Search

To improve the recognition effect of the folk dance image recognition model and put forward new suggestions for teachers’ teaching strategies, this study introduces a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to optimize the folk dance training image recognition model. Moreover, a corresponding teaching strategy optimization scheme is proposed according to the experimental results. Firstly, the image preprocessing and feature extraction of DNN are optimized. Secondly, classification and target detection models are established to analyze the folk dance training images, and the C-dance dataset is used for experiments. Finally, the results are compared with those of the Naive Bayes classifier, K-nearest neighbor, decision tree classifier, support vector machine, and logistic regression models. The results of this study provide new suggestions for teaching strategies. The research results indicate that the optimized classification model shows a significant improvement in classification accuracy across various aspects such as action complexity, dance types, movement speed, dance styles, body dynamics, and rhythm. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores have increased by approximately 14.7, 11.8, 13.2, and 17.4%, respectively. In the study of factors such as different training images, changes in perspective, lighting conditions, and noise interference, the optimized model demonstrates a substantial enhancement in recognition accuracy and robustness. These findings suggest that, compared to traditional models, the optimized model performs better in identifying various dances and movements, enhancing the accuracy and stability of classification. Based on the experimental results, strategies for optimizing the real-time feedback and assessment mechanism in folk dance teaching, as well as the design of personalized learning paths, are proposed. Therefore, this study holds the potential to be applied in the field of folk dance, promoting the development and innovation of folk dance education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the micro-cross-sectional data from the Chinese Household Finance Survey in 2017 to systematically investigate the influence of house purchasing intention on household participation in the financial market by adopting probit, tobit and bootstrap methods. First, house purchasing intention had a significant positive impact on household participation in the financial market. Second, family risk preference played a significant mediating effect in the relation stated above. The results of the paper revealed that the impact of housing market prosperity on participation in the financial market was not only through the stock of real estate in the housing market but also through house purchasing intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Xinjiang unearthed brocade as a significant cultural heritage records the historical and cultural information of diverse ethnic groups, and it also influences cultural product development. However, the existing knowledge concerning these brocades is disorganized, fragmented, and incomplete, hindering a comprehensive understanding of their intricate relationships. To address these issues, this study has developed an integrated ontological model for Xinjiang's unearthed brocades (XJUBontology). By applying Conceptual Reference Model of International Committee for Documentation (CIDOC CRM) ontology and the Remanufactured Process Planning (RPP) approach, this XJUBontology comprises knowledge about both the brocades and their cultural derivatives, and knowledge in these two domains are able to be organized and refined. The implementation of XJUBontology in Protégé and validation via SPARQL queries not only centralize and manage Xinjiang unearthed brocade-related knowledge but also establish vital connections among this fragmented information. The contribution is to help in associating, managing, and sharing knowledge in the domain of Xinjiang unearthed brocades, providing a framework for establishing related data repository, and helping researchers, apparel and accessories designers, museums, and other cultural and tourism institutions to access a more systematic information to assist their works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is sensitive to supra‐optimal temperature, which makes summer bentgrass decline (SBD) a main conundrum troubling turf manager. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA‐6) is an artificial and bioactive plant growth regulator affecting tolerance to various abiotic stresses. It is commercially available for field application due to multiple advantages such as low cost, environmentally friendly compound, and sustainable effect. However, the positive effect and mechanism of DA‐6‐mediated heat tolerance in cool‐season grass species and SBD are not yet been explored. Objectives of the study were to screen the optimal dose of DA‐6 for improvement in thermotolerance and to investigate roles of DA‐6 in regulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and antioxidant homeostasis in two creeping bentgrass cultivars (heat‐tolerant 13 M and heat‐sensitive Seaside II) in controlled heat condition. Summer heat tolerance induced by the DA‐6 was further evaluated for 2 years under field conditions in a subtropical zone. Results demonstrated that the optimal dose of DA‐6 was screened as 0.1 mM based on analyses of chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, and cell membrane stability under heat stress. Foliar application of DA‐6 significantly alleviated heat‐induced leaf senescence by improving photosynthetic performance, accumulation of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) for osmotic homeostasis, and total antioxidant capacity for reactive oxygen species scavenging in the two cultivars. A 2‐year field test was further carried out to demonstrate that turf quality of the two cultivars was significantly improved after being treated by foliar DA‐6 during hot summer months in 2020 and 2021. Current findings suggested that DA‐6‐mediated thermo‐resistant mechanism was associated with photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant in cool‐season grass species. Foliar application of DA‐6 could be a cheap, effective, and environmentally friendly strategy to alleviate SBD. Core Ideas: Foliar application of Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA‐6) could be a cheap, effective, and environmentally friendly strategy to alleviate summer bentgrass decline (SBD).DA‐6‐mediated thermo‐resistant mechanism was associated with photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant.The optimal dose of DA‐6 for thermotolerance of creeping bentgrass was screened as 0.1 mM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how China’s COVID-19 prevention policy during the pandemic affected the physical and mental well-being of Chinese students overseas returning home, and how their perceptions of ‘home’ were both challenged and reinforced through their interactions with China’s virus prevention and control measures. We first review the literature on the vulnerability of transnational students during the pandemic, with a focus on transnational Chinese students. Then we explore the concept of ‘homing’ within the context of China’s cultural definition of ‘roots’ (gen, 根). Drawing from participant narratives, we identified three interwoven themes highlighting challenges faced during their journey home – reconnecting with cultural roots, negotiating with critical institutions, and struggling with in-between identities, and analysed their relationships with their health identity and the concept of home. Our findings offer practical insights for improving the well-being of these transnational migrants during times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding plastic deformation behaviour is key to optimising the mechanical properties of nano-polycrystalline layered composites. This study employs the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to comprehensively investigate the effects of various factors, such as grain sizes, strain rates, and the interlayer thicknesses of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs), on the plastic deformation behaviour of nano-polycrystalline Al/Mg layered composites. Our findings reveal that the influence of grain size on deformation behaviour is governed by the strain rate, and an increase in grain size is inversely proportional to yield stress at low strain rates, whereas it is positively proportional to tensile stress at high strain rates. Moreover, an optimal thickness of the intermediate layer contributes to enhanced composite strength, whereas an excessive thickness leads to reduced tensile strength due to the fewer grain boundaries (GBs) available for accommodating dislocations. The reinforcing impact of the intermediate IMCs layer diminishes at excessive strain rates, as the grains struggle to accommodate substantial large strains within a limited timeframe encountered at high strain rates. The insights into grain sizes, strain rates, and interlayer thicknesses obtained from this study enable the tailored development of nanocomposites with optimal mechanical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous scholars have identified the shortcomings of imprecise terminology and substantial computational inaccuracies in the current models for predicting the axial compression capacity of CFRPstrengthened reinforced concrete (RC) cylinders. To improve the prediction accuracy of the axial compressive capacity model for CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders, the present axial compressive capacity model for CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders was scrutinized and evaluated. Drawing on Mander's constraint theory and the concrete triaxial strength model, a novel axial compressive capacity model for CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders was proposed. This study collected 116 experimental data on the axial compression of CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders and analyzed the accuracy of various models using the data. The findings indicate that the model proposed in this study outperforms other models in predicting axial compression capacity and demonstrates high prediction accuracy. