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This investigation is devoted to exhibit the thermal damage of skin tissue exposed to a moving heat source. Modelling of the problem is performed by adopting dual phase lag theory of bio heat transfer in context of memory dependent derivative. Laplace transform technique has been adopted to represent the analytical solutions of temperature and thermal damage of skin tissue. Thermal damages to the tissues are calculated by the extent of the denatured protein employing with the Arrhenius equation. In order to predict the significance of memory dependent derivative approach, computational results of temperature and thermal damage are evaluated in the frame of different kernel functions as well as time-delay. For the purpose of exhibiting the attractiveness of the present model, obtained results are compared with the results corresponding to the absence of memory dependent derivative. Also, the impact of the velocity of moving heat source has been precisely investigated on temperature variation and thermal damage of skin tissue using quantitative results. Authors' believe that this study will be helpful to study the thermal treatment of several diseases such as hyperthermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to advance sustainable energy technologies like fuel cells and metal-air batteries, it is crucial to use an electrocatalyst that is very efficient for the process of oxygen evolution. The production of Co3O4 nanostructures led to the creation of a multiporous nanostructure. The research used an approach that utilised a simple, cost-effective, and low-temperature synthesis procedure. The catalytic activity of Co3O4 nanostructures, which have a high degree of porosity and include mesoporous nanostructures, was shown to be substantial. The catalyst has the ability to enhance the highly reactive oxygen reactions at the anode, hence increasing the combined effect of charge transfer at the interface and the porous structure of Co3O4 nanostructures. The results of this study demonstrate that Co3O4 nanostructures exhibit a significant overpotential value of 321 mV at 10 mA/cm2, a Tafel slope of 72 mV Dec−1, and excellent stability when used as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution process (OER) in real-world situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary focus of the present contribution is to develop a new system of differential equations describing the nonlocal thermoelasticity theory. The problem deals with the thermoelastic interaction in a nonhomogeneous thermoelastic layer induced by absorbing penetrating laser radiation throughout its volume. The heat conduction equation has been formulated in the context of memory dependent three-phase lag model. The surfaces of the layer are thermally insulated and free of traction. Employing the integral Laplace transform technique, the solutions of the field quantities have been achieved in the transformed domain. The corresponding solutions in the space–time domain have been derived using the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform by Riemann-sum approximation technique. The numerical estimates of the field quantities have been depicted graphically to address the effects of nonlocality and memory effects on the temperature profile, displacement and stress components. The effect of the delay time, nonhomogeneity and various choices of linear and nonlinear kernel functions in the heat transport law have also been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of renewable energy technologies, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries, relies heavily on the availability of highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, a mesoporous Fe3O4-ZnO nanocomposites was synthesized using a simple and economically viable approach at a relatively low temperature. The observed catalytic activity of the prepared Fe3O4-ZnO nanocomposites mesoporous nanostructure was found to be remarkable. Additionally, the nanostructure exhibited a high tolerance to methanol and demonstrated durability towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. In the course of the experiment, it was observed that the catalyst exhibited noteworthy activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) when compared to the commercially available RuO2 catalyst. This was evident through a more negative onset potential and higher current. The catalyst's notable capacity for high oxygen reaction activity may potentially enhance the synergistic effect resulting from the combination of defect sites and the porous structure of Fe3O4-ZnO nanocomposites. The findings of this study indicate that the Fe3O4-ZnO nanocomposites exhibit promising attributes as an electrocatalyst with overpotential and Tafel slope value of 350 mV and 62 mVdec−1 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in real-world scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuel cells and metal‐air batteries are examples of renewable energy technologies that depend on having highly effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, a mesoporous nanostructure composed of Fe3O4‐Carbon nanocomposites was synthesised using a simple and economically viable approach at a relatively low temperature. The observed catalytic activity of the prepared defected Fe3O4‐Carbon nanocomposites mesoporous nanostructure was found to be remarkable. Additionally, the nanostructure exhibited a high tolerance to methanol and demonstrated durability towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. In the course of the experiment, it was observed that the catalyst exhibited noteworthy activity in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) when compared to the commercially available RuO2 catalyst. This was evident through a more overpotential value of 325 mV at current density of 10 mA/cm2. The catalyst's notable capacity for high oxygen reaction activity may potentially enhance the synergistic effect resulting from the combination of defect sites and the porous structure of Fe3O4‐Carbon nanocomposites. The findings of this study indicate that the Fe3O4‐Carbon nanocomposites nanostructures exhibit promising attributes as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in real‐world scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing field of nanotechnology has witnessed numerous advancements over the past few years, particularly in the development of engineered nanoparticles. Compared with bulk materials, metal nanoparticles possess more favorable properties, such as increased chemical activity and toxicity, owing to their smaller size and larger surface area. Metal nanoparticles exhibit exceptional stability, specificity, sensitivity, and effectiveness, making them highly useful in the biomedical field. Metal nanoparticles are in high demand in biomedical nanotechnology, including Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, Zn, Co, Gd, Eu, and Er. These particles exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, including amenable functionalization, non-corrosiveness, and varying optical and electronic properties based on their size and shape. Metal nanoparticles can be modified with different targeting agents such as antibodies, liposomes, transferrin, folic acid, and carbohydrates. Thus, metal nanoparticles hold great promise for various biomedical applications such as photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography (CT), photothermal, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Despite their potential, safety considerations, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed for safe clinical applications. This review highlights advancements in metal nanoparticle surface engineering and explores their integration with emerging technologies such as bioimaging, cancer therapeutics and nanomedicine. By offering valuable insights, this comprehensive review offers a deep understanding of the potential of metal nanoparticles in biomedical research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)