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A recent study conducted at Justus-Liebig-University Giessen in Germany investigated Marek's Disease in a flock of Japanese quails. The research found that the quails exhibited symptoms such as diarrhea, emaciation, and ocular lesions, with postmortem examinations revealing malignant lymphoma caused by Marek's disease. The study implemented a control strategy involving vaccination, which successfully returned the losses and laying rates to normal. This peer-reviewed research provides valuable insights into managing Marek's Disease in quails and was published in Avian Diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Mississippi State University investigated the effects of the Marek's Disease vaccine (MDV) on the immune system and small intestine morphology of Ross 708 broilers. The study examined the responses of broilers to the MDV administered alone or in conjunction with the in ovo and dietary administration of calcifediol (25OHD3). The results showed that both dietary and in ovo administration of 25OHD3 improved the small intestine morphology and lowered inflammatory reactions in broilers that were in ovo-injected with the MDV. This research provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of supplementing broiler diets with 25OHD3 to enhance immune responses and intestinal health. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Harbin, China, has found that a recombinant Marek's disease virus (MDV) can provide full protection against the H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) in chickens. The researchers constructed two recombinant MDV strains that carried the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of AIV, which is responsible for the virus's ability to infect cells. The study showed that one of the recombinant MDV strains, rMDV-UL41/HA, provided complete protection against both H9N2 AIV and MDV in chickens. This research suggests that rMDV-UL41/HA could be a promising bivalent vaccine for both avian influenza and Marek's disease in chickens. [Extracted from the article]

New research conducted by the University of Tehran in Iran has found that Marek's disease virus (MDV) has been detected in commercial turkey flocks in Iran for the first time. Marek's disease is a significant illness in chickens and poses a potential threat to the poultry industry worldwide. MDV causes immunosuppression and lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, but tumors caused by MDV in turkeys are unique. Further assays, including experimental inoculation, are needed to demonstrate the pathotype characteristics of MDV in turkey flocks. [Extracted from the article]

The patent application titled "Recombinant Hvt Vectors Expressing Influenza Hemagglutinin And Immunogenic Compositions, And Production And Uses Thereof" discusses the use of recombinant vaccines to protect avian animals, specifically chickens, from diseases like Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza. The inventors propose the use of HVT vectors, derived from the herpesvirus of turkeys, to express antigens from various pathogens and stimulate an immune response. The application also addresses the challenges of developing a broadly protective H5 influenza A vaccine due to the genetic and antigenic diversity of the virus. The patent application provides detailed information on the specific nucleic acid sequences, antigens, and methods used in the invention. [Extracted from the article]

New research from China Agricultural University explores the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in Marek's disease (MD), an immunosuppression disease in poultry caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV). The study identifies a circRNA called circRUNX2.2, which is highly expressed in chicken tumorous spleens induced by MDV. The researchers found that circRUNX2.2 promotes the expression of the parental gene RUNX2 by binding to its promoter region. Functional experiments also suggest that circRUNX2.2 may play a role in tumor development. The findings contribute to a better understanding of MD and its potential treatment options. [Extracted from the article]

New research from Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) explores the genomic variation within the Marek's disease virus (MDV). The study found that relying on a single published consensus genome of the vaccine strain CVI988 may have led to an overestimation of genomic divergence between CVI988 and virulent strains. The researchers recommend using multiple consensus genomes per strain to ensure the accuracy of interstrain genomic comparisons. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular basis of Marek's disease and highlights the need for further investigation in this area. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Surrey, United Kingdom discusses the role of exosomes in Marek's disease, an avian herpesvirus infection. The research highlights the regulatory function of viral miRNA delivered by exosomes from a Marek's disease virus-transformed lymphoma cell line. The study demonstrates that these exosomes can successfully deliver functional miRNA into primary chicken embryo fibroblasts. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of viral replication, pathogenesis, and tumorigenesis in Marek's disease. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Huanghuai University have conducted a study on Marek's disease, a highly pathogenic and oncogenic alpha herpesvirus that affects poultry. The researchers focused on the strategies used by the virus to evade host immunity and attack the immune system, as well as the decrease in the effectiveness of current vaccines. They also discussed the prospects, strategies, and new techniques for the development of more efficient vaccines and the possibilities of antiviral therapy. The study provides valuable insights into the disease and its implications for poultry health. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Mississippi State University discusses the effects of the Marek's disease vaccine on the performance, meat yield, and incidence of woody breast myopathy in Ross 708 broilers. The study investigated the effects of the vaccine when administered alone or in conjunction with in ovo and dietary supplemental 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. The research found that in ovo 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation improved body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio in the broilers. Additionally, breast meat yield increased in response to in ovo and dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation. Further research is needed to determine the reasons behind these improvements. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the National Pingtung University of Science and Technology in Taiwan reveals the presence of hypervirulent Marek's disease viruses in vaccinated chicken flocks in the country. Marek's disease is a neoplastic disease caused by serotype 1 Marek's disease virus (MDV-1) and has significant economic implications. The study analyzed the genetic characteristics of 18 MDV-1 strains obtained from vaccinated chicken flocks in Taiwan and found that the strains showed high similarity with strains from countries in the East Asian region. The research emphasizes the importance of routine surveillance and precaution strategies to address the emergence of enhanced virulent MDV-1. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Mansoura University in Egypt focused on the molecular characterization of Marek's Disease virus (MDV) and its integration with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the genomes of field isolates in Egypt. The researchers collected 180 samples from chicken farms suspected to be infected with MDV and used various techniques to identify and characterize the virus. The results showed a high prevalence of MDV in the samples, with a genetic similarity to MDVs circulating in Ethiopia, China, and India. The study also identified REV-LTR insertions in the genomes of some MDV field isolates, which may have implications for MDV pathogenesis and vaccination protection. Further research is needed to explore these effects. [Extracted from the article]