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted on the variation law of the model's predicted value with respect to the design parameters. The proposed model in this study identifies concrete strength, stirrup spacing, and elastic modulus of CFRP as the primary factors that influence the axial compression capacity of CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter is a response to an article titled "Prognostic and Clinical Significance of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis." The authors of the letter congratulate the original authors on their comprehensive meta-analysis but suggest some points for further discussion. They recommend registering the protocol of systematic reviews or meta-analyses in an international database, providing a table of quality assessment for eligible studies, stratifying the studies into "triple-negative breast cancer" and "non-TNBC" groups, and explaining the potential sources of heterogeneity. The authors believe that the meta-analysis provides evidence that HLA class I may serve as a prognostic indicator for breast cancer and could contribute to BC immunotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] • Effect of H 3 PO 4 modification on the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction over g-C 3 N 4 was studied. • H 3 PO 4 modification caused a 4.38 times increase in CO production activity. • The enhanced activity was ascribed to reduced Eg and negatively shifted CB potential. • The positive effect of acid modification was further observed by H 2 SO 4 and HCl modification. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 denoted as CN) is a typical organic polymeric semiconductor photocatalyst for CO 2 reduction to produce solar fuels. In this study, the effect of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) modification on the property and photocatalytic performance of CN towards CO 2 reduction was systematically studied. It was found that modification of CN with phosphoric acid (CNP photocatalyst) caused a reduced band gap width and negatively shifted conduction band (CB) potential. The photoreactivity of the optimized photocatalyst (CNP0.75) for CO production rate reaches 35.66 μmolg-1h−1, which is 4.38 times higher than that of CN sample with a CO evolution rate of only 8.14 μmolg-1h−1. The enhanced photoreativity of g-C 3 N 4 towards CO 2 reduction after phosphoric acid modification is ascribed to the combined effects of enhanced adsorption, stimulated charge separation and improved reduction ability of CB electrons. The positive effect of acid modification on the enhanced photocatalytic activity of CN was further observed by sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) modification and hydrochloric acid (HCl) modification, suggesting the versatility of the method. The present study provides a novel way in preparation of high efficient g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst for CO 2 conversion and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A conceptual model is proposed to categorize soil pore water types. • Quantitative analysis on pore water redistribution during soil dry-wet processes. • The SWCC can be predicted using the NMR cumulative pore water distribution curve. The pore water distribution (PWD) of soil provides key information about soil shear strength, hydraulic conductivity, and water-retention ability. The PWD characteristics of the soil depend on the specimen preparation conditions (i.e., the variations in initial water content or compaction degree) and drying-wetting processes, which were investigated by using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The NMR T 2 spectrum is mathematically transformed into the PWD curve to more accurately quantify the variations in pore water content stored with pores of different radii. The pore water in silty clay can be categorized into strongly bound water, intra-aggregate pore water, and inter-aggregate pore water, which are identified by the pore radius of <0.05 μm, 0.05-1.0 μm and >1.0 μm, respectively. The effects of compaction degree and initial water content on the PWD of the soil exhibit distinctions. For unsaturated compacted specimens, the PWDs remain unaffected by changes in compaction degree, while an increase in initial water content promotes the formation of clay aggregates, thereby increasing the maximum water-holding pore radius and the intra-aggregate pore water content. For saturated compacted specimens, the inter-aggregate and intra-aggregate pore water content increases with a decrease in the compaction degree, while the changes in the PWD shape from unimodal to bimodal with an increase in the initial water content. During the soil drying process, inter-aggregate pore water is rapidly drained, the intra-aggregate dominant pore water content increases first and then decreases, and the strongly bound water content remains constant. The relationship between the cumulative pore water distribution curve and the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) can be established through the Young-Laplace theory. The SWCC can be well predicted by using the envelope of the cumulative pore water distribution curves during soil drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root-associated microorganisms, which can be recruited specially by plants to cope with environmental stress under extreme conditions, are one of the major mediators of nutrient exchange between plants and the environment. To obtain more crop-beneficial microbes, rhizosphere bacteria of Désirée potatoes cultivated in poor and alkaline soil have been studied. The screening of 83 strains with incomplete identical 16S rDNA sequences showed that 47 strains produced indole acetic acid (IAA), with contents ranging from 0.2 to 42 mg/L, and seven strains were phosphorus-solubilizing, among which six strains significantly increased the growth rate of potato plants. Thirty-seven strains produced siderophore and four strains were zinc-solubilizing, among which three strains significantly alleviated the chlorosis of potato plants. In all of the isolates, the species Variovorax soli (ST98) and Cellulomonas biazotea (ST118) were first found to possess an IAA-secreting ability; the species Leifsonia aquatica (ST172) and Leifsonia naganoensis (ST177) and the genus Sutcliffiella (ST11) were first discovered to be capable of phosphorus solubilization; the species Chryseobacterium daecheongense (ST32) was the first reported to be capable of zinc solubilization; and the species V. soli (ST98), C. biazotea (ST118) and L. naganoensis (ST177) were first found to be capable of plant growth promotion. The discovery of multiple functional bacteria enriched the resources of plant growth-promoting bacteria and provided a foundation for biofertilizer production to improve soil conditions and crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The Schottky contact which is a crucial interface between semiconductors and metals is becoming increasingly significant in nano-semiconductor devices. A Schottky barrier, also known as the energy barrier, controls the depletion width and carrier transport across the metal–semiconductor interface. Controlling or adjusting Schottky barrier height (SBH) has always been a vital issue in the successful operation of any semiconductor device. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the static and dynamic adjustment methods of SBH, with a particular focus on the recent advancements in nano-semiconductor devices. These methods encompass the work function of the metals, interface gap states, surface modification, image-lowering effect, external electric field, light illumination, and piezotronic effect. We also discuss strategies to overcome the Fermi-level pinning effect caused by interface gap states, including van der Waals contact and 1D edge metal contact. Finally, this review concludes with future perspectives in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel IPC was fabricated by filling a printed Ti alloy scaffold with Al alloy. • Compression of IPC and Ti alloy scaffold were conducted on fracture behaviours. • Mechanical properties of IPC are 2.9 times stronger than those of Ti scaffold. Lightweight, energy-absorbing materials with excellent mechanical properties are highly desired in practical engineering applications. A novel Ti-Al interpenetrating phase composite (Ti/Al IPC) was successfully fabricated by filling an Al alloy (ZL102) in the pores of an additively manufactured triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure composed of Ti alloy (TC4). This IPC demonstrates a remarkable combination of attributes, including a high yield stress of 305 MPa, a Young's modulus of 64 GPa, and an ultimate tensile strength of 420 MPa. These mechanical properties are 1.5 to 2.9 times stronger than those of a single TC4 TPMS structure of the same size. The enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergistic strengthening and toughening effect resulting from the internal interpenetration of the ZL102 phase within the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the efficient production of alkaline serine protease from engineered Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was achieved using feather meal as nitrogen sources. By screening of signal peptides library, a recombinant strain HZ12/SP2 with alkaline protease activity of 399.00 U/mL was constructed, which was 357% higher than the control strain HZ12/SP0. Furthermore, the alkaline protease activity was increased by 47%, up to 586.73 U/mL by deletion of the genes pssA , clsA , and sigF. Finally, the feather meal was used as nitrogen sources, and the strain ΔFCP/SP2 produced a maximum protease activity of 688.42 U/mL, which was 580% higher than the strain HZ12/SP0. In conclusion, an efficient alkaline serine protease-expression strain was constructed, which realized the valuable reuse of feather waste as nitrogen sources. [Display omitted] • Signal peptide screening and host strain modification strategies were adopted. • An efficient B. amyloliquefaciens expressing alkaline protease was constructed. • The engineered B. amyloliquefaciens can efficiently degrade feather waste. • The alkaline protease production was significantly enhanced using feather waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis ( L ) Scop, and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment. [ Metbods] D. sanguinalis plants were sprayed with abscisic acid solution, and exposed to cold stress at 15oC for 3 d after one day and then at 5oC for 25 to 30 d in a growth chamber. The changes of plant osmotic potential under this treatment were detected. [Results] Under low temperature stress, the osmotic potential of plants in the abscisic acid treatment and the control increased, but the osmotic potential level of the abscisic acid treatment plants was lower. The SOD activity of plants in the ABA treatment and the control decreased under low temperature stress. Under low temperature stress, the activity of catalase and peroxidase in ABA-treated plants was higher than that in control plants. [ Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the impact of abscisic acid on the physiological response of D. sanguinalis to cold injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible pressure sensors are valuable in applications such as electronic skin, smart robots, artificial prosthetics, and wearable electronics. In this study, a fully packaged, flexible, self‐powered, long‐term stable sensor array based on piezoelectrets is developed for pressure monitoring. A pressure sensor with a microcavity structure and a thickness of 500 µm achieved an impressive piezoelectric coefficient of 23.8 pC N−1 and a fast response time of 93 ms. The sensor yielded an output voltage of 0.26 V when subjected to a force using 0.3 g soybeans, and it displayed a remarkable linear relationship (R2 = 0.992) between force and electricity with pressure ranging from 1.4 to 13.6 N and a sensitivity of 9 mV N−1. Real‐time monitoring of sound vibration, radial artery pulse, and finger movement is demonstrated along with the successful recording of dynamic pressure changes within the porcine knee joint. It holds potential for fields such as monitoring pressure changes in the movement of human bodies and robotics and can contribute significantly to pressure assessment during total knee replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment outcomes of nanomedicines against colorectal cancer are severely restricted by their insufficient accumulation in the tumor tissues, unsatisfactory antitumor effect, and weak immunometabolic modulation. To address these issues, flying‐saucer‐shaped nanoheterojunctions by coating copper oxide (CuxO) onto the surface of PEGylated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are constructed. When exposed to ultrasound, the resultant CuxO@ZnO nanoheterojunctions exhibit increased locomotor activities, facilitating colorectal mucus infiltration, deep tumor penetration, and tumor cell internalization. The decoration of CuxO suppresses the rapid recombination of electrons and holes in CuxO@ZnO exposed to ultrasound, promoting the production of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical, which are generated by CuxO through a Fenton‐like chemodynamic reaction and CuxO@ZnO through sonodynamic reaction. After rectal administration, the sono‐chemodynamic CuxO@ZnO plus PD‐L1 antibodies effectively inhibit the growth of orthotopic and distant tumors. It elicits immunometabolic responses by inducing immunogenic cell death, activating the interferon genes signaling pathway stimulator, and inhibiting glucose transport and the glycolytic signaling pathways. This combined modality also increases the proportion of beneficial microbes (e.g., Bifidobacterium) and decreases the abundance of harmful microorganisms (e.g., Romboutsia) in the intestine. This treatment modality (CuxO@ZnO plus ultrasound and PD‐L1 antibodies) is a promising strategy for the synergistic treatment of colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Orderly hierarchical structure with balanced mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties is the basis of the natural bone microenvironment. Inspired by nature, we developed a piezocatalytically-induced controlled mineralization strategy using piezoelectric polymer poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fibers with ordered micro-nano structures to prepare biomimetic tissue engineering scaffolds with a bone-like microenvironment (pcm-PLLA), in which PLLA-mediated piezoelectric catalysis promoted the in-situ polymerization of dopamine and subsequently regulated the controllable growth of hydroxyapatite crystals on the fiber surface. PLLA fibers, as analogs of mineralized collagen fibers, were arranged in an oriented manner, and ultimately formed a bone-like interconnected pore structure; in addition, they also provided bone-like piezoelectric properties. The uniformly sized HA nanocrystals formed by controlled mineralization provided a bone-like mechanical strength and chemical environment. The pcm-PLLA scaffold could rapidly recruit endogenous stem cells, and promote their osteogenic differentiation by activating cell membrane calcium channels and PI3K signaling pathways through ultrasound-responsive piezoelectric signals. In addition, the scaffold also provided a suitable microenvironment to promote macrophage M2 polarization and angiogenesis, thereby enhancing bone regeneration in skull defects of rats. The proposed piezocatalytically-induced controllable mineralization strategy provides a new idea for the development of tissue engineering scaffolds that can be implemented for multimodal physical stimulation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have attracted extensive attention in various applications, including aerospace, optical communication, and fire warning. However, the intrinsic coupling of high responsivity and fast response as well as imperfect interface transmission impede the further improvement of UV photodetector. Here, a high‐performance Au‐decorated PbI2/ZnO pn junction UV photodetector with a one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) interspersed structure is presented. The pyro‐phototronic effect and energy band engineering effect from the localized pn junction generated by the layered p‐type PbI2 nanosheets along the c‐axis of ZnO are coupled to modulate the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles produces transient thermal power to raise temperature fast to enhance pyroelectric current. The self‐powered Au@PbI2/ZnO photodetector displays a high responsivity of 0.21 A W−1, excellent detectivity of 7.9 × 1012 Jones, and fast response/recovery time of 25/31 ms, under the illumination of 325 nm light with the power density of 0.08 µW cm−2. This work offers an effective strategy for designing high‐performance next‐generation optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) has gained considerable attention in the field of optical fabrication because the chemical etching approach offers the advantage of avoiding mechanical damage to workpieces. This paper presents the development of an atmospheric pressure plasma machining system with a ring-ring typed APPJ, which exhibits several favorable characteristics. It has a relatively low processing temperature, no electrode corrosion, no plasma contamination, and a long discharge plume, etc. Optimization of the dimensional parameters and analysis of reactive gas flow rate are conducted through experimental investigations. Comparative experiments are carried out with the commonly used needle-ring typed APPJ, revealing significant improvements of the ring-ring typed APPJ, i.e., a fourfold increase in machining distance, a tenfold increase in machining efficiency, and a 58% enhancement in the stability of the material volumetric removal rate. Furthermore, on-line temperature monitoring of the footprint has been achieved due to the specific traits of the extended discharge plume. Fabrication experiments are conducted to demonstrate the significant correlation between the temperature and material removal rate, which shows the possibility of improving the accuracy of optical fabrication based on the ring-ring typed APPJ. • A ring-ring typed atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is proposed for optical fabrication, which has a relatively low processing temperature, no electrode corrosion, no plasma contamination, and a long discharge plume. • Optimization of the dimensional parameters and analysis of reactive gas flow rate are conducted through simulations and experimental investigations. • Comparative experiments are carried out with the commonly used needle-ring typed APPJ, revealing significant improvements of the ring-ring typed APPJ, i.e., a fourfold increase in machining distance, a tenfold increase in machining efficiency, and a 58 % enhancement in the stability of the material volumetric removal rate. • On-line temperature monitoring of the footprint has been achieved and the significant correlation between the temperature and material removal rate has been demonstrated. • Fabrication of continuous phase plate is conducted to validate the capability of the ring-ring typed APPJ in machining the sophisticated surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention of aseptic loosening, the main reason for secondary surgery of bone implants, is of great crucial clinical importance. As a promising bioactive material to promote bone regeneration, the piezoelectric materials for preventing aseptic loosening has not been reported. Here, a surface coating is presented for implants based on piezoelectric poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA). The coating ingeniously utilizes zoledronic acid (ZA), a drug used to treat osteoporosis, as a nucleating agent to enhance the piezoelectricity of PLLA. The coating can not only provide a continuous porous piezoelectric environment to stimulate osteogenic differentiation without intervention, but also effectively inhibit the osteolytic activity of osteoclasts through the slow release of ZA, achieving long‐term effectiveness with a single implantation. The rat femur cavity implantation experiment suggests that, the PLLA/ZA coating can rapidly initiate osseointegration of the implant and effectively mitigate the risk of aseptic loosening, even in the presence of metal submicroscopic particles that induce aseptic loosening. This strategy of piezo‐enhanced PLLA drug‐loaded coating may provide a new idea for the surface modification of bone implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible regulation of bandgap of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) is fundamentally critical for desirable optoelectronic functions and applications. Here, regulating chemical composition and emission wavelength of PNCs in glass by a simple heat‐treatment process are reported, which is established to rely on the thermal‐trigger phase separation and ion exchange. The first principle calculations are overall performed to reveal the mechanism of bandgap engineering and optimization of emission performance. The PNCs exhibit excellent stability against thermal, ultraviolet irradiation, and organic molecules. The bandgap of PNCs in the heat‐treated glass can also be re‐modulated by ultrafast laser irradiation. Ultrafast laser direct writing of multi‐color patterns and holographic dynamic displays are achieved, which hold great potential in the application of encryption‐decryption and emissive devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Convenient, small-sized, and self-powered sensor units are easier to integrate, making them the future development direction of photodetectors. GaN materials with wide band gap are powerful candidates for UV detection, but most GaN based self-powered UV photodetectors have poor detection ability for the weak UV light, which limits their applications. This study reports a self-powered UV photodetector based on BaTiO 3 /GaN heterojunction, which can detect ultra-weak UV light at a minimum of 0.68 nW/cm2 by coupling the ferroelectric polarization, anti-reflection effect, and pyro-phototronic effect. The polarized BaTiO 3 thin film on the surface of GaN has an enhanced residual polarization field and generated anti-reflection effect, which can regulate the heterojunction band structure, suppress the dark current and minimize surface reflection of GaN. Simultaneously enhanced pyro-phototronic effect can significantly improve the response speed and responsivity of the device. The response time and recovery time of the device are as low as 8.794 ms and 5.018 ms. The maximum responsivity and detectivity are 88.206 mA/W and 7.392 × 1013 Jones, respectively, increased by 359% and 6065% compared to the device before polarization. Thanks to excellent material stability, the device has a sensitive and uniform response to continuously incident UV light. In addition, by simulating flame generation, it has been proven that the device has brilliant performance in flame detection and can achieve remote monitoring and fire warning functions. These results can promote the potential application of self-powered UV photodetectors based on BaTiO 3 /GaN heterojunction in environmental monitoring and space communication fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids (8 − 18), one undescribed jasmonic acid derivative (35) and 28 known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia stolonifera. Undescribed compounds with their absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ECD calculation. Compound 8 was identified as a rare sesquiterpenoid featuring a rearranged 5/8 bicyclic ring system, whereas compound 17 was found to be an unprecedented monocyclic sesquiterpenoid with methyl rearrangement. Evaluation of biological activity showed that compounds 1 − 5 and 7 displayed cytotoxicity against six tumor cells. In the meantime, compounds 11 , 12 , 18 and 35 exhibited inhibitory effects against LPS-stimulated NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and reduced the transcription of IL-6 and IL-1 β in a dose-dependent manner at 25, 50 and 100 μM. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory-based network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed potential target proteins of 11 , 12 , 18 and 35. Eleven undescribed sesquiterpenoids and one undescribed jasmonic acid derivative were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia stolonifera. [Display omitted] • It's the first systematic study of the chemical composition of Artemisia stolonifera. • Twelve undescribed compounds were isolated and characterized. • Comopound 8 was a rare sesquiterpenoid with a 5/8 bicyclic skeleton. • The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated and network pharmacology was analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anomalous photovoltaic (APV) effect in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) has attracted massive interest for developing high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, exploring the ionizing radiation responsive APV effect remains blank, let alone its potential applications. Herein, the unprecedented APV behavior in a 1D lead‐free OIHP, (4‐AMP)BiI5 (ABI, 4‐AMP = 4‐(aminomethyl)pyridine) under X‐ray irradiation is reported, exhibiting a large above‐bandgap bulk photovoltage of ≈10 V. Such a strong APV effect is closely related to the intrinsic electric polarization in polar ABI, which acts as the driving force for X‐ray‐generated carriers' separation and transport, thus allowing it to be self‐powered. As a result, sensitive self‐powered X‐ray detectors based on high‐quality ABI single crystals are successfully fabricated, possessing a high sensitivity of 66.84 µC Gy−1 cm−2, a low detection limit of 482 nGy s−1, and superior operational stability. This work first demonstrates the ionizing radiation‐responsive APV effect in OIHPs, which further enables passive radiation detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used in clinical practice to treat diseases related to central nervous system (CNS) damage. However, the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a significant impediment to the effective delivery of TCM, thus substantially diminishing its efficacy. Advances in nanotechnology and its applications in TCM (also known as nano‐TCM) can deliver active ingredients or components of TCM across the BBB to the targeted brain region. This review provides an overview of the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the BBB and systematically classifies the common TCM used to treat CNS diseases and types of nanocarriers that effectively deliver TCM to the brain. Additionally, drug delivery strategies for nano‐TCMs that utilize in vivo physiological properties or in vitro devices to bypass or cross the BBB are discussed. This review further focuses on the application of nano‐TCMs in the treatment of various CNS diseases. Finally, this article anticipates a design strategy for nano‐TCMs with higher delivery efficiency and probes their application potential in treating a wider range of CNS diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarity inversion is an interesting phenomenon in non-centrosymmetric wurtzite-structured aluminum nitride (AlN), which offers an important platform to establish acoustic devices with heteropolar junctions. However, previous studies showed that switching polarity generally resulted in only reversing the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) in AlN films. Here, we discovered that appropriate Cr-doping would not only allow to reverse d33 but also improve piezoelectric response in the c-axis oriented AlN films by co-sputtering dual targets of Cr and Al. Specifically, the d33 was reversed from +2.6 pC/N for the undoped AlN to −2.6 pC/N for the 6.2 at. % Cr-doped CrxAl(1−x)N films. As the Cr-doping ratio increased to 9.3 at. %, d33 was −7.0 pC/N, which was 1.7 times higher than that of the undoped AlN