences in environmental conditions between areas inhabited by moose in Europe and Asia, that could support the division of moose into western and eastern forms, as suggested by genetic and morphological data. We analysed environmental conditions in the locations of 655 subfossil and modern moose occurrences over the past 50,000 years in Eurasia. We found that the most limiting climatic factor for the moose distribution since the Late Pleistocene was July temperature. More than 90 % of moose records were found in areas where mean summer temperature was below 19 °C, with July temperatures showing over 3 times narrower interquartile range compared to January temperatures. We identified significant differences in environmental conditions between areas inhabited by the European and Asiatic moose. In Europe, the species occurred in regions with milder climates, higher primary productivity, and more frequently within forest biomes compared to Asiatic individuals. The moose range shifted more in the west-east than in the south-north direction during the Holocene climate warming in Europe. We conclude that although the area of suitable moose habitat has increased since 12-8 ka years BP, as demonstrated by environmental niche modeling, the retreat of A. alces in large areas of Europe was likely caused by anthropogenic landscape change (e.g., deforestation) and overhunting by humans during the late Holocene rather than by climate warming during the Pleistocene to Holocene transition., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Due to the Ukrainian laws established since the Russian invasion in February 2022, Ukrainian scientists employed in the Ukrainian institutions are not allowed to be included as co-authors in the same papers with Russian researchers. That is why the name of professor Bogdan Ridush from the Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University in Ukraine, who participated in this study, based on his request, has been excluded from the list of authors and moved to the Acknowledgements., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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14. The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans.

Author

Lazaridis I, Patterson N, Anthony D, Vyazov L, Fournier R, Ringbauer H, Olalde I, Khokhlov AA, Kitov EP, Shishlina NI, Ailincăi SC, Agapov DS, Agapov SA, Batieva E, Bauyrzhan B, Bereczki Z, Buzhilova A, Changmai P, Chizhevsky AA, Ciobanu I, Constantinescu M, Csányi M, Dani J, Dashkovskiy PK, Évinger S, Faifert A, Flegontov PN, Frînculeasa A, Frînculeasa MN, Hajdu T, Higham T, Jarosz P, Jelínek P, Khartanovich VI, Kirginekov EN, Kiss V, Kitova A, Kiyashko AV, Koledin J, Korolev A, Kosintsev P, Kulcsár G, Kuznetsov P, Magomedov R, Malikovich MA, Melis E, Moiseyev V, Molnár E, Monge J, Negrea O, Nikolaeva NA, Novak M, Ochir-Goryaeva M, Pálfi G, Popovici S, Rykun MP, Savenkova TM, Semibratov VP, Seregin NN, Šefčáková A, Serikovna MR, Shingiray I, Shirokov VN, Simalcsik A, Sirak K, Solodovnikov KN, Tárnoki J, Tishkin AA, Trifonov V, Vasilyev S, Akbari A, Brielle ES, Callan K, Candilio F, Cheronet O, Curtis E, Flegontova O, Iliev L, Kearns A, Keating D, Lawson AM, Mah M, Micco A, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, Qiu L, Noah Workman J, Zalzala F, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Palamara PF, Mallick S, Rohland N, Pinhasi R, and Reich D

Abstract

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300BCE across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000BCE reached its maximal extent from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize the ancestral and geographical origins of the Yamnaya among the diverse Eneolithic people that preceded them, we studied ancient DNA data from 428 individuals of which 299 are reported for the first time, demonstrating three previously unknown Eneolithic genetic clines. First, a "Caucasus-Lower Volga" (CLV) Cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end in Neolithic Armenia, and a steppe northern end in Berezhnovka in the Lower Volga. Bidirectional gene flow across the CLV cline created admixed intermediate populations in both the north Caucasus, such as the Maikop people, and on the steppe, such as those at the site of Remontnoye north of the Manych depression. CLV people also helped form two major riverine clines by admixing with distinct groups of European hunter-gatherers. A "Volga Cline" was formed as Lower Volga people mixed with upriver populations that had more Eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG) ancestry, creating genetically hyper-variable populations as at Khvalynsk in the Middle Volga. A "Dnipro Cline" was formed as CLV people bearing both Caucasus Neolithic and Lower Volga ancestry moved west and acquired Ukraine Neolithic hunter-gatherer (UNHG) ancestry to establish the population of the Serednii Stih culture from which the direct ancestors of the Yamnaya themselves were formed around 4000BCE. This population grew rapidly after 3750-3350BCE, precipitating the expansion of people of the Yamnaya culture who totally displaced previous groups on the Volga and further east, while admixing with more sedentary groups in the west. CLV cline people with Lower Volga ancestry contributed four fifths of the ancestry of the Yamnaya, but also, entering Anatolia from the east, contributed at least a tenth of the ancestry of Bronze Age Central Anatolians, where the Hittite language, related to the Indo-European languages spread by the Yamnaya, was spoken. We thus propose that the final unity of the speakers of the "Proto-Indo-Anatolian" ancestral language of both Anatolian and Indo-European languages can be traced to CLV cline people sometime between 4400-4000 BCE., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare no competing interests.

Published
2024
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