New research from the Complutense University of Madrid examines the molecular characterization of the meq oncogene of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in vaccinated Brazilian poultry farms. Despite vaccination efforts, MDV has become increasingly virulent in the poultry industry, with Brazil experiencing a rise in MD outbreaks. The study found a high incidence rate of MD and multiple circulating MDV strains, with the most prevalent strain showing characteristics of a highly virulent strain and evolving under positive selective pressure. The study emphasizes the need for preventive measures to manage MDV outbreaks in the poultry farming industry. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by investigators from Mississippi State University examined the effects of in ovo injection of the Marek's disease vaccine (MDV) in combination with different levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) on the performance and immunity-related characteristics of Ross 708 broiler hatchlings. The study found that hatchling body weight was higher when MDV was combined with either 1.2 or 2.4 mg of 25OHD3 compared to when MDV was provided alone or in combination with 0.6 mg of 25OHD3. Additionally, the expression of certain genes related to immunity and vitamin D3 activity was improved when MDV was combined with the higher doses of 25OHD3. Further research is needed to determine the posthatch effects of this combination. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a patent issued to Zoetis Services LLC for the development of recombinant herpesvirus of turkey vectors that express antigens of avian pathogens. The patent aims to create multivalent vaccines that provide immunity against multiple diseases in poultry. The invention involves inserting foreign genes into the genome of the herpesvirus of turkey to elicit an immune response and protect against various pathogens. The recombinant vectors have the advantages of both live and killed vaccines, providing longer-lasting immunity with milder reactions. The patent also mentions the use of the herpesvirus of turkey as a vaccine vector for Marek's disease, a highly contagious avian infection. The patent describes a recombinant Herpesvirus of Turkey (HVT) genome that has been modified to include genetic material from Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus. The modified genome contains nucleotide sequences that code for specific antigens from these viruses. The patent also mentions the use of promoters and poly A signals in the modified genome. The recombinant HVT genome can be used to produce a vaccine composition that can help prevent Infectious Bursal Disease, Newcastle Disease, and Marek's Disease in birds. The vaccine can be administered through various routes, such as spray administration, in ovo administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, oral administration, or nasal administration. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of Guelph in Canada have developed a bivalent mRNA vaccine for Marek's disease in chickens. The vaccine, which encodes the glycoprotein-B and phosphoprotein-38 antigens of the Marek's disease virus, was found to be effective in reducing tumor incidence, lesion scores, bursal atrophy, and viral load in feather tips. The study also suggested that interferons may play a role in the immune response generated by the vaccine. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into the development of vaccines for animal diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Kimron Veterinary Institute in Bet Dagan, Israel, discusses the findings of a study on Marek Disease, a viral disease that affects poultry. The study focused on the molecular characterization of 57 Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2) isolates collected over a 30-year period. The researchers used the meq gene sequence to evaluate the virulence of the virus. The results showed that the GaHV-2 strains circulating in Israel have evolved into a higher virulence potential over the years. The study supports the use of the meq gene as a molecular marker for assessing the virulence of field GaHV-2 strains. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Mississippi State University explored the compatibility of the Marek's disease vaccine (MDV) with two vitamins, L-Ascorbic acid (L-AA) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). The study found that the MDV can be effectively combined with the two designated doses of 25OHD for subsequent administration by in ovo injection. However, the L-AA resulted in a 70% death rate of primary chick embryo fibroblast cells infected by the MD virus within 1 hour. This research provides valuable insights into the potential compatibility of vitamins with the MDV vaccine. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study led by paleogeneticist Laurent Frantz from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen has used genetic analysis to trace the evolutionary history of Marek's disease, a fatal disease in chickens caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV). The virus, which causes tumors in chickens and has a high mortality rate, has become increasingly aggressive over the past century. By analyzing ancient DNA from chicken bones up to 1,000 years old, the researchers found that the virus was already widely distributed long before the disease was first described in 1907. They also identified mutations in viral genes that likely contribute to the increased virulence of the virus. The researchers suggest that the growth in the global chicken population and the use of certain vaccines may have accelerated the evolution of the virus's virulence. This study provides valuable insights into the evolution of pathogen virulence and can inform future strategies for managing viral diseases. [Extracted from the article]