films. Independent PFM phase image measurement offered further evidence of the polarity inversion by comparing the undoped and 9.3 at. % Cr-doped CrxAl(1−x)N films. This work offers a simple doping strategy that allows for simultaneous reversal of piezoelectric coefficient and enhancement of piezoresponse. As a result, it establishes a promising foundation for the design and development of acoustic wave devices featuring heteropolar junctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China, where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification, and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone, oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of "depositional fabricselithologyemicrofacies", an association between a fore mound, mound framework, and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions (TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound, exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions (TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Insulin resistance is widely thought to be a critical feature in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and there is significant evidence indicating a higher abundance of insulin receptors in the human cerebellum than cerebrum. However, the specific structural or functional changes in the cerebellum related to T2DM remain unclear, and the association between cerebellar alterations, insulin resistance, cognition, and emotion is yet to be determined. Methods: We investigated neuropsychological performance, and structural and functional changes in specific cerebellar subregions in 43 T2DM patients with high insulin resistance (T2DM-highIR), 72 T2DM patients with low insulin resistance (T2DM-lowIR), and 50 controls. Furthermore, the correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Results: Compared to the controls, T2DM exhibited lower cognitive scores and higher depressive/anxious scores. Furthermore, T2DM-highIR patients showed reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the right cerebellar lobules VIIb, Crus I/II, and T2DM showed reduced GMV in left lobules I–IV compared to controls. Additionally, functional connectivity decrease was observed between the right lobules I–V and orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus in T2DM-highIR compared to both T2DM-lowIR and controls. Notably, there were negative correlations between the GMV of the lobules VIIb, Crus I/II, and updated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and positive correlation with executive/visuospatial performance in T2DM patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that the cerebellar lobules VIIb, Crus I/II, represent vulnerable brain regions in the context of insulin resistance. Overall, this study offers new insights into the neuropathophysiological mechanisms of brain impairment in patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable electronics with multi‐functionalities are widely utilized in various domains, including everyday living, healthcare, military training, and sports. Advances in flexible electronic technology, new materials, artificial intelligence technology, and sensor technology have accelerated the rapid development of smart wearable devices toward multifunctional and highly integrated trends. The energy supply technology based on the human‐body energy harvesting method endows wearable, multifunctional electronic devices with sustainable, renewable, and self‐powered characteristics, which proposes a solution strategy for the function expansion and energy supply of wearable devices. Herein, this paper discusses recent research on various methods of harvesting human body energy and wearing parts respectively, focusing on the new materials, structures, and processes involved in the representative studies, as well as the impact on energy harvesting and output, and functional applications. Furthermore, the challenges and obstacles faced in the creation of wearable multifunctional devices based on human self‐sufficiency and propose solution strategies to propel them in order to advance the creation of the next wave of intelligent wearable technology are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable polymers (BPs)‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have advantages, including biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, biodegradable TENGs (BD‐TENGs) possess relatively low output performance, limiting their application due to the small differences in triboelectric polarities for most BPs. Molecular doping is a simple and effective method in altering the triboelectric polarity of triboelectric materials and improving the output performance of BD‐TENGs. However, there is a lack of laws and mechanism about the differences in triboelectric polarities of different doped molecules, especially of molecules with biodegradability and biocompatibility. Here, kinds of doping molecules are selected for doping in tribopositive and tribonegative materials, respectively, and their triboelectric polarities and related laws are researched. In particular, the output performance of BD‐TENG is improved several times by doping small amounts of poly (propylene glycol) (PPG) and ethyl cellulose (EC), with enhanced resolution in abnormal respiratory signal monitoring. This work not only provides theoretical guidance for the selection of triboelectric molecules but also conducts in‐depth research in molecular‐level triboelectric mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision medicine requires precise regulation of drugs in terms of time, space, and dosage. Exogenous control systems, such as electrical responsiveness, have made great progress. However, wearable or implantable controlled drug release devices still face major challenges due to limitations including limited battery life, large size, and fixed power supply. To overcome these limitations, the fabrication of autonomous devices is available to endure extended periods without reliance on external power sources. As a promising strategy, nanogenerators (NGs) turn body mechanical energy into electricity, powering long‐term drug release. In this review, the current status of drug delivery systems (DDS) is briefly outlined and the importance of self‐driven controlled drug release systems is emphasized. The main types and operational mechanisms of various nanogenerators are introduced. This review also focuses on summarizing the latest progress of self‐powered controlled drug release systems based on nanogenerators (NG‐based CDRs). Additionally, their applications in the field of drug release are introduced in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and future trends of self‐powered NG‐based CDRs are discussed from the perspectives of clinical needs and practical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, porous Ti‐15Mo scaffolds with different porosity gradient structures (uniform gradient structures [U‐BCC], level gradient structures [LG‐BCC], and vertical gradient structures [VG‐BCC]) were fabricated by selective laser melting, and the corrosion fatigue testing in Hank's solution was conducted for the first time. The fatigue strength order, when considering the same fatigue life, follows the sequence of LG‐BCC structure > U‐BCC structure > VG‐BCC structure. Cyclic ratcheting is a prominent factor leading to fatigue failure. The sequence of crack initiation and propagation in the latter stage of corrosion fatigue can be listed as follows: LG‐BCC structure < U‐BCC structure < VG‐BCC structure. During the corrosion fatigue process, the grain refinement occurs, and the deformation twinning is generated, leading to a dissipation of energy and an increase of the fatigue resistance. The corrosive effect of Hank's solution induces the surface roughening of the sample, accelerating crack initiation and propagation. Highlights: The corrosion fatigue behavior of gradient porous Ti‐15Mo alloy was investigated.The corrosion fatigue strength decreases in the order: LG‐BCC > U‐BCC > VG‐BCC.Grain refinement occurs and deformation twinning is formed during the test.The corrosive effect of Hank's solution will induce roughening of the sample surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new α-Al 2 O 3 ceramic particles reinforced TZM alloy material was prepared by powder metallurgy, exhibiting a better combination of strength and plasticity. Comprehensive tensile tests and detailed microstructure observations showed that compared with the TZM alloy. The ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation of the TZM-0.9 wt% Al 2 O 3 alloy increased by 22 % and 55 %, respectively, and all the strengthened TZM alloys exhibited typical toughness fracture characteristics. Based on theoretical analysis, strengthening is mainly caused by the mismatch of the elastic modulus between α-Al 2 O 3 ceramic particles and the molybdenum matrix, accounting for 71 % of the increase in total strength. Mismatch of the elastic modulus can increase the dislocation density of the matrix around α-Al 2 O 3 particles. In addition, α-Αl 2 O 3 particles promote the rotation of grains along the <111> direction during plastic deformation, leading to activation of the slip system and promotes the improvement of plasticity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can collect and convert random mechanical energy into electric energy, with remarkable advantages including broadly available materials, straightforward preparation, and multiple applications. Over the years, researchers have made substantial advancements in the theoretical and practical aspects of TENG. Nevertheless, the pivotal challenge in realizing full applications of TENG lies in ensuring that the generated output meets the specific application requirements. Consequently, substantial research is dedicated to exploring methods and mechanisms for enhancing the output performance of TENG devices. This review aims to comprehensively examine the influencing factors and corresponding improvement strategies of the output performance based on the contact electrification mechanism and operational principles that underlie TENG technology. This review primarily delves into five key areas of improvement: materials selection, surface modification, component adjustments, structural optimization, and electrode enhancements. These aspects are crucial in tailoring TENG devices to meet the desired performance metrics for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Busulfan is an antineoplastic, which is always accompanied with the abnormal of spermatogonia self‐renewal and differentiation. It has been demonstrated that the omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) benefits mature spermatozoa. However, whether omega‐3 can protect endogenous spermatogonia and the detailed mechanisms are still unclear. Evaluate of spermatogenesis function (in vivo) were examined by histopathological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. The levels of lipid metabolites in testicular tissue were determined via liquid chromatography. We investigated the effect of lipid metabolites on Sertoli cells provided paracrine factors to regulate spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation using co‐culture system. In our study, we showed that omega‐3 PUFAs significantly improved the process of sperm production and elevated the quantity of both undifferentiated Lin28+ spermatogonia and differentiated c‐kit+ spermatogonia in a mouse model where spermatogenic function was disrupted by busulfan. Mass spectrometry revealed an increase in the levels of several omega‐3 metabolites in the testes of mice fed with omega‐3 PUFAs. The eicosapentaenoic acid metabolite 12‐hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12‐HEPE) up‐regulated bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) expression through GPR120‐ERK1/2 pathway activation in Sertoli cells and restored spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation. Our study provides evidence that omega‐3 PUFAs metabolite 12‐HEPE effectively protects spermatogonia and reveals that GPR120 might be a tractable pharmacological target for fertility in men received chemotherapy or severe spermatogenesis dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new α-Al 2 O 3 ceramic particles reinforced TZM alloy material was prepared by powder metallurgy, exhibiting a better combination of strength and plasticity. Comprehensive tensile tests and detailed microstructure observations showed that compared with the TZM alloy. The ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation of the TZM-0.9 wt% Al 2 O 3 alloy increased by 22 % and 55 %, respectively, and all the strengthened TZM alloys exhibited typical toughness fracture characteristics. Based on theoretical analysis, strengthening is mainly caused by the mismatch of the elastic modulus between α-Al 2 O 3 ceramic particles and the molybdenum matrix, accounting for 71 % of the increase in total strength. Mismatch of the elastic modulus can increase the dislocation density of the matrix around α-Al 2 O 3 particles. In addition, α-Αl 2 O 3 particles promote the rotation of grains along the <111> direction during plastic deformation, leading to activation of the slip system and promotes the improvement of plasticity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational transformation of rigid CAU-10-H to flexible-rigid CAU-10-N 3 by the decoration of amino, hydrazino, and azido groups sets a benchmark for acetylene storage and purification. [Display omitted] • Rigidity-flexibility of MOFs controlled by functional groups. • Pore sizes of MOFs regulated in the scale of 0.1–0.5 Å. • Temperature-dependent flexible stepwise adsorption behaviors. • Benchmark acetylene (C 2 H 2) storage density. Rational regulation of functional groups on the pore surface of robust aluminum metal–organic framework (CAU-10-H) from amino (–NH 2), hydrazino (–N 2 H 3), to azido (–N 3) continuously control their framework rigidity-flexibility together with ultra-fine pore-size change in the scale of 0.1–0.5 Å. Benefited from the rigid architecture and suitable pore environments, CAU-10-NH 2 exhibits a supreme acetylene (C 2 H 2) storage density (473 g/L) exceeding the values of liquid C 2 H 2 (393 g/L) and all reported MOF adsorbents under ambient conditions. Different from CAU-10-H/NH 2 /N 2 H 3 , CAU-10-N 3 exhibited temperature-dependent flexible stepwise adsorption behaviors for C 2 H 2 with azido groups as the guest-sensitive gate, having highest storage capacity (106 cm3 cm−3) and second-high storage density (405 g/L) among these materials. Notably, compared with other C2-hydrocarbon and CO 2 molecules, only C 2 H 2 can open the azido door at 298 K, and thus effectively enhancing their separation selectivity with top-level uptake ratios for C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 (2.65) and C 2 H 2 /CO 2 (2.93), which are further supported by the practical fixed-bed breakthrough curves and theoretical simulations. Such a rational combination of rigidity and flexibility breaks new ground in MOF chemistry and sets a benchmark for acetylene storage and purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Surface properties of electrodeposited Ni-PTFE nanocomposites were clearly studied. • Pulse current electrodeposited Ni-PTFE mold showed superior overall performance. • High quality polymer micro-mixer chips were injection molded based on Ni-PTFE mold. Polymeric micro features tend to deform and break under the demolding force during injection molding process, which becomes a bottleneck problem limiting its precision manufacturing. To reduce the polymer-mold interfacial adhesion, nickel-polytetrafluoroethylene (Ni-PTFE) nanocomposite molds with low surface adhesion and high wear resistance were manufactured via pulse current electroforming. The electrodeposited Ni-PTFE nanocomposite showed a good hydrophobic property and low friction coefficient (between 0.1 and 0.3) than pure nickel (0.78). Compared with direct current, pulse current electrodeposition was beneficial to reduce the crystallite size and internal stress, thus improving the wear resistance and reducing the cracking defects. The hardness of pulse current electrodeposited Ni-PTFE reached 442.3 HV, which was 51.7 % higher than that of pure nickel. Compared to nickel mold, Ni-PTFE nanocomposite mold significantly improved the dimensional accuracy of molded microfluidic chips. This study systematically investigates the Ni-PTFE nanocomposite electroforming process under both direct and pulse currents, which provides a new approach for the manufacturing of high-performance precision injection mold insert. Ni-PTFE precision injection mold manufactured via pulse current electrodeposition significantly reduced the demolding defects and improved the dimensional accuracy of polymer microfluidic mixer chips [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is an important step in improving the comprehensive properties of Cu-3.5Ti alloy. However, both prolonged holding times and high heat treatment temperatures lead to significant oxidation and substantial energy consumption. The effects of heat treatment (HT) and electropulsing treatment (EPT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the solid solution Cu-3.5Ti alloy were comparatively examined in this study. The findings demonstrated that EPT quickly completed the processes of spinodal decomposition and short-range ordered to long-range ordered phase transformation, thereby fully precipitating fine and diffusive β′-Cu 4 Ti phase, which greatly enhanced the precipitation strengthening effects. In addition to enhancing the strength of the alloy, EPT significantly reduced the peak aging time (to just 1/12 of that of HT) and greatly increased the plasticity (elongation to failure rose by 47 % compared to HT). The main reason for the rapid completion of the spinodal decomposition and the full precipitation process by the EPT was the additional free energy provided by the electropulsing, which significantly accelerated the Ti atomic diffusion and lowered the nucleation barrier of the β′-Cu 4 Ti phase. EPT is a toughening heat treatment process for metallic materials, which offers the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, and low cost. • Compared with HT, the Cu-3.5Ti alloy after EPT exhibits superior mechanical and electrical properties. • EPT provides additional free energy for accelerating spinodal decomposition. • EPT reduced the thermodynamic energy barrier of nucleation, forming more and finer dispersive β′-Cu 4 Ti phase. • EPT is a new toughening heat treatment process for metallic materials, with high efficiency and low energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu–Sn matrix composites were prepared by vacuum hot press sintering technique with the addition of MoS 2 , graphite and a mixture of MoS 2 /graphite, respectively. The friction wear behaviors and contact resistance of the three composites under different currents were investigated and compared. The friction film formed on the friction surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The wear mechanism and the evolution of friction film composition of the composites under different currents were revealed. The results showed that MoS 2 and graphite had synergistic lubrication effects. The Cu–Sn-Graphite-MoS 2 composite exhibited low wear rates and the lowest and most stable contact resistance. MoS 2 could effectively promote the formation and integrity of the friction film and optimize the friction wear performance. With the increase of current, the graphite content in the friction film rose, which helped to reduce the oxidation and consumption of the friction film. The increase in current accelerated the shedding of lubricating particles and the softening of lubricating film, making the lubricating film denser and reducing the oxidation depth. • The film formed on the friction surface was analyzed by XPS. • The MoS 2 and graphite modified the current-carrying friction property of Cu–Sn alloy significantly. • The electrical friction wear mechanism of Cu-Sn-(MoS 2 /graphite) composites were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of materials are intricately dependent on their chemical composition, and microstructures. Achieving a precise modulation in the composition and microstructure of materials to enhance properties significantly is a huge challenge. In this work, we uncovered the effects of nickel and silicon composition on the precipitates, dislocations, and properties of Cu–Ni–Si alloys. The results show that the volume fraction of precipitates increased from 0.84 % to 4.80 % with the increase of Ni and Si contents. The average diameter of the precipitates increased from 6.20 nm to 20.21 nm, and the dislocation density increased from 2.16 × 1013 m−2 to 4.08 × 1015 m−2 concerning the Ni and Si contents. In addition, the dislocation type changes from half-edge dislocation and half-screw dislocation to screw dislocation. The modified WHWA (Williamson Hall-Warren Averbach) method was proved to be the most accurate way of calculating dislocation density. As anisotropy was present in the alloy, adding a dislocation contrast factor and removing some lower-intensity diffraction peaks could further correct the obtained results and reduce the calculation error. Furthermore, the above analysis and findings were employed to design a Cu-3.21Ni-0.66Si alloy with a high yield strength (814 MPa), high ultimate tensile strength (970 MPa), and comparable electrical conductivity of 42.4 % IACS. This work offers a meaningful way to develop precipitation-strengthening alloys. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different solution-processed concentrations of graphene solid lubricant (0 – 30 mg/mL) were applied on the surface of copper/stainless steel 304 L composite foils. A variable trend of rolling force occurs, with a first falling and then rising trend and the lowest rolling force was obtained at 25 mg/mL for 3.82 kN. Besides, the height of ridges and aspect ratio were improved with an increased solution-processed concentration. On the valley surfaces, the GNPs filled up the cracks, flattened the grooves and eliminated the micro scratches. This indicates the self-repairing and self-polishing mechanisms of GNPs in the micro rolling process. The sliding and exfoliation of GNPs also contributed to the reduced roughness and improved quality of the sample surfaces. • Cu/SS304L composite micro channels were fabricated by micro rolling process. • GNPs solid lubricants were used to improve the forming accuracy and quality. • The lowest rolling force of 3.82 kN can be obtained in the G5 sample. • Aspect ratios increase from 0.534 for the G0 sample to 0.593 for the G6 sample. • GNPs fill up cracks, flatten grooves and eliminate scratches during micro rolling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel NiFe 2 O 4 @NiCo 2 O 4 Mott-Schottky heterostructure was constituted with one-pot hydrothermal route. The designed Mott-Schottky heterojunction created strong interfacial interaction and resulted high charges transfer abilities by reducing the energy barriers for redox reactions to realize effective pseudocapacitive energy storage. [Display omitted] • NiFe 2 O 4 @NiCo 2 O 4 Hybrid composite was synthesized via one-pot hydrothermal. • Hollow algae-like microspheres with plenty nanowires were successfully designed. • The Mott-Schottky junction generated powerful interfacial interaction with high charges transfer abilities. • NiFe 2 O 4 @NiCo 2 O 4 based supercapacitor displayed advanced electrochemical performances. Designing hybrid structure of transition metal oxides (TMOs) with controlled morphology can adjust the electronic structure and create more kinetics reactions. Herein, a new kind of NiFe 2 O 4 @NiCo 2 O 4 nanocomposite was synthesized with one pot hydrothermal route. The unique hollow algae-like microspheres with plenty nanowires and the synergistic effect factors promote high electroactive sites and generate a built-in electric field. The constituted Mott-Schottky heterostructure creates strong interfacial interaction, paves the way for the electrolyte ions diffusion and results high charges transfer abilities by reducing the energy barriers in the heterointerfaces. As cathode material, the NiFe 2 O 4 @NiCo 2 O 4 presents satisfactory specific capacity of 996C·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1 and maintains ultrahigh capacity retention of 81 % at 30 A·g−1 with marvellous stability of only 6 % loss during 20,000 cycles. Interestingly, asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor device based NiFe 2 O 4 @NiCo 2 O 4 //active carbon (AC) provides tremendous energy density of 117.6 Wh·kg−1 at 438 W·kg−1 power density. What's more, all-solid-state device offers ultra-low self-discharge process of 9.5 % through 24 h. Therefore, the combination of NiFe 2 O 4 @NiCo 2 O 4 to form Mott-Schottky heterojunction was a promising strategy to develop electrode material with high energy storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The dual-scale CrMnFeCoNi/polymer interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) was developed. • The IPC-2 exhibits a compressive strength of 37.2 MPa and an energy absorption capacity of 22.5 MJ·m−3 (ε = 65 %), with a mere density of 2.528 g·cm−3. • The IPC-2 exhibits a loss factor exceeding 0.132 with a peak value of 0.206 within 20 ∼ 150℃. • The coupling of multi-scale intrinsic damping and interface damping endows the composite with high ground-state damping. • The phase transformation peak of CrMnFeCoNi foam and the glass transition peak of polymer enables a wide damping temperature window. Lightweight materials with high strength and excellent damping capacity are of great significance for reducing weight and vibration and maintaining stability in industrial applications. However, these characteristics are usually difficult to achieve simultaneously in traditional damping materials. Here, we provide a design strategy for dual-scale interpenetrating networks. By infiltrating the viscoelastic polymer containing CrMnFeCoNi nanoalloy/carbon nanotube networks into CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy shape memory alloy foam with a three-dimensional network structure, the dual-scale CrMnFeCoNi/polymer interpenetrating phase composite was developed. When the carbon nanotube loading is 2 wt%, the composite exhibits a compressive strength of 37.2 MPa and an energy absorption capacity of 22.5 MJ·m−3 (ε = 65 %), with a mere density of 2.528 g·cm−3. In the temperature range of 20 ∼ 150℃, its loss factor exceeds 0.132 with a peak value of 0.206. Compared with CrMnFeCoNi foam, its compressive strength, energy absorption capacity and peak internal friction are increased by 85 %, 65 % and 156 %, respectively. The construction of dual-scale interpenetrating networks introduces high-density interfaces, and the coupling of multi-scale intrinsic damping and interface damping endows the composite with high ground-state damping. The superposition of the phase transformation peak of CrMnFeCoNi foam and the glass transition peak of polymer composite matrix enables a wide damping temperature window. This study offers a new perspective for developing high-performance damping materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, dye water pollution is becoming increasingly severe. Composite of MXene, ZnS, and chitosan-cellulose material (MX/ZnS/CC) was developed to remove anionic dyes through the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. MXene was introduced as the cocatalyst to form Schottky heterostructure with ZnS for improving the separation efficiency of photocarriers and photocatalytic performance. Chitosan-cellulose material mainly served as the dye adsorbent, while also could improve material stability and assist in generation of free radicals for dye degradation. The physics and chemistry properties of MX/ZnS/CC composite were systematically inspected through various characterizations. MX/ZnS/CC composite exhibited good adsorption ability to anionic dyes with adsorption capacity up to 1.29 g/g, and excellent synergistic effects of adsorption and photodegradation with synergistic removal capacity up to 5.63 g/g. MX/ZnS/CC composite performed higher synergistic removal ability and better optical and electrical properties than pure MXene, ZnS, chitosan-cellulose material, and MXene/ZnS. After compounding, the synergistic removal percentage of dyes increased by a maximum of 309 %. MX/ZnS/CC composite mainly adsorbs anionic dyes through electrostatic interactions and catalyzes the generation of •O 2 −, h+, and •OH to degrade dyes, which has been successfully used to remove anionic dyes from environmental water, achieving a 100 % removal of 50 mg/L dye. [Display omitted] • MXene/ZnS/chitosan-cellulose composite (MX/ZnS/CC) was first developed. • MX/ZnS/CC can effectively remove anionic dyes by synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. • MXene and ZnS can form Schottky heterostructure for improvement of photocatalytic property. • The chitosan-cellulose material can enhance adsorption property and strengthen the generation of free radicals. • MX/ZnS/CC mainly catalyzes the generation of •O 2 –, h+, and •OH to degrade dyes under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bermudagrass (Cynodon) species has been identified as a dominant plant species in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils. Objectives of current study were to evaluate Cd tolerance of two hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis × Cynodon dactylon) cultivars Tifdwarf and Chuannong-3 for urban greening and slope ecological restoration and further to explore the difference in Cd tolerance associated with changes in ion absorption and distribution, antioxidant metabolism, and accumulations of phytochelatins (PCs) and metallothioneins (MTs) in roots, stems, and leaves. After exposure to equal concentration and duration of Cd stress, growth, chlorophyll content, and photochemical efficiency of both cultivars reduced significantly, but Cd-induced these inhibitory effects were more pronounced in Chuannong-3. As compared to Chuannong-3, Tifdwarf maintained significantly higher Cd concentration in roots and lower Cd concentration, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor in aboveground parts in response to Cd stress. Each plant of Tifdwarf also accumulated more Cd in leaves, stems, and roots than each plant of Chuannong-3 due to larger biomass under Cd stress. Cd stress also significantly inhibited uptake and partitioning of iron, sodium, and potassium in two cultivars. In addition, Tifdwarf exhibited better antioxidant defense for reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging than Chuannong-3 under Cd stress, as reflected by higher antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant metabolites involved in ascorbic acid (ASA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle. Tifdwarf also accumulated more PCs in leaves, stems, and roots and more MTs in leaves and stems than Chuannong-3, which could help to chelate Cd to reduce cytotoxicity of Cd. Moreover, strong antioxidant property of MTs was beneficial for maintaining ROS homeostasis in plants. Therefore, better Cd tolerance of Tifdwarf could be mainly due to the inhibition of Cd uptake and partitioning, enhanced ASA-GSH cycle, and more accumulations of PCs and MTs. Tifdwarf showed better potential for Cd remediation or urban greening in Cd-polluted soils. • Tifdwarf accumulated more Cd in leaves, stems, and roots due to larger biomass. • Cd tolerance of Tifdwarf was related to inhibition of Cd uptake and partitioning. • Tifdwarf enhanced ASA-GSH cycle for reactive oxygen species scavenging. • Improved sulfur metabolism for GSH, PCs, and MTs to reduce cytotoxicity of Cd. • Tifdwarf showed better potential for phytoremediation in Cd-polluted soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-core through steel wire reinforced brass composite rod was fabricated using a solid-liquid continuous casting and composite technique. Microstructure evolution, interface, mechanical properties, and deformation behavior of the composite rod during the room temperature tensile process were studied. The results showed that the steel wires in the composite rod were distributed in a regular hexagonal shape, forming a brass/steel interface with good metallurgical bonding. After annealing at 700 °C for 1h, the tensile strength of the composite rod was 376 MPa, and the elongation to failure was 46.3 %, whose tensile strength was 21 % higher than that of the brass cladding single steel wire composite rod with the same steel percentage. During uniform tensile deformation, each steel wire in the composite rod experienced a consistent and uniform tensile stress. When the tensile deformation became unstable, the central steel wire experienced the highest level of tensile stress, initially leading to the occurrence of necking and fracture. As the tensile strain increased, the brass grains underwent twisting and rotation. In addition, the steel grains were elongated along the tension direction, and the number of low-angle boundaries increased. The straight brass/steel interface was transformed into a wavy pattern with a good bonding interface, indicating that the composite rod exhibited excellent synergetic deformation capability. The mixing laws based on hybrid effects have good applicability to multi-core through steel wire reinforced brass composite rod, with a strength error of less than 7 %. • A multi-core through steel wire reinforced brass composite rod was fabricated by using a solid-liquid continuous casting and composite technique • After annealing at 700 °C for 1h, the tensile strength of the composite rod was 376 MPa, it was 21 % higher than that of the brass cladding single steel wire composite rod with the same steel percentage. • The mixing laws based on hybrid effects have good applicability to multi-core through steel wire reinforced brass composite rod [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meta-analysis was conducted on the main crops in the Loess Plateau regions to assess the changes in crop yield, water use efficiency, soil organic carbon, economic benefits, energy use and their response to no-till and straw mulching. The results indicated that no-till straw mulching (NTS) increased wheat and pea yield by 14.3% and 29.5% compared with tillage (T), respectively. Water use efficiency has been enhanced by 12% for maize under tillage straw mulching (TS) treatment, but decreased by 7.8% were for soybean under no tillage. The straw mulching treatment, regardless of tillage practices, significantly increased the surface soil (0–10 cm) organic carbon content, while similar effects were not found under no-till treatment alone. The analysis of carbon sequestration showed that the annual average benefits of carbon credit of farmland under NTS treatment was 2385.12 CNY ha−1. The four crop energy inputs were 21.01 GJ ha−1 under T treatment, which was higher than NT and NTS treatments. Carbon balance analysis showed that T, TS, NT and NTS treatments had higher carbon emissions in wheat fields than other crops, with the highest value of 1196.2 kg ha−1 under T treatment. For economic benefits, the average maize revenue under the NT treatment of the four crops reached 18,672.5 CNY ha−1, which is –860 CNY ha−1 less than the average of the T treatment. The implementation of conservation tillage in the Loess Plateau region can significantly increase crop yield, improve water use efficiency, enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity, and increase economic and agroecological benefits on a system level. • Straw mulch is more effective in improving crop yield than no-tillage. • Conservation tillage facilitates soil organic carbon accumulation. • No-tillage helps reduce carbon emissions. • Carbon emissions from tillage and straw mulching are mainly from labor/machinery. • NTS can provide maximum economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel Cu-0.60Cr-0.20Nb-0.05Si-0.02Ca-0.02Ce (CCNSCC, wt.%) alloy is designed. By comparing the differences in the properties and microstructure with the Cu-0.60Cr-0.20Nb (CCN, wt.%) alloy under the same process, the effects of trace Si, Ca, and Ce elements on the CCNSCC alloy are disclosed. After undergoing cold rolling by 80% and aging at 450 °C for 60 min, the CCNSCC alloy exhibits a tensile strength of 524 MPa and a softening temperature of 600 °C. These values represent an increase of 104 MPa and 90 °C respectively compared with the CCN alloy. After a multi-stage combined thermo-mechanical treatment including preaging at 400 °C for 30 min, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of the CCNSCC alloy reach 618 MPa and 75.2%IACS respectively. Microstructure analysis shows the existence of rod-like and polygonal Cr 8 Nb 3 Si particles, as well as globular, ellipsoidal, and crescent-shaped (Ca,Ce)Cu 5 particles. During the process of aging, the precipitation of the Cr phase occurs at the phase boundaries of Cr 8 Nb 3 Si particles. Additionally, significant quantities of fine Cr particles at the nanoscale surround the Cr 8 Nb 3 Si particles, exerting a beneficial influence on the strength and electrical conductivity of the CCNSCC alloy. Besides, the CCNSCC alloy has finer Cr particle size and lower volume fraction of recrystallized grains after aging in comparison to the CCN alloy. This indicates that the addition of trace Si, Ca, and Ce elements significantly inhibits the growth of Cr particles and occurrence of recrystallization. Plenty of dislocations are observed in different states of the CCNSCC alloy, and their interaction with the Cr precipitates is the primary factor contributing to the excellent mechanical properties of the CCNSCC alloy. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for improving the properties and microstructure of Cu–Cr–Nb alloys. • A novel Cu-0.60Cr-0.20Nb-0.05Si-0.02Ca-0.02Ce (wt.%) with excellent comprehensive properties is designed. • Cr particles and (Ca,Ce)Cu 5 particles precipitate at the boundaries of nanoscale Cr 8 Nb 3 Si particles during aging. • The addition of trace Si, Ca, and Ce significantly inhibits the growth of Cr particles and occurrence of recrystